924:
141:
118:
1806:
910:
reduced the northern ranges of the
Sequoioideae, as did subsequent ice ages. Evolutionary adaptations to ancient environments persist in all three species despite changing climate, distribution, and associated flora, especially the specific demands of their reproduction ecology that ultimately forced
1063:
Brunsfeld, Steven J; Soltis, Pamela S; Soltis, Douglas E; Gadek, Paul A; Quinn, Christopher J; Strenge, Darren D; Ranker, Tom A (1994). "Phylogenetic
Relationships Among the Genera of Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae: Evidence from rbcL Sequences".
1482:
Wan, Mingli; Yang, Wan; Tang, Peng; Liu, Lujun; Wang, Jun (2017). "Medulloprotaxodioxylon triassicum gen. Et sp. Nov., a taxodiaceous conifer wood from the Norian (Triassic) of northern Bogda
Mountains, northwestern China".
371:. The redwood species contains the largest and tallest trees in the world. These trees can live for thousands of years. Threats include logging, fire suppression, illegal marijuana cultivation, and
1465:
1315:
Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (August 2021).
791:(in which two species hybridize and give rise to a third) among the three genera. However, the long evolutionary history of the three genera (the earliest fossil remains being from the
1185:
Yang, Z.Y.; Ran, J.H.; Wang, X.Q. (2012). "Three Genome-based
Phylogeny of Cupressaceae s.l: Further Evidence for the Evolution of Gymnosperms and Southern Hemisphere Biogeography".
1378:
1603:"Neutron tomography of Austrosequoia novae-zeelandia e comb. nov. (Late Cretaceous, Chatham Islands, New Zealand): implications for Sequoioideae phylogeny and biogeography"
966:
as
Endangered (B1ab). In 2024 it was reported that over a period of two years about one-fifth of all giant sequoias were destroyed in extreme wildfires in California.
1761:
1641:
920:, known from the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene of the Southern Hemisphere, including Australia and New Zealand, has been suggested as a member of the subfamily.
1750:
1462:
1463:
Origins of polyploidy in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and relationship of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) to other genera of
Taxodiaceae.
646:
A 2021 study using molecular evidence found the same relationships among
Sequoioideae species, but found Sequoioideae to be the sister group to the
923:
1838:
1028:
Kurland, Justin; Pires, Stephen F; Marteache, Nerea (2018). "The spatial pattern of redwood burl poaching and implications for prevention".
1151:
Takaso, T.; Tomlinson, P.B. (1992). "Seed cone and ovule ontogeny in
Metasequoia, Sequoia and Sequoiadendron (Taxodiaceae-Coniferales)".
1535:
942:
In 2024, it was estimated that there were about 500,000 redwoods in
Britain, mostly brought as seeds and seedlings from the US in the
406:
Multiple studies of both morphological and molecular characters have strongly supported the assertion that the
Sequoioideae are
3990:
1010:
398:, are deciduous, grow much smaller (although are still large compared to most other trees) and can live in colder climates.
677:
has come to be understood as quite common in plants—with estimates ranging from 47% to 100% of flowering plants and extant
1418:"Compressions of Sequoia (Cupressaceae sensu lato) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China"
1767:
1660:
3727:
2807:
2340:
2208:
809:
489:
394:
140:
2897:
997:"Prescribed Fire at Redwood National and State Parks - Redwood National and State Parks (U.S. National Park Service)"
4023:
3690:
1831:
799:
originated once and for all a difficult matter—especially since it in part depends on an incomplete fossil record.
1566:
Jagels, Richard; Equiza, MarĂa A. (2007). "Why did Metasequoia disappear from North America but not from China?".
2877:
2857:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2737:
2571:
2531:
2454:
2445:
1953:
306:
3813:
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2887:
2797:
2767:
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1933:
1512:"Revision of Fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North America Based on the Recent Discovery of Metasequoia"
820:
570:
21:
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2019:
1976:
1317:"Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms"
4018:
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3211:
3013:
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2644:
2624:
2497:
2407:
2228:
2185:
1824:
865:
446:
A 2006 paper based on non-molecular evidence suggested the following relationship among extant species:
3510:
1283:
902:, Europe, North America, and throughout Asia and Japan. A general cooling trend beginning in the late
438:—and generated a notable exception that calls into question the specifics of this relative consensus.
3850:
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3003:
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2139:
2059:
2009:
916:
883:
and may represent an ancestral form of the Sequoioideae; this supports the idea of a Late Triassic
843:
760:
302:
267:
28:
3907:
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3614:
3390:
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1223:
Mao, K.; Milne, R.I.; Zhang, L.; Peng, Y.; Liu, J.; Thomas, P.; Mill, R.R.; Renner, S.S. (2012).
1125:
1081:
1045:
947:
755:
in the tree generated with the NLY gene. Further analysis strongly supported the hypothesis that
135:
3981:
1417:
1104:"Relationships Within Cupressaceae Sensu Lato: A Combined Morphological and Molecular Approach"
3320:
3181:
3151:
3091:
2389:
2129:
2089:
1999:
1756:
IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Downloaded on 10 January 2014.
1622:
1531:
1511:
1370:
1344:
1336:
1264:
1202:
1133:
788:
698:
689:(2n= 6x= 66). To investigate the origins of this polyploidy Yang et al. used two single copy
3634:
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3191:
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3111:
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1858:
1688:
1614:
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1328:
1295:
1254:
1244:
1194:
1160:
1115:
1073:
1037:
713:
701:. Other researchers have had success with these genes in similar studies on different taxa.
658:. Sequoioideae and Athrotaxidoideae are thought to have diverged from each other during the
314:
295:
3742:
3280:
2262:
2162:
1469:
519:
339:
242:
681:
having derived from ancient polyploidy. Within the gymnosperms however it is quite rare.
1601:
Mays, Chris; Cantrill, David J.; Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Bevitt, Joseph J. (28 May 2018).
1240:
3766:
2728:
2308:
2119:
1259:
1224:
1164:
996:
709:
556:
430:
went on to investigate the origin of a peculiar genetic component in Sequoioideae, the
353:
250:
165:
117:
1661:"Wildfires are killing California's ancient giants. Can seedlings save sequoia trees?"
1316:
4012:
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3795:
3681:
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1924:
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208:
50:
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673:
refers to the origination of a taxon through the merging of ancestor lineages.
2468:
2199:
1867:
1816:
1300:
891:
674:
647:
431:
344:
178:
95:
60:
3966:
1626:
1340:
898:, especially in northern latitudes. Genera of Sequoioideae were found in the
3658:
2934:
2595:
1990:
1249:
907:
686:
407:
318:
310:
291:
287:
100:
1348:
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1206:
1137:
1805:
1642:"Hidden giants: how the UK's 500,000 redwoods put California in the shade"
771:. Thus, Yang et al. hypothesize that the inconsistent relationships among
3960:
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870:
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659:
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322:
90:
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70:
65:
55:
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1416:
Ma, Qing-Wen; K. Ferguson, David; Liu, Hai-Ming; Xu, Jing-Xian (2020).
1394:
1129:
1085:
198:
188:
105:
80:
903:
884:
847:
348:
3937:
1527:
1225:"Distribution of Living Cupressaceae Reflects the Breakup of Pangea"
1120:
1103:
1077:
3995:
1704:
911:
each of the species into refugial ranges where they could survive.
3595:
922:
860:
694:
678:
368:
334:
152:
372:
3941:
1820:
1102:
Gadek, P.A.; Alpers, D.L.; Heslewod, M.M.; Quinn, C.J. (2000).
704:
Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of
313:
are amongst the most notable trees in the world and are common
1783:
1736:
1775:
890:
The fossil record shows a massive expansion of range in the
1720:
732:
or ancestors of the two genera, as the parental species of
1580:
10.3374/0079-032x(2007)48[281:wdmdfn]2.0.co;2
1284:"Evolution of taxodiaceous Cupressaceae (Coniferopsida)"
879:, reported from the late Triassic of China, resembles
827:- Giant sequoia, Giant redwood; western slopes of the
263:
3950:
3887:
3863:
3840:
3830:
3803:
3793:
3765:
3741:
3717:
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2284:
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2198:
2175:
2152:
1989:
1966:
1923:
1913:
1866:
1856:
740:, autoallohexaploidy, or segmental allohexaploidy.
1659:Sommer, Lauren; Kellman, Ryan (26 February 2024).
1516:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
863:, with the oldest described Sequoioideae species,
751:in the tree generated using the LFY gene but with
1568:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
27:"Redwood Tree" redirects here. For the song, see
1751:de:Liste der dicksten Mammutbäume in Deutschland
1229:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
795:) make resolving the specifics of when and how
979:of North American west coast (Sequoia forests)
20:"Redwood" redirects here. For other uses, see
1832:
1760:James Donald, John Rubin (directors) (2009).
1705:"A few basic facts about Redwoods, and Parks"
1011:"Why redwood burl poaching is so destructive"
666:Possible reticulate evolution in Sequoioideae
8:
1766:(film). National Geographic. Archived from
1379:"What we still don't know about polyploidy"
3938:
3837:
3800:
3714:
2939:
2441:
2394:
1920:
1863:
1839:
1825:
1817:
116:
36:
1753:. List of Large Giant Redwoods in Germany
1422:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
1299:
1258:
1248:
1119:
650:(a superfamily presently known only from
1153:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
386:, are known for massive trees. Trees of
321:reached its peak diversity in the early
16:Subfamily of coniferous trees (redwoods)
2272:
988:
842:- Coastal Redwood, California redwood;
3776:
2898:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2318:
1737:"Crescent Ridge Dawn Redwood Preserve"
927:Young but already tall redwood trees (
3874:
3691:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2532:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1485:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
1187:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2455:
2418:
2408:
1977:
1218:
1216:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1097:
1095:
816:- Dawn redwood; south-central China.
3851:
3728:
3582:
3559:
2295:
1607:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1461:Ahuja M. R. and D. B. Neale. 2002.
1288:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
562:
525:
515:
481:
471:
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2508:
2498:
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1165:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb00256.x
14:
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2110:
2100:
2090:
2080:
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2050:
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2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1721:"Calaveras Big Trees Association"
954:Category & Criteria assesses
392:, from the single living species
3918:
3908:
3898:
3814:
2921:
2186:
1804:
426:as the out-group. However, Yang
139:
3752:
2163:
1640:Tapper, James (16 March 2024).
1282:Schulz; StĂĽtzel (August 2007).
309:in the world. The trees in the
1497:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.02.009
1373:; Buggs, R.J.A.; Doyle, J.J.;
1:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3605:
1619:10.1080/14772019.2017.1314898
1522:(3). Philadelphia: 172–236.
1042:10.1016/j.forpol.2018.06.009
964:Metasequoia glyptostroboides
810:Metasequoia glyptostroboides
395:Metasequoia glyptostroboides
333:The three redwood subfamily
125:Redwood Highway, California
1199:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.004
1030:Forest Policy and Economics
887:origin for this subfamily.
859:Sequoioideae is an ancient
846:coast and extreme Southern
4040:
1472:Silvae Genetica 51: 93–99.
1434:10.1007/s12549-020-00454-z
1333:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4
1108:American Journal of Botany
946:. The entire subfamily is
873:deposits. The fossil wood
720:and some probably extinct
282:, commonly referred to as
18:
1510:Chaney, Ralph W. (1950).
1301:10.1016/j.ode.2006.03.001
1015:Christian Science Monitor
962:as Endangered (B2ab) and
621:
567:
560:
530:
523:
513:
486:
479:
469:
462:
454:
307:largest and tallest trees
239:
234:
136:Scientific classification
134:
124:
115:
39:
2212:. austrocaledonicus
960:Sequoiadendron giganteum
933:) in Oakland, California
881:Sequoiadendron giganteum
821:Sequoiadendron giganteum
378:Only two of the genera,
22:Redwood (disambiguation)
3731:. glyptostroboides
1780:Notes from the Field tv
1763:Climbing Redwood Giants
1707:. National Park Service
1691:. National Park Service
1250:10.1073/pnas.1114319109
958:as Endangered (A2acd),
896:Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora
743:Yang et al. found that
3817:. cryptomerioides
1682:Bibliography and links
1468:2 January 2014 at the
934:
876:Medulloprotaxodioxylon
402:Taxonomy and evolution
2618:. austrotibetica
2344:. cedarbergensis
926:
894:and dominance of the
697:and NLY, to generate
3648:. sutchuenensis
3474:. saltillensis
3444:. occidentalis
3404:. horizontalis
3344:. coahuilensis
3175:. pseudosabina
3105:. foetidissima
2811:. guadalupensis
2083:. neocaledonica
1813:at Wikimedia Commons
1735:Hanks, Doug (2005).
956:Sequoia sempervirens
930:Sequoia sempervirens
836:Sequoia sempervirens
785:reticulate evolution
759:was the result of a
683:Sequoia sempervirens
671:Reticulate evolution
301:, that range in the
128:Sequoia sempervirens
3755:. sempervirens
3694:. vietnamensis
3618:. occidentalis
3454:. osteosperma
3374:. durangensis
3334:. californica
3304:. barbadensis
3274:. angosturana
3255:. wallichiana
3215:. semiglobosa
3017:. lutchuensis
2901:. stephensonii
2718:. vietnamensis
2688:. sempervirens
2458:. nootkatensis
2189:. cupressoides
2023:. columellaris
1890:. selaginoides
1880:. cupressoides
1241:2012PNAS..109.7793M
844:Northern California
783:could be a sign of
761:hybridization event
747:was clustered with
490:M. glyptostroboides
303:northern hemisphere
29:Redwood Tree (song)
3504:. virginiana
3484:. scopulorum
3424:. monosperma
3314:. bermudiana
3165:. procumbens
3085:. convallium
3027:. macrocarpa
2957:. brevifolia
2698:. tonkinensis
2648:. duclouxiana
2628:. cashmeriana
2575:. taiwanensis
2535:. formosensis
1957:. pyramidalis
1395:10.1002/tax.595006
935:
914:The extinct genus
866:Sequoia jeholensis
814:Hu & W.C.Cheng
699:phylogenetic trees
357:from California's
305:. It includes the
4024:Plant subfamilies
4006:
4005:
3944:Taxon identifiers
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3921:. mucronatum
3826:
3825:
3789:
3788:
3703:
3702:
3638:. standishii
3608:. koraiensis
3585:. articulata
3562:. orientalis
3523:
3522:
3494:. standleyi
3464:. pinchotii
3434:. monticola
3414:. jaliscana
3294:. arizonica
3263:New World Species
3235:. thurifera
3205:. saltuaria
3135:. phoenicea
3125:. komarovii
3075:. chinensis
3065:Old World Species
3037:. oxycedrus
3007:. formosana
2881:. revealiana
2861:. nevadensis
2841:. macrocarpa
2831:. macnabiana
2821:. lusitanica
2741:. abramsiana
2658:. dupreziana
2545:. lawsoniana
2501:. macrolepis
2430:
2429:
2421:. lanceolata
2390:Cunninghamioideae
2383:
2382:
2232:. chevalieri
2113:. rhomboidea
2053:. macleayana
2043:. endlicheri
2033:. drummondii
1937:. acuminatus
1909:
1908:
1809:Media related to
1782:. 6 minutes in.
1770:on 12 April 2013.
1689:"About the trees"
1235:(20): 7793–7798.
1066:Systematic Botany
869:, recovered from
825:(Lindl.) J.Buchh.
789:hybrid speciation
654:) rather than to
643:
642:
634:
633:
610:
609:
601:
600:
592:
591:
583:
582:
546:
545:
502:
501:
294:trees within the
277:
276:
4031:
3999:
3998:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3939:
3920:
3911:. distichum
3910:
3901:. ascendens
3900:
3876:
3853:
3838:
3816:
3801:
3779:. giganteum
3778:
3754:
3730:
3715:
3693:
3671:. dolabrata
3670:
3647:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3584:
3561:
3540:. decussata
3539:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3394:. gamboana
3393:
3384:. flaccida
3383:
3373:
3364:. deppeana
3363:
3354:. comitana
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3254:
3245:. tibetica
3244:
3234:
3225:. squamata
3224:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2940:
2924:. hodginsii
2923:
2900:
2891:. sargentii
2890:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2801:. goveniana
2800:
2790:
2780:
2771:. benthamii
2770:
2760:
2751:. arizonica
2750:
2740:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2638:. chengiana
2637:
2627:
2617:
2608:. atlantica
2607:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2511:. rupestris
2510:
2500:
2491:. formosana
2490:
2481:. decurrens
2480:
2457:
2442:
2420:
2410:
2395:
2373:
2364:. schwarzii
2363:
2354:. nodiflora
2353:
2343:
2320:
2297:
2274:
2252:. yateensis
2251:
2241:
2231:
2222:. bidwillii
2221:
2211:
2188:
2165:
2143:. verrucosa
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2063:. monticola
2062:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2022:
2013:. canescens
2012:
2002:
1980:. chilensis
1979:
1956:
1947:. arenarius
1946:
1936:
1921:
1900:. laxifolia
1899:
1889:
1879:
1864:
1859:Athrotaxidoideae
1841:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1808:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1771:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1389:(5): 1387–1403.
1367:
1361:
1360:
1327:(8): 1015–1025.
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
841:
826:
815:
648:Athrotaxidoideae
574:(giant sequoia)
563:
537:(coast redwood)
526:
516:
482:
472:
465:
457:
450:
265:
144:
143:
120:
110:
47:
46:Aalenian–Present
43:Temporal range:
37:
32:
25:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3946:
3936:
3927:
3924:
3883:
3880:
3877:. pensilis
3859:
3854:. japonica
3822:
3785:
3782:
3761:
3758:
3737:
3734:
3699:
3676:
3653:
3590:
3567:
3544:
3519:
3514:. zanonii
3324:. blancoi
3258:
3185:. recurva
3155:. procera
3095:. excelsa
3052:
2997:. drupacea
2987:. conferta
2977:. communis
2929:
2906:
2781:. forbesii
2723:
2708:. torulosa
2678:. gigantea
2668:. funebris
2590:
2585:. thyoides
2565:. pisifera
2517:
2514:
2463:
2426:
2411:. konishii
2379:
2326:
2321:. uviferum
2303:
2280:
2275:. pancheri
2263:Neocallitropsis
2257:
2194:
2171:
2148:
2103:. preissii
2073:. muelleri
1985:
1962:
1905:
1852:
1845:
1801:
1788:
1786:
1774:
1759:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1538:
1528:10.2307/1005641
1509:
1508:
1504:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1470:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1121:10.2307/2657004
1101:
1100:
1093:
1078:10.2307/2419600
1062:
1061:
1057:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1017:. 5 March 2014.
1009:
1008:
1004:
995:
994:
990:
986:
972:
940:
857:
839:
824:
813:
805:
753:Sequoiadendron
730:Sequoiadendron,
668:
644:
635:
611:
602:
593:
584:
547:
534:S. sempervirens
503:
493:(dawn redwood)
444:
410:. Most modern
404:
331:
138:
111:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
45:
44:
41:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3987:
3972:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3914:
3904:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3809:
3807:
3798:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3771:
3769:
3767:Sequoiadendron
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3721:
3712:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3628:. plicata
3621:
3611:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3260:
3259:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3195:. sabina
3188:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3145:. pingii
3138:
3128:
3118:
3115:. indica
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2967:. cedrus
2960:
2949:
2947:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2871:. pygmaea
2864:
2854:
2851:. montana
2844:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2733:
2731:
2729:Hesperocyparis
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2450:
2448:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2311:
2309:Pilgerodendron
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2298:. papuana
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2242:. plumosa
2235:
2225:
2215:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2166:. archeri
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2133:. sulcata
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2093:. oblonga
2086:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2016:
2006:
2003:. baileyi
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1800:
1799:External links
1797:
1796:
1795:
1772:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1732:
1717:
1701:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1651:
1632:
1613:(7): 551–570.
1593:
1574:(2): 281–290.
1558:
1537:978-1422377055
1536:
1502:
1474:
1454:
1408:
1362:
1307:
1294:(2): 124–135.
1274:
1212:
1193:(3): 452–470.
1170:
1143:
1114:(7): 1044–57.
1091:
1055:
1020:
1002:
987:
985:
982:
981:
980:
971:
968:
939:
936:
856:
853:
852:
851:
832:
829:Sierra Nevadas
817:
804:
803:Extant species
801:
781:Sequoiadendron
769:Sequoiadendron
738:autohexaploidy
710:allopolyploidy
667:
664:
641:
640:
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
627:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
595:
594:
590:
589:
586:
585:
581:
580:
577:
576:
566:
561:
559:
557:Sequoiadendron
553:
552:
549:
548:
544:
543:
540:
539:
529:
524:
522:
514:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
485:
480:
478:
470:
468:
463:
461:
455:
453:
448:
443:
442:Cladistic tree
440:
420:Sequoiadendron
403:
400:
384:Sequoiadendron
354:Sequoiadendron
330:
327:
275:
274:
273:
272:
261:
254:
251:Sequoiadendron
247:
237:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4036:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3865:Glyptostrobus
3862:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Taiwanioideae
3792:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3682:Xanthocyparis
3679:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:. ashei
3278:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3047:. rigida
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:. glabra
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:. bakeri
2755:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:. obtusa
2549:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2523:Chamaecyparis
2520:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Cupressoideae
2433:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2374:. whytei
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2332:Widdringtonia
2329:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2289:
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2234:
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2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2027:
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2015:
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2004:
1997:
1996:
1994:
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1982:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1925:Actinostrobus
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Callitroideae
1912:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
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1837:
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1823:
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459:
458:
452:
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418:as sister to
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356:
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268:Austrosequoia
262:
260:
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253:
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233:
230:
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190:
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183:
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1849:Cupressaceae
1811:Sequoioideae
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1779:
1768:the original
1762:
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1371:Soltis, D.E.
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487:
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424:Metasequoia
423:
419:
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408:monophyletic
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299:Cupressaceae
283:
280:Sequoioideae
279:
278:
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229:Sequoioideae
228:
219:Cupressaceae
179:Gymnospermae
172:
159:
126:
40:Sequoioideae
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3976:Wikispecies
3842:Cryptomeria
3719:Metasequoia
3573:Tetraclinis
3550:Platycladus
2286:Papuacedrus
2123:. roei
1776:"Big trees"
773:Metasequoia
765:Metasequoia
749:Metasequoia
726:Metasequoia
718:Metasequoia
476:Metasequoia
412:phylogenies
389:Metasequoia
364:Metasequoia
329:Description
317:trees. The
258:Metasequoia
225:Subfamily:
209:Cupressales
4013:Categories
3831:Subfamily
3794:Subfamily
3708:Subfamily
3529:Microbiota
2469:Calocedrus
2435:Subfamily
2388:Subfamily
2200:Libocedrus
1914:Subfamily
1868:Athrotaxis
1857:Subfamily
1789:10 January
1742:10 January
1726:10 January
1711:10 January
1695:10 January
1072:(2): 253.
984:References
975:Temperate
948:endangered
892:Cretaceous
763:involving
706:Sequoia's
675:Polyploidy
432:polyploidy
375:poaching.
345:California
315:ornamental
292:coniferous
185:Division:
3996:1158313-2
3659:Thujopsis
2945:Juniperus
2935:Juniperus
2596:Cupressus
1991:Callitris
1627:1477-2019
1588:129649877
1551:1 January
1491:: 70–84.
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1357:236141481
1341:2055-0278
1159:: 15–37.
1050:158505170
1036:: 46–54.
908:Oligocene
687:hexaploid
319:subfamily
311:subfamily
288:subfamily
199:Pinopsida
189:Pinophyta
149:Kingdom:
3961:Wikidata
3889:Taxodium
3805:Taiwania
3057:Section
2943:Section
2912:Fokienia
2177:Fitzroya
1670:16 March
1466:Archived
1428:(9): 1.
1403:20774036
1377:(2010).
1349:34282286
1269:22550176
1207:22609823
1138:10898782
970:See also
871:Jurassic
793:Jurassic
777:Sequoia,
716:between
660:Jurassic
652:Tasmania
323:cenozoic
284:redwoods
215:Family:
3967:Q149335
3743:Sequoia
2154:Diselma
1851:species
1847:Extant
1546:1005641
1447:9 March
1260:3356613
1237:Bibcode
1130:2657004
1086:2419600
797:Sequoia
757:Sequoia
745:Sequoia
734:Sequoia
724:plant;
520:Sequoia
436:Sequoia
416:Sequoia
380:Sequoia
340:Sequoia
286:, is a
244:Sequoia
235:Genera
205:Order:
195:Class:
153:Plantae
3059:Sabina
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428:et al.
414:place
361:, and
349:Oregon
335:genera
296:family
3596:Thuja
1584:S2CID
1542:JSTOR
1438:S2CID
1399:JSTOR
1383:Taxon
1353:S2CID
1126:JSTOR
1082:JSTOR
1046:S2CID
861:taxon
679:ferns
369:China
173:Clade
160:Clade
3991:IPNI
1791:2014
1744:2014
1728:2014
1713:2014
1697:2014
1672:2024
1623:ISSN
1553:2014
1532:ISBN
1449:2021
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