Knowledge (XXG)

Serravallian

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954: 2376: 897:(GSSP) for the Serravallian is in the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' section, located at the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' headland in the vicinity of 'Fomm ir-Rih' Bay, SW Malta.The base of the Serravallian is represented in the field as the formation boundary between the Globigerina Limestone formation and the Blue Clay formation. The base of the Serravallian is related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope excursion marking the onset of the Middle Miocene Cooling step. 2365: 1089:
Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain".
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Hilgen, F. J.; Hayfaa Abdul Aziz; Bice, David; Iaccarino, Silvia; Krijgsman, Wout; Kuiper, Klaudia; Montanari, Alessandro; Raffi, Isabella; Turco, Elena; Willem-Jan Zachariasse (2005).
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Moyà-Solà, S.; Albab, David M.; Almécija, Sergio; Casanovas-Vilar, I; Köhler, M; De Esteban-Trivigno, S; Robles, JM; Galindo, J; Fortuny, J (2009).
591: 524: 2409: 1511:"Phylogeny of Australasian agamid lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes: implications for morphological evolution and biogeography" 1731: 1407: 1301: 1291:"Lorenzo Pareto, Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional In 841: 830: 2414: 819: 900:
The top of the Serravallian (the base of the Tortonian Stage) is at the last common appearance of calcareous nanoplanktons
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Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009).
1236:"The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Tortonian Stage (Upper Miocene) at Monte Dei Corvi" 732: 662: 1410:[Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I.] 486: 1408:"Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely" 2419: 1325: 2027: 2022: 1615: 1595: 2399: 797: 552: 1556: 1462: 1360: 1099: 786: 782: 625: 2358: 1590: 885: 1666: 1146: 873: 778: 375: 2375: 1170: 2156: 2120: 1571:
Note sur la subdivision que l'on pourrait etablir dans les terrains de l'Apennin septentrional
1490: 1423: 1388: 849: 548: 2404: 2250: 2125: 2094: 1891: 1522: 1480: 1470: 1449:"A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade" 1378: 1368: 1250: 1207: 1138: 1107: 1103: 958: 953: 1193:"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)" 2219: 2115: 2053: 1948: 1917: 1886: 1255: 1212: 1042: 911: 793: 1466: 1364: 1192: 2369: 2188: 2058: 1953: 1922: 1604:
at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
1485: 1448: 1383: 1344: 869: 652: 2393: 2089: 2079: 2048: 2011: 1943: 1912: 1527: 1510: 1235: 1111: 1058: 1002: 615: 61: 2380: 2364: 2311: 2161: 2084: 1053: 966: 827: 1373: 1126: 2306: 2175: 2151: 1996: 1791: 1671: 1033: 934: 929: 384: 354: 36: 2301: 2261: 2204: 2104: 2001: 1875: 1775: 1723: 1707: 1598:, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS 1509:
Hugall, Andrew; Foster, Ralph; Hutchinson, Mark; Michael, Lee (January 2008).
1062: 902: 890: 853: 823: 816: 710: 706: 438: 299: 81: 46: 747: 734: 677: 664: 2316: 2266: 2240: 2199: 2146: 1991: 1967: 1848: 1838: 1827: 1691: 1686: 1475: 1048: 997: 809: 420: 411: 307: 263: 86: 1494: 1392: 915:. It is also associated with the short normal-polarized chronozone C5r.2n. 879:
The base of the Serravallian is at the first occurrence of fossils of the
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Gál, Erika; Hír, János; Kessler, Eugén; Kókay, József (1998–1999).
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diverged from their last common ancestor during the Serravallian.
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and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the
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The Serravallian Stage was introduced in stratigraphy by the
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have been found dating from the Serravalian of Hungary
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Become Extinct? A New Analysis of the Fossil Record"
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Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode)
639: 631: 621: 611: 606: 598: 586: 576: 571: 563: 558: 541: 107: 21: 1127:"Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie" 1573:, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 1739: 1623: 8: 1545:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G. 895:Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point 523:Subdivision of the Neogene according to the 1293:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2184: 1976: 1871: 1771: 1746: 1732: 1724: 1647: 1630: 1616: 1608: 1416:Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 856:time scale of Central and eastern Europe. 16:Age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch 1526: 1515:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1484: 1474: 1382: 1372: 1254: 1211: 872:in 1865. It was named after the town of 1081: 1343:Pimiento, C.; Clements, C. F. (2014). 18: 800:, which spans the time between 13.82 530:Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 7: 495: 475: 2345:= kiloannum (thousands years ago); 1092:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 815:It overlaps with the middle of the 2349:= megaannum (millions years ago); 1295:, volume 22, série 2, pp. 210-277" 14: 2353:= gigaannum (billions years ago). 1061:. Thus ending the lineage of the 2374: 2363: 1528:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00911.x 1591:GeoWhen Database - Serravallian 1256:10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i1/001 1213:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002 842:South American Land Mammal Ages 831:North American Land Mammal Ages 721:Monte dei Corvi Beach section, 2410:Serravallian first appearances 820:European Land Mammal Mega Zone 1: 1792:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma) 844:. It is also coeval with the 1374:10.1371/journal.pone.0111086 1112:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4 912:Globigerinoides subquadratus 1755:Geological history of Earth 2436: 2028:Mississippian (323–359 Ma) 2023:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) 1787:Holocene (present–11.7 ka) 1553:A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1326:"GSSP Table - All Periods" 1057:, goes extinct about 11.8 886:Sphenolithus heteromorphus 651:Ras il Pellegrin section, 2340: 2312:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga) 2162:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma) 1645: 1125:Retallack, G. J. (1997). 702:Upper boundary definition 640:Lower boundary definition 520: 487:Messinian salinity crisis 112: 26: 2307:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga) 2152:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) 1997:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) 1849:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma) 1839:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) 2302:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) 2267:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) 2262:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) 2205:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) 2095:Llandovery (433–444 Ma) 2002:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma) 1813:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) 1476:10.1073/pnas.0811730106 1422:: 33–78. Archived from 1104:1996E&PSL.142..367K 808:and is followed by the 2272:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) 2241:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga) 2200:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) 2147:Furongian (485–497 Ma) 1992:Lopingian (252–260 Ma) 1818:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma) 1347:Carcharocles megalodon 962: 889:and is located in the 190:−10 — 180:−12 — 170:−14 — 160:−16 — 150:−18 — 140:−20 — 130:−22 — 120:−24 — 2415:Miocene geochronology 2277:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) 2236:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) 2157:Series 2 (509–521 Ma) 1844:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) 1171:"ICS Timescale Chart" 956: 564:Geochronological name 230:−2 — 220:−4 — 210:−6 — 200:−8 — 2317:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga) 2210:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) 2090:Wenlock (427–433 Ma) 2080:Pridoli (419–423 Ma) 1557:Cambridge University 1178:www.stratigraphy.org 893:C5ABr. The official 2372: • 2361: • 2359:Geologic time scale 2121:Middle (458–470 Ma) 2085:Ludlow (423–427 Ma) 2054:Middle (383–393 Ma) 1949:Middle (237–247 Ma) 1918:Middle (164–174 Ma) 1577:, p. 210-277. 1467:2009PNAS..106.9601M 1365:2014PLoSO...9k1086P 876:in northern Italy. 764:Upper GSSP ratified 748:43.5867°N 13.5694°E 744: /  718:Upper boundary GSSP 694:Lower GSSP ratified 678:35.9139°N 14.3361°E 674: /  648:Lower boundary GSSP 632:Time span formality 2370:Geology portal 2231:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) 2126:Early (470–485 Ma) 2059:Early (393–419 Ma) 1954:Early (247–252 Ma) 1923:Early (174–201 Ma) 1892:Early (100–145 Ma) 1887:Late (66.0–100 Ma) 963: 924:Cartilaginous fish 903:Discoaster kugleri 874:Serravalle Scrivia 779:geologic timescale 711:Discoaster kugleri 622:Stratigraphic unit 612:Chronological unit 599:Time scale(s) used 2387: 2386: 2285: 2284: 2251:Paleoproterozoic 2170: 2169: 2116:Late (444–458 Ma) 2049:Late (359–383 Ma) 1962: 1961: 1944:Late (201–237 Ma) 1913:Late (145–164 Ma) 1857: 1856: 1778:(present–2.58 Ma) 1766:(present–66.0 Ma) 1721: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1602:Neogene timescale 1596:Neogene timescale 1461:(24): 9601–9606. 957:Ancestors of the 771: 770: 572:Usage information 536: 535: 516: 515: 494: 493: 2427: 2381:World portal 2379: 2378: 2368: 2367: 2330: 2294: 2254: 2223: 2220:Mesoproterozoic 2192: 2185: 2180: 2139: 2108: 2072: 2041: 2015: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1936: 1905: 1879: 1872: 1867: 1831: 1805: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1725: 1648: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1609: 1580: 1564: 1546: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1506: 1500: 1498: 1488: 1478: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1418:(in Hungarian). 1413: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1376: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1328:. Archived from 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1300:. Archived from 1299: 1287: 1281: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1240: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1197: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1098:(3–4): 367–380. 1086: 959:long-tailed duck 759: 758: 756: 755: 754: 753:43.5867; 13.5694 749: 745: 742: 741: 740: 737: 689: 688: 686: 685: 684: 683:35.9139; 14.3361 679: 675: 672: 671: 670: 667: 542:Formerly part of 511: 501: 496: 489: 481: 476: 449: 441: 432: 423: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 368: 359: 349: 334: 312: 293: 268: 257: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 115: 103: 33: 29:13.82 – 11.63 19: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2420:Geological ages 2390: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2373: 2362: 2354: 2336: 2328: 2321: 2292: 2281: 2252: 2245: 2221: 2214: 2190: 2189:Neoproterozoic 2179:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga) 2178: 2177: 2176:Proterozoic Eon 2166: 2137: 2130: 2106: 2099: 2070: 2063: 2039: 2032: 2013: 2006: 1982: 1970: 1969: 1958: 1934: 1927: 1903: 1896: 1877: 1865: 1864: 1853: 1829: 1822: 1803: 1796: 1777: 1765: 1764: 1757: 1752: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1696: 1641: 1636: 1587: 1578: 1562: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1359:(10): e111086. 1342: 1341: 1337: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1297: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1143:10.2307/3515337 1124: 1123: 1119: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1047:The last known 1043:Crocodylomorpha 1014: 989: 951: 926: 921: 906:and planktonic 862: 752: 750: 746: 743: 738: 735: 733: 731: 730: 729: 682: 680: 676: 673: 668: 665: 663: 661: 660: 659: 653:Fomm ir-Riħ Bay 537: 532: 531: 529: 512: 506:North American 505: 499: 490: 485: 479: 472: 471: 467: 466: 462: 461: 457: 456: 452: 451: 447: 443: 442: 437: 434: 433: 428: 425: 424: 419: 416: 415: 410: 407: 406: 401: 398: 397: 392: 389: 388: 383: 380: 379: 374: 371: 370: 366: 362: 361: 357: 355: 351: 350: 346: 344: 342: 339: 336: 335: 331: 329: 327: 325: 323: 321: 318: 315: 314: 310: 308: 304: 303: 295: 294: 289: 287: 285: 283: 281: 279: 275: 272: 271: 266: 264: 259: 258: 253: 251: 249: 247: 245: 243: 241: 237: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 102: 101: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 28: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2433: 2431: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2298: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2227: 2225: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2194: 2182: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2012:Carboniferous 2008: 2007: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1938: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1883: 1881: 1869: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1835: 1833: 1830:(23.0–66.0 Ma) 1824: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1804:(2.58–23.0 Ma) 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1769: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1728: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1657:Pliocene Epoch 1654: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1639:Neogene Period 1637: 1635: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1585:External links 1583: 1582: 1581: 1560: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1521:(2): 343–358. 1501: 1439: 1398: 1335: 1332:on 2020-05-11. 1317: 1282: 1269: 1226: 1206:(3): 152–166. 1183: 1162: 1137:(4): 380–390. 1117: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 988: 985: 984: 983: 982: 981: 950: 947: 946: 945: 944: 943: 925: 922: 920: 917: 870:Lorenzo Pareto 861: 858: 852:Stages of the 789:in the middle 769: 768: 765: 761: 760: 719: 715: 714: 703: 699: 698: 695: 691: 690: 649: 645: 644: 641: 637: 636: 633: 629: 628: 623: 619: 618: 613: 609: 608: 604: 603: 602:ICS Time Scale 600: 596: 595: 588: 587:Regional usage 584: 583: 578: 577:Celestial body 574: 573: 569: 568: 565: 561: 560: 556: 555: 543: 539: 538: 534: 533: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513: 504: 502: 492: 491: 484: 482: 473: 469: 468: 464: 463: 459: 458: 454: 453: 445: 444: 436: 435: 427: 426: 418: 417: 409: 408: 400: 399: 391: 390: 382: 381: 373: 372: 364: 363: 353: 352: 338: 337: 317: 316: 306: 305: 297: 296: 274: 273: 261: 260: 236: 235: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 110: 109: 105: 104: 97: 96: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 35: 34: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2432: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2382: 2377: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2333: 2331: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2288: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191:(539 Ma–1 Ga) 2186: 2183: 2181: 2173: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1968:Paleozoic Era 1965: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878:(66.0–145 Ma) 1873: 1870: 1868: 1866:(66.0–252 Ma) 1860: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1652:Miocene Epoch 1650: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1443: 1440: 1429:on 2011-07-21 1425: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1339: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1307:on 2021-01-15 1303: 1296: 1294: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1270: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1121: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1003:Anoiapithecus 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 990: 986: 980: 978: 973: 970: 969: 968: 965: 964: 960: 955: 948: 942: 941: 936: 933: 932: 931: 928: 927: 923: 918: 916: 914: 913: 909: 905: 904: 898: 896: 892: 888: 887: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 859: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 840: 836: 832: 829: 825: 821: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 766: 762: 757: 728: 724: 720: 716: 713: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 627: 624: 620: 617: 614: 610: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 582: 579: 575: 570: 566: 562: 557: 554: 550: 547: 544: 540: 528: 527:, as of 2021. 526: 519: 509: 503: 498: 497: 488: 483: 478: 477: 474: 450: 440: 431: 422: 413: 404: 395: 386: 377: 369: 360: 348: 333: 313: 302: 301: 292: 291: 270: 269: 256: 255: 234: 117: 116: 111: 106: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 38: 32: 25: 20: 2400:Serravallian 2355: 2291:Archean Eon 2253:(1.6–2.5 Ga) 2138:(485–539 Ma) 2107:(444–485 Ma) 2071:(419–444 Ma) 2040:(359–419 Ma) 2014:(299–359 Ma) 1983:(252–299 Ma) 1971:(252–539 Ma) 1935:(201–252 Ma) 1904:(145–201 Ma) 1863:Mesozoic Era 1763:Cenozoic Era 1682:Serravallian 1681: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1552: 1548: 1518: 1514: 1504: 1458: 1452: 1442: 1431:. Retrieved 1424:the original 1419: 1415: 1401: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1338: 1330:the original 1320: 1309:. Retrieved 1302:the original 1292: 1285: 1277: 1272: 1260:. Retrieved 1246: 1242: 1229: 1217:. Retrieved 1203: 1199: 1186: 1177: 1165: 1154:. Retrieved 1134: 1130: 1120: 1095: 1091: 1084: 1063:notosuchians 1054:Barinasuchus 1052: 1032: 1026: 1001: 975: 967:Anseriformes 938: 919:Paleontology 910: 901: 899: 884: 881:nanoplankton 878: 863: 845: 828:Clarendonian 822:, the upper 814: 775:Serravallian 774: 772: 709: 522: 403:Serravallian 402: 298: 276: 262: 238: 22:Serravallian 2327:Hadean Eon 2105:Ordovician 1876:Cretaceous 1776:Quaternary 1672:Burdigalian 1579:(in French) 1262:26 December 1249:(1): 6–17. 1219:26 December 1034:Diporiphora 935:Otodontidae 930:Lamniformes 777:is, in the 751: / 705:LAD of the 681: / 385:Burdigalian 2394:Categories 2329:(4–4.6 Ga) 2293:(2.5–4 Ga) 2222:(1–1.6 Ga) 1828:Paleogene 1708:Piacenzian 1667:Aquitanian 1563:Pareto, L. 1539:Literature 1433:2007-02-06 1345:"When Did 1311:2013-03-09 1276:Gradstein 1156:2008-02-11 1072:References 891:chronozone 868:geologist 860:Definition 854:Paratethys 848:and upper 837:and lower 826:and lower 824:Barstovian 817:Astaracian 739:13°34′10″E 736:43°35′12″N 707:Haptophyte 669:14°20′10″E 666:35°54′50″N 607:Definition 439:Piacenzian 376:Aquitanian 108:Chronology 2356:See also: 2136:Cambrian 2069:Silurian 2038:Devonian 1933:Triassic 1902:Jurassic 1692:Messinian 1687:Tortonian 998:Hominidae 846:Sarmatian 810:Tortonian 559:Etymology 421:Messinian 412:Tortonian 1981:Permian 1802:Neogene 1703:Zanclean 1677:Langhian 1495:19487676 1393:25338197 1353:PLOS ONE 1243:Episodes 1200:Episodes 1023:Agamidae 1018:Squamata 1012:Reptiles 993:Primates 977:Clangula 972:Anatidae 883:species 850:Badenian 835:Laventan 833:and the 806:Langhian 590:Global ( 546:Tertiary 448:Gelasian 430:Zanclean 394:Langhian 367:Chattian 2405:Miocene 1486:2701031 1463:Bibcode 1384:4206505 1361:Bibcode 1151:3515337 1131:PALAIOS 1100:Bibcode 1049:sebecid 987:Mammals 866:Italian 791:Miocene 510:expands 508:prairie 500:← 480:← 225:– 215:– 205:– 195:– 185:– 175:– 165:– 155:– 145:– 135:– 125:– 98:↓ 2335:  1559:Press. 1493:  1483:  1391:  1381:  1280:(2004) 1278:et al. 1149:  1028:Pogona 940:Otodus 839:Mayoan 798:Series 723:Ancona 635:Formal 567:Formal 553:System 549:Period 470:  465:  460:  455:  1575:2(22) 1427:(PDF) 1412:(PDF) 1305:(PDF) 1298:(PDF) 1239:(PDF) 1196:(PDF) 1174:(PDF) 1147:JSTOR 1077:Notes 949:Birds 908:foram 794:Epoch 787:stage 785:or a 781:, an 727:Italy 657:Malta 626:Stage 581:Earth 1567:1865 1549:2004 1491:PMID 1454:PNAS 1389:PMID 1264:2020 1221:2020 1031:and 773:The 767:2003 697:2007 37:PreꞒ 1523:doi 1481:PMC 1471:doi 1459:106 1379:PMC 1369:doi 1251:doi 1208:doi 1139:doi 1108:doi 1096:142 1059:mya 1000:: † 979:sp. 937:: † 783:age 616:Age 592:ICS 525:ICS 2396:: 2351:Ga 2347:Ma 2343:ka 1569:: 1565:; 1555:, 1551:: 1547:; 1519:93 1517:. 1513:. 1489:. 1479:. 1469:. 1457:. 1451:. 1420:23 1414:. 1387:. 1377:. 1367:. 1355:. 1351:. 1247:28 1245:. 1241:. 1204:32 1202:. 1198:. 1176:. 1145:. 1135:12 1133:. 1129:. 1106:. 1094:. 1051:, 1025:: 974:: 812:. 802:Ma 725:, 655:, 347:o. 87:Pg 31:Ma 1747:e 1740:t 1733:v 1631:e 1624:t 1617:v 1531:. 1525:: 1499:. 1497:. 1473:: 1465:: 1436:. 1395:. 1371:: 1363:: 1357:9 1314:. 1266:. 1253:: 1223:. 1210:: 1180:. 1159:. 1141:: 1114:. 1110:: 1102:: 1065:. 796:/ 594:) 551:/ 358:C 356:P 345:i 343:l 341:P 332:e 330:n 328:e 326:c 324:o 322:i 320:M 311:C 309:O 300:Q 290:e 288:n 286:e 284:g 282:o 280:e 278:N 267:g 265:P 254:c 252:i 250:o 248:z 246:o 244:n 242:e 240:C 92:N 82:K 77:J 72:T 67:P 62:C 57:D 52:S 47:O 42:Ꞓ

Index

Ma
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
C
e
n
o
z
o
i
c

P
g

N
e
o
g
e
n
e

Q
O
C

M
i
o
c
e
n
e

P
l
i
o.

P
C

Chattian
Aquitanian
Burdigalian
Langhian
Serravallian
Tortonian
Messinian
Zanclean
Piacenzian

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