741:
been used as a weapon. The telson spine, serrated along the sides and exceeding the flattened telson in length, ends in a sharp tip and would likely have been capable of piercing prey. In pterygotids, it is likely that the cheliceral claws came to replace telson spikes as weaponry as the telson spikes of that family are relatively shorter than those of the
Slimonidae. However, this theory has been proven to be erroneous as the fossil specimen in question was a molt, rather than an actual carcass, and did show apparent signs of disarticulation.
717:(the large posterior section of the body) by moving the abdominal plates, as such undulations of the opisthosoma and telson would have acted as the propulsive method of the animal, rendering the swimming legs used by other eurypterid groups useless. Fossil evidence contradicts such an hypothesis however, as eurypterid bodies were stiff dorsally (up and down) and preserve no evidence for any sort of tapering or other mechanism that would have increased flexibility. Any flexing of the body would require muscular contractions, but no major
378:
136:
1982:
641:
2285:
109:
765:
632:
740:
of
Scotland preserves a complete and articulated series of telsonal, postabdominal and preabdominal segments. In the specimen, the "tail" is bent to a considerable degree previously unseen in any eurypterid. Capable of bending its tail from side to side, it has been theorised that the tail may have
360:
with the tail segments preserved in tight curves, suggesting that the tail segments were considerably more flexible than previously thought and would have been capable of considerable side-to-side movement. Unlike the related pterygotids, the slimonids did not possess robust and powerful cheliceral
780:
suborder. The
Slimonidae is often interpreted as a sister-taxon (the most closely related group) to the Pterygotidae. The other Pterygotioid family, the Hughmilleriidae, has also been interpreted as the most closely related sister-taxon to the pterygotids. The discovery of
791:. In particular, the similar appendages shared between the two genera suggested that the Slimonidae was the most closely related group to the Pterygotidae. Hughmilleriid eurypterids are thus seen as a group more basal than both the slimonids and the pterygotids.
721:(internal ridges of the exoskeleton that supports muscular attachments) or any muscle scars indicative of large opisthosomal muscles have been found. Instead, propulsion was likely generated by the sixth pair of appendages, the swimming legs used by other
816:. The partial lack of spines on the appendages of both slimonid genera unites them as a group and showcases that they are more derived than the hughmilleriids, on which spines appear on four to five of their
500:. Among these is the quadrate (square) shape of the carapace itself and the placement of the compound eyes on the frontal corners. Though they were closely related, the Slimonidae had small and non-developed
708:
The function of these specialized telsons has historically been controversial and disputed, and whilst study has mainly been focused on telsons within the
Pterygotidae, the similarity between the telson of
787:, currently the most primitive known pterygotid, allowed researchers to study its features which showed that the primitive pterygotid combined characteristics of more derived members of its own family and
606:, which was considered sufficiently distinct from the genera housed in its previous family, the Hughmilleriidae. After several features had been noted that suggested a close relationship between
748:
is very distinctive and though its function remains unknown (possibly used for additional balancing), it was likely not used as a weapon in the same way the telson of
1486:
Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2015. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider
Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at
756:
but the telson spike is far longer, forming something akin to a stem with knobs running alongside it and ending in a tri-lobed organ unseen in any other eurypterid.
713:
and its close relatives should mean that the function would likely have been similar. The pterygotids were hypothesized to have moved by undulating the entire
546:
erected a new genus to contain the species, as several distinctive characteristics made the species considerably different from other known species of
328:
eurypterids, which are famous for their cheliceral claws and great size. Many characteristics of the
Slimonidae, such as their flattened and expanded
2335:
356:
Both slimonid genera preserve flattened and expanded telsons that end in elongated telson spikes. The discovery of several articulated specimens of
2399:
1145:
Persons, W. Scott; Acorn, John (2017). "A Sea
Scorpion's Strike: New Evidence of Extreme Lateral Flexibility in the Opisthosoma of Eurypterids".
476:(a large plate part of the abdomen). As such it is difficult to establish exactly which traits distinguish the family as a whole from the other
2061:
2051:
1573:
443:(abdomen). The appendages were attached to the prosoma, and were characterized in slimonids as being non-spiniferous (lacking spines). The
562:" after Robert Slimon, honoring the Welsh fossil collector and surgeon who was the first to discover eurypterid fossils in Lesmahagow.
2013:
390:
Slimonid eurypterids ranged in size from 12 centimetres (5 inches) to 100 centimetres (39 inches) in length. The largest species was
339:, and the second to fifth pair of appendages being non-spiniferous. The family contains only two genera, the almost completely known
2028:
2272:
2056:
1998:
993:
2046:
2036:
1990:
2008:
2003:
2041:
2018:
583:. One of these specimens, BGS GSM Zf-2864 (discovered in 1939), revealed a very distinct telson and features similar to
1504:
Tetlie, O. Erik; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2009-09-01). "The origin of pterygotid eurypterids (Chelicerata: Eurypterida)".
1460:
Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1964). "A Synopsis of the Family
Pterygotidae Clarke and Ruedemann, 1912 (Eurypterida)".
1195:
Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1951). "Downtonian (Silurian) Eurypterida from Perton, near Stoke Edith, Herefordshire".
504:(frontal appendages) in comparison to the Pterygotidae, which possessed well-developed and powerful cheliceral claws.
432:
135:
599:
447:(the posteriormost division of the body) was expanded and flattened (similarly to the telsons of the more derived
2389:
1674:
1566:
988:
794:
The cladogram below is based on the conclusions drawn by O. Erik Tetlie (2004) on the phylogenetic positions of
1089:
Tollerton, V. P. (1989). "Morphology, taxonomy, and classification of the order
Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843".
1025:"Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
1981:
2394:
123:
2303:
1312:
Clarkson, Euan N.K.; Harper, David A.T. (2016). "Silurian of the
Midland Valley of Scotland and Ireland".
737:
543:
416:
369:
was likely not used as a weapon and was highly distinct and different from that of any other eurypterid.
335:
Slimonids are defined as pterygotioid eurypterids with swimming legs similar to those of the type genus,
2361:
565:
In the late 1800s and early 1900s new specimens were discovered of a previously fragmentary species of
377:
2288:
1559:
1513:
1423:
1414:
Plotnick, Roy E.; Baumiller, Tomasz K. (1988-01-01). "The pterygotid telson as a biological rudder".
1367:
1321:
1204:
1098:
1072:
702:
531:
332:(the posteriormost division of their bodies), support a close relationship between the two groups.
258:
1537:
1469:
1391:
1337:
1294:
1228:
1170:
1122:
655:
392:
252:
130:
118:
2366:
365:, although this theory is considered unlikely by contemporary researchers. The telson spike of
2348:
1877:
1810:
1802:
1529:
1439:
1383:
1286:
1220:
1162:
1114:
1064:
1046:
2353:
2217:
1931:
1923:
1913:
1905:
1885:
1856:
1772:
1721:
1521:
1431:
1375:
1329:
1278:
1212:
1154:
1106:
1054:
1038:
234:
1491:
2246:
2092:
1949:
1890:
1846:
1749:
1736:
1029:
998:
865:
796:
772:
Slimonid eurypterids are classified as part of the Pterygotioidea superfamily, within the
481:
396:, which was also the first slimonid to be described and is known from the Early to Middle
1358:
Tetlie, O. Erik (2006). "Eurypterida (Chelicerata) from the Welsh Borderlands, England".
804:
and the Pterygotioidea at large following his redescriptions of various eurypterids from
1517:
1427:
1371:
1325:
1208:
1102:
2162:
2120:
2078:
1941:
1868:
1828:
1820:
1744:
1435:
1059:
827:
773:
688:
684:
477:
321:
216:
203:
683:) is distinctive and shared only with the pterygotid eurypterids and with the derived
640:
2383:
2169:
2141:
2134:
2106:
2085:
1838:
1777:
1767:
1759:
1713:
1703:
1695:
1651:
1615:
1525:
1341:
1298:
1232:
916:
805:
661:
576:
453:
345:
276:
66:
1541:
1395:
1126:
1024:
108:
2127:
1959:
1895:
1851:
1726:
1174:
1003:
941:
841:
783:
448:
325:
305:
243:
361:
claws and as such, these telson spikes may have been the primary weaponry used by
2326:
2224:
2201:
2099:
1793:
1686:
1624:
1606:
777:
722:
714:
693:
440:
412:
177:
41:
2190:
2176:
2155:
2148:
2113:
1642:
1633:
1582:
1379:
1216:
1110:
764:
631:
587:(such as the last three opisthosomal segments tapering in a way similar to in
567:
535:
522:
501:
401:
309:
190:
86:
51:
1533:
1443:
1387:
1290:
1224:
1118:
1050:
2267:
2251:
2241:
1600:
1267:"III. On the Occurrence of Fossils in the Old Red Sandstone of Westmoreland"
697:
473:
350:
313:
167:
147:
91:
35:
1282:
1166:
1068:
1042:
2320:
2210:
2183:
899:
817:
539:
493:
472:, is less well known with its fossils only preserving the telson and the
405:
397:
383:
300:
284:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
28:
2340:
1473:
1253:
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part P Arthropoda 2, Chelicerata
809:
718:
580:
436:
424:
420:
96:
71:
1333:
1594:
650:
618:
was finally classified as a slimonid in 1989 by Victor P. Tollerton.
444:
428:
329:
157:
2297:
1266:
1158:
763:
415:, and other arthropods in general, slimonid eurypterids possessed
376:
752:
was. The flattened portion is trigonal and smaller than that of
451:
eurypterids) and ended in a thin and elongated telson spike. In
2301:
1555:
554:
lacking the large cheliceral claws otherwise characteristic of
1551:
591:), which suggested a close relation between this species and
308:
fossil collector and surgeon Robert Slimon) is a family of
732:
was very flexible laterally (side to side). A specimen of
468:
itself is very well known, the other genus of the family,
1492:
http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/fossils/Fossils16.0.pdf
461:
and ended in a tri-lobed structure unique to the genus.
614:(particularly similarities in the abdominal segments),
1487:
728:
Whilst stiff dorsally, fossil evidence suggests that
534:
in 1856 based on fossils that had been discovered in
484:), even though several defining traits are known of
457:, this telson spike was even more elongated than in
2310:
2260:
2234:
2200:
2070:
2027:
1989:
1940:
1922:
1904:
1876:
1865:
1837:
1819:
1801:
1790:
1758:
1735:
1712:
1694:
1683:
1667:
1660:
419:bodies and jointed appendages (limbs) covered in a
324:and the family most closely related to the derived
1271:Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society
768:Size comparison of the two genera in Slimonidae.
598:The family Slimonidae was erected as a taxon by
349:, which is known only from the telson and the
1567:
1023:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
8:
550:, among them the shape of the carapace and
431:. The chelicerate body is divided into two
2298:
1873:
1798:
1691:
1664:
1574:
1560:
1552:
107:
20:
1058:
679:, but not to the full extent of that of
1265:Nicholson, Henry Alleyne (1868-01-01).
1015:
298:(the name deriving from the type genus
1455:
1453:
520:, was first described as a species of
480:eurypterid families (Pterygotidae and
1409:
1407:
1405:
1353:
1351:
353:(a large plate part of the abdomen).
7:
1244:
1242:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1084:
1082:
496:(the "head"), which is not known in
891:
881:
857:
833:
823:
1436:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01746.x
671:The large and flattened telson of
14:
2284:
2283:
1980:
1526:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00907.x
639:
630:
320:were members of the superfamily
134:
2273:Timeline of eurypterid research
994:Timeline of eurypterid research
701:, where a flattened telson had
488:. Many of the unique traits of
124:Senckenberg Museum of Frankfurt
2400:Prehistoric arthropod families
312:, an extinct group of aquatic
1:
602:in 1962 to contain the genus
304:, which is named in honor of
16:Extinct family of eurypterids
2416:
600:Nestor Ivanovich Novojilov
2281:
1978:
1675:List of eurypterid genera
1589:
1380:10.1017/S0016756806002536
1217:10.1017/S0016756800068874
1111:10.1017/S0022336000041275
989:List of eurypterid genera
939:
913:
896:
889:
879:
862:
855:
838:
831:
675:(it is also flattened in
662:Salteropterus abbreviatus
271:
266:
249:
242:
131:Scientific classification
129:
115:
106:
23:
435:(sections); the frontal
1462:Journal of Paleontology
1147:The American Naturalist
1091:Journal of Paleontology
558:. The genus was named "
1283:10.1144/transed.1.1.15
1043:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
769:
738:Patrick Burn Formation
387:
2362:Paleobiology Database
1073:Supplemental material
767:
439:(head) and posterior
380:
703:convergently evolved
528:Pterygotus acuminata
512:The type species of
1518:2009Palgy..52.1141T
1428:1988Letha..21...13P
1372:2006GeoM..143..723T
1360:Geological Magazine
1326:2016GeolT..32..195C
1251:1955. Merostomata.
1209:1951GeoM...88....1K
1197:Geological Magazine
1103:1989JPal...63..642T
532:John William Salter
508:History of research
1803:Onychopterelloidea
1488:http://wsc.nmbe.ch
770:
734:Slimonia acuminata
656:Slimonia acuminata
393:Slimonia acuminata
388:
381:Reconstruction of
253:Slimonia acuminata
119:Slimonia acuminata
2377:
2376:
2349:Open Tree of Life
2304:Taxon identifiers
2295:
2294:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1924:Adelophthalmoidea
1906:Waeringopteroidea
1878:Carcinosomatoidea
1811:Onychopterellidae
1786:
1785:
1334:10.1111/gto.12152
979:
978:
970:
969:
961:
960:
952:
951:
928:
927:
542:. That same year
492:are found in the
293:
292:
238:
2407:
2390:Silurian animals
2370:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2261:Related articles
2218:Merostomichnites
1984:
1932:Adelophthalmidae
1914:Waeringopteridae
1886:Carcinosomatidae
1874:
1857:Strobilopteridae
1799:
1773:Hibbertopteridae
1722:Parastylonuridae
1692:
1665:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1512:(5): 1141β1148.
1501:
1495:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1411:
1400:
1399:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1062:
1020:
892:
882:
858:
834:
824:
820:(leg segments).
643:
634:
233:
228:
215:
202:
189:
139:
138:
111:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2306:
2296:
2291:
2277:
2256:
2247:Chasmataspidida
2230:
2196:
2093:Campylocephalus
2066:
2023:
1985:
1964:
1950:Hughmilleriidae
1936:
1918:
1900:
1891:Megalograptidae
1867:
1861:
1847:Dolichopteridae
1833:
1821:Moselopteroidea
1815:
1792:
1782:
1768:Drepanopteridae
1754:
1750:Hardieopteridae
1737:Kokomopteroidea
1731:
1708:
1685:
1679:
1656:
1585:
1580:
1550:
1549:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1490:, version 16.0
1485:
1481:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1194:
1193:
1182:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1030:Biology Letters
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:
999:Hughmilleriidae
985:
980:
971:
962:
953:
929:
866:Herefordopterus
797:Herefordopterus
776:infraorder and
762:
669:
668:
667:
666:
646:
645:
644:
636:
635:
624:
510:
482:Hughmilleriidae
411:Like all other
375:
262:
256:
232:
226:
213:
200:
187:
133:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2395:Pterygotioidea
2392:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2358:
2345:
2332:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2235:Related groups
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2163:Onychopterella
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2121:Hibbertopterus
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2079:Adelophthalmus
2074:
2072:
2071:Notable genera
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1942:Pterygotioidea
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1869:Diploperculata
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1829:Moselopteridae
1825:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:Kokomopteridae
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1696:Rhenopteroidea
1689:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1496:
1479:
1468:(2): 331β361.
1449:
1401:
1366:(5): 723β735.
1347:
1320:(5): 195β200.
1304:
1257:
1238:
1180:
1159:10.1086/691967
1153:(1): 152β156.
1132:
1097:(5): 642β657.
1078:
1037:(2): 265β269.
1014:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
955:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:
925:
922:
921:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
895:
890:
888:
880:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
861:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
837:
832:
830:
828:Pterygotioidea
822:
774:Diploperculata
761:
760:Classification
758:
744:The telson of
689:Hibbertopterus
685:hibbertopterid
648:
647:
638:
637:
629:
628:
627:
626:
625:
623:
620:
573:E. abbreviatus
509:
506:
374:
371:
322:Pterygotioidea
291:
290:
289:
288:
280:
269:
268:
264:
263:
257:
247:
246:
240:
239:
224:
220:
219:
217:Pterygotioidea
211:
207:
206:
204:Diploperculata
198:
194:
193:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
122:housed at the
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
39:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2412:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
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2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2170:Pentecopterus
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2142:Megalograptus
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:Jaekelopterus
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:Drepanopterus
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2086:Brachyopterus
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2062:South America
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:North America
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Carboniferous
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:Geochronology
1988:
1983:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1839:Eurypteroidea
1836:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1779:
1778:Mycteroptidae
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:Mycteropoidea
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1714:Stylonuroidea
1711:
1705:
1704:Rhenopteridae
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1676:
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1659:
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1652:Sclerophorata
1649:
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1637:
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1631:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:
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1616:Euchelicerata
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1602:
1598:
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1506:Palaeontology
1500:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
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1361:
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1314:Geology Today
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947:
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
924:
923:
920:
919:
918:
917:Salteropterus
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
901:
894:
893:
887:
884:
883:
877:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
867:
860:
859:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
843:
836:
835:
829:
826:
825:
821:
819:
815:
814:Salteropterus
811:
807:
806:Herefordshire
803:
802:Salteropterus
799:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
779:
775:
766:
759:
757:
755:
751:
747:
746:Salteropterus
742:
739:
735:
731:
726:
725:eurypterids.
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
704:
700:
699:
695:
691:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:Salteropterus
674:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
642:
633:
621:
619:
617:
616:Salteropterus
613:
609:
608:Salteropterus
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Herefordshire
574:
570:
569:
563:
561:
557:
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549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
507:
505:
503:
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498:Salteropterus
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Salteropterus
467:
462:
460:
456:
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454:Salteropterus
450:
446:
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430:
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422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
386:
385:
379:
372:
370:
368:
367:Salteropterus
364:
359:
354:
352:
348:
347:
346:Salteropterus
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:
297:
287:
286:
281:
279:
278:
277:Salteropterus
273:
272:
270:
265:
260:
255:
254:
248:
245:
241:
236:
231:
225:
222:
221:
218:
212:
210:Superfamily:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
195:
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186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
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159:
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137:
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128:
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114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
34:436β419
30:
22:
19:
2311:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2128:Hughmilleria
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
1960:Pterygotidae
1954:
1896:Mixopteridae
1852:Eurypteridae
1727:Stylonuridae
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1482:
1465:
1461:
1422:(1): 13β27.
1419:
1415:
1363:
1359:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1277:(1): 15β18.
1274:
1270:
1260:
1252:
1200:
1196:
1150:
1146:
1094:
1090:
1034:
1028:
1018:
1004:Pterygotidae
942:Pterygotidae
940:
915:
914:
898:
897:
885:
864:
863:
842:Hughmilleria
840:
839:
813:
812:, including
801:
795:
793:
788:
784:Ciurcopterus
782:
771:
753:
749:
745:
743:
733:
729:
727:
710:
707:
696:
687:
680:
676:
672:
670:
660:
654:
622:Paleobiology
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
592:
588:
584:
572:
566:
564:
559:
555:
552:P. acuminata
551:
547:
527:
521:
518:S. acuminata
517:
513:
511:
497:
489:
485:
478:pterygotioid
469:
465:
463:
458:
452:
423:composed of
413:chelicerates
410:
391:
389:
382:
366:
362:
357:
355:
344:
340:
336:
334:
317:
299:
295:
294:
283:
275:
251:
244:Type species
229:
197:Infraorder:
117:
18:
2225:Palmichnium
2202:Ichnogenera
2100:Carcinosoma
1794:Eurypterina
1687:Stylonurina
1625:Prosomapoda
1607:Chelicerata
1605:Subphylum:
1583:Eurypterids
1203:(1): 1β24.
778:Eurypterina
723:eurypterine
715:opisthosoma
694:mycteroptid
659:(left) and
441:opisthosoma
373:Description
310:eurypterids
191:Eurypterida
178:Chelicerata
174:Subphylum:
2384:Categories
2312:Slimonidae
2191:Stylonurus
2177:Pterygotus
2156:Mixopterus
2149:Megarachne
2114:Eurypterus
1999:Ordovician
1955:Slimonidae
1866:Infraorder
1643:Dekatriata
1634:Planaterga
1601:Arthropoda
1249:StΓΈrmer, L
1010:References
886:Slimonidae
568:Eurypterus
556:Pterygotus
548:Pterygotus
544:David Page
536:Lesmahagow
523:Pterygotus
502:chelicerae
449:pterygotid
402:Lesmahagow
326:pterygotid
314:arthropods
296:Slimonidae
230:Slimonidae
168:Arthropoda
116:Fossil of
24:Slimonidae
2327:Q21589382
2268:Metastoma
2252:Xiphosura
2242:Arachnida
2029:Geography
1593:Kingdom:
1534:1475-4983
1444:1502-3931
1388:1469-5081
1342:132275962
1299:131539776
1291:0371-6260
1233:129056637
1225:1469-5081
1119:0022-3360
1051:1744-9561
818:podomeres
736:from the
698:Hastimima
474:metastoma
417:segmented
351:metastoma
318:Slimonids
235:Novojilov
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
2321:Wikidata
2289:Category
2211:Arcuites
2184:Slimonia
2009:Devonian
2004:Silurian
1791:Suborder
1684:Suborder
1661:Taxonomy
1599:Phylum:
1595:Animalia
1542:84268058
1396:83835591
1255:, P: 30.
1167:28617636
1127:46953627
1069:19828493
983:See also
900:Slimonia
789:Slimonia
754:Slimonia
750:Slimonia
730:Slimonia
719:apodemes
711:Slimonia
681:Slimonia
673:Slimonia
612:Slimonia
604:Slimonia
593:Slimonia
589:Slimonia
585:Slimonia
560:Slimonia
540:Scotland
514:Slimonia
494:carapace
490:Slimonia
486:Slimonia
466:Slimonia
459:Slimonia
425:proteins
406:Scotland
398:Silurian
384:Slimonia
363:Slimonia
358:Slimonia
341:Slimonia
337:Slimonia
301:Slimonia
285:Slimonia
223:Family:
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
29:Silurian
2354:7906357
2341:9093244
2057:Oceania
2019:Permian
1514:Bibcode
1474:1301554
1424:Bibcode
1416:Lethaia
1368:Bibcode
1322:Bibcode
1205:Bibcode
1175:3891482
1099:Bibcode
1060:2865068
810:England
665:(right)
651:telsons
581:England
464:Though
437:prosoma
433:tagmata
421:cuticle
330:telsons
267:Genera
184:Order:
2367:286979
2047:Europe
2037:Africa
1668:Genera
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237:, 1962
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1621:Clade
1612:Clade
1538:S2CID
1470:JSTOR
1392:S2CID
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1229:S2CID
1171:S2CID
1123:S2CID
575:, in
306:Welsh
2336:GBIF
2042:Asia
1530:ISSN
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1287:ISSN
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1163:PMID
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649:The
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