Surname - Knowledge (XXG)

1011:

surnames needed them. In 1526, King Frederik I of Denmark-Norway ordered that noble families must take up fixed surnames, and many of them took as their name some element of their coat of arms; for example, the Rosenkrantz ("rose wreath") family took their surname from a wreath of roses comprising the torse of their arms, and the Gyldenstierne ("golden star") family took theirs from a 7-pointed gold star on their shield. Subsequently, many middle-class Scandinavian families desired names similar to those of the nobles and adopted "ornamental" surnames as well. Most other naming traditions refer to them as "acquired". They might be given to people newly immigrated, conquered, or converted, as well as those with unknown parentage, formerly enslaved, or from parentage without a surname tradition.

2262:, the custom is for people to have two surnames, with the first surname coming from the father and the second from the mother; the opposite order is now legally allowed in Spain but still unusual. In informal situations typically only the first one is used, although both are needed for legal purposes. A child's first surname will usually be their father's first surname, while the child's second surname will usually be their mother's first surname. For example, if José García Torres and María Acosta Gómez had a child named Pablo, then his full name would be Pablo García Acosta. One family member's relationship to another can often be identified by the various combinations and permutations of surnames. 3012: 2762:

either parent) and a maximum of six names (two first names and four surnames – he or she may have up to four surnames in any order desired picked up from the total of his/her parents and grandparents' surnames). The use of any surname outside this lot, or of more than six names, is legally possible, but it requires dealing with bureaucracy. Parents or the person him/herself must explain the claims they have to bear that surname (a family nickname, a rare surname lost in past generations, or any other reason one may find suitable). In Brazil, there is no limit of surnames used.

1842:

by a possessive suffix (Novák/Nováková, Hromada/Hromadová). In Czech and Slovak, the pure possessive would be Novákova, Hromadova, but the surname evolved to a more adjectivized form Nováková, Hromadová, to suppress the historical possessivity. Some rare types of surnames are universal and gender-neutral: examples in Czech are Janů, Martinů, Fojtů, Kovářů. These are the archaic form of the possessive, related to the plural name of the family. Such rare surnames are also often used for transgender persons during transition because most common surnames are gender-specific.

2049:. For instance, when John Smith and Mary Jones marry each other, they may become known as "John Smith-Jones" and "Mary Smith-Jones". A spouse may also opt to use their birth name as a middle name, and e.g. become known as "Mary Jones Smith". An additional option, although rarely practiced, is the adoption of the last name derived from a blend of the prior names, such as "Simones", which also requires a legal name change. Some couples keep their own last names but give their children hyphenated or combined surnames. 409:. In Western Europe, where Germanic culture dominated the aristocracy, family names were almost non-existent. They would not significantly reappear again in Eastern Roman society until the 10th century, apparently influenced by the familial affiliations of the Armenian military aristocracy. The practice of using family names spread through the Eastern Roman Empire, however it was not until the 11th century that surnames came to be used in West Europe. 413:

Spanish-speaking world today. Other sources of surnames are personal appearance or habit, e.g. Delgado ("thin") and Moreno ("dark"); geographic location or ethnicity, e.g. Alemán ("German"); and occupations, e.g. Molinero ("miller"), Zapatero ("shoe-maker") and Guerrero ("warrior"), although occupational names are much more often found in a shortened form referring to the trade itself, e.g. Molina ("mill"), Guerra ("war"), or Zapata (archaic form of

2723:, but also sometimes even in the Hispanic world, since many Hispanics are unfamiliar with this and other compound surnames, "Paz y Miño" might be inadvertently mistaken as "Paz" for the paternal surname and "Miño" for the maternal surname. Although Miño did start off as the maternal surname in this compound surname, it was many generations ago, around five centuries, that it became compounded, and henceforth inherited and passed on as a compound. 2571:, the family's nickname is used instead of the surname: if one family is known as "Ñecos" because of an ancestor who was known as "Ñecu", they would be "José el de Ñecu" or "Ana la de Ñecu" (collective: the Ñeco's). Some common nicknames are "Rubiu" (blond or red hair), "Roju" (reddish, referring to their red hair), "Chiqui" (small), "Jinchu" (big), and a bunch of names about certain characteristics, family relationship or geographical origin ( 3000:

along with the institution of civil registries, all children now have surnames. During the mid-20th century, under French influence and among upper classes, women started to take up their husbands' surname(s). From the 1960s onwards, this usage spread to the common people, again under French influence, this time, however, due to the forceful legal adoption of their husbands' surname which was imposed onto Portuguese immigrant women in France.

428:. Evidence indicates that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and slowly spread to other parts of society. Some of the early Norman nobility who arrived in England during the Norman conquest differentiated themselves by affixing 'de' (of) before the name of their village in France. This is what is known as a territorial surname, a consequence of feudal landownership. By the 14th century, most 632: 1858:

with the ending "-s" – "Iron", ("iron"), "rock", 2) as well as surnames of both genders, which are written in the same nominative case because corresponds to nouns in the third declension ending in "-us" "Grigus", "Markus"; 3) surnames based on an adjective have indefinite suffixes typical of adjectives "-s, -a" ("Stalts", "Stalta") or the specified endings "-ais, -ā" ("Čaklais", "Čaklā") ("diligent").

2121: 54: 153: 1891:-owa. In Lithuania, if the husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his unmarried daughter will be named Vilkaitė. Male surnames have suffixes -as, -is, -ius, or -us, unmarried girl surnames aitė, -ytė, -iūtė or -utė, wife surnames -ienė. These suffixes are also used for foreign names, exclusively for grammar; Welby, the surname of 2988:". He was often referred to in 12th-century documents as "Soeiro Mendes, senhor da Maia", Soeiro Mendes, lord of Maia. Noblewomen also bore patronymics and surnames in the same manner and never bore their husband's surnames. First-born males bore their father's surname, other children bore either both or only one of them at their will. 1444:, for instance, likely arose either in or near Lucania or in the family of someone named Lucas or Lucius; in some instances, however, the name may have arisen from Lucca, with the spelling and pronunciation changing over time and with emigration. The same name may appear in different cultures by coincidence or romanization; the surname 2761:

Each person usually has two family names: though the law specifies no order, the first one is usually the maternal family name, whereas the last one is commonly the paternal family name. In Portugal, a person's full name has a minimum legal length of two names (one given name and one family name from

2539:

A new trend in the United States for Hispanics is to hyphenate their father's and mother's last names. This is done because American-born English-speakers are not aware of the Hispanic custom of using two last names and thus mistake the first last name of the individual for a middle name. In doing so

2448:

corresponding to "Mrs Gómez"). Feminist activists have criticized this custom as they consider it sexist. In some countries, this form may be mainly social and not an official name change, i.e. her name would still legally be her birth name. This custom, begun in medieval times, is decaying and only

1938:

and, according to law or custom, is passed or given to children from at least one of their parents' family names. The use of family names is common in most cultures around the world, but each culture has its own rules as to how the names are formed, passed, and used. However, the style of having both

1853:

In Greece, if a man called Papadopoulos has a daughter, she will likely be named Papadopoulou (if the couple has decided their offspring will take his surname), the genitive form, as if the daughter is "of" a man named Papadopoulos. Likewise, the surnames of daughters of males with surnames ending in

1849:

Generally, inflected languages use names and surnames as living words, not as static identifiers. Thus, the pair or the family can be named by a plural form which can differ from the singular male and female form. For instance, when the male form is Novák and the female form Nováková, the family name

1605:

In English and other languages like Spanish—although the usual order of names is "first middle last"—for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by a comma, and

3007:

onwards the adoption of their husbands' surname(s) receded again, and today both the adoption and non-adoption occur, with non-adoption being chosen in the majority of cases in recent years (60%). Also, it is legally possible for the husband to adopt his wife's surname(s), but this practice is rare.

2777:

The custom of a woman changing her name upon marriage is recent. It spread in the late 19th century in the upper classes, under French influence, and in the 20th century, particularly during the 1930s and 1940, it became socially almost obligatory. Nowadays, fewer women adopt, even officially, their

2715:

is in fact the paternal surname, being a true compound surname. His children, therefore, would inherit the compound surname "Paz y Miño" as their paternal surname, while Estrella would be lost, since the mother's paternal surname becomes the children's second surname (as their own maternal surname).

2710:

as his first given name, Telmo as his middle name, the true compound surname Paz y Miño as his first (i.e. paternal) surname, and Estrella as his second (i.e. maternal) surname. Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella is also known more casually as Luis Paz y Miño, Telmo Paz y Miño, or Luis Telmo Paz y Miño.

2563:

and in Cuba, people are often informally known by the name of their dwelling or collective family nickname rather than by their surnames. For example, Remei Pujol i Serra who lives at Ca l'Elvira would be referred to as "Remei de Ca l'Elvira"; and Adela Barreira López who is part of the "Provisores"

2535:

Some Hispanic people, after leaving their country, drop their maternal surname, even if not formally, so as to better fit into the non-Hispanic society they live or work in. Similarly, foreigners with just one surname may be asked to provide a second surname on official documents in Spanish-speaking

2531:

Sometimes, for single mothers or when the father would or could not recognize the child, the mother's surname has been used twice: for example, "Ana Reyes Reyes". In Spain, however, children with just one parent receive both surnames of that parent, although the order may also be changed. In 1973 in

1914:

The common Celtic prefixes "Ó" or "Ua" (descendant of) and "Mac" or "Mag" (son of) can be spelled with the prefix as a separate word, yielding "Ó Briain" or "Mac Millan" as well as the anglicized "O'Brien" and "MacMillan" or "Macmillan". Other Irish prefixes include Ní, Nic (daughter of the son of),

1910:

Many surnames include prefixes that may or may not be separated by a space or punctuation from the main part of the surname. These are usually not considered true compound names, rather single surnames are made up of more than one word. These prefixes often give hints about the type or origin of the

1857:

Latvian, like Lithuanian, use strictly feminized surnames for women, even in the case of foreign names. The function of the suffix is purely grammar. Male surnames ending -e or -a need not be modified for women. An exception is 1) the female surnames which correspond to nouns in the sixth declension

1841:

In Slavic languages, substantivized adjective surnames have commonly symmetrical adjective variants for males and females (Podwiński/Podwińska in Polish, Nový/Nová in Czech or Slovak, etc.). In the case of nominative and quasi-nominative surnames, the female variant is derived from the male variant

225:

While the use of given names to identify individuals is attested in the oldest historical records, the advent of surnames is relatively recent. Many cultures have used and continue to use additional descriptive terms in identifying individuals. These terms may indicate personal attributes, location

196:

Depending on culture, the surname may be placed at either the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not

2999:

Until the end of the 19th century, it was common for women, especially those from a very poor background, not to have a surname and so to be known only by their first names. A woman would then adopt her husband's full surname after marriage. With the advent of republicanism in Brazil and Portugal,

2014:

in 1855, and there has been a general increase in the rate of women using their birth name. Beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, traditional naming practices (writes one commentator) were recognized as "com into conflict with current sensitivities about children's and women's rights".

2001:

In the Middle Ages, when a man from a lower-status family married an only daughter from a higher-status family, he would often adopt the wife's family name. In the 18th and 19th centuries in Britain, bequests were sometimes made contingent upon a man's changing (or hyphenating) his family name, so

1958:

denied paternity, the newborn child would have the surname of the mother. That is still the custom or law in many countries. The surname for children of married parents is usually inherited from the father. In recent years, there has been a trend towards equality of treatment in relation to family

1890:

used different female forms for unmarried daughters (Jordanojc, Nowcyc, Kubašec, Markulic), and for wives (Nowakowa, Budarka, Nowcyna, Markulina). In Polish, typical surnames for unmarried women ended -ówna, -anka, or -ianka, while the surnames of married women used the possessive suffixes -ina or

1218:

Location names, or habitation names, may be as generic as "Monte" (Portuguese for "mountain"), "Górski" (Polish for "hill"), or "Pitt" (variant of "pit"), but may also refer to specific locations. "Washington", for instance, is thought to mean "the homestead of the family of Wassa", while "Lucci"

1205:

Location (toponymic, habitation) names derive from the inhabited location associated with the person given that name. Such locations can be any type of settlement, such as homesteads, farms, enclosures, villages, hamlets, strongholds, or cottages. One element of a habitation name may describe the

1010:

are made up of names, not specific to any attribute (place, parentage, occupation, caste) of the first person to acquire the name, and stem from the middle class's desire for their own hereditary names like the nobles. They were generally acquired later in history and generally when those without

2072:

now permits parents to give their children the family name of either their father, mother, or hyphenation of both – although no more than two names can be hyphenated. In cases of disagreement, both names are used in alphabetical order. This brought France into line with a 1978 declaration by the

514:

During the modern era many cultures around the world adopted family names, particularly for administrative reasons, especially during the age of European expansion and particularly since 1600. The Napoleonic Code, adopted in various parts of Europe, stipulated that people should be known by both

2773:

are somewhat different from the ones in Spain. In the Spanish tradition, usually, the father's surname comes first, followed by the mother's surname, whereas in Portuguese-speaking countries the father's name is the last, mother's coming first. A woman may adopt her husband's surname(s), but

2393:

In Spain, feminist activism pushed for a law approved in 1999 that allows an adult to change the order of his/her family names, and parents can also change the order of their children's family names if they (and the child, if over 12) agree, although this order must be the same for all their

964:

This is the broadest class of surnames, originating from nicknames, encompassing many types of origin. These include names based on appearance such as "Schwartzkopf", "Short", and possibly "Caesar", and names based on temperament and personality such as "Daft", "Gutman", and "Maiden", which,

204:

in England. English surnames began as a way of identifying a certain aspect of that individual, such as by trade, father's name, location of birth, or physical features, and were not necessarily inherited. By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted the use of

412:

Medieval Spain used a patronymic system. For example, Álvaro, a son of Rodrigo, would be named Álvaro Rodríguez. His son, Juan, would not be named Juan Rodríguez, but Juan Álvarez. Over time, many of these patronymics became family names, and they are some of the most common names in the

1953:

vary around the world. Traditionally in many European countries for the past few hundred years, it was the custom or the law for a woman, upon marriage, to use her husband's surname and for any children born to bear the father's surname. If a child's paternity was not known, or if the

1881:

Some Slavic cultures originally distinguished the surnames of married and unmarried women by different suffixes, but this distinction is no longer widely observed. Some Czech dialects (Southwest-Bohemian) use the form "Novákojc" as informal for both genders. In the culture of the

2797:, social significance, or other reasons. For example, is not uncommon for the firstborn male to be given the father's full name followed by "Júnior" or "Filho" (son), and the next generation's firstborn male to be given the grandfather's name followed by "Neto" (grandson). Hence 2540:

they would, for example, mistakenly refer to Esteban Álvarez Cobos as Esteban A. Cobos. Such confusion can be particularly troublesome in official matters. To avoid such mistakes, Esteban Álvarez Cobos, would become Esteban Álvarez-Cobos, to clarify that both are last names.

1210:

elements are frequently found in the second element of habitational names. The habitative elements in such names can differ in meaning, according to different periods, different locations, or with being used with certain other elements. For example, the Old English element

2424:

In Spain, a woman does not generally change her legal surname when she marries. In some Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, a woman may, on her marriage, drop her mother's surname and add her husband's surname to her father's surname using the preposition

1959:

names, with women being not automatically required, expected or, in some places, even forbidden, to take the husband's surname on marriage, with the children not automatically being given the father's surname. In this article, both family name and surname mean the

2477:, and to a certain extent in Mexico (where it is optional but becoming obsolete), but is frowned upon by people in Spain, Cuba, and elsewhere. In Peru and the Dominican Republic, women normally conserve all family names after getting married. For example, if 2711:

He would never be regarded as Luis Estrella, Telmo Estrella, or Luis Telmo Estrella, nor as Luis Paz, Telmo Paz, or Luis Telmo Paz. This is because "Paz" alone is not his surname (although other people use the "Paz" surname on its own). In this case,

1947:, with some cultures not using family names. Issues of family name arise especially on the passing of a name to a newborn child, the adoption of a common family name on marriage, the renunciation of a family name, and the changing of a family name. 2018:

Naming conventions in the US have gone through periods of flux, however, and the 1990s saw a decline in the percentage of name retention among women. As of 2006, more than 80% of American women adopted the husband's family name after marriage.

1591:. Recently, integration into the EU and increased communications with foreigners prompted many Samis to reverse the order of their full name to given name followed by surname, to avoid their given name being mistaken for and used as a surname. 479:, with project leader Richard Coates calling the study "more detailed and accurate" than those before. He elaborated on the origins: "Some surnames have origins that are occupational – obvious examples are Smith and Baker. Other names can be 5009:

Kelly, 99 W Va L Rev at 10; see id. at 10 n 25 (The custom of taking the father's surname assumes that the child is born to parents in a "state-sanctioned marriage". The custom is different for children born to unmarried parents.). Cited in

1989:

of England (reigned 1509–1547) ordered that marital births be recorded under the surname of the father. In England and cultures derived from there, there has long been a tradition for a woman to change her surname upon marriage from her

1559:, it is common to reverse the order of the given and family names for the convenience of Westerners, so that they know which name is the family name for official/formal purposes. Reversing the order of names for the same reason is also 2774:

nevertheless, she usually keeps her birth name or at least the last one. Since 1977 in Portugal and 2012 in Brazil, a husband can also adopt his wife's surname. When this happens, usually both spouses change their name after marriage.

1238:, it is uncommon, but not unprecedented, to find surnames derived from names of countries, such as Portugal, França, Brasil, Holanda. Surnames derived from country names are also found in English, such as "England", "Wales", "Spain". 188:

of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times the "hereditary" requirement is a traditional, although common, interpretation, since in most countries a person has a right for a

4749:

The Celtic Englishes IV: The interface between English and the Celtic languages; Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22–26 September

4641:

Differences in publication behaviour between female and male scientists. Bibliometric analysis of longitudinal data from 1980 to 2005 with regard to gender differences in productivity and involvement, collaboration and citation

1536:

Since family names are normally written last in European societies, the terms last name or surname are commonly used for the family name, while in Japan (with vertical writing) the family name may be referred to as "upper name"

2054: 197:

all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. Compound surnames can be composed of separate names.

3747: 2693:

Beyond the seemingly "compound" surname system in the Spanish-speaking world, there are also true compound surnames. These true compound surnames are passed on and inherited as compounds. For instance, former chairman of the

2009:

The United States followed the naming customs and practices of English common law and traditions until recent times. The first known instance in the United States of a woman insisting on the use of her birth name was that of

1151:(smith). There are also more complicated names based on occupational titles. In England it was common for servants to take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter 2015:

Those changes accelerated a shift away from the interests of the parents to a focus on the best interests of the child. The law in this area continues to evolve today mainly in the context of paternity and custody actions.

1480:

and European-influenced cultures in the Americas, Oceania, etc., as well as West Asia/North Africa, South Asia, and most Sub-Saharan African cultures), the surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal,

515:

their given name(s) and a family name that would not change across generations. Other notable examples include the Netherlands (1795–1811), Japan (1870s), Thailand (1920), and Turkey (1934). The structure of the

2991:

Only during the Early Modern Age, lower-class males started to use at least one surname; married lower-class women usually took up their spouse's surname, since they rarely ever used one beforehand. After the

1845:

The informal dialectal female form in Polish and Czech dialects was also -ka (Pawlaczka, Kubeška). With the exception of the -ski/-ska suffix, most feminine forms of surnames are seldom observed in Polish.

2044:

It is exceedingly rare but does occur in the United States, where a married couple may choose an entirely new last name by going through a legal change of name. As an alternative, both spouses may adopt a

1048:. Such abandoned children might be claimed and named by religious figures, the community leaders, or adoptive parents. Some such children were given surnames that reflected their condition, like (Italian) 1231:. This is thought to be due to the tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages for migration to chiefly be from smaller communities to the cities and the need for new arrivals to choose a defining surname. 1064:, Abbandonata, or (Dutch) Vondeling, Verlaeten, Bijstand. Other children were named for the street/place they were found (Union, Liquorpond (street), di Palermo, Baan, Bijdam, van den Eyngel (shop name), 8163: 2088:(1983), Finland (1985) and Spain (1999). The European Community has been active in eliminating gender discrimination. Several cases concerning discrimination in family names have reached the courts. 279:

and it was common for people to derive their surname from a distant ancestor, and historically the surname would be often preceded with 'ibn' or 'son of'. Arab family names often denote either one's

502:

In the modern era, governments have enacted laws to require people to adopt surnames. This served the purpose of uniquely identifying subjects for taxation purposes or for inheritance. In the late

2107:). This was seen as discriminatory by a part of the public. Since 1 January 2022, Czech women can decide for themselves whether they want to use the feminine or neutral form of their family name. 5528: 5415: 3572: 1583:, depending on the circumstances of their names, either saw no change or did see a transformation of their name. For example: Sire in some cases became Siri, and Hætta Jáhkoš Ásslat became 2058:("CEDAW"), which declared in effect that women and men, and specifically wife and husband, shall have the same rights to choose a "family name", as well as a profession and an occupation. 2736:, Spain is known for its incidence of true compound surnames, characterized for having the first portion of the surname as a patronymic, normally a Spanish patronymic or more unusually a 3275:

Haas, Ann; Elliott, Marc N; Dembosky, Jacob W; Adams, John L; Wilson-Frederick, Shondelle M; Mallett, Joshua S; Gaillot, Sarah; Haffer, Samuel C; Haviland, Amelia M (1 February 2019).

2061:

In some places, civil rights lawsuits or constitutional amendments changed the law so that men could also easily change their married names (e.g., in British Columbia and California).

5434:"Real Decreto 193/2000, de 11 de febrero, de modificación de determinados artículos del Reglamento del Registro Civil en materia relativa al nombre y apellidos y orden de los mismos" 5199: 3743: 2037:). Upon marriage to a woman, men in the United States can change their surnames to that of their wives, or adopt a combination of both names with the federal government, through the 2996:, Portuguese authorities realized the benefits of enforcing the use and registry of surnames. Henceforth, they became mandatory, although the rules for their use were very liberal. 5572: 530:

In Breslau Prussia enacted the Hoym Ordinance in 1790, mandating the adoption of Jewish surnames. Napoleon also insisted on Jews adopting fixed names in a decree issued in 1808.

1014:

Ornamental surnames are more common in communities that adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries. They occur commonly in Scandinavia, and among

241:(1600 to 1046 BC) they had become patrilineal. Chinese women do not change their names upon marriage. In China, surnames have been the norm since at least the 2nd century BC. 4387: 2980:

In Medieval times, Portuguese nobility started to use one of their estates' names or the name of the town or village they ruled as their surname, just after their patronymic.

2100:

challenged prohibitions on women using their surname as the family name, an option only available to men. The Court found all these laws to be in violation of the convention.

2543:

In some churches, such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, where the family structure is emphasized, as well as a legal marriage, the wife is referred to as "

5600:(Princeton University Press; 2014) 384 pages; uses statistical data on family names over generations to estimate social mobility in diverse societies and historical periods. 1864:

Finnish used gender-specific suffixes up to 1929 when the Marriage Act forced women to use the husband's form of the surname. In 1985, this clause was removed from the act.

5388: 1171:

could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval

3825: 2092:

challenged the lack of an option for husbands to add the wife's surname to his surname, which they had chosen as the family name when this option was available for women.

5328: 5165: 4285: 2077:

requiring member governments to take measures to adopt equality of rights in the transmission of family names, a measure that was echoed by the United Nations in 1979.

1918:

A surname with the prefix "Fitz" can be spelled with the prefix as a separate word, as in "Fitz William", as well as "FitzWilliam" or "Fitzwilliam" (like, for example,

4215:, In: Name and Naming. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Onomastics. Onomastics in Contemporary Public Space. Baia Mare, 9–11 May 2013, pp.504–517 3381: 2096:

challenged a prohibition on foreign men married to Swiss women keeping their surname if this option was provided in their national law, an option available to women.

1602:-speaking families in south India, surname is placed before personal / first name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth). 7203: 7024: 3990:

Preventing Identity Crime: Identity Theft and Identity Fraud: An Identity Crime Model and Legislative Analysis with Recommendations for Preventing Identity Crime

2528:

used with Spanish surnames. This can not be chosen by the person, as it is part of the surname, for example, "Puente" and "Del Puente" are not the same surname.

1223:". Although some surnames, such as "London", "Lisboa", or "Białystok" are derived from large cities, more people reflect the names of smaller communities, as in 2022:

It is rare but not unknown for an English-speaking man to take his wife's family name, whether for personal reasons or as a matter of tradition (such as among

1850:

is Novákovi in Czech and Novákovci in Slovak. When the male form is Hrubý and the female form is Hrubá, the plural family name is Hrubí (or "rodina Hrubých").

1072:, Septembre, Spring, di Gennaio), or festival/feast day they found or christened (Easter, SanJosé). Some foundlings were given the name of whoever found them. 2437:("of the", when the following word is feminine). For example, if "Clara Reyes Alba" were to marry "Alberto Gómez Rodríguez", the wife could use "Clara Reyes 1485:(in Europe) or given name ("first name"). In other cultures the surname is placed first, followed by the given name or names. The latter is often called the 405:, but eventually people reverted to single names. By the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, family names were uncommon in the 7743: 4409: 2726:

Other surnames which started off as compounds of two or more surnames, but which merged into one single word, also exist. An example would be the surname

7208: 2719:

To avoid ambiguity, one might often informally see these true compound surnames hyphenated, for instance, as Paz-y-Miño. This is true especially in the

2103:

From 1945 to 2021 in the Czech Republic women by law had to use family names with the ending -ová after the name of their father or husband (so-called

1963:

surname, which is handed down from or inherited from the father, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise. Thus, the term "maternal surname" means the

537:), or in cases where groups of people are escaping persecution. After arriving in the United States, European Jews who fled Nazi persecution sometimes 5524: 3340: 2497:, "widow" in Spanish). The law in Peru changed some years ago, and all married women can keep their maiden last name if they wish with no alteration. 1459: 6555: 5186:

Because of Buday's case, a California state lawmaker has introduced a bill to put a space on the marriage license for either spouse to change names.

5237: 3564: 3037:

According to some estimates, 85% of China's population shares just 100 surnames. The names Wang (王), Zhang (张), and Li (李) are the most frequent.

2758:

In the case of Portuguese naming customs, the main surname (the one used in alpha sorting, indexing, abbreviations, and greetings), appears last.

5721: 447:. The study found that over 90% of the 45,602 surnames in the dictionary are native to Britain and Ireland, with the most common in the UK being 4754: 5441: 4845: 3657: 1044:

names. Historically, children born to unwed parents or extremely poor parents would be abandoned in a public place or anonymously placed in a

5508: 4816: 4212: 4086: 4059: 4032: 3998: 3910: 3870: 3819: 3690: 3540: 3458: 3432: 1175:. The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the part down to their oldest sons. Names derived from this may include 624:". Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name " 5457:: Royal Decree 193/2000, of 11 February, to amend certain articles of the Civil Registration Regulations in the field on the name and order. 5014: 4199: 5475: 5207: 4324: 2378:, the second surname tends to gain preeminence over the first one in informal use. Rodríguez Zapatero, therefore is more often called just 5409: 5112: 4591: 233:

in 2000 BC. His administration standardised the naming system to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. Originally,

160:

as example. This shows a structure typical for Anglophonic cultures (and some others). Other cultures use other structures for full names.

5569: 5152: 2500:

Historically, sometimes a father transmitted his combined family names, thus creating a new one e.g., the paternal surname of the son of

8029: 7876: 5695: 3011: 2778:

husbands' names, and among those who do so officially, it is quite common not to use it either in their professional or informal life.

1030:

many Africans were given new names by their masters. Many of the family names of many African-Americans have their origins in slavery (

7548: 7450: 5733: 4357: 2247: 200:

Using names has been documented in even the oldest historical records. Examples of surnames are documented in the 11th century by the

3396: 2375: 4452: 4379: 4135: 2781:

The children usually bear only the last surnames of the parents (i.e., the paternal surname of each of their parents). For example,

2168: 440: 137: 5552: 1215:

may have originally meant "enclosure" in one name, but can have meant "farmstead", "village", "manor", or "estate" in other names.

443:, which concluded in 2016, analysed sources dating from the 11th to the 19th century to explain the origins of the surnames in the 4779:

Visuomenės reakcijos į kalbinę lyčių problematiką. Nepriesaginių moteriškų pavardžių atvejis Lietuvoje, "hen" įvardžio – Švedijoje

3365:

Doll, Cynthia Blevins (1992). "Harmonizing Filial and Parental Rights in Names: Progress, Pitfalls, and Constitutional Problems".

3243: 2199:

or hyphens. However, it is not unusual for compound surnames to be composed of separate words not linked by a hyphen, for example

8158: 8034: 7881: 5805: 5380: 5049: 4783: 2068:

In France, until 1 January 2005, children were required by law to take the surname of their father. Article 311-21 of the French

546: 4614: 4473: 3801: 7950: 6388: 4281: 5357: 5321: 5173: 2181:

While in many countries surnames are usually one word, in others a surname may contain two words or more, as described below.

6310: 2195:

Compound surnames in English and several other European cultures feature two (or occasionally more) words, often joined by a

2146: 2038: 1081: 75: 4822: 3778: 2984:

bore a name "Soeiro", a patronymic "Mendes" ("son of Hermenegildo – shortened to Mendo") and the name of the town he ruled "

5135: 8168: 7597: 7584: 7165: 6449: 6109: 3077: 3025: 1777: 1235: 3721: 7301: 6928: 6880: 6548: 4599: 4259: 1432:

The meanings of some names are unknown or unclear. The most common European name in this category may be the Irish name

1308: 599: 595: 35: 1598:

and are invariably mentioned along with the personal/first names. However, hereditary last names are not universal. In

7406: 6606: 6222: 5865: 4550: 3221: 3072: 118: 4951: 4711:

Makri-Tsilipakou, Marianthi (November 2003). "Greek Diminutive Use Problematized: Gender, Culture and Common Sense".

2131: 1911:

surname (patronymic, toponymic, notable lineage) and include words that mean from , and son of/daughter of/child of.

992:

suggests that the first nickname/surname bearer may have acted as a king or bishop, or was corpulent as bishop. etc.

5758: 5656: 2390:, a person becomes usually called by both surnames. This changes from person to person and stems merely from habit. 545:

government of Germany assigned German names to European people in the territories they conquered. In the 1980s, the

90: 7695: 6956: 6677: 1625: 1490: 1027: 8138: 3138: 2150: 2135: 64: 8007: 6459: 6425: 5263: 4622: 4163: 3030:

In the United States, 1,712 surnames cover 50% of the population, and about 1% of the population has the surname

2730:, whose members are related to the Paz y Miño, as both descend from the "Paz Miño" family of five centuries ago. 2520:

has inherited a compound surname constructed from the patrilineal and matrilineal surnames of a recent ancestor.

989: 4417: 8109: 7965: 7502: 6791: 3631: 3082: 2216: 2142: 1995: 1876: 352: 349:

Over the course of the Roman Republic and the later Empire, naming conventions went through multiple changes. (

97: 71: 6400: 3595: 2703: 5032:

The Controversy Over Children's Surnames: Familial Autonomy, Equal Protection, and the Child's Best Interests

4646: 1529:

people of south India also place surname before personal name. There are some parts of Europe, in particular

1065: 385:

were less common, as women had reduced public influence, and were commonly known by the feminine form of the

8278: 7848: 7180: 6541: 6502: 5680: 3332: 2204: 2026: 2981: 2536:

countries. When none (such as the mother's maiden name) is provided, the last name may simply be repeated.

2532:

Chile, the law was changed to avoid stigmatizing illegitimate children with the maternal surname repeated.

7866: 7775: 7542: 7413: 6899: 3248: 3172: 2993: 2720: 2243: 1631: 1191:. The original meaning of names based on medieval occupations may no longer be obvious in modern English. 1634:(such as Latvian, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, etc.) as well as in 541:

their surnames to avoid discrimination. Governments can also forcibly change people's names, as when the

104: 7617: 6662: 6466: 5825: 5229: 5121: 3605: 2985: 2190: 2046: 1109: 4979:

eLS noms en la vida quotidiana. Actes del XXIV Congrés Internacional d'ICOS sobre Ciències Onomàstiques

2517: 981: 5718: 4912:

Nalibow, Kenneth L. (1 June 1973). "The Opposition in Polish of Genus and Sexus in Women's Surnames".

1610:

and Latin America, administrative usage is to put the surname before the first on official documents.

988:, etc. but it is rather unlikely that a person with surname King was a king or descended from a king. 291:(fl. 850 AD) was known by the nisbah "al-'Ibadi", a federation of Arab Christian tribes that lived in 7905: 7637: 7372: 6522: 6507: 6454: 6410: 6320: 6252: 5798: 3004: 2441:

Gómez" as her name (or "Clara Reyes Gómez", or, rarely, "Clara Gómez Reyes". She can be addressed as

2414: 1643: 683: 657: 406: 7612: 4747: 4668:

Heijnen, Adriënne (1 September 2010). "Relating through Dreams: Names, Genes and Shared Substance".

604:

These are the oldest and most common type of surname. They may be a first name such as "Wilhelm", a

86: 8265: 8002: 7992: 7915: 7890: 7280: 6947: 6923: 6492: 6444: 6437: 6139: 6096: 5556: 5433: 4167: 3649: 3153: 2253: 1974: 1397: 1266: 1246: 1141: 1053: 905: 899: 809: 315: 7492: 3469: 2547:" plus the surname of her husband. And most records of the church follow that structure as well. 1450: 487:. Surnames that are 'patronymic' are those which originally enshrined the father's name – such as 8128: 8071: 7835: 7515: 7308: 7190: 7102: 6870: 6844: 6720: 6611: 5628:(Oxford University Press, 2016), which has a lengthy introduction with much comparative material. 5092: 5011: 4894: 4728: 4693: 4506: 3962: 3511: 3503: 3123: 3113: 2525: 2450: 2387: 1854:-as will end in -a, and those of daughters of males with the -is suffix will have the -i suffix. 1639: 1619: 1445: 1373: 1332: 1320: 1316: 1291: 1252:

Arabic names sometimes contain surnames that denote the city of origin. For example, in cases of

1115: 996: 952: 941: 767: 719: 701: 571: 567: 542: 534: 456: 329: 5467: 5109: 1282:

For those descended from land-owners, the name of their holdings, castle, manor or estate, e.g.

621: 5148: 4588: 4051:

Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress

3935:"The Production of Legal Identities Proper to States: The Case of the Permanent Family Surname" 1245:

derive from geographical features; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means "stone river" (and is also

8214: 7980: 7469: 7349: 6743: 6709: 6704: 6420: 6247: 6217: 5970: 5855: 5504: 4929: 4886: 4812: 4685: 4626: 4448: 4131: 4082: 4055: 4028: 3994: 3954: 3906: 3866: 3860: 3815: 3686: 3536: 3530: 3428: 3370: 3314: 3296: 3192: 2226: 2200: 2074: 1887: 1588: 1477: 1345: 1224: 1200: 1167: 1161: 1147: 1135: 1041: 929: 917: 851: 839: 749: 731: 665: 550: 480: 433: 420:

In England the introduction of family names is generally attributed to the preparation of the

398: 358: 4076: 4049: 4022: 3988: 3900: 3862:

Credit Intelligence and Modelling: Many Paths Through the Forest of Credit Rating and Scoring

3680: 2374:

In some instances, when an individual's first surname is very common, such as for example in

652:

meaning Hick's man, where Hick is a pet form of the name Richard) or strong ties of religion

8299: 8099: 7975: 7970: 7871: 7792: 7689: 7357: 7326: 7233: 7092: 6813: 6512: 6184: 6174: 6169: 6144: 5975: 5954: 5850: 5082: 4982: 4921: 4876: 4720: 4677: 4573: 3946: 3807: 3629:, "What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700", in 3495: 3304: 3288: 2418: 2410: 1967:

surname that one's mother inherited from either or both of her parents. For a discussion of

1825: 1572: 1568: 1389: 1353: 1341: 1328: 1324: 1287: 1121: 1103: 1069: 985: 973: 887: 863: 845: 821: 803: 791: 779: 755: 737: 725: 713: 617: 464: 429: 401:

throughout the Empire, Christian religious names were sometimes put in front of traditional

288: 276: 31: 5741: 4349: 3811: 3277:"Imputation of race/ethnicity to enable measurement of HEDIS performance by race/ethnicity" 2793:. However, the child may have any other combination of the parents' surnames, according to 1165:

is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by the servant of a vicar, while

8104: 8024: 8019: 8014: 7945: 7910: 7861: 7819: 7713: 7590: 7497: 7339: 7316: 7275: 7029: 6989: 6801: 6315: 6164: 6159: 6149: 6039: 5845: 5840: 5791: 5725: 5660: 5576: 5419: 5116: 5053: 5018: 4618: 4595: 3654:

Official Web Page of the Laurel Sovereign of Arms for the Society for Creative Anachronism

3057: 3031: 2753: 2737: 2556: 2222: 1955: 1762: 1744: 1714: 1599: 1526: 1506: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1405: 1385: 1377: 1349: 1304: 1249:), Yamamoto (山本) means "the base of the mountain", and Inoue (井上) means "above the well". 1091: 977: 935: 911: 857: 833: 827: 815: 785: 773: 743: 695: 625: 460: 452: 448: 425: 267:) is referred to as "al-Razi" (lit. the one from Ray) due to his origins from the city of 234: 157: 7785: 6415: 6395: 6383: 4078:

The Orient Within: Muslim Minorities and the Negotiation of Nationhood in Modern Bulgaria

3905:. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture. Stanford University Press. p. 32. 3380:

Note: content available by subscription only. The first page of content is available via

2977:") which along with many others are still in regular use as very prevalent family names. 499:, or Thin – though Short may in fact be an ironic 'nickname' surname for a tall person." 5709: 7997: 7960: 7839: 7831: 7770: 7762: 7738: 7728: 7660: 7604: 7569: 7445: 7427: 7377: 7270: 7117: 7052: 6996: 6672: 6597: 6347: 6295: 6262: 6257: 6179: 6119: 6029: 5999: 5835: 5549: 5066: 4494: 3309: 3276: 3253: 3118: 2695: 1919: 1759: 1669: 1635: 1584: 1556: 1455: 1436:, which means 'little king' in Irish. Also, Celtic origin of the name Arthur, meaning ' 1433: 1401: 1381: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1253: 1183: 1177: 1015: 969: 923: 873: 707: 577: 488: 367:(tribe) inherited patrilineally, is thought to have already been in use by 650 BC. The 339: 303: 287:, a famous ancestor, or the place of origin; but they were not universal. For example, 5043: 4777: 3650:"Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era" 8293: 7987: 7895: 7814: 7703: 7684: 7669: 7574: 7537: 7420: 7387: 7367: 7290: 7265: 7260: 7247: 7218: 7175: 7112: 7019: 7004: 6975: 6888: 6682: 6564: 6482: 6277: 6194: 6124: 6024: 4898: 4732: 4697: 4611: 4465: 4123: 3902:

Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry

3515: 3160: 3128: 3092: 1991: 1935: 1861:

In Iceland, surnames have a gender-specific suffix (-dóttir = daughter, -son = son).

1560: 1502: 1471: 1413: 1393: 1312: 1300: 1242: 1228: 1097: 947: 538: 516: 496: 495:. There are also names where the origin describes the original bearer such as Brown, 484: 472: 444: 421: 238: 177: 111: 5668: 8253: 8241: 8191: 8185: 8180: 8039: 7733: 7679: 7674: 7627: 7561: 7487: 7477: 7456: 7400: 7334: 7285: 7213: 7147: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7097: 7072: 7062: 6969: 6750: 6568: 6405: 6367: 6362: 6189: 6034: 5672: 5353: 3626: 2259: 2081: 2030: 1892: 1810: 1729: 1564: 1555:

When people from areas using Eastern naming order write their personal name in the

1514: 1494: 1172: 631: 581: 6533: 436:

people used surnames and in Wales following unification under Henry VIII in 1536.

5498: 4806: 4681: 3774: 3422: 2789:(in case she adopted her husband's name after marriage) would have a child named 965:

according to a number of sources, was an English nickname meaning "effeminate".

314:

as Λῡσῐμᾰ́χου – a genitive singular form meaning son of Lysimachus. For example,

208:

The study of proper names (in family names, personal names, or places) is called

8226: 8148: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7718: 7632: 7622: 7482: 7440: 7435: 7252: 7228: 7170: 7137: 7107: 7087: 7082: 7057: 7047: 7014: 7009: 6825: 6806: 6760: 6755: 6636: 6287: 6242: 6086: 5980: 5935: 4881: 4864: 3182: 3148: 3143: 3097: 2741: 2120: 2023: 1969: 1960: 1950: 1795: 1498: 1207: 893: 589: 585: 503: 319: 292: 253: 190: 53: 5702: 5675:, including UK & US census distribution, immigration, and surname origins ( 1939:

a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal (see

8219: 8202: 8143: 8123: 7780: 7708: 7655: 7651: 7579: 7395: 7362: 7295: 7198: 7142: 6964: 6918: 6875: 6830: 6781: 6714: 6694: 6657: 6631: 6587: 6582: 6487: 6432: 6305: 6267: 6129: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6056: 6044: 5984: 5940: 4724: 3950: 3713: 3187: 3167: 3108: 3067: 3062: 2727: 2712: 2401:, the paternal and maternal surnames are often combined using the conjunction 2069: 2011: 1986: 1792: 1699: 1684: 1486: 1482: 1448:

is used in English culture, but is also a romanization of the Chinese surname

1156: 1057: 1045: 1034: 689: 676: 672: 613: 605: 346:. At other times formal identification commonly included the place of origin. 307: 284: 249: 209: 181: 5087: 5070: 4933: 4925: 4890: 4689: 4251: 3958: 3885:

Nagata, Mary Louise. "Names and Name Changing in Early Modern Kyoto, Japan."

3374: 3300: 506:

in Europe, there were several revolts against the mandate to have a surname.

342:. These patronymics are already attested for many characters in the works of 8231: 8118: 8094: 7856: 7748: 7508: 7223: 6906: 6840: 6786: 6733: 6728: 6601: 6497: 6204: 6081: 5830: 5759:"Some Common English Surnames: Especially Those Derived from Personal Names" 5525:"Identidade, submissão ou amor? O que significa adoptar o apelido do marido" 5260:"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" 3292: 3133: 3087: 3052: 2568: 2462: 2458: 2398: 1926:" comes from French (fils) thus making these surnames a form of patronymic. 492: 373: 311: 268: 226:

of origin, occupation, parentage, patronage, adoption, or clan affiliation.

185: 4546: 3318: 3213: 2062: 4986: 4947: 4202:, Indogermanische Forschungen; Strassburg Vol. 100, (1 January 1995): 223. 3682:

The Surnames Handbook: A Guide to Family Name Research in the 21st Century

2055:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

1944: 1867:

Until at least 1850, women's surnames were suffixed with an -in in Tyrol.

1782:

Suffixes -ov, -ev, -in, -iy, -oy, -yy, Patronymics -ovich, -ovych, -yovych

8248: 8236: 8197: 8175: 8066: 7955: 7900: 7723: 7522: 6982: 6935: 6894: 6865: 6853: 6796: 6776: 6738: 6699: 6300: 6237: 6232: 6209: 6154: 6114: 5900: 5773: 5056:, FindLaw's Writ column (12 August 2003), (last visited 7 December 2006). 3047: 2766: 2733: 2560: 2466: 2003: 1522: 1510: 1086: 1049: 609: 533:

Names can sometimes be changed to protect individual privacy (such as in

325: 42: 5646: 4974: 2744:"de", with the second part of the surname being a placename from Álava. 152: 17: 8089: 8061: 7529: 7157: 6912: 6859: 6818: 6667: 6134: 6104: 6017: 5912: 5907: 5096: 4869:

Slovenščina 2.0: Empirične, aplikativne in interdisciplinarne raziskave

3966: 3507: 3103: 2794: 2699: 2454: 2085: 2034: 1607: 1530: 1061: 995:

A considerable group of surname-producing nicknames may be found among

245: 5259: 3934: 2041:. Men may face difficulty doing so on the state level in some states. 1943:

below). In many cultures, it is common for people to have one name or

1440:'. Other surnames may have arisen from more than one source: the name 8258: 8133: 7243: 6689: 6517: 6357: 6352: 6007: 5989: 5917: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5814: 5653: 2770: 2474: 2196: 1441: 1257: 885:(from Mary) or from a clan name (for those of Scottish origin, e.g., 797: 761: 468: 272: 257: 3800:

Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016).

4380:"England Regional, Ethnic, Foundling Surnames (National Institute)" 3599: 3499: 3468:. 2004. Chinese naming practices (Mak et al., 2003). Archived from 1646:, some surnames change form depending on the gender of the bearer. 8208: 7937: 7923: 7919: 6342: 5945: 5890: 4639: 4578:. printed at the Christian Knowledge Society's Press. p. 209. 3010: 1883: 1606:

items are alphabetized by the last name. In France, Italy, Spain,

1595: 1580: 1437: 1283: 1220: 1130: 343: 296: 280: 201: 5381:"Spain overhauls tradition of 'sexist' double-barrelled surnames" 3486:

Zhimin, An (1988). "Archaeological Research on Neolithic China".

2809:, in which case none of the mother's family names are passed on. 1973:('mother-line') surnames, passing from mothers to daughters, see 1785:

Suffixes -ova, -eva, -ina, -aya, Patronymics -ovna, -ivna, -yivna

229:

In China, according to legend, family names started with Emperor

6272: 6012: 5949: 3744:"BBC – Family History – What's in a Name? Your Link to the Past" 3333:"BBC – Family History – What's in a Name? Your Link to the Past" 2921:

In ancient times a patronymic was commonly used – surnames like

2707: 2470: 2443: 1923: 1576: 1518: 1261: 477:

Oxford English Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland

364: 230: 6537: 5787: 5598:

The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility

5149:"Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women" 4517: 4350:"Finding Foundlings: Searching for Abandoned Children in Italy" 4325:"Many African American last names hold weight of Black history" 1489:

because Europeans are most familiar with the examples from the

381:) was used to distinguish individuals within the group. Female 30:"Last name" and "Family name" redirect here. For the song, see 5895: 3369:. Vol. 35. Howard University School of Law. p. 227. 3177: 2765:

In general, the traditions followed in countries like Brazil,

2114: 47: 5559:

Web Archives, U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (1995).

4808:

Colloquial Scottish Gaelic: The Complete Course for Beginners

4149:

Colloquial Scottish Gaelic: the complete course for beginners

1594:

Indian surnames may often denote village, profession, and/or

1125:, and so on, as well as non-English ones, such as the German 180:

that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a

5719:

Short explanation of Polish surname endings and their origin

5626:

The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland

4975:"Which name upon marriage? Family names of women in Finland" 3803:

The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland

2716:"Paz" alone would not be passed on, nor would "Miño" alone. 2512:(maternal surname) may have become the new paternal surname 1575:

traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the

1037:). Some freed slaves later created family names themselves. 635:

A family tree showing the Icelandic patronymic naming system

5688: 5200:"Quebec newlywed furious she can't take her husband's name" 4865:"Czech gender linguistics: Topics, attitudes, perspectives" 4313:. London, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1932. No ISBN. 156:

First/given/forename, middle, and last/family/surname with

3933:

Scott, James C.; Tehranian, John; Mathias, Jeremy (2002).

3015:

Map of Most Commons Surnames in the United States by State

681:, often from a person's given name. e.g., from male name: 5783: 5654:

Dictionnaire des noms de famille de France et d'ailleurs

5071:"Making a Name: Women's Surnames at Marriage and Beyond" 1533:, where the surname is placed before the personal name. 237:

were derived matrilineally, although by the time of the

5624:

Hanks, Patrick, Richard Coates and Peter McClure, eds.

4805:

Graham, Katie; Spadaro, Katherine M. (11 August 2005).

4213:

Surnames of Ethnonymic Origin in the Hungarian Language

4024:

What Happened to the Children Who Fled Nazi Persecution

4746:

Mac Mathúna, Liam (2006). "What's in an irish name?".

4228:, 27th ed. Copenhagen: Vilh. Trydes Boghandel, p. 371. 3775:"Most common surnames in Britain and Ireland revealed" 5712:, free searchable online database of Italian surnames 1155:

to the word, although this formation could also be a

4501:, — Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972; Russian version: 4447:

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Rev. 3rd ed.

4241:, 43rd ed. Copenhagen: Vilh. Trydes Boghandel, p. 3. 2433:("of the", when the following word is masculine) or 1462:

rather than the surnames of their adoptive parents.

8082: 8054: 7936: 7847: 7828: 7761: 7650: 7560: 7468: 7386: 7348: 7325: 7242: 7189: 7156: 7071: 7038: 6955: 6944: 6839: 6769: 6650: 6624: 6575: 6475: 6376: 6335: 6286: 6203: 6095: 6055: 5998: 5963: 5928: 5864: 5647:

Comprehensive surname information and resource site

5455:

Note: Google auto-translation of title into English

1256:al Tikriti, meaning Saddam Hussein originated from 78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5322:"European Gender Equality Law Review – No. 1/2012" 4753:. Potsdam: University of Potsdam. pp. 64–87. 3565:"The complex origins of Chinese names demystified" 3397:"Our last names reveal a lot about our labor days" 968:A group of nicknames look like occupational ones: 5607:(London, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1932) 4844:Canada, Library and Archives (1 September 2022). 2564:family would be known as "Adela dos Provisores". 1722:Suffixes -ienė, -uvienė, -aitė, -utė, -iūtė, -ytė 549:forcibly changed the first and last names of its 483:, for example, Hill or Green, which relates to a 5354:"Novela zákona o matrikách, jménech a příijmeni" 1934:A family name is typically a part of a person's 5172:. Los Angeles. Associated Press. Archived from 4948:"Icelandic names – everything you need to know" 3769: 3767: 3765: 2555:In many places, such as villages in Catalonia, 2065:law permits neither spouse to change surnames. 1707:Prefixes Bean Uí, Nic, Bean Mhic, Ní, Mhic, Nig 1538: 4237:von Irgens-Bergh, G.O.A., and Bobe, L. (1926) 4189:. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. No ISBN. 2489:, and if the husband dies, she will be called 2191:Double-barrelled name § British tradition 1545: 397:Later with the gradual influence of Greek and 6549: 5799: 4200:The Lithuanian Nicknames of Ethnonymic Origin 3714:"What is the origin of the last name Molina?" 3643: 3641: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 8: 4863:Kolek, Vít; Valdrová, Jana (6 August 2020). 4224:Hiort-Lorensen, H.R., and Thiset, A. (1910) 4021:Holton, G.; Sonnert, G. (25 December 2006). 3865:. Oxford University Press. p. 193-194. 3604:. The New York Times Company. Archived from 2805:, who in turn might name his first born son 2787:Ana Luísa de Albuquerque Pereira (Gonçalves) 2491:Rosa María Pérez Martínez Vda. de De la Cruz 5570:Name Not on Our List? Change It, China Says 3427:. University of Toronto Press. p. 48. 3158: 2149:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7844: 7322: 6952: 6556: 6542: 6534: 6283: 5806: 5792: 5784: 5703:Information on surname history and origins 5527:. Lifestyle.publico.pt. 18 November 2014. 5012:Doherty v. Wizner, Oregon Court of Appeals 4645:(Thesis). Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. 4147:Katherine M. Spadaro, Katie Graham (2001) 3939:Comparative Studies in Society and History 3360: 3358: 2254:Surnames by country § The Philippines 1648: 475:. The findings have been published in the 176:is the mostly hereditary portion of one's 5086: 4880: 4520:, citing Суслова А.В., Суперанская А.В., 4439: 4437: 4435: 4305: 4303: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4054:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 82. 3535:. Harvard University Press. p. 310. 3308: 2169:Learn how and when to remove this message 1264:. This component of the name is called a 371:was to identify group kinship, while the 138:Learn how and when to remove this message 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4081:. Cornell University Press. p. 77. 3453: 3451: 2801:might choose to name his first born son 2386:only; in other cases, such as in writer 2052:In 1979, the United Nations adopted the 1068:, von Trapp), the date they were found ( 630: 151: 5635:(3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 1997) 5497:Frank, Francine; Anshen, Frank (1985). 5166:"Man files lawsuit to take wife's name" 5136:Most women say 'I do' to husband's name 4533: 4159: 4157: 3945:(1). Cambridge University Press: 4–44. 3846: 3596:"Ancient Names – Greek and Roman Names" 3205: 2487:Rosa María Pérez Martínez de De la Cruz 1458:, illegitimate children were sometimes 338:, which referred to the founder of the 275:, surnames were in use as early as the 5206:. CanWest News Service. Archived from 5110:"American Women, Changing Their Names" 4410:"Deciphering Dutch Foundling Surnames" 3887:International Review of Social History 3660:from the original on 16 September 2008 3343:from the original on 20 September 2020 1871:Indication of family membership status 1247:the name of one of Japan's prefectures 1040:Another category of acquired names is 302:In Ancient Greece, as far back as the 5334:from the original on 22 November 2017 5005: 5003: 3395:Lederer, Richard (5 September 2015). 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2831: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2282: 2271: 2269: 2267: 1833:Suffixes -ova, -yeva, Patronymic qızı 256:is well attested. The famous scholar 27:Hereditary portion of a personal name 7: 5757:Wilkinson, Hugh E. (December 2010). 5478:from the original on 17 October 2017 5432:Juan Carlos, R. (11 February 2000). 5391:from the original on 17 October 2017 5297:Losonci Rose and Rose v. Switzerland 5153:Archived at WebCite on 1 April 2011. 5075:The Journal of Economic Perspectives 4612:"MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format" 4553:from the original on 8 February 2018 3812:10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001 3781:from the original on 2 November 2018 3656:. Society for Creative Anachronism. 2516:. For example, Uruguayan politician 2147:adding citations to reliable sources 2094:Losonci Rose and Rose v. Switzerland 1893:the present Archbishop of Canterbury 519:was formalized by the government as 76:adding citations to reliable sources 5677:Dictionary of American Family Names 5617:Hanks, Patrick and Hodges, Flavia. 5444:from the original on 3 October 2008 4825:from the original on 7 October 2023 4466:"Saddam Hussein's top aides hanged" 3575:from the original on 4 October 2017 2207:, whose surname is "Duncan Smith". 1994:to her husband's family name. (See 1915:Mhic, and Uí (wife of the son of). 1830:Suffixes -ov, -yev, Patronymic oğlu 1614:Gender-specific versions of surname 310:("son of") were also common, as in 5734:"Welsh surnames and their meaning" 5531:from the original on 17 April 2018 5440:(in Spanish). Noticias Juridicas. 5266:from the original on 21 April 2018 4786:from the original on 10 April 2023 4782:(Thesis). Vilniaus universitetas. 4757:from the original on 10 April 2023 4649:from the original on 10 April 2023 4323:Craven, Julia (24 February 2022). 3889:07/2002; 47(02):243 – 259. P. 246. 3724:from the original on 1 August 2023 3648:Chavez, Berret (9 November 2006). 3563:Koon, Wee Kek (18 November 2016). 3224:from the original on 17 March 2023 3034:, the most common American name. 2248:Naming customs of Hispanic America 1579:structure of their societies. The 1476:In many cultures (particularly in 562:Patronymic and matronymic surnames 25: 5732:Summers, Neil (4 November 2006). 5360:from the original on 3 April 2022 5311:, no. 29865/96, 16 November 2004. 5287:, no. 16213/90, 22 February 1994. 5198:White, Marianne (8 August 2007). 5164:Risling, Greg (12 January 2007). 5046:Whose Surname Should a Child Have 4954:from the original on 13 June 2023 4507:Chapter IX: "Artificial surnames" 4476:from the original on 2 March 2016 4445:A Dictionary of English Surnames. 4390:from the original on 27 July 2021 4360:from the original on 27 July 2021 4288:from the original on 27 July 2021 4262:from the original on 27 July 2021 4130:. Oxford University Press, 1989. 3601:About Ancient / Classical History 2493:(Vda. being the abbreviation for 2413:), see for example the economist 2080:Similar measures were adopted by 1899:in Lithuanian, while his wife is 1133:, later Anglicized in America as 1018:and Jews in Germany and Austria. 441:University of the West of England 7204:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5633:A Dictionary of English Surnames 5240:from the original on 24 May 2021 5134:Daniella Miletic (20 July 2012) 4575:A Grammar of the Telugu Language 3828:from the original on 26 May 2020 3750:from the original on 17 May 2022 3685:. History Press. p. 19-20. 2803:Carlos da Silva Gonçalves Júnior 2119: 1206:type of settlement. Examples of 52: 5631:Reaney, P.H., and Wilson, R.M. 5621:(Oxford University Press, 1989) 4443:Reaney, P.H., and Wilson, R.M. 1472:Personal name § Name order 63:needs additional citations for 6311:Genealogical numbering systems 5696:History of Jewish family Names 5612:Penguin Dictionary of Surnames 5299:, no. 664/06, 9 November 2010. 4572:Brown, Charles Philip (1857). 4187:Penguin Dictionary of Surnames 3635:, vol. 84, pp. 124–145 (1994). 2807:Carlos da Silva Gonçalves Neto 2039:Social Security Administration 1903:, and his unmarried daughter, 1340:(geographical features) e.g., 1145:(tailor) – or, as in English, 1082:Category:Occupational surnames 557:Origins of particular surnames 324:, as a supposed descendant of 1: 6450:International Day of Families 6110:Australian Aboriginal kinship 5411:Art. 55 Ley de Registro Civil 5230:"Article 311-21 – Code civil" 5170:The Boston Globe (Boston.com) 4776:Smoriginaitė, Jovita (2022). 4518:НЕСТАНДАРТНЫЕ РУССКИЕ ФАМИЛИИ 3859:Anderson, Raymond A. (2022). 3078:Lists of most common surnames 3026:Lists of most common surnames 2748:Portuguese-speaking countries 2567:Also in many places, such as 1886:(a.k.a. Wends or Lusatians), 1803:Suffixes -ová, -á, -ská, -cká 1236:Portuguese-speaking countries 547:People's Republic of Bulgaria 439:A four-year study led by the 261: 5438:Base de Datos de Legislación 5379:Govan, Fiona (1 June 2017). 5327:. Ec.europa.eu. p. 17. 4682:10.1080/02757206.2010.499909 4600:American Library Association 3173:Spanish nominal conjunctions 2740:patronymic, followed by the 2483:Juan Martín De la Cruz Gómez 2376:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 1940: 1800:Suffixes -ov, -ý, -ský, -cký 1499:Korea (both North and South) 1227:, derived from a village in 1159:. For instance, the surname 340:dynasty to which he belonged 248:period (640–900 AD) and the 36:Family Name (disambiguation) 5663:, French surname dictionary 4882:10.4312/slo2.0.2020.1.35-65 4282:"The History of Last Names" 3806:. Oxford University Press. 3073:List of family name affixes 1734:Suffixes -us, -is, -s, -iņš 1719:Suffixes -as, -ys, -is, -us 1539: 1509:. This is also the case in 620:", or a clan name such as " 328:, and by the dynastic name 8316: 7867:Imperial, royal, and noble 5503:. SUNY Press. p. 18. 5125:. Retrieved 10 April 2013. 4850:Library-archives.canada.ca 4384:FamilySearch Research Wiki 3023: 2751: 2551:Informal traditional names 2260:Spanish-speaking countries 2251: 2241: 2238:Spanish-speaking countries 2214: 2205:British Conservative Party 2188: 1874: 1818:Suffixes -ska, -cka, -dzka 1815:Suffixes -ski, -cki, -dzki 1626:Category:Gendered surnames 1623: 1617: 1491:East Asian cultural sphere 1469: 1198: 1079: 1028:Trans-Atlantic slave trade 593: 575: 565: 40: 29: 8274: 7951:Imperial, royal and noble 6411:National Grandparents Day 5821: 5689:Guild of One-Name Studies 5603:Bowman, William Dodgson. 4973:Paikkala, Sirkka (2014). 4725:10.1177/09579265030146002 4623:Purdue Online Writing Lab 4309:Bowman, William Dodgson. 3951:10.1017/S0010417502000026 3777:. BBC. 17 November 2016. 2864: 2862: 2829: 2799:Carlos da Silva Gonçalves 2783:Carlos da Silva Gonçalves 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2479:Rosa María Pérez Martínez 2317: 2315: 2280: 2203:, a former leader of the 1770:Suffixes -ova, -eva, -ska 1546: 1460:given artificial surnames 6792:Maiden and married names 5738:Amlwch history databases 5659:13 November 2008 at the 5619:A Dictionary of Surnames 5418:16 December 2017 at the 5285:Burghartz v. Switzerland 5088:10.1257/0895330041371268 4950:. Reykjavik Excursions. 4926:10.1179/nam.1973.21.2.78 4670:History and Anthropology 4354:Legacy Tree Genealogists 4128:A Dictionary of Surnames 4075:Neuburger, M.C. (2011). 4048:Lemkin, Raphael (2014). 4027:. Springer. p. 96. 3632:Journal of Roman Studies 3281:Health Services Research 3083:Maiden and married names 2419:Salvador Dalí i Domènech 2217:Chinese compound surname 2090:Burghartz v. Switzerland 1996:Maiden and married names 1877:Maiden and married names 1745:Scottish Gaelic surnames 1704:Prefixes Mac, Ó, Ua, Mag 1650:Forms of gendered names 1297:Habitation (place) names 594:See also the categories 353:Roman naming conventions 41:Not to be confused with 8279:Category:Lists of names 6503:Sociology of the family 6353:Philia (brotherly love) 5929:Second-degree relatives 5681:Oxford University Press 5596:Blark. Gregory, et al. 5575:25 October 2018 at the 5555:12 October 2010 at the 4713:Discourse & Society 4594:21 January 2013 at the 4549:. Snl.no. 29 May 2017. 3529:Ch'ien, E.N.M. (2005). 3421:Danesi, Marcel (2007). 3401:San Diego Union-Tribune 3293:10.1111/1475-6773.13099 3168:Irish surname additives 2791:Lucas Pereira Gonçalves 2508:(paternal family name) 2449:has legal validity in 2084:(1976), Sweden (1982), 1767:Suffixes -ov, -ev, -ski 424:in 1086, following the 393:Medieval era and beyond 295:prior to the advent of 158:John Fitzgerald Kennedy 7209:Eritrean and Ethiopian 6358:Storge (familial love) 5964:Third-degree relatives 5866:First-degree relatives 5500:Language and the Sexes 5468:"Proper married name?" 5115:4 October 2017 at the 5034:, 1979 Utah L Rev 303. 4846:"Item – Theses Canada" 4617:7 January 2013 at the 3159: 3016: 2994:1755 Lisbon earthquake 2721:English-speaking world 2696:Supreme Military Junta 2405:("and" in Spanish) or 2244:Spanish naming customs 1689:Suffixes -os, -as, -is 1632:Balto-Slavic languages 1076:Occupational surnames 1026:During the era of the 871:(from Moll for Mary), 636: 161: 34:. For other uses, see 8139:Galton–Watson process 7744:Ancient Tamil country 7166:Australian Aboriginal 6467:National Adoption Day 6343:Agape (parental love) 5605:The Story of Surnames 5147:UN Convention, 1979. 5122:National Public Radio 5052:28 April 2016 at the 5030:Richard H. Thornton, 4987:10.2436/15.8040.01.88 4638:Donner, Paul (2012). 4356:. 14 September 2017. 4311:The Story of Surnames 4239:Danmarks Adels Aarbog 4226:Danmarks Adels Aarbog 4151:p.16. Routledge, 2001 3993:. Brill. p. 39. 3424:The Quest for Meaning 3014: 2982:Soeiro Mendes da Maia 2704:Luis Telmo Paz y Miño 2485:, she will be called 2397:In Spain, especially 2258:In Spain and in most 2189:Further information: 2098:Ünal Tekeli v. Turkey 2047:double-barrelled name 2002:that the name of the 1895:for example, becomes 1737:Suffixes -a, -e, -iņa 1565:Baltic Finnic peoples 1470:Further information: 699:(Welsh for Johnson), 634: 205:hereditary surnames. 155: 7906:Post-nominal letters 7025:Indigenous Taiwanese 6523:Dysfunctional family 6508:Museum of Motherhood 6455:National Family Week 6321:Quarters of nobility 5724:15 June 2016 at the 5669:Family Facts Archive 5422:(article in Spanish) 5413:– Civil Register Law 5309:Ünal Tekeli v Turkey 5262:. Human Rights Web. 5017:4 March 2016 at the 4524:, Л.: Лениздат, 1991 4414:Dutch Ancestry Coach 4386:. 4 September 2014. 4168:Classifying surnames 4126:and Hodges, Flavia. 3987:Ahmed, S.R. (2020). 3679:Kennett, D. (2012). 3488:Current Anthropology 3466:Berkeley Linguistics 3005:Carnation Revolution 2415:Xavier Sala-i-Martin 2143:improve this section 2029:groups, such as the 1826:Azerbaijani surnames 1778:East Slavic surnames 1692:Suffixes -ou, -a, -i 1585:Aslak Jacobsen Hætta 1487:Eastern naming order 553:to Bulgarian names. 407:Eastern Roman Empire 72:improve this article 8266:Surnames by country 7891:Pre-nominal letters 6948:Surnames by country 6493:Wedding anniversary 6445:American Family Day 6401:Father–Daughter Day 6348:Eros (marital love) 6097:Kinship terminology 5779:on 15 January 2013. 5772:(3). Archived from 5766:Aoyama Keiei Ronshu 5557:Library of Congress 4996:– via gencat. 4472:. 15 January 2007. 3608:on 28 November 2007 3249:Oxford Dictionaries 3154:Surnames by country 2514:Reyes de la Barrera 2027:Canadian aboriginal 1975:matrilineal surname 1763:Macedonian surnames 1715:Lithuanian surnames 1651: 1219:means "resident of 1008:Ornamental surnames 1003:Ornamental surnames 997:ethnonymic surnames 960:Cognominal surnames 664:(follower of Saint 600:Matronymic surnames 596:Patronymic surnames 316:Alexander the Great 8129:Endonym and exonym 8072:Calendar of saints 8055:Related traditions 7829:Manners of address 7191:Sub-Saharan Africa 6612:Nobiliary particle 6253:collateral descent 5474:. 9 January 2012. 5176:on 27 January 2007 3718:Last Name Meanings 3594:Gill, N.S. (ed.). 3459:"Naming practices" 3367:Howard Law Journal 3256:on 20 January 2017 3139:Surname extinction 3124:Patronymic surname 3114:Nobiliary particle 3102:Names ending with 3017: 2526:nobiliary particle 2451:Dominican Republic 2388:Mario Vargas Llosa 2225:use more than one 1670:Icelandic surnames 1649: 1620:Surname inflection 1195:Toponymic surnames 867:, or female names 637: 572:Matronymic surname 568:Patronymic surname 543:National Socialist 535:witness protection 377:(forename; plural 363:, the name of the 162: 8287: 8286: 8215:Personal identity 8050: 8049: 7757: 7756: 7698: 7646: 7645: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7551: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7511: 7459: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7311: 7304: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6770:By life situation 6723: 6531: 6530: 6331: 6330: 6248:Lineal descendant 6218:Bilateral descent 5971:Great-grandparent 5856:Matrifocal family 5510:978-0-87395-882-0 5210:on 2 January 2016 5044:Joanna Grossman, 4818:978-1-134-62415-7 4627:Purdue University 4252:"Ornamental Name" 4198:Butkus, Alvydas, 4088:978-1-5017-2023-9 4061:978-1-58477-576-8 4034:978-0-230-60179-6 4000:978-90-04-39597-8 3912:978-0-8047-8104-6 3872:978-0-19-284419-4 3821:978-0-19-967776-4 3692:978-0-7524-8349-8 3542:978-0-674-02953-8 3434:978-0-8020-9514-5 3193:Toponymic surname 2919: 2918: 2689:Compound surnames 2518:Guido Manini Rios 2382:and almost never 2372: 2371: 2233:Multiple surnames 2201:Iain Duncan Smith 2179: 2178: 2171: 2111:Compound surnames 2075:Council of Europe 1839: 1838: 1338:Topographic names 1243:Japanese surnames 1201:Toponymic surname 1022:Acquired surnames 666:Brigid of Kildare 481:linked to a place 399:Christian culture 265: 865–925 AD 148: 147: 140: 122: 16:(Redirected from 8307: 8100:Anthropomorphism 7845: 7793:Buddhist surname 7694: 7603: 7596: 7589: 7549:Hispanic America 7547: 7528: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7455: 7426: 7419: 7414:African-American 7412: 7405: 7323: 7307: 7300: 7271:Ashkenazi Jewish 7076:and Western Asia 7041:and Central Asia 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6953: 6814:Placeholder name 6719: 6663:Double-barrelled 6558: 6551: 6544: 6535: 6513:Astronaut family 6284: 6185:Iroquois kinship 6175:Sudanese kinship 6170:Hawaiian kinship 6145:Family of choice 5976:Great-grandchild 5851:Immediate family 5808: 5801: 5794: 5785: 5780: 5778: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5740:. Archived from 5710:Italian Surnames 5584: 5583:. 20 April 2009. 5566: 5560: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5429: 5423: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5333: 5326: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5161: 5155: 5145: 5139: 5132: 5126: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5090: 5063: 5057: 5041: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4884: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4635: 4629: 4609: 4603: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4522:О русских именах 4515: 4509: 4499:Russian surnames 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4462: 4456: 4441: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4416:. Archived from 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4320: 4314: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4222: 4216: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4170: 4161: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4121: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3899:Ury, S. (2012). 3896: 3890: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3771: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3645: 3636: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3463: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3392: 3386: 3378: 3362: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3312: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3252:. Archived from 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3210: 3164: 2900: 2897: 2837: 2824: 2812: 2811: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2353: 2350: 2287: 2276: 2265: 2264: 2223:Chinese surnames 2174: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2123: 2115: 1981:Surname of women 1730:Latvian surnames 1652: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1542: 1493:, specifically, 1058:Della Casagrande 648:from patronage ( 551:Turkish citizens 289:Hunayn ibn Ishaq 277:High Middle Ages 266: 263: 235:Chinese surnames 143: 136: 132: 129: 123: 121: 80: 56: 48: 32:Last Name (song) 21: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8270: 8105:Personification 8078: 8046: 7932: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7820:Theophoric name 7753: 7658: 7642: 7556: 7464: 7382: 7344: 7321: 7250: 7238: 7185: 7152: 7075: 7067: 7040: 7034: 6946: 6940: 6835: 6802:Posthumous name 6765: 6646: 6620: 6571: 6562: 6532: 6527: 6471: 6372: 6327: 6316:Seize quartiers 6282: 6223:Common ancestor 6207: 6199: 6165:Chinese kinship 6160:Nurture kinship 6150:Fictive kinship 6091: 6051: 6040:daughter-in-law 5994: 5959: 5924: 5860: 5846:Conjugal family 5841:Extended family 5817: 5812: 5776: 5761: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5731: 5726:Wayback Machine 5661:Wayback Machine 5642: 5610:Cottle, Basil. 5593: 5591:Further reading 5588: 5587: 5577:Wayback Machine 5567: 5563: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5447: 5445: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5420:Wayback Machine 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5385:The Local Spain 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5267: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5179: 5177: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5146: 5142: 5133: 5129: 5117:Wayback Machine 5108: 5104: 5067:Goldin, Claudia 5065: 5064: 5060: 5054:Wayback Machine 5042: 5038: 5029: 5025: 5019:Wayback Machine 5008: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4819: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4619:Wayback Machine 4610: 4606: 4596:Wayback Machine 4587: 4583: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4516: 4512: 4503:Русские фамилии 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4442: 4433: 4423: 4421: 4420:on 27 July 2021 4408: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4308: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4236: 4232: 4223: 4219: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4193: 4185:Cottle, Basil. 4184: 4173: 4162: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4122: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3822: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3647: 3646: 3639: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3494:(5): 753–759 . 3485: 3484: 3480: 3475:on 19 May 2011. 3472: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3058:Generation name 3043: 3028: 3022: 2898: 2895: 2835: 2834:de Albuquerque 2822: 2756: 2754:Portuguese name 2750: 2691: 2553: 2351: 2348: 2285: 2274: 2256: 2250: 2242:Main articles: 2240: 2235: 2219: 2213: 2193: 2187: 2175: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2140: 2124: 2113: 1983: 1956:putative father 1932: 1879: 1873: 1811:Polish surnames 1796:Slovak surnames 1628: 1622: 1616: 1543: 1474: 1468: 1430: 1276: 1203: 1197: 1084: 1078: 1046:foundling wheel 1024: 1005: 962: 642: 602: 592: 574: 566:Main articles: 564: 559: 512: 426:Norman Conquest 395: 306:clan names and 271:, Iran. In the 264: 223: 218: 144: 133: 127: 124: 81: 79: 69: 57: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8313: 8311: 8303: 8302: 8292: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8229: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8064: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8035:Ecclesiastical 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7913: 7903: 7893: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7885: 7884: 7882:Ecclesiastical 7874: 7869: 7864: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7771:Christian name 7767: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7666: 7664: 7661:Southeast Asia 7648: 7647: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7585:Eastern Slavic 7582: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7540: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7512: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7331: 7329: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7305: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7257: 7255: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7079: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6950: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6916: 6909: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6892: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6863: 6856: 6850: 6848: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6604: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6565:Personal names 6563: 6561: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6538: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6421:Children's Day 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6303: 6298: 6296:Pedigree chart 6292: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6263:Patrilineality 6260: 6258:Matrilineality 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6212: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6180:Eskimo kinship 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6061: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6032: 6030:Sibling-in-law 6027: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5870: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5836:Nuclear family 5833: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5754: 5744:on 19 May 2012 5729: 5715: 5706: 5699: 5692: 5685: 5665: 5650: 5641: 5640:External links 5638: 5637: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5581:New York Times 5568:LaFraniere S. 5561: 5542: 5516: 5509: 5489: 5459: 5424: 5402: 5371: 5345: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5251: 5221: 5190: 5156: 5140: 5127: 5102: 5081:(2): 143–160. 5058: 5036: 5023: 4999: 4965: 4939: 4904: 4855: 4836: 4817: 4797: 4768: 4738: 4719:(6): 699–726. 4703: 4676:(3): 307–319. 4660: 4630: 4604: 4589:"Filing Rules" 4581: 4564: 4538: 4526: 4510: 4495:Boris Unbegaun 4487: 4457: 4431: 4401: 4371: 4341: 4315: 4299: 4273: 4243: 4230: 4217: 4211:Tamás Farkas, 4204: 4191: 4171: 4164:Bernard Deacon 4153: 4140: 4124:Hanks, Patrick 4101: 4087: 4067: 4060: 4040: 4033: 4013: 3999: 3979: 3925: 3911: 3891: 3878: 3871: 3851: 3839: 3820: 3792: 3761: 3735: 3705: 3691: 3671: 3637: 3619: 3586: 3555: 3541: 3521: 3500:10.1086/203698 3478: 3447: 3433: 3413: 3387: 3382:Google Scholar 3354: 3324: 3267: 3235: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3119:One-name study 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3021: 3018: 3003:From the 1974 2917: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2817: 2815: 2752:Main article: 2749: 2746: 2706:Estrella, has 2690: 2687: 2552: 2549: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2281: 2279: 2270: 2268: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2215:Main article: 2212: 2209: 2186: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2127: 2125: 2118: 2112: 2109: 1982: 1979: 1931: 1928: 1922:). Note that " 1920:Robert FitzRoy 1872: 1869: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700:Irish surnames 1696: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1685:Greek surnames 1681: 1680: 1678: 1677:Suffix -dóttir 1675: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1618:Main article: 1615: 1612: 1573:Uralic peoples 1557:Latin alphabet 1513:and among the 1467: 1466:Order of names 1464: 1456:Russian Empire 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1335: 1294: 1275: 1272: 1254:Saddam Hussein 1225:Ó Creachmhaoil 1199:Main article: 1196: 1193: 1089:names include 1077: 1074: 1023: 1020: 1016:Sinti and Roma 1004: 1001: 990:Bernard Deacon 961: 958: 957: 956: 669: 641: 638: 578:Icelandic name 563: 560: 558: 555: 511: 508: 394: 391: 304:Archaic Period 222: 219: 217: 214: 146: 145: 60: 58: 51: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8312: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8280: 8277: 8276: 8273: 8267: 8264: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8111: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7815:Mandaean name 7813: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7776:Biblical name 7774: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7697: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7315: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7302:Ancient Greek 7299: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7249: 7248:North America 7245: 7241: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7039:Northern Asia 7037: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6889:Nom de guerre 6886: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6812: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576:Personal name 6574: 6570: 6566: 6559: 6554: 6552: 6547: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6483:Single parent 6481: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336:Relationships 6334: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6278:Royal descent 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6195:Omaha kinship 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125:Consanguinity 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6025:Parent-in-law 6023: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 6000:Family-in-law 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5809: 5804: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5760: 5755: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5546: 5543: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5493: 5490: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5406: 5403: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5375: 5372: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5330: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5278: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4966: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4908: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4837: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4811:. Routledge. 4810: 4809: 4801: 4798: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4772: 4769: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4661: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4585: 4582: 4577: 4576: 4568: 4565: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4536:, p. 10. 4535: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4488: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4453:0-19-860092-5 4450: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4274: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4136:0-19-211592-8 4133: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4090: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4017: 4014: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3983: 3980: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3855: 3852: 3849:, p. 20. 3848: 3843: 3840: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3796: 3793: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3694: 3688: 3684: 3683: 3675: 3672: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3620: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3587: 3574: 3570: 3569:Post Magazine 3566: 3559: 3556: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3532:Weird English 3525: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3436: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3417: 3414: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3268: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3161:Tussenvoegsel 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3129:Personal name 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3093:Name blending 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3027: 3019: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2901: 2883: 2881: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2838: 2827: 2825: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2686: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510:de la Barrera 2507: 2504:(given name) 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2354: 2336: 2334: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2289: 2278: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2182: 2173: 2170: 2162: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2128:This section 2126: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2048: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2007: 2005: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1936:personal name 1929: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760:Bulgarian and 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1587:– as was the 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1541: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:Greater China 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1229:County Galway 1226: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173:mystery plays 1170: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1066:van der Stoep 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1002: 1000: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 966: 959: 954: 951:) with "Mac" 950: 949: 944: 943: 938: 937: 932: 931: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 907: 902: 901: 896: 895: 890: 889: 884: 881:(from Emma), 880: 877:(from Maud), 876: 875: 870: 866: 865: 860: 859: 854: 853: 848: 847: 842: 841: 836: 835: 830: 829: 824: 823: 818: 817: 812: 811: 806: 805: 800: 799: 794: 793: 788: 787: 782: 781: 776: 775: 770: 769: 764: 763: 758: 757: 752: 751: 746: 745: 740: 739: 734: 733: 728: 727: 722: 721: 716: 715: 710: 709: 704: 703: 698: 697: 692: 691: 686: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 667: 663: 659: 656:(follower of 655: 651: 647: 644: 643: 639: 633: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 601: 597: 591: 587: 583: 579: 573: 569: 561: 556: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 528: 526: 522: 518: 517:Japanese name 509: 507: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 485:village green 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 445:British Isles 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422:Domesday Book 418: 416: 410: 408: 404: 400: 392: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 375: 370: 366: 362: 361: 356: 354: 347: 345: 341: 337: 336: 332: 327: 323: 322: 318:was known as 317: 313: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 259: 255: 252:, the use of 251: 247: 244:In the early 242: 240: 239:Shang dynasty 236: 232: 227: 220: 215: 213: 211: 206: 203: 198: 194: 192: 187: 183: 179: 178:personal name 175: 171: 167: 159: 154: 150: 142: 139: 131: 128:February 2023 120: 117: 113: 110: 106: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: – 88: 84: 83:Find sources: 77: 73: 67: 66: 61:This article 59: 55: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 8254:Signum manus 8242:Royal cypher 8207: 8192:Nomen nescio 8190: 8186:Nomenclature 8181:Naming taboo 7993:Professional 7836:of authority 7786:Saint's name 7451:Scandinavian 7073:Muslim world 6911: 6887: 6858: 6710:Occupational 6641: 6592: 6569:anthroponymy 6416:Parents' Day 6406:Siblings Day 6396:Father's Day 6384:Mother's Day 6368:Polyfidelity 6363:Filial piety 6288:Family trees 6227: 6190:Crow kinship 6140:Estrangement 6035:Child-in-law 5955:Niece/Nephew 5774:the original 5769: 5765: 5748:19 September 5746:. Retrieved 5742:the original 5737: 5717: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5678: 5673:Ancestry.com 5667: 5652: 5645: 5632: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5580: 5564: 5545: 5533:. Retrieved 5519: 5499: 5492: 5480:. Retrieved 5472:Spanish Dict 5471: 5462: 5454: 5448:22 September 5446:. Retrieved 5437: 5427: 5410: 5405: 5393:. Retrieved 5384: 5374: 5362:. Retrieved 5348: 5336:. Retrieved 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5268:. Retrieved 5254: 5242:. Retrieved 5233: 5224: 5212:. Retrieved 5208:the original 5203: 5193: 5185: 5180:22 September 5178:. Retrieved 5174:the original 5169: 5159: 5143: 5130: 5120: 5105: 5078: 5074: 5061: 5045: 5039: 5031: 5026: 4990:. Retrieved 4978: 4968: 4956:. Retrieved 4942: 4920:(2): 78–81. 4917: 4913: 4907: 4875:(1): 35–65. 4872: 4868: 4858: 4849: 4839: 4827:. Retrieved 4807: 4800: 4788:. Retrieved 4778: 4771: 4759:. Retrieved 4748: 4741: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4651:. Retrieved 4640: 4633: 4607: 4584: 4574: 4567: 4555:. Retrieved 4541: 4534:Kennett 2012 4529: 4521: 4513: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4478:. Retrieved 4469: 4460: 4444: 4422:. Retrieved 4418:the original 4413: 4404: 4392:. Retrieved 4383: 4374: 4362:. Retrieved 4353: 4344: 4332:. Retrieved 4328: 4318: 4310: 4290:. Retrieved 4276: 4264:. Retrieved 4256:Nordic Names 4255: 4246: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4220: 4207: 4194: 4186: 4148: 4143: 4127: 4092:. Retrieved 4077: 4070: 4050: 4043: 4023: 4016: 4004:. Retrieved 3989: 3982: 3970:. Retrieved 3942: 3938: 3928: 3916:. Retrieved 3901: 3894: 3886: 3881: 3861: 3854: 3847:Kennett 2012 3842: 3830:. Retrieved 3802: 3795: 3783:. Retrieved 3752:. Retrieved 3738: 3726:. Retrieved 3717: 3708: 3696:. Retrieved 3681: 3674: 3664:21 September 3662:. Retrieved 3653: 3630: 3627:Benet Salway 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3606:the original 3600: 3589: 3577:. Retrieved 3568: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3531: 3524: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3470:the original 3465: 3440:21 September 3438:. Retrieved 3423: 3416: 3404:. Retrieved 3400: 3390: 3379: 3366: 3347:21 September 3345:. Retrieved 3336: 3327: 3287:(1): 13–23. 3284: 3280: 3270: 3258:. Retrieved 3254:the original 3247: 3238: 3226:. Retrieved 3217: 3208: 3036: 3029: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2894: 2833: 2820: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2732: 2725: 2718: 2692: 2566: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2524:is also the 2521: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2392: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2347: 2284: 2273: 2257: 2220: 2194: 2180: 2165: 2156: 2141:Please help 2129: 2104: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082:West Germany 2079: 2067: 2060: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2021: 2017: 2008: 2000: 1984: 1968: 1964: 1951:Surname laws 1949: 1933: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1880: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1629: 1604: 1593: 1571:, but other 1554: 1535: 1475: 1449: 1431: 1337: 1296: 1280:Estate names 1279: 1265: 1260:, a city in 1251: 1240: 1233: 1217: 1212: 1204: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1166: 1160: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1087:Occupational 1085: 1039: 1031: 1025: 1013: 1007: 1006: 994: 967: 963: 946: 940: 934: 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 892: 886: 882: 878: 872: 868: 862: 856: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 820: 814: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 754: 748: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 700: 694: 688: 682: 679:or ancestral 671: 661: 653: 649: 645: 603: 582:Habesha name 532: 529: 524: 520: 513: 501: 476: 438: 419: 414: 411: 402: 396: 386: 382: 378: 372: 368: 359: 350: 348: 334: 330: 320: 301: 243: 228: 224: 207: 199: 195: 184:to form the 173: 169: 165: 163: 149: 134: 125: 115: 108: 101: 94: 82: 70:Please help 65:verification 62: 8227:Proper name 8149:Name change 8003:Educational 7981:Substantive 7920:decorations 7803:Jewish name 7798:Dharma name 7763:By religion 7428:Hongkongese 7253:Australasia 7093:Azerbaijani 6826:Regnal name 6807:Temple name 6637:Middle name 6625:By sequence 6602:Matrilineal 6598:Patrilineal 6243:Inheritance 6228:Family name 6087:Stepsibling 5981:Great-uncle 5936:Grandparent 4981:: 853–861. 3337:BBC History 3149:Surname map 3144:Surname law 3098:Name change 2742:preposition 2417:or painter 2159:August 2023 2024:matrilineal 2006:continued. 1970:matrilineal 1965:patrilineal 1961:patrilineal 1930:Surname law 1752:Prefix Nic- 1749:Prefix Mac- 1674:Suffix -son 1661:Female form 1644:Azerbaijani 1540:ue-no-namae 1208:Old English 677:matronymics 673:Patronymics 590:Hebrew name 586:Arabic name 521:family name 504:Middle Ages 417:, "shoe"). 321:Heracleides 308:patronymics 293:Mesopotamia 254:patronymics 191:name change 170:family name 8220:Identifier 8203:Onomastics 8144:Legal name 8124:Deadnaming 8020:Diplomatic 7976:Subsidiary 7971:Hereditary 7862:Diplomatic 7781:Papal name 7690:Indonesian 7656:South Asia 7652:Indosphere 7618:Macedonian 7591:Belarusian 7498:Portuguese 7340:Lithuanian 7234:Zimbabwean 7030:Vietnamese 6990:Generation 6957:East Asian 6945:By culture 6919:Stage name 6876:Hypocorism 6841:Pseudonyms 6831:Slave name 6782:Birth name 6734:Teknonymic 6715:Patronymic 6695:Matronymic 6658:Diminutive 6632:First name 6588:Given name 6583:Birth name 6488:Only child 6433:Family Day 6306:Ahnentafel 6268:Progenitor 6130:Disownment 6075:stepmother 6070:stepfather 6065:Stepparent 6057:Stepfamily 6045:son-in-law 5985:Great-aunt 5941:Grandchild 5482:16 October 5395:16 October 5234:Légifrance 5214:3 November 5204:canada.com 5138:. The Age. 4480:17 October 3218:Britannica 3200:References 3188:Patronymic 3109:Naming law 3068:Legal name 3063:Given name 3024:See also: 3020:Prevalence 2832:Ana Luísa 2713:Paz y Miño 2702:, General 2598:tresmeranu 2592:llebaniegu 2446:. de Gómez 2409:("and" in 2394:children. 2252:See also: 2105:přechýlení 2070:Civil code 2012:Lucy Stone 1992:birth name 1987:Henry VIII 1875:See also: 1664:Reference 1624:See also: 1569:Hungarians 1157:patronymic 1136:Eisenhower 1127:Eisenhauer 1080:See also: 1042:foundlings 1035:slave name 690:Stephenson 684:Richardson 654:Kilpatrick 614:matronymic 606:patronymic 576:See also: 539:anglicized 527:in 1868. 525:given name 510:Modern era 383:praenomina 379:praenomina 285:profession 250:Arab world 210:onomastics 182:given name 98:newspapers 8232:Signature 8119:Call sign 8095:Anonymity 8030:Religious 7956:Chivalric 7877:Religious 7872:Judiciary 7857:Honorific 7840:of honour 7739:Sinhalese 7729:Pakistani 7714:Malaysian 7709:Cambodian 7613:Kashubian 7605:Ukrainian 7570:Bulgarian 7509:Praenomen 7446:Icelandic 7317:Hungarian 7118:Pakistani 7053:Mongolian 6907:Ring name 6900:Heteronym 6866:Nicknames 6787:Code name 6739:Toponymic 6729:Sobriquet 6705:Mononymic 6700:Metonymic 6642:Last name 6498:Godparent 6205:Genealogy 6082:Stepchild 5831:Household 5550:Genealogy 4934:0027-7738 4899:225419103 4891:2335-2736 4733:145557628 4698:143703825 4690:0275-7206 4625:website, 4547:"Guttorm" 3959:0010-4175 3579:3 October 3516:144920735 3375:0018-6813 3301:1475-6773 3260:3 October 3244:"surname" 3214:"Surname" 3134:Skin name 3088:Matriname 3053:Genealogy 2973:("son of 2971:Rodrigues 2965:("son of 2963:Henriques 2957:("son of 2949:("son of 2941:("son of 2933:("son of 2931:Fernandes 2925:("son of 2923:Gonçalves 2899:Gonçalves 2823:Gonçalves 2821:da Silva 2682:andarível 2670:trapajeru 2580:masoniegu 2569:Cantabria 2463:Nicaragua 2459:Guatemala 2399:Catalonia 2384:Rodríguez 2227:character 2130:does not 1793:Czech and 1658:Male form 1640:Icelandic 1638:, Irish, 1561:customary 1454:. In the 1398:Underwood 1142:Schneider 1054:Innocenti 906:Armstrong 900:Henderson 888:MacDonald 810:Nicholson 616:such as " 608:such as " 493:Jenkinson 432:and most 403:cognomina 374:praenomen 312:Aristides 186:full name 174:last name 87:"Surname" 8294:Category 8249:Khelrtva 8237:Monogram 8198:Misnomer 8176:Namesake 8110:National 8067:Name day 8025:Judicial 8015:Business 8008:Honorary 7998:Academic 7988:Military 7961:Courtesy 7946:Academic 7911:Academic 7901:Emeritus 7704:Javanese 7685:Filipino 7670:Balinese 7638:Suffixes 7575:Croatian 7538:Romanian 7523:Cognomen 7421:Canadian 7407:American 7388:Germanic 7373:Scottish 7291:Georgian 7281:Estonian 7266:Armenian 7261:Albanian 7219:Ghanaian 7176:Hawaiian 7113:Mandaean 7020:Okinawan 7005:Japanese 6976:Courtesy 6936:Username 6929:Mononyms 6895:Pen name 6881:Monarchs 6854:Art name 6797:Necronym 6777:Aptronym 6690:Eponymic 6651:By trait 6377:Holidays 6301:Genogram 6238:Heredity 6233:Heirloom 6155:Marriage 6120:Affinity 6115:Adoption 5901:daughter 5722:Archived 5657:Archived 5573:Archived 5553:Archived 5535:16 April 5529:Archived 5476:Archived 5442:Archived 5416:Archived 5389:Archived 5358:Archived 5338:16 April 5329:Archived 5270:16 April 5264:Archived 5238:Archived 5113:Archived 5069:(2004). 5050:Archived 5015:Archived 4952:Archived 4823:Archived 4790:10 April 4784:Archived 4761:10 April 4755:Archived 4653:10 April 4647:Archived 4615:Archived 4592:Archived 4557:16 April 4551:Archived 4505:, 1989, 4474:Archived 4470:BBC News 4388:Archived 4358:Archived 4329:NBC News 4286:Archived 4260:Archived 3826:Archived 3779:Archived 3748:Archived 3728:1 August 3722:Archived 3658:Archived 3573:Archived 3341:Archived 3319:30506674 3228:11 April 3222:Archived 3048:Dit name 3041:See also 2967:Henrique 2935:Fernando 2767:Portugal 2640:marotias 2634:mallavia 2622:tresneru 2561:Asturias 2481:marries 2467:Honduras 2429:("of"), 2380:Zapatero 2004:testator 1941:§History 1905:Velbaitė 1901:Velbienė 1655:Language 1630:In most 1567:and the 1563:for the 1523:Thailand 1511:Cambodia 1483:forename 1478:European 1333:Tremblay 1321:Leighton 1317:Laughton 1309:Hamilton 1292:Staunton 1274:Examples 1116:Shepherd 1110:Thatcher 1050:Esposito 955:for son. 942:Campbell 936:Crawford 883:Marriott 858:Harrison 828:Ferguson 816:Robinson 768:Reynolds 720:Thompson 702:Williams 662:Kilbride 646:Patronal 640:Examples 626:Giovanni 610:Andersen 457:Williams 434:Scottish 326:Heracles 43:Suriname 18:Surnames 8300:Surname 8169:Surname 8090:Acronym 8083:Related 8062:Baptism 7696:Chinese 7680:Burmese 7675:Bengali 7628:Serbian 7598:Russian 7543:Spanish 7530:Agnomen 7493:Occitan 7488:Italian 7478:Catalan 7470:Romance 7457:Swedish 7401:English 7358:Cornish 7335:Latvian 7309:Cypriot 7286:Finnish 7199:Ashanti 7158:Oceania 7148:Turkish 7128:Persian 7123:Pashtun 7098:Bengali 7063:Tibetan 6970:Chinese 6913:Shikona 6819:Notname 6751:Patrial 6744:Surname 6721:Surname 6668:Epithet 6607:Affixes 6593:Surname 6476:Related 6210:lineage 6135:Divorce 6105:Kinship 6018:husband 5913:brother 5908:Sibling 5826:History 5364:3 April 5097:3216895 4958:23 June 4621:on the 4602:website 4598:on the 4424:27 July 4394:27 July 4364:27 July 4292:27 July 4266:27 July 3967:3879399 3832:1 March 3785:21 July 3508:2743616 3310:6338295 3104:-ington 2975:Rodrigo 2955:Sanches 2927:Gonçalo 2896:Pereira 2836:Pereira 2819:Carlos 2795:euphony 2728:Pazmiño 2700:Ecuador 2646:llamoso 2616:merachu 2574:pasiegu 2557:Galicia 2545:hermana 2455:Ecuador 2411:Catalan 2211:Chinese 2185:English 2151:removed 2136:sources 2086:Denmark 2035:Gitxsan 1945:mononym 1888:Sorbian 1608:Belgium 1531:Hungary 1507:Vietnam 1442:De Luca 1346:Bridges 1288:Windsor 1168:Roberts 1162:Vickers 1148:Schmidt 1062:Trovato 982:Sheriff 930:Douglas 924:Stewart 918:Cameron 874:Madison 852:Roberts 840:Edwards 750:Simpson 732:Johnson 708:Jackson 658:Patrick 650:Hickman 622:O'Brien 489:Jackson 430:English 389:alone. 335:Caranus 331:Karanos 246:Islamic 216:History 166:surname 112:scholar 8259:Tughra 8164:Middle 8134:Family 7938:Titles 7924:medals 7922:, and 7916:Orders 7896:Suffix 7849:Styles 7808:Hebrew 7734:Sindhi 7719:Indian 7633:Slovak 7623:Polish 7562:Slavic 7483:French 7441:Gothic 7436:German 7350:Celtic 7327:Baltic 7276:Basque 7244:Europe 7229:Yoruba 7171:Fijian 7138:Somali 7133:Sindhi 7108:Coptic 7103:Berber 7088:Arabic 7083:Afghan 7048:Kalmyk 7015:Manchu 7010:Korean 6997:Titles 6761:Virtue 6756:Unisex 6678:Common 6673:Animal 6518:Incest 6438:Canada 6008:Spouse 5990:Cousin 5918:sister 5884:father 5879:mother 5874:Parent 5815:Family 5614:(1967) 5507: 5244:24 May 5095: 5021:(2005) 4992:6 June 4932: 4897: 4889: 4829:15 May 4815: 4731: 4696: 4688: 4642:impact 4451: 4334:2 June 4134: 4094:2 June 4085: 4058: 4031: 4006:2 June 3997: 3972:2 June 3965: 3957: 3918:2 June 3909: 3869: 3818: 3754:17 May 3698:2 June 3689: 3612:13 May 3548:2 June 3539: 3514: 3506: 3431: 3406:2 June 3373: 3317: 3307: 3299: 2959:Sancho 2951:Soeiro 2947:Soares 2893:Lucas 2771:Angola 2738:Basque 2676:lichón 2664:tarugu 2628:troule 2610:naveru 2604:pejinu 2586:sobanu 2559:, and 2502:Javier 2475:Panama 2352:Acosta 2349:García 2346:Pablo 2286:Acosta 2283:María 2277:Torres 2275:García 2197:hyphen 2063:Québec 1897:Velbis 1642:, and 1600:Telugu 1527:Telugu 1525:. The 1505:, and 1414:Morley 1394:Forest 1390:Holmes 1354:Brooks 1342:Bridge 1329:Sutton 1325:Murray 1313:London 1301:Burton 1299:e.g., 1267:nisbah 1258:Tikrit 1189:Virgin 1129:(iron 1122:Potter 1104:Farmer 1098:Miller 1070:Monday 986:Knight 974:Bishop 953:Gaelic 948:Hunter 894:Forbes 879:Emmott 869:Molson 864:Watson 846:Hudson 822:Powell 804:Morrow 798:Murphy 792:Rogers 780:Dawson 762:Davies 756:Willis 738:Harris 726:Benson 714:Wilson 618:Beaton 588:, and 473:Wilson 471:, and 469:Davies 465:Taylor 415:zapato 357:) The 273:Levant 258:Rhazes 221:Origin 202:barons 114: 107: 100: 93: 85: 8209:-onym 8159:Given 8155:List 8040:Papal 7966:False 7580:Czech 7516:Nomen 7503:Roman 7396:Dutch 7378:Welsh 7363:Irish 7296:Greek 7181:Māori 7143:Tatar 7058:Sakha 6965:Amami 6683:Plant 6426:Japan 5946:Uncle 5891:Child 5777:(PDF) 5762:(PDF) 5332:(PDF) 5325:(PDF) 5093:JSTOR 4914:Names 4895:S2CID 4729:S2CID 4694:S2CID 3963:JSTOR 3512:S2CID 3504:JSTOR 3473:(PDF) 3462:(PDF) 3032:Smith 2939:Nunes 2734:Álava 2506:Reyes 2495:viuda 2435:de la 2288:Gómez 2272:José 2221:Some 2031:Haida 1985:King 1884:Sorbs 1636:Greek 1596:caste 1581:Samis 1515:Hmong 1503:Japan 1428:Other 1422:Perry 1418:Moore 1410:Stone 1406:Field 1386:Grove 1378:Leigh 1350:Brook 1305:Flint 1284:Ernle 1241:Many 1221:Lucca 1139:) or 1131:hewer 1092:Smith 978:Abbot 912:Grant 834:Davis 786:Lewis 774:Adams 744:Evans 696:Jones 660:) or 612:", a 497:Short 491:, or 461:Brown 453:Jones 449:Smith 387:nomen 369:nomen 360:nomen 344:Homer 297:Islam 281:tribe 231:Fu Xi 172:, or 119:JSTOR 105:books 7832:List 7749:Thai 7659:and 7368:Manx 7251:and 7224:Igbo 6924:List 6871:list 6860:Bugō 6845:list 6567:and 6389:U.S. 6273:Clan 6208:and 6013:wife 5950:Aunt 5750:2008 5537:2018 5505:ISBN 5484:2017 5450:2008 5397:2017 5366:2022 5340:2018 5272:2018 5246:2021 5216:2013 5182:2008 4994:2024 4960:2023 4930:ISSN 4887:ISSN 4831:2023 4813:ISBN 4792:2023 4763:2023 4750:2004 4686:ISSN 4655:2023 4559:2018 4482:2011 4449:ISBN 4426:2021 4396:2021 4366:2021 4336:2024 4294:2021 4268:2021 4132:ISBN 4096:2024 4083:ISBN 4056:ISBN 4029:ISBN 4008:2024 3995:ISBN 3974:2024 3955:ISSN 3920:2024 3907:ISBN 3867:ISBN 3834:2020 3816:ISBN 3787:2018 3756:2022 3730:2023 3700:2024 3687:ISBN 3666:2008 3614:2016 3581:2017 3550:2024 3537:ISBN 3442:2008 3429:ISBN 3408:2024 3371:ISSN 3349:2020 3315:PMID 3297:ISSN 3262:2017 3230:2023 2986:Maia 2969:"), 2961:"), 2953:"), 2945:"), 2943:Nuno 2937:"), 2929:"), 2785:and 2769:and 2708:Luis 2658:ñecu 2652:lipa 2471:Peru 2246:and 2134:any 2132:cite 2033:and 1924:Fitz 1589:norm 1577:clan 1547:上の名前 1521:and 1519:Laos 1438:bear 1434:Ryan 1402:Hall 1382:Wood 1370:Lake 1366:Hill 1362:Camp 1358:Bush 1262:Iraq 1187:and 1184:Lord 1178:King 1032:i.e. 970:King 598:and 570:and 365:gens 351:See 91:news 7724:Lao 7214:Ewe 6983:Art 5896:son 5083:doi 4983:doi 4922:doi 4877:doi 4721:doi 4678:doi 3947:doi 3808:doi 3496:doi 3305:PMC 3289:doi 3183:Van 3178:Von 2698:of 2685:). 2444:Sra 2431:del 2145:by 1998:.) 1552:). 1517:of 1446:Lee 1376:or 1374:Lee 1352:or 1344:or 1234:In 1213:tūn 628:". 269:Ray 74:by 8296:: 7918:, 7246:, 6460:UK 5770:45 5768:. 5764:. 5736:. 5679:, 5671:, 5579:. 5470:. 5436:. 5387:. 5383:. 5356:. 5236:. 5232:. 5202:. 5184:. 5168:. 5151:. 5119:, 5091:. 5079:18 5077:. 5073:. 5002:^ 4977:. 4928:. 4918:21 4916:. 4893:. 4885:. 4871:. 4867:. 4848:. 4821:. 4727:. 4717:14 4715:. 4692:. 4684:. 4674:21 4672:. 4497:, 4468:. 4434:^ 4412:. 4382:. 4352:. 4327:. 4302:^ 4284:. 4258:. 4254:. 4174:^ 4166:, 4156:^ 4104:^ 3961:. 3953:. 3943:44 3941:. 3937:. 3824:. 3814:. 3764:^ 3746:. 3720:. 3716:. 3652:. 3640:^ 3598:. 3571:. 3567:. 3510:. 3502:. 3492:29 3490:. 3464:. 3450:^ 3399:. 3357:^ 3339:. 3335:. 3313:. 3303:. 3295:. 3285:54 3283:. 3279:. 3246:. 3220:. 3216:. 2679:, 2673:, 2667:, 2661:, 2655:, 2649:, 2643:, 2637:, 2631:, 2625:, 2619:, 2613:, 2607:, 2601:, 2595:, 2589:, 2583:, 2577:, 2522:De 2473:, 2469:, 2465:, 2461:, 2457:, 2453:, 2439:de 2427:de 2421:. 2229:. 1977:. 1907:. 1501:, 1497:, 1451:Li 1420:, 1416:, 1412:, 1408:, 1404:, 1400:, 1396:, 1392:, 1388:, 1384:, 1380:, 1372:, 1368:, 1364:, 1360:, 1356:, 1348:, 1331:, 1327:, 1323:, 1319:, 1315:, 1311:, 1307:, 1303:, 1290:, 1286:, 1270:. 1181:, 1119:, 1113:, 1107:, 1101:, 1095:, 1060:, 1056:, 1052:, 999:. 984:, 980:, 976:, 972:, 945:, 939:, 933:, 927:, 921:, 915:, 909:, 903:, 897:, 891:, 861:, 855:, 849:, 843:, 837:, 831:, 825:, 819:, 813:, 807:, 801:, 795:, 789:, 783:, 777:, 771:, 765:, 759:, 753:, 747:, 741:, 735:, 729:, 723:, 717:, 711:, 705:, 693:, 687:, 675:, 668:). 584:, 580:, 523:+ 467:, 463:, 459:, 455:, 451:, 299:. 283:, 262:c. 212:. 193:. 168:, 164:A 7838:/ 7663:) 7654:( 6847:) 6843:( 6600:/ 6557:e 6550:t 6543:v 5983:/ 5948:/ 5807:e 5800:t 5793:v 5752:. 5714:. 5684:) 5539:. 5513:. 5486:. 5452:. 5399:. 5368:. 5342:. 5274:. 5248:. 5218:. 5099:. 5085:: 4985:: 4962:. 4936:. 4924:: 4901:. 4879:: 4873:8 4852:. 4833:. 4794:. 4765:. 4735:. 4723:: 4700:. 4680:: 4657:. 4561:. 4484:. 4455:. 4428:. 4398:. 4368:. 4338:. 4296:. 4270:. 4138:. 4098:. 4064:. 4037:. 4010:. 3976:. 3949:: 3922:. 3875:. 3836:. 3810:: 3789:. 3758:. 3732:. 3702:. 3668:. 3616:. 3583:. 3552:. 3518:. 3498:: 3444:. 3410:. 3385:. 3377:. 3351:. 3321:. 3291:: 3264:. 3232:. 2407:i 2403:y 2172:) 2166:( 2161:) 2157:( 2153:. 2139:. 1550:) 1544:( 1537:( 1153:s 355:. 333:/ 260:( 141:) 135:( 130:) 126:( 116:· 109:· 102:· 95:· 68:. 45:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index