31:
366:
574:
Svecokarelian orogeny is the name of an alternative and slightly different orogeny conceptualization that overlaps with the
Svecofennian orogeny. As of 2004 there was no consensus on the usage of the terms. Some geologists prefer the term Svecofennian orogeny rather than Svecokarelian orogeny because
130:
The
Svecofennian orogeny developed as a succession of four orogenies which by chronological order are: the Lapland-Savo orogeny, the Fennian orogeny, the Svecobaltic orogeny and the Nordic orogeny. In broad terms, regardless of details, it has been proposed that the Svecofennian orogeny involved
252:
Prior to the
Svecobaltic orogeny proper there was period of northward-directed subduction at what is now south-central Sweden and southern Finland. The subduction lasted from 1860 to 1840 million years ago and was accompanied by
369:
Map showing the large-scale geological units of
Finland. The Svecofennian orogen (4) is shown in violet blue. The Older Karelian Domain (3) is orange coloured. Areas younger than the Svecofennian orogen are in
481:. Rocks of the outer zone are estimated to have formed 1890–1860 million years ago and granitoids of the inner zone 1840–1790 million years ago. In addition to those two zones Baltybaev identifies a narrow
328:
from 1790 to 1770 million years ago. The late magmatism following the orogeny overlaps in time with the early magmatism of the
Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. This magmatism was largely the result of
769:
Nironen, Mikko; Irmeli, Mänttäri (2012). "Timing of accretion, intra-orogenic sedimentation and basin inversion in the
Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian orogen: The Pyhäntaka area, southern Finland".
925:Åhäll, K.-I.; Connelly, J.M.; Brewer, T.S. (2002). "Transitioning from Svecofennian to Transcandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) magmatism in SE Sweden: Implications from the 1.82 Ga Eksjö tonalite".
110:
grew with this new material from what is today northeast to the southwest. The accretion of the island arcs was also related to two other processes that occurred in the same period;
747:
Lahtinen, Raimo; Korja, Annakaisa; Nironen, Mikko; Heikkinen, Pekka (2009). "Palaeoproterozoic accretionary processes in
Fennoscandia". In Cawood, P.A.; Kröner, A. (eds.).
1094:
289:
1830 million years ago. This last event of basin inversion was associated with a period of metamorphism in southern
Finland that peaked about 1820 million years ago.
210:
The stage to the
Fennian orogeny was set by a collision between Keitele and Karelia about 1920–1910 million years ago which resulted in a reorganization of the local
90:. The resulting orogen is known as the Svecofennian orogen or Svecofennides. To the west and southwest the Svecofennian orogen limits with the generally younger
1006:
835:
Lahtinen, Raimo; Johnston, Stephen T.; Nironen, Mikko (2014). "The
Bothnian coupled oroclines of the Svecofennian Orogen: a Palaeoproterozoic terrane wreck".
596:
Högdahl, K.; Andersson, U.B.; Eklund, O. (2004). "The Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) in Sweden: a review of its character and evolution (foreword)".
682:
Gorbatschev, R. (2004). "1. The Transscandinavian Igneous Belt - introduction and background". In Högdahl, K.; Andersson, U.B. & Eklund, O. (eds.).
269:
and metamorphism in southern Finland ended gradually after 1870 million years ago. The orogen at southern Finland with its presumed mountains and thick
637:
Baltybaev, Sh.K. (2013). "Svecofennian Orogen of the Fennoscandian Shield: Compositional and Isotopic Zoning and Its Tectonic Interpretation".
875:
Korja, Annakaisa; Lahtinen, Raimo; Nironen, Mikko (2006). "The Svecofennian orogen: a collage of microcontinents and island arcs (abstract)".
1063:
910:
Andersson, U.B. & Öhlander, B. (2004). "7.2. The late Svecofennian magmatism". In Högdahl, K.; Andersson, U.B. & Eklund, O. (eds.).
1660:
1650:
1528:
1080:
225:
starting the Fennian orogeny. The until then linear Fennian orogen was "buckled" from 1870 million years ago onwards due to an
1609:
977:
513:
281:
formed. The Svecobaltic orogeny developed when subduction bought the Fennoscandian Craton into an oblique collision with the
273:
collapsed under the influence of gravity and spread out. By 1850 million years ago this collapse had evolved to a dynamic of
91:
43:
171:, the "pre-Svecofennian Ocean", that then closed during the Svecofennian orogeny. The closure of this basin was indebted to
1087:
1219:
1194:
1169:
1640:
1043:
969:
598:
1645:
325:
1655:
1584:
1538:
1332:
1144:
544:
The boundary of the Svecofennian orogen with the Archean "Kola-Karelian orogen" to the northwest is made up by the
455:
1558:
1312:
1594:
345:
131:
more-less continuous subduction with subduction zones progressively migrating to the southwest. An alternative
397:
1489:
1434:
1154:
1149:
98:
just as the western parts of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt has. The Svecofennian orogeny involved the
1604:
1543:
1479:
1164:
639:
529:
95:
35:
1619:
1563:
1499:
552:
401:
310:
274:
262:
258:
136:
1245:
1047:
846:
837:
809:
774:
708:
699:
648:
1484:
1327:
1579:
1260:
1139:
421:
375:
306:
286:
195:
99:
1403:
1307:
94:. It is assumed that the westernmost fringes of the Svecofennian orogen have been reworked by the
1279:
944:
892:
664:
233:
184:
140:
51:
1408:
1373:
27:
Geological process that resulted in formation of continental crust in Sweden, Finland and Russia
1368:
1297:
1059:
1055:
973:
278:
270:
266:
254:
222:
199:
83:
67:
1553:
1464:
1015:
936:
884:
854:
817:
782:
716:
656:
409:
318:
282:
180:
148:
87:
912:
The Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) in Sweden: a review of its character and evolution
684:
The Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) in Sweden: a review of its character and evolution
1614:
1439:
1214:
389:
241:
230:
132:
111:
1523:
1317:
1209:
525:
489:
and the Archean craton to the north and east. Nironen and Mänttäri (2012) uses the terms
257:. Two trends in the southern Svecofennian orogen variously overlapped in time and space:
963:
850:
813:
778:
712:
652:
30:
1393:
1358:
1322:
1302:
1134:
1124:
218:
211:
1002:"Timing of Svecofennian crustal growth and collisional tectonics in Ă…land, SW Finland"
821:
1634:
1589:
1548:
1378:
1363:
1250:
1229:
1204:
1199:
1129:
1119:
1103:
1039:
948:
927:
896:
720:
668:
786:
751:. Vol. 318. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. pp. 237–256.
528:
area. It has been proposed that the Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt continues beneath the
1514:
1111:
888:
697:
Gorbatschev, Roland; Bogdanova, Svetlana (1993). "Frontiers in the Baltic Shield".
575:
evidence of orogenic movements is found mostly in the younger Svecofennian bedrock.
512:
is a granitoid region of the Svecofennian orogen completely surrounded by rocks of
470:
314:
297:
Two models exist regarding the origin of the Nordic orogeny: one proposes it as an
176:
144:
119:
115:
39:
365:
190:
about 1950 million years ago. In the later stages of the Lapland-Savo orogeny an
42:: the Svecofennian orogen is shown in yellow. The blue areas to the west are the
1533:
1474:
1449:
1398:
1388:
1224:
168:
1020:
1001:
1494:
1444:
1289:
1265:
1159:
940:
660:
521:
433:
302:
226:
215:
191:
172:
103:
1413:
533:
474:
458:
333:
187:
17:
1418:
962:
Plant, J.A.; Whittaker, A.; Demetriades, A.; De Vivo, B.; Lexa, J. (2005).
143:
cycles, with the orogenic activity ceasing after the collision between the
1072:
329:
237:
1459:
1454:
1383:
1255:
1186:
466:
452:
381:
340:. Another characteristic of the late magmatism is the apparent lack of
160:
75:
63:
858:
384:
as composing the Svecofennian orogen (parenthesis indicate location):
1469:
1353:
478:
349:
337:
313:
and the other poses it might have resulted from the collision of the
107:
79:
71:
800:
Nironen, Mikko (1997). "The Svecofennian Orogen: a tectonic model".
914:. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 37. pp. 102–104.
364:
341:
298:
47:
29:
1050:; Calner, Mikael; Sivhed, Ulf (2011). "Svekokarelska Provinsen".
686:. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 37. pp. 9–15.
164:
1076:
558:
runs across much of southern Finland in a west–east direction.
380:
Geologist Baltybaev (2013) have identified the following
1000:
Ehlers, Carl; Skiöld, Torbjörn; Vaasjoki, Matti (2004).
163:-aged craton of what is today northeastern Fennoscandia
764:
762:
760:
758:
473:
found in the two zones while the outer zone contains
285:. The mentioned sedimentary basins were destroyed by
1572:
1512:
1427:
1346:
1287:
1278:
1238:
1185:
1178:
1110:
497:for approximately the same areas Baltybaev calls
870:
868:
965:The Geological and Tectonic Framework of Europe
632:
630:
628:
626:
82:. The orogenies lasted from about 2000 to 1800
469:granitoids. There are differences between the
66:that resulted in the formation of much of the
1088:
1007:Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
8:
749:Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time
599:Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper
439:Baltybaev further distinguishes between an
175:and resulted thus both in the formation of
135:postulates subduction included alternating
1284:
1182:
1095:
1081:
1073:
483:zone of conjugation with Archean complexes
1019:
428:(southern Finland–Russia border) and the
277:. In this extensional milieu short-lived
1052:Sveriges Geologi: FrĂĄn urtid till nutid
588:
567:
348:among the magmas, which are nearly all
261:(1870 to 1840 million years ago) and
106:in such manner that the pre-existing
7:
1054:(in Swedish) (3rd ed.). Spain:
520:runs as sliver from the vicinity of
324:The Svecofennian orogen underwent a
293:Nordic orogeny and later development
877:Geological Society, London, Memoirs
265:(1870 to 1790 million years ago).
221:collided with the Keitele–Karelia
198:to the Keitele-Karelia-Norrbotten
159:Prior to the onset of orogeny the
25:
1529:Central SkĂĄne Volcanic Province
787:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.013
1610:Transscandinavian Igneous Belt
889:10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.34
514:Transscandinavian Igneous Belt
92:Transscandinavian Igneous Belt
44:Transscandinavian Igneous Belt
1:
822:10.1016/s0301-9268(97)00039-9
495:Southern Svecofennian terrane
263:continent-continent collision
50:emplaced by the much younger
970:Geological Survey of Finland
721:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90066-b
491:Central Svecofennian terrane
236:. This resulted in various
179:and the emplacement of the
1677:
1661:Paleoproterozoic orogenies
1651:Geology of European Russia
1585:Blekinge-Bornholm Province
1539:Kattsund-Koster dyke swarm
1195:Billingen terminal moraine
516:. As the name implies the
373:
361:Tectonostratigraphic units
126:Development of the orogeny
1333:Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone
1313:Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment
1170:Sub-Mesozoic hilly relief
941:10.1080/11035890201244217
661:10.1134/s0016852113060022
518:Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt
510:Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt
346:intermediate compositions
114:that then cooled to form
78:plus some minor parts of
54:are shown in light green.
1595:Scandinavian Caledonides
1338:South Finland Shear Zone
1256:Jotnian sedimentary rock
1021:10.17741/bgsf/76.1-2.004
556:South Finland Shear Zone
546:LuleĂĄ-Kuopio suture zone
540:Major faults and sutures
443:in the northeast and an
1605:Sveconorwegian Province
1435:Central Swedish lowland
1220:Skövde terminal moraine
1145:South SmĂĄland peneplain
1104:Geology of Fennoscandia
471:metamorphosed sediments
436:and Southern Finland).
214:. As a consequence the
62:is a series of related
1559:Särna Alkaline Complex
1544:Kola Alkaline Province
1480:Scandinavian Mountains
1165:Sub-Cambrian peneplain
530:East European Platform
447:in the southwest. The
371:
356:Features of the orogen
326:gravitational collapse
112:the formation of magma
96:Sveconorwegian orogeny
55:
36:Scandinavian Peninsula
34:Geological map of the
1620:Western Gneiss Region
1600:Svecofennian Province
1573:Provinces and orogens
1564:Satakunta dyke swarms
1500:White Sea Rift System
477:the inner zone hosts
390:Skellefte River Basin
368:
311:continental collision
275:extensional tectonics
33:
1440:Gulf of Bothnia rift
1347:Large impact craters
1246:Alum Shale Formation
802:Precambrian Research
771:Precambrian Research
700:Precambrian Research
451:is characterized by
315:Fennoscandian Craton
155:Lapland-Savo orogeny
145:Fennoscandian Craton
88:Paleoproterozoic Era
60:Svecofennian orogeny
1641:Orogenies of Europe
1580:Belomorian Province
1140:Ostrobothnian Plain
851:2014TeNov..26..330L
814:1997PreR...86...21N
779:2012PreR..192...34N
713:1993PreR...64....3G
653:2013Geote..47..452B
416:(Central Finland),
376:tectonostratigraphy
248:Svecobaltic orogeny
194:, the Knaften arc,
1646:Geology of Finland
1490:South Swedish Dome
1450:Lake Ladoga graben
1048:Lindström, Maurits
773:. 192–195: 34–51.
461:. In contrast the
386:SkellefteĂĄ Terrane
372:
319:Amazonia continent
279:sedimentary basins
234:compressive stress
56:
52:Caledonian orogeny
1656:Geology of Sweden
1628:
1627:
1554:Rapakivi granites
1508:
1507:
1445:Lake Inari graben
1369:Hummeln structure
1274:
1273:
1179:Sedimentary cover
1065:978-91-44-05847-4
1056:Studentlitteratur
1044:Lundqvist, Thomas
859:10.1111/ter.12107
524:northwest to the
406:Pyhäsalmi Terrane
271:continental crust
267:Magmatic activity
255:magmatic activity
84:million years ago
70:in what is today
68:continental crust
16:(Redirected from
1668:
1465:Norrland terrain
1285:
1261:Reusch's Moraine
1239:Sedimentary rock
1183:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1069:
1026:
1025:
1023:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
959:
953:
952:
922:
916:
915:
907:
901:
900:
872:
863:
862:
832:
826:
825:
797:
791:
790:
766:
753:
752:
744:
725:
724:
694:
688:
687:
679:
673:
672:
634:
621:
614:
608:
607:
593:
576:
572:
430:Southern Terrane
410:Northern Savonia
394:Bothnian Terrane
283:Sarmatian Craton
149:Sarmatian Craton
21:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1615:Timanide Orogen
1568:
1504:
1428:Morphostrucures
1423:
1342:
1270:
1234:
1215:Sevetti moraine
1174:
1155:200 m peneplain
1150:300 m peneplain
1106:
1101:
1066:
1038:
1030:
1029:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
980:
961:
960:
956:
924:
923:
919:
909:
908:
904:
874:
873:
866:
834:
833:
829:
799:
798:
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768:
767:
756:
746:
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728:
696:
695:
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681:
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636:
635:
624:
615:
611:
595:
594:
590:
585:
580:
579:
573:
569:
564:
542:
418:Western Terrane
414:Central Terrane
378:
363:
358:
295:
287:basin inversion
250:
242:Gulf of Bothnia
219:microcontinents
212:plate tectonics
208:
206:Fennian orogeny
157:
128:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1495:Vättern graben
1492:
1487:
1485:Scanian horsts
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Ritland crater
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:Gardnos crater
1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Röjnoret Fault
1325:
1323:Protogine Zone
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:Iapetus Suture
1300:
1298:Burträsk Fault
1294:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1266:Visingsö Group
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Paleic surface
1132:
1127:
1125:Hardangervidda
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1040:Lundqvist, Jan
1028:
1027:
1014:(1–2): 63–91.
992:
978:
954:
935:(4): 217–224.
917:
902:
864:
845:(4): 330–335.
827:
808:(1–2): 21–44.
792:
754:
726:
689:
674:
647:(6): 452–464.
622:
609:
587:
586:
584:
581:
578:
577:
566:
565:
563:
560:
541:
538:
505:respectively.
475:metagreywackes
465:contains more
426:Ladoga Terrane
398:Västernorrland
362:
359:
357:
354:
294:
291:
249:
246:
207:
204:
156:
153:
127:
124:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1673:
1662:
1659:
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1639:
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1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Kola Province
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
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1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Lofoten horst
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:Lockne crater
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Granby crater
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:Hedmark Group
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1230:Veiki moraine
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Rogen moraine
1203:
1201:
1200:Pulju moraine
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
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1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Muddus plains
1128:
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1123:
1121:
1120:Borsu surface
1118:
1117:
1115:
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1112:Paleosurfaces
1109:
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710:
707:(1–4): 3–21.
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456:calc-alkaline
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308:
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301:orogeny with
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197:
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178:
177:igneous rocks
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
146:
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138:
134:
125:
123:
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117:
116:igneous rocks
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1599:
1524:Alnö Complex
1470:Omberg horst
1460:Muhos Graben
1409:Söderfjärden
1337:
1318:Pärvie Fault
1308:Lainio Fault
1210:Salpausselkä
1051:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1005:
995:
983:. Retrieved
964:
957:
932:
926:
920:
911:
905:
880:
876:
842:
836:
830:
805:
801:
795:
770:
748:
704:
698:
692:
683:
677:
644:
640:Geotectonics
638:
617:
612:
603:
597:
591:
570:
555:
550:
545:
543:
517:
509:
507:
502:
498:
494:
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486:
485:between the
482:
462:
448:
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429:
425:
417:
413:
405:
402:Ostrobothnia
393:
385:
379:
323:
296:
251:
209:
167:creating an
158:
129:
120:metamorphism
102:of numerous
59:
57:
40:Fennoscandia
18:Svecofennian
1534:Fen Complex
1475:Oslo Graben
1399:Siljan Ring
1290:shear zones
1288:Faults and
1225:Trollgarden
883:: 561–578.
479:metapelites
299:Andean-type
240:around the
169:ocean basin
141:compression
104:island arcs
86:during the
1635:Categories
1549:Norra Kärr
1404:Sääksjärvi
1374:Lappajärvi
1280:Structures
1160:Strandflat
1033:Cited book
979:9516909213
838:Terra Nova
616:Lundqvist
583:References
522:Oskarshamn
503:inner zone
487:outer zone
463:outer zone
459:granitoids
449:inner zone
445:inner zone
441:outer zone
434:Bergslagen
374:See also:
336:and large
334:migmatites
303:subduction
229:change in
227:orthogonal
216:Bergslagen
192:island arc
188:ophiolites
173:subduction
122:of rocks.
1517:provinces
1414:Suvasvesi
985:31 August
949:140162187
897:128614152
669:129418672
534:Lithuania
526:Jönköping
422:Gävleborg
317:with the
307:accretion
259:extension
238:oroclines
185:Outokumpu
147:and the
137:extension
100:accretion
64:orogenies
1187:Moraines
382:terranes
332:forming
330:anatexis
231:tectonic
196:accreted
118:and the
1515:igneous
1513:Lesser
1384:Lumparn
847:Bibcode
810:Bibcode
775:Bibcode
709:Bibcode
649:Bibcode
620:, p. 49
553:dextral
338:plutons
305:but no
223:collage
200:collage
161:Archean
76:Finland
1419:Tvären
1354:Dellen
1062:
976:
947:
895:
667:
618:et al.
606:: 3–4.
467:S-type
453:I-type
370:white.
350:felsic
181:Jormua
165:rifted
108:craton
80:Russia
72:Sweden
48:nappes
46:. The
945:S2CID
893:S2CID
665:S2CID
562:Notes
499:outer
342:mafic
133:model
1389:Mien
1060:ISBN
987:2015
974:ISBN
551:The
508:The
501:and
493:and
400:and
344:and
183:and
139:and
74:and
58:The
38:and
1016:doi
937:doi
933:124
928:GFF
885:doi
855:doi
818:doi
783:doi
717:doi
657:doi
532:in
424:),
412:),
404:),
392:),
309:or
1637::
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1012:76
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881:32
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867:^
853:.
843:26
841:.
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806:86
804:.
781:.
757:^
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151:.
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1024:.
1018::
989:.
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887::
861:.
857::
849::
824:.
820::
812::
789:.
785::
777::
723:.
719::
711::
671:.
659::
651::
432:(
420:(
408:(
396:(
388:(
20:)
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