178:
Either way, the commentary is clear that disagreement and disunity were undermining church life. There are no extant sources (biblical or otherwise) to suggest the outcome of the argument. Nonetheless, it is often cited in contemporary church life as part of a call to build unity within congregations
116:
Not surprisingly, Euodia and
Syntyche are chiefly remembered as two people who had an argument, and their names are most commonly associated with disagreement. However, for some commentators, as also for some church institutions, there is further significance in the implied leadership role of the two
138:
In an unsolved mystery, arising in verse 3 of the passage, Paul calls upon an unnamed individual, charging him to intervene directly to assist in ending the quarrel between Euodia and
Syntyche. According to different translations, Paul addresses this person as "my true yokefellow" or "my true
120:
This leadership role is not clearly defined. Some have speculated that it constituted ordained ministry, but this is not explicitly supported by any biblical source. The leadership role is implied both by Paul's interest in their argument, and by the language used by Paul in addressing their
151:). Peter Toon, in his commentary, wrote "His identity is not known, but he was probably a respected and influential member of the church whose word would be heeded". William Barclay, after discussing various possible identities, states "Maybe the best suggestion is that the reference is to
92:
Studies of contemporary naming conventions have shown that whilst the female versions Euodia and
Syntyche were both common to the era, the projected male variants (such as Euodias, as in the Authorised version, or Syntyches) are totally unknown in writings or inscriptions of the period.
80:
incorrectly assigns Euodia the name "Euodias" (a theoretically projected male gender version of the name) and thus makes the quarrel appear to be between a man and a woman. According to some sources, there was a historical theory that
Euodias (male) was the
346:
Whatever the subject in dispute was, it had become so serious that, instead of the breach being healed, matters had become chronic; and news regarding this lack of forbearance between Euodia and
Syntyche had been carried to Paul in his captivity in
129:
contends that whatever their actual function, the fact that they were "women playing so leading a part in the affairs of one of the early congregations" is in sufficient contrast to the contemporary social order to be noteworthy.
283:
It was not unusual for women to have leadership roles in
Philippi. Philippi was the chief city of Macedonia, and it has been well documented that Macedonian women enjoyed more freedom and power than many other women of that
175:, introduces a theory that the women's argument may have been jointly prosecuted by them against the wider church, although it also posits the more traditional view that they disagreed with one another.
85:
of
Philippi (see Acts 16: 25–34) and Syntyche was his wife. This theory is rejected by modern scholarship, not least because of the clarity in the original text that both characters are female. As a
89:, Philippi gave a level of independence to women that was not common in most Greek cities of the period; this may account for the prominence of the women and their disagreement.
813:
516:
147:, and others have been suggested. Timothy may perhaps be considered less likely, as he is named in the introduction as a fellow author of the letter, with Paul (
68:, whose writings generally reveal his concern that internal disunity will seriously undermine the church, beseeched the two women to "agree in the Lord".
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300:(First ed.). New York: Harper and Brothers – via eBook Location 4186 at Digital Publishing 2018 also available.
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of Jesus, but is in fact a spurious source, dated to the fourth century AD, and believed to originate in
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Euodias and
Syntyche, it seems, were at variance, either one with the other or with the church.
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There are references to a "Euodia" (again mistaking the name as a male form) in the document
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171:, to which sections on the epistles were added posthumously by the editors under
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64:: 2–3, they were involved in a disagreement together. The author of the letter,
76:
Despite the clear context and gender agreement of the original Greek text, the
42:, meaning unclear, but possibly "sweet fragrance" or "prosperous journey") and
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points out that they had at least "worked with him in spreading the gospel".
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comrade". This has led to speculation about the identity of this helper.
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Euodia and
Syntyche: Women Church Leaders at Philippi | Marg Mowczko
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52:, "fortunate," literally "with fate") are people mentioned in the
425:
Henry, Matthew (1960) . "Philippians". In Church, Leslie (ed.).
498:
372:
Verses that could be used to support the ordination of women.
336:. Bible Study Tools/International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
47:
37:
246:
The
Letters to the Philippians, Colossians and Thessalonians
387:
which discusses the women's roles as female church leaders.
310:
Knowledge (XXG), "Apostolic Constitutions", (Global), 2014.
429:(Broad Oak ed.). Marshall, Morgan, & Scott Ltd.
404:(First ed.). Eastbourne: Kingsway Publications.
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444:"Building Unity: the Story of Euodia and Syntyche"
163:The exact nature of the disagreement is unknown.
321:Euodias - The woman who fell out with her friend
248:(Revised ed.). Edinburgh: St Andrew Press.
100:, which purports to be a set of writings of the
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427:Matthew Henry's Commentary on the whole Bible
8:
56:. They were female members of the church in
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271:"Women Leaders in the Philippian Church"
27:Mentioned in Phillipians Chapter 4 :2
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298:The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians
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117:women within the Philippian church.
269:Mowczko, Margaret (3 August 2011).
555:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
479:Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
25:
400:Toon, Peter; Toon, Vita (1979).
273:. Minneapolis: CBE International
446:. Grace Communion International
78:Authorised Version of the Bible
60:, and according to the text of
1870:People in the Pauline epistles
1:
155:, the bearer of the letter."
880:People named Simon or Simeon
1297:Mary, mother of (John) Mark
484:New Testament Greek Lexicon
112:Models of female leadership
1901:
1880:Women in the New Testament
1865:Epistle to the Philippians
870:People named Judas or Jude
159:Conclusion of the argument
48:
38:
1621:Alexander the Coppersmith
1073:Disciple whom Jesus loved
921:Female disciples of Jesus
489:Easton's Bible Dictionary
244:Barclay, William (1975).
226:See possible alternative
996:Women at the crucifixion
296:Michael, J Hugh (1928).
1235:James, brother of Jesus
1155:Ananias son of Nedebeus
789:Simon, brother of Jesus
98:Apostolic Constitutions
1875:Christianity and women
1040:James, son of Alphaeus
739:Mary, sister of Martha
1791:Tryphena and Tryphosa
1052:James, son of Zebedee
734:Mary, mother of James
724:Mary, mother of Jesus
360:"Ordination of Women"
1616:Alexander of Ephesus
814:Syrophoenician woman
763:Nicodemus ben Gurion
526:New Testament people
1691:Euodia and Syntyche
860:People named Joseph
754:Son of Nain's widow
684:Joseph of Arimathea
585:Anna the Prophetess
362:. Philosopher Kings
169:Complete Commentary
1290:cousin of Barnabas
850:People named James
804:Simon the Pharisee
319:As in the article
202:2012-03-27 at the
134:Unnamed arbitrator
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1597:
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875:People named Mary
855:People named John
656:Impenitent thief
474:Philippians 4:2–3
16:(Redirected from
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1844:Whore of Babylon
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1255:Judas of Galilee
1245:Joseph Barsabbas
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1839:Three Angels
1706:Jesus Justus
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1676:Epaphroditus
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1381:Simeon Niger
941:Myrrhbearers
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153:Epaphroditus
137:
119:
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87:Roman colony
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30:
29:
1751:Onesiphorus
1386:Simon Magus
1280:(John) Mark
1170:Aristarchus
1101:Simon Peter
1028:Bartholomew
926:God-fearers
916:Evangelists
607:(Bethsaida)
573:Individuals
402:Philippians
366:10 February
1859:Categories
1801:Revelation
1666:Diotrephes
1626:Andronicus
1544:Agrippa II
1440:Romans and
1285:Evangelist
1141:(Damascus)
1062:Evangelist
971:Samaritans
961:Proselytes
819:Theophilus
658:("Gestas")
640:("Dismas")
618:Celidonius
605:Blind man
600:Bartimaeus
550:Historical
450:6 December
340:6 December
183:References
123:Peter Toon
1781:Sosipater
1701:Hymenaeus
1636:Aretas IV
1631:Archippus
1557:Cornelius
1508:Quirinius
1466:Archelaus
1421:Trophimus
1396:Sosthenes
1342:Prochorus
1337:Priscilla
1200:Dionysius
1195:Demetrius
1185:Cornelius
1033:Nathanael
991:Shepherds
976:Sanhedrin
966:Sadducees
951:Pharisees
931:Herodians
911:Disciples
834:Zechariah
824:Zacchaeus
759:Nicodemus
646:Elizabeth
277:23 August
1819:Apollyon
1766:Philetus
1761:Philemon
1746:Onesimus
1696:Herodion
1671:Epaphras
1656:Crescens
1611:Achaicus
1603:Epistles
1563:Drusilla
1551:Berenice
1520:Tiberius
1486:Longinus
1480:Herodias
1426:Tychicus
1376:Silvanus
1374: /
1357:Sapphira
1322:Parmenas
1317:Nicholas
1302:Matthias
1230:Gamaliel
1225:Eutychus
1215:Egyptian
1175:Barnabas
1149:(Judaea)
1147:Ananias
1139:Ananias
1015:Apostles
956:Prophets
946:Nameless
843:Multiple
709:Lysanias
613:Caiaphas
595:Barabbas
580:Alphaeus
334:"Euodia"
200:Archived
58:Philippi
44:Syntyche
18:Syntyche
1809:Antipas
1786:Tertius
1776:Quartus
1741:Olympas
1736:Nymphas
1731:Michael
1681:Erastus
1651:Claudia
1641:Artemas
1589:Paullus
1537:Agrippa
1459:Antipas
1451:Gospels
1411:Timothy
1406:Theudas
1401:Stephen
1391:Sopater
1347:Publius
1312:Nicanor
1190:Damaris
1180:Blastus
1160:Apollos
1091:Matthew
1001:Zealots
981:Scribes
829:Zebedee
809:Susanna
761: (
714:Malchus
694:Lazarus
651:Gabriel
623:Cleopas
565:Gospels
463:Sources
141:Timothy
49:Συντύχη
1771:Phoebe
1756:Pudens
1686:Eunice
1646:Carpus
1584:Lysias
1579:Gallio
1574:Festus
1514:Salome
1498:Pilate
1492:Philip
1332:Philip
1307:Mnason
1275:Manaen
1260:Lucius
1210:Elymas
1205:Dorcas
1165:Aquila
1134:Agabus
1129:Aeneas
1111:Thomas
1096:Philip
1067:Patmos
1023:Andrew
906:Demons
896:Angels
889:Groups
784:Simeon
769:Salome
719:Martha
699:Legion
679:Joseph
669:Joanna
628:Clopas
537:Christ
491:, 1897
408:
252:
83:gaoler
39:Εὐοδία
31:Euodia
1834:Beast
1829:Woman
1716:Linus
1711:Junia
1661:Demas
1569:Felix
1431:Zenas
1416:Titus
1372:Silas
1362:Sceva
1352:Rhoda
1270:Lydia
1240:Jason
864:Joses
779:Satan
633:Devil
590:Annas
534:Jesus
347:Rome.
284:time.
145:Silas
106:Syria
35:Greek
1885:Duos
1726:Mary
1721:Lois
1529:Acts
1327:Paul
1265:Luke
1121:Acts
1057:John
1045:Less
936:Magi
862:(or
704:Luke
689:Jude
452:2017
406:ISBN
383:See
368:2021
342:2017
279:2021
250:ISBN
214:See
195:See
167:'s
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