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92:
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324:. Each flower can produce thousands of tiny (1 mm; 1/20" diameter) seeds that are contained in a small capsule usually adorned with a tuft of hair that aids in wind dispersal. Seeds can also be dispersed by water. Seedlings require extended periods of soil saturation for establishment. Tamarisk trees are most often propagated by
631:
species are commonly believed to disrupt the structure and stability of North
American native plant communities and degrade native wildlife habitat, by outcompeting and replacing native plant species, salinizing soils, monopolizing limited sources of moisture, and increasing the frequency, intensity,
603:
Because it is much more efficient at both obtaining water from drying soil and conserving water during drought, it can outcompete many native species, especially after the habitat is altered by controlling flood regimes and disturbance of water sources. Because the trees are able to concentrate salts
433:
feeding upon the tender twigs of tamarisk plants excrete a sweet substance known as honeydew, which has been gathered for use as a food source and sweetener for thousands of years. The substance is also known locally as manna, and some scholars have suggested that this substance is the biblical
604:
on the outside of their leaves, dense stands of the tree will form a layer of high salinity on the topsoil as the leaves are shed. Although this layer is easily washed off during flooding events, in areas where the rivers are channelled and floods are controlled, this salty layer inhibits the
487:. In other areas, the plants form dense monocultures that alter the natural environment and compete with native species already stressed by human activity. Recent scientific investigations have generally concluded that the primary human-caused impact to desert riparian ecosystems within the
1203:(Athel tree), a large evergreen tree, does not sexually reproduce in the local climate and is not considered a seriously invasive species. The Athel tree is commonly used for windbreaks on the edge of agricultural fields and as a shade tree in the deserts of the Southwestern United States.
338:
species are fire-adapted or not is unclear, but in many cases a large proportion of the trees are able to resprout from the stump after fires, although not notably more so than other riverine species. They likely cannot resprout from root suckers. In some habitats where they are native,
636:. An active and ongoing debate exists as to when the tamarisk can out-compete native plants, and if it is actively displacing native plants or it just taking advantage of disturbance by removal of natives by humans and changes in flood regimens.
353:. Conversely, they do appear to be more flammable, with more dead wood produced and debris held aloft. In the southwestern USA, most stands studied appear to be burning at faster intervals than they can fully mature and die of natural causes.
1487:'s short story, "The Tamarisk Hunter". The story depicts a man in a drought-stricken near future who uproots and collects tamarisk plants in exchange for state-paid bounties. The story is collected in Bacigalupi's short story collection,
1853:
599:
tree species, in the latter case possibly due to interfering with the trees ability to form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in contrast to the grass and legume species studied in 2013.
632:
and effect of fires and floods . While individual plants may not consume larger quantities of water than native species, large, dense stands of tamarisk do consume more water than equivalent stands of native
2581:
Merritt, David M.; Cooper, David J. (2000). "Riparian vegetation and channel change in response to river regulation: A comparative study of regulated and unregulated streams in the Green River Basin, USA".
549:
has taken over large sections of riparian ecosystems in the western United States that were once home to native cottonwoods and willows, and are projected by some to spread well beyond the current range.
2728:
Zamora-Arroyo F, Nagler PL, Briggs M, Radtke D, et al. (2001). "Regeneration of native trees in response to flood releases from the United States into the delta of the
Colorado River, Mexico".
283:
Tamarisks are characterized by slender branches and grey-green foliage. The bark of young branches is smooth and reddish brown. As the plants age, the bark becomes gray-brown, ridged and furrowed.
3596:
2240:
2974:
Cooper, D.; Merritt, David M.; Andersen, Douglas C.; Chimner, Rodney A. (1999). "Factors
Controlling the Establishment of Fremont Cottonwood Seedlings on the Upper Green River, USA".
1841:
286:
The leaves are scale-like, almost like that of junipers, 1β2 mm (1/20" to 1/10") long, and overlap each other along the stem. They are often encrusted with salt secretions.
331:
These trees grow in disturbed and undisturbed streams, waterways, bottom lands, banks, and drainage washes of natural or artificial water bodies, moist rangelands and pastures.
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3208:
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canopies had lower surface soil salinity than open areas deprived of flooding suggesting that surface evaporation may contribute more to surface soil salinity than
3908:
1644:
3590:
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by box elder. Anthropogenic activities that preferentially favor tamarisk (such as changes to flooding regimens) are associated with infestation. To date,
2609:
Horton, J. L.; Kolb, T. E.; Hart, S. C. (2001). "Responses of riparian trees to interannual variation in ground water depth in a semi-arid river basin".
3817:
575:
trees grew was mixed in with the potting soil, as opposed to samples without these plants. This was thought to indicate the presence of beneficial
3882:
3830:
2410:
Busch, David E.; Smith, Stanley D. (1995). "Mechanisms associated with decline of woody species in riparian ecosystems of the southwestern U.S".
1831:
In: Fire
Effects Information System, . U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
1765:
2077:
1883:
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seedlings are not competitive over a range of environments, but stands of mature trees effectively prevent native species' establishment in the
3944:
1987:
1606:
1478:. In the novel, tamarisks are described as "famous for their hardiness" and as markers of the limits of "the most desolate land of all." (p.4)
3462:
3252:
1824:
1565:
2997:
4052:
3517:
3437:
2790:
Morisette JT, Jarnevich CS, Ullah A, Cai W, et al. (2006). "A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental United States".
663:
608:
of a number of native plants. However, a study involving more than a thousand soil samples across gradients of both flood frequency and
3352:
2894:
Proceedings of the
California Exotic Pest Plant Council, Symposium '95. California Exotic Pest Plant Council, Pacific Grove, California
1913:
1403:
34:16, the people of Saba were punished when " converted their two garden (rows) into gardens producing bitter fruit and tamarisks...".
583:
plants has also been shown to boost soil fertility in a number of studies, and it also increases soil salinity. Two studies found that
3726:
3384:
1520:
3291:
species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of
Tamarisk"
2051:
2025:
2557:
1795:
1724:
1211:
The second subgroup contains the deciduous tamarisks, which are small, shrubby trees, commonly known as "saltcedars". These include
3409:
3313:
1181:, and a shade tree in the early 19th century. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, tree-planting was used as a tool to fight
2595:
4019:
3731:
3856:
3993:
3429:
Sharma, U., Kataria, V., & Shekhawat, N. S. (2017) Aeroponics for adventitious rhizogenesis in evergreen haloxeric tree
1690:
1571:
1453:
3887:
3895:
3193:
972:
671:
2159:
3433:(L.) Karst.: influence of exogenous auxins and cutting type. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 24(1):167β174
495:
is relatively tolerant of this hydrologic alteration compared to flood-dependent native woody riparian species such as
3690:
612:
density concluded that "flooding may be the most important factor for assessing floodplain salinity" and "soils under
658:) in the national park system. Various attempts to control tamarisk have been implemented on federal lands including
2871:
1628:
3998:
3957:
3248:
3240:
2178:
659:
466:
3913:
2136:
1475:
976:
667:
419:(combined with wood and ibex horn) to produce tremendously powerful bows hundreds of years before the common era.
31:
2803:
2776:
2355:
91:
1186:
480:
3962:
680:) eat only the tamarisk, and starve when no more is available, not eating any plants native to North America.
1063:
786:
262:
shrubs or trees growing to 1β18 m (3.3β59.1 ft) in height and forming dense thickets. The largest,
3804:
3268:β describes saltcedar controls, incl. 2006β2007 release of tamarisk beetles into Dinosaur National Monument.
313:
3778:
3633:
2983:
2618:
959:
866:
772:
716:
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on 5β10 cm (2" to 4") long spikes at branch tips from March to
September, though some species (e.g.,
239:
753:
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3783:
3244:
1257:
1077:
1070:
1048:
1031:
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918:
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1474:(1974) is set on a farm bordered by a row of tamarisks in a northern Victorian town on the edge of the
1084:
983:
966:
932:
911:
835:
818:
3835:
2371:"Competition between native and exotic floodplain tree species across water regimes and soil textures"
925:
886:
876:
842:
4024:
3923:
3739:
3155:
3104:
3061:
3024:
2940:
2834:
2737:
2702:
2505:
2419:
2296:
1944:
1875:
1038:
794:
654:
2988:
2623:
1979:
904:
1598:
1150:
1014:
952:
801:
475:
387:
3949:
3485:
has "tamarisk". The Hebrew word is different from that translated as "grove" elsewhere in the KJV
2069:
942:
438:
that fed the
Israelites during their flight from Egypt, though others dispute this interpretation.
4006:
3791:
3616:
3564:
3379:
3233:
3171:
3120:
3077:
2956:
2667:
2474:
2435:
2221:
2128:
2120:
1960:
1818:
1409:
1319:
1004:
676:
567:
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specimens die after 1β2 years of 98% shade, indicating a pathway for successional replacement of
86:
3513:
515:
Research on competition between tamarisk seedlings and co-occurring native trees has found that
3931:
3874:
3713:
3458:
2523:
2392:
2312:
2010:
1791:
1561:
1307:
1268:
1261:
1132:
1122:
808:
409:
393:
2892:
Anderson, B. W. (1996). "Salt cedar, revegetation and riparian ecosystems in the
Southwest".
4047:
3936:
3613:, a natural resource on which the communities depend for fuelwood, tools, and basket making.
3556:
3340:
3305:
3163:
3112:
3069:
3032:
3013:"Multiple pathways for woody plant establishment on floodplains at local to regional scales"
2993:
2948:
2842:
2799:
2772:
2745:
2710:
2659:
2628:
2591:
2513:
2466:
2427:
2382:
2351:
2304:
2213:
2112:
1952:
1935:
Everitt, Benjamin (1998). "Chronology of the spread of tamarisk in the central Rio Grande".
1905:
1484:
1426:
1369:
1174:
997:
743:
730:
484:
317:
3374:
1509:
3441:
2182:
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2055:
2048:
1828:
1341:
1024:
893:
849:
762:
721:
705:
442:
325:
273:
268:, is an evergreen tree that can grow to 18 m (59 ft) tall. They usually grow on
264:
129:
70:
3279:
3095:
Everitt, B. L. (1998). "Chronology of the spread of
Tamarisk in the central Rio Grande".
2542:
1712:
644:
Pest populations of tamarisk in the United States can be dealt with in several ways. The
3770:
3582:
3405:
3159:
3108:
3065:
3028:
2944:
2838:
2741:
2706:
2509:
2423:
2330:
Sher, A.A.; Marshall, D.L.; Taylor, J.P. (June 2002). "Establishment patterns of native
2300:
1948:
688:
533:, a native riparian tree) seedlings survive and grow under higher-shade conditions than
3796:
1467:
1394:, only a tamarisk arrow to the eye can wound the otherwise invincible Prince Esfandiar.
1311:
825:
562:
488:
152:
116:
571:
and other native plants in fact grew better when a small soil sample from areas where
4041:
3671:
3486:
3081:
3037:
3012:
2818:
2763:
Zavaleta, E. (December 2000). "The economic value of controlling an invasive shrub".
2632:
2518:
2493:
2308:
2225:
2132:
1603:
spp. - Tamarisk, Saltcedar, Salt Cedar - Southeastern Arizona Wildflowers and Plants"
1382:
430:
386:
Tamarisk species are used as ornamental shrubs, windbreaks, and shade trees: notably
294:
277:
269:
179:
3124:
2478:
1964:
4011:
3175:
1182:
529:
423:
235:
219:
162:
3718:
3682:
1192:
Eight species are found in North America. They can be divided into two subgroups:
3695:
1682:
1555:
3985:
3900:
3843:
3665:
3604:
3194:"Treating Invasive Tamarisk as an Intern at San Andres National Wildlife Refuge"
605:
576:
364:
2494:"Canopy shade and the successional replacement of tamarisk by native box elder"
2457:
spp.)-infested floodplains on the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge".
3309:
2543:"Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes"
2470:
2217:
2156:
554:
524:
520:
470:
369:
61:
3656:
2998:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<419::AID-RRR555>3.0.CO;2-Y
2527:
2279:; Marshall, Diane L.; Gilbert, Steven A. (2000). "Competition between native
1335:
leaves his spear aside among the tamarisks by the banks of the river Xanthus.
1185:
on the Great Plains, and different trees were planted by the millions in the
3765:
3752:
3434:
2927:
Sala, Anna; Smith, Stanley D.; Devitt, Dale A. (August 1996). "Water Use by
2276:
1443:
1391:
1349:
1280:
1264:, features a personified tamarisk debating the date-palm over who is better.
1178:
649:
504:
259:
255:
3975:
2749:
2714:
2396:
2316:
648:
has used the methods of physically removing the plants, spraying them with
401:
In the American Southwest, Tamarisk was introduced to help erosion control.
553:
In a 2013 study which examined if native plant growth was hindered by the
3970:
3705:
3650:
3610:
2387:
2370:
1439:
1378:
1353:
1332:
1303:
1299:
1276:
459:
340:
142:
42:
38:
2861:
2175:
17:
3822:
3568:
3167:
3116:
3073:
2960:
2846:
2671:
2596:
10.1002/1099-1646(200011/12)16:6<543::AID-RRR590>3.0.CO;2-N
2439:
2124:
2100:
1956:
1345:
1243:
726:
710:
595:
500:
462:
345:
223:
218:) is composed of about 50β60 species of flowering plants in the family
75:
2200:
Di Tomaso, Joseph (1998). "Impact, Biology, and Ecology of Saltcedar (
2195:
2193:
2191:
3848:
3621:
3052:
Everitt, B. L. (1980). "Ecology of saltcedar - a plea for research".
1458:
1431:
1417:
1413:
1361:
1284:
1272:
496:
405:
290:
227:
79:
3627:
3560:
2952:
2663:
2431:
2116:
699:
523:, due to low light, elevated salinity, and possibly changes to the
3757:
1400:
1365:
1294:
1248:
1242:
715:
698:
687:
589:
446:
435:
360:
243:
231:
103:
3861:
3617:
Introduction of the Tamarisk Beetle in Dinosaur National Monument
422:
The wood may be used for carpentry or firewood: it is a possible
3482:
1421:
1357:
734:
416:
321:
3631:
3138:
Stromberg, J. C. (1998). "Functional equivalency of saltcedar (
2863:
Quantifying soil and groundwater chemistry in areas invaded by
1434:
is said to be hidden inside the trunk of a great tamarisk tree.
3744:
3478:
2287:
and the implications of reestablishing flooding disturbance".
343:
appears to favour the establishment of riverine trees such as
3011:
Cooper, D.; Andersen, Douglas C.; Chimner, Rodney A. (2003).
2931:
and Associated Phreatophytes in a Mojave Desert Floodplain".
2541:
Shafroth, Patrick; Stromberg, Juliet; Patten, Duncan (2000).
441:
Plans are being made for the tamarisk to play a role in anti-
2453:
Taylor, J.; McDaniel, K. (1998). "Restoration of saltcedar (
2804:
10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2
2777:
10.1639/0044-7447(2000)029[0462:tevoca]2.0.co;2
2693:
chinesis) populations along the San Pedro River, Arizona".
2356:
10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0760:eponpa]2.0.co;2
3543:
Christensen, E. M. (1962). "The Rate of Naturalization of
3375:"War With Riverbank Invader, Waged by Muscle and Munching"
2685:
Stromberg, J. C. (1998). "Dynamics of Fremont cottonwood (
2646:
Christensen, E. M. (1962). "The Rate of Naturalization of
1668:
Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs, an illustrated encyclopedia
1560:, vol. 4 RβZ, Taylor & Francis US, p. 2628,
301:) tend to flower in the summer until as late as November.
3607:, Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group
1424:. A reference to this is also made in the computer game,
3593:. Lists general information and resources for Saltcedar.
1381:
31:13, Saul's bones are buried under a tamarisk tree in
1519:. United States Department of Agriculture. 1998-04-28.
1173:
The tamarisk was introduced to the United States as an
1322:
was a young woman who was transformed into a tamarisk.
1457:, the tamarisk plant is a favorite of the Greek god
3640:
2908:Anderson, B. W. (1998). "The case for salt cedar".
2823:-mediated soil changes on restoration plant growth"
1275:, ceremoniously bathes in a bath of "tamarisk" and
41:, a leguminous tree grown for its edible pods, or
3622:Saltcedar β Center for Invasive Species Research
3589:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
2241:"Science driving a new management strategy for
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1544:", The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities
491:is the alteration of the flood regime by dams;
30:"Tamarisk" redirects here. For other uses, see
3406:"Saltcedar_USDA National Agricultural Library"
3335:
3333:
1360:is sitting under a tamarisk tree on a hill at
412:is cooked and eaten as a wild green vegetable.
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
652:, and introducing northern tamarisk beetles (
8:
3280:"Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the
2867:spp. along the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico
674:found that the introduced tamarisk beetles (
587:plants are able to limit the recruitment of
3591:United States National Agricultural Library
3351:. United States Department of Agriculture.
2976:Regulated Rivers: Research & Management
2492:Dewine, J. M.; Cooper, D. J. (April 2008).
2068:Abigail Klein Leichman (November 7, 2011).
1416:is hidden for a time in a tamarisk tree in
1348:is recorded to have "planted a tamarisk at
3628:
3499:
3497:
3495:
2870:(PhD dissertation). University of Denver.
2204:spp.) in the Southwestern United States".
2176:Taklamakan β Where Oil and Water Don't Mix
1352:". He had built a well there, earlier. In
60:
49:
3435:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0493-0
3187:
3185:
3036:
2987:
2765:Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment
2622:
2584:Regulated Rivers: Research and Management
2517:
2386:
2018:Journal of the Soc. Of Archer-Antiquaries
2792:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
2338:in the presence of invasive, non-native
2009:Karpowicz, Adam; Selby, Stephen (2010).
3349:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1517:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1501:
359:species are used as food plants by the
2157:Tree by Tree, China Rolls Back Deserts
2080:from the original on November 10, 2011
1754:"Invasives Database: Invasive Plants,
1454:New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology
272:, tolerating up to 15,000 ppm soluble
2369:Sher, A. A.; Marshall, D. L. (2003).
2257:from the original on October 28, 2021
1727:from the original on 30 November 2021
1647:from the original on 29 November 2022
7:
3999:ab1cd7b0-f00e-4753-92c7-0e1e02e955a3
3924:ed532915-dcd7-46a0-b445-e444a6717c7d
1990:from the original on 12 January 2023
1876:"Invasive Species Profile: Tamarisk"
1856:from the original on 26 January 2021
1540:Baum, Bernard R. (1978), "The Genus
624:Investigation of effects of invasion
3373:Johnson, Kirk (December 26, 2008).
3278:Tracy, J.L.; Robbins, T.O. (2009).
1788:The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1557:CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names
709:specimen in its natural habitat in
664:San Andres National Wildlife Refuge
1271:, Gilgamesh's mother, the goddess
25:
3258:from the original on 6 March 2019
3214:from the original on 2 March 2023
2550:Western North American Naturalist
1483:The tamarisk features heavily in
670:. After years of study, the USDA
408:Tamarisk β known locally as
230:. The generic name originated in
3963:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326334-2
3520:from the original on 2 June 2021
3455:The Babylonian disputation poems
3038:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00766.x
2910:Restoration and Management Notes
2817:Lenhoff EA, Menalled FD (2013).
2633:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00681.x
2519:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01440.x
2309:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.99306.x
1916:from the original on 2 June 2021
1886:from the original on 2 June 2021
1693:from the original on 16 May 2022
557:associated with the presence of
90:
3503:Tyndale New Living Translation.
3412:from the original on 2019-08-21
3387:from the original on 2023-03-02
3355:from the original on 2015-09-24
3319:from the original on 2012-03-06
3146:) along a free-flowing river".
2874:from the original on 2021-10-22
2563:from the original on 2021-09-20
2139:from the original on 2022-01-18
2070:"Growing forests in the desert"
2031:from the original on 2011-05-18
1768:from the original on 2017-08-04
1609:from the original on 2022-05-23
1574:from the original on 2023-03-02
1523:from the original on 2015-09-23
1260:dating to the 18th century BC,
565:to the northern United States,
316:, by submerged stems producing
3481:has the word "grove", but the
2099:Bodenheimer, F.S. (Feb 1947).
900:
790:
511:Competition with native plants
1:
3583:Species Profile - Saltcedar (
1554:Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000),
672:Agricultural Research Service
2730:Journal of Arid Environments
2695:Journal of Arid Environments
1627:Dyer, Mary H. (6 May 2016).
1420:, until it was retrieved by
1247:Tamarisk tree (almyriki) in
4053:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3549:American Midland Naturalist
2652:American Midland Naturalist
2611:Plant, Cell and Environment
2011:"Scythian Bow From Xinjang"
1880:Channel Islands Restoration
1790:. London: MacMillan Press.
373:which feeds exclusively on
222:, native to drier areas of
4069:
3624:, University of California
3249:Department of the Interior
3241:Dinosaur National Monument
3234:"Our newest weed warriors"
3142:) and Fremont cottonwood (
2827:Applied Vegetation Science
2498:Journal of Applied Ecology
2375:American Journal of Botany
2105:The Biblical Archaeologist
1980:"Salt Cedar Salad - Horta"
660:Dinosaur National Monument
483:and become a significant
467:Southwestern United States
429:At certain times of year,
74:in its natural habitat in
36:
29:
3457:. Brill. pp. 23β28.
3453:JimΓ©nez, Enrique (2017).
3341:"GRIN Species Records of
3310:10.11646/zootaxa.2101.1.1
3201:The Geographical Bulletin
2471:10.1017/S0890037X0004392X
2239:Wolf, E. (June 6, 2016).
2218:10.1017/S0890037X00043906
1850:Plant Parasites of Europe
1666:Dirr, Michael A. (1997),
1315:
1189:, including salt cedars.
668:White Sands Missile Range
415:The wood was used by the
191:
186:
87:Scientific classification
85:
68:
59:
52:
45:, an American larch tree.
32:Tamarisk (disambiguation)
3605:Least Wanted: Salt Cedar
1641:www.gardeningknowhow.com
1287:to begin their conquest.
1187:Great Plains Shelterbelt
320:roots, and sexually, by
276:, and can also tolerate
37:Not to be confused with
2933:Ecological Applications
2344:Ecological Applications
1721:www.flowersinisrael.com
1713:"Plants of the Bible |
1430:, in which the head of
1064:Tamarix taklamakanensis
787:Tamarix austromongolica
3247:(Press release). U.S.
2750:10.1006/jare.2001.0835
2715:10.1006/jare.1998.0438
1910:www.best4hedging.co.uk
1252:
867:Tamarix gennessarensis
737:
713:
696:
537:seedlings, and mature
485:invasive plant species
349:, to the detriment of
240:Hispania Tarraconensis
3516:. Replacements, Ltd.
3245:National Park Service
3192:Adams, Aaron (2021).
3054:Environmental Geology
2412:Ecological Monographs
1978:Sakelliou, Katerina.
1844:Coleophora asthenella
1246:
719:
702:
691:
646:National Park Service
370:Coleophora asthenella
234:and may refer to the
3514:"Wedgwood, Tamarisk"
2860:Ohrtman, M. (2009).
2388:10.3732/ajb.90.3.413
2289:Conservation Biology
2101:"The Manna of Sinai"
1817:Zouhar, Kris. 2003.
1364:when he learns that
1310:in a tamarisk tree (
1144:Formerly placed here
1039:Tamarix senegalensis
960:Tamarix leptostachys
773:Tamarix arceuthoides
655:Diorhabda carinulata
489:Colorado River Basin
3160:1998Wetl...18..675S
3109:1998Wetl...18..658E
3066:1980EnGeo...3...77E
3029:2003JEcol..91..182C
2945:1996EcoAp...6..888S
2929:Tamarix ramosissima
2839:2013AppVS..16..438L
2742:2001JArEn..49...49Z
2707:1998JArEn..40..133S
2510:2008JApEc..45..505D
2424:1995EcoM...65..347B
2301:2000ConBi..14.1744S
2285:Tamarix ramosissima
1949:1998Wetl...18..658E
1786:Huxley, A. (1992).
1306:hide the spoils of
1151:Myricaria germanica
1015:Tamarix ramosissima
953:Tamarix leptopetala
802:Tamarix canariensis
754:Tamarix androssowii
561:, a relatively new
493:Tamarix ramosissima
476:Tamarix ramosissima
3440:2023-03-02 at the
3380:The New York Times
3286:Diorhabda elongata
3251:. 8 January 2009.
3168:10.1007/BF03161682
3117:10.1007/BF03161680
3074:10.1007/BF02473474
3017:Journal of Ecology
2847:10.1111/avsc.12011
2181:2008-10-29 at the
2162:2015-05-17 at the
2054:2009-02-15 at the
1984:Katerina's Kouzina
1957:10.1007/BF03161680
1827:2021-03-20 at the
1633:Invasive: Helpful
1466:Australian author
1442:made a "Tamarisk"
1410:Egyptian mythology
1253:
1078:Tamarix tenuissima
1071:Tamarix tarimensis
1049:Tamarix smyrnensis
1032:Tamarix sachuensis
1005:Tamarix parviflora
991:Tamarix negevensis
919:Tamarix juniperina
860:Tamarix gansuensis
780:Tamarix articulata
738:
714:
697:
677:Diorhabda elongata
579:. The presence of
568:Elymus lanceolatus
367:species including
289:The pink to white
4035:
4034:
3932:Open Tree of Life
3634:Taxon identifiers
3464:978-90-04-33625-4
3144:Populus fremontii
3140:Tamarix chinensis
2689:) and saltcedar (
2687:Populus fremontii
2281:Populus deltoides
1758:, Athel tamarisk"
1605:. 16 March 2010.
1567:978-0-8493-2678-3
1451:According to the
1269:Epic of Gilgamesh
1262:Tamarisk and Palm
1207:Deciduous species
1196:Evergreen species
1163:
1156:
1138:
1133:Tamarix usneoides
1128:
1123:Tamarix tetrandra
1111:Tamarix tetragyna
1102:
1094:Tamarix tetragyna
1090:
1085:Tamarix tetragyna
1054:
1044:
1020:
1010:
984:Tamarix mongolica
979:
967:Tamarix mannifera
948:
938:
933:Tamarix karelinii
912:Tamarix jintaenia
899:
882:
872:
855:
836:Tamarix duezenlii
831:
819:Tamarix dalmatica
814:
809:Tamarix chinensis
768:
758:
749:
458:In some specific
198:
197:
182:
16:(Redirected from
4060:
4028:
4027:
4015:
4014:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3939:
3927:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3901:NHMSYS0000464143
3891:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3852:
3851:
3839:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3735:
3734:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3686:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3629:
3572:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3490:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3450:
3444:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3295:
3290:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2547:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2295:(6): 1744β1754.
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2249:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2197:
2186:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2065:
2059:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:"Tamarisk Shrub"
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1838:
1832:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1506:
1485:Paolo Bacigalupi
1427:Age of Mythology
1368:has returned to
1317:
1279:before allowing
1258:disputation poem
1239:Cultural history
1169:In North America
1161:
1154:
1136:
1127:Pall. ex M.Bieb.
1126:
1100:
1088:
1052:
1042:
1018:
1008:
998:Tamarix nilotica
970:
946:
936:
926:Tamarix jordanis
897:
887:Tamarix hampeana
880:
877:Tamarix gracilis
870:
853:
843:Tamarix elongata
829:
812:
766:
757:
747:
744:Tamarix africana
684:Selected species
454:Invasive species
312:can spread both
293:appear in dense
178:
95:
94:
64:
50:
21:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3992:
3984:
3982:
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3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3894:
3886:
3881:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3808:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3702:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3636:
3597:Flora Europaea
3579:
3561:10.2307/2422635
3542:
3539:
3537:Further reading
3534:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3493:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3442:Wayback Machine
3431:Tamarix aphylla
3428:
3424:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3388:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3293:
3288:
3277:
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3261:
3259:
3255:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2989:10.1.1.208.7367
2973:
2972:
2968:
2953:10.2307/2269492
2926:
2925:
2921:
2916:: 130β134, 138.
2907:
2906:
2902:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2664:10.2307/2422635
2645:
2644:
2640:
2624:10.1.1.208.6920
2608:
2607:
2603:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2459:Weed Technology
2452:
2451:
2447:
2432:10.2307/2937064
2409:
2408:
2404:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2206:Weed Technology
2199:
2198:
2189:
2183:Wayback Machine
2174:
2170:
2164:Wayback Machine
2155:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2117:10.2307/3209227
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2056:Wayback Machine
2049:Tamarix aphylla
2047:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1882:. 3 July 2018.
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1829:Wayback Machine
1816:
1805:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1756:Tamarix aphylla
1752:
1751:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1715:Tamarix aphylla
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1687:Southern Living
1681:
1680:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1568:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1470:'s debut novel
1241:
1201:Tamarix aphylla
1171:
1146:
1141:
1137:E.Mey. ex Bunge
1101:(Boiss.) Boiss.
1025:Tamarix stricta
894:Tamarix hispida
850:Tamarix gallica
795:Tamarix boveana
763:Tamarix aphylla
722:Tamarix stricta
706:Tamarix aphylla
693:Tamarix gallica
686:
642:
626:
513:
456:
443:desertification
383:
310:Tamarix aphylla
307:
265:Tamarix aphylla
252:
177:
89:
71:Tamarix aphylla
46:
35:
28:
27:Genus of plants
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4016:
4012:wfo-4000037507
4003:
3990:
3980:
3967:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3918:
3905:
3892:
3879:
3866:
3853:
3840:
3827:
3814:
3801:
3788:
3775:
3762:
3749:
3736:
3723:
3710:
3700:
3687:
3677:
3662:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3578:
3577:External links
3575:
3574:
3573:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3505:
3491:
3470:
3463:
3445:
3422:
3397:
3365:
3329:
3289:(BrullΓ©, 1832)
3270:
3225:
3207:(2): 101β103.
3181:
3154:(4): 675β686.
3130:
3103:(4): 658β668.
3087:
3044:
3023:(2): 182β196.
3003:
2982:(5): 419β440.
2966:
2939:(3): 888β898.
2919:
2900:
2884:
2852:
2833:(3): 438β447.
2809:
2782:
2771:(8): 462β467.
2755:
2720:
2701:(2): 133β155.
2677:
2638:
2617:(3): 293β304.
2601:
2590:(6): 543β564.
2573:
2533:
2504:(2): 505β514.
2484:
2465:(2): 345β352.
2445:
2418:(3): 347β370.
2402:
2381:(3): 413β422.
2361:
2350:(3): 760β772.
2322:
2268:
2231:
2212:(2): 326β336.
2187:
2168:
2149:
2091:
2060:
2041:
2001:
1970:
1943:(4): 658β668.
1927:
1897:
1867:
1833:
1803:
1796:
1778:
1762:Texas Invasive
1738:
1704:
1674:
1658:
1619:
1583:
1566:
1546:
1533:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1480:
1479:
1468:Gerald Murnane
1463:
1462:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1412:, the body of
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1323:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1251:island, Greece
1240:
1237:
1229:T. ramosissima
1209:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1057:T. hohenackeri
1045:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1011:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
963:
956:
949:
939:
929:
922:
915:
908:
905:Tamarix indica
901:
890:
883:
873:
863:
856:
846:
839:
832:
826:Tamarix dioica
822:
815:
805:
798:
791:
783:
776:
769:
759:
750:
739:
685:
682:
641:
638:
625:
622:
563:invasive plant
512:
509:
455:
452:
451:
450:
439:
427:
420:
413:
402:
399:
389:T. ramosissima
382:
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303:
251:
248:
196:
195:
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153:Caryophyllales
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26:
24:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3487:Old Testament
3484:
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3466:
3460:
3456:
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2314:
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2298:
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2283:and invasive
2282:
2278:
2277:Sher, Anna A.
2272:
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2246:
2244:
2235:
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2227:
2223:
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2106:
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2095:
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2079:
2075:
2074:israel21c.org
2071:
2064:
2061:
2058:, in Ecocrop.
2057:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2005:
2002:
1989:
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1799:
1797:0-333-47494-5
1793:
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1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1749:
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1726:
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1692:
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1684:
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1670:, p. 392
1669:
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1266:
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1234:
1233:T. parviflora
1230:
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1202:
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830:Roxb. ex Roth
828:
827:
823:
821:
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799:
797:
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767:(L.) H.Karst.
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531:
527:. Box elder (
526:
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510:
508:
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502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
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478:
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472:
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431:scale insects
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236:Tamaris River
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117:Tracheophytes
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67:
63:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3641:
3598:
3584:
3555:(1): 51β57.
3552:
3548:
3544:
3522:. Retrieved
3508:
3473:
3454:
3448:
3430:
3425:
3414:. Retrieved
3400:
3389:. Retrieved
3378:
3368:
3357:. Retrieved
3348:
3342:
3321:. Retrieved
3301:
3297:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3260:. Retrieved
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3204:
3200:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3060:(2): 77β84.
3057:
3053:
3047:
3020:
3016:
3006:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2893:
2887:
2876:. Retrieved
2866:
2862:
2855:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2819:"Impacts of
2812:
2798:(1): 11β17.
2795:
2791:
2785:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2736:(1): 49β64.
2733:
2729:
2723:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2658:(1): 51β57.
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2565:. Retrieved
2553:
2549:
2536:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2415:
2411:
2405:
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2374:
2364:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2242:
2234:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2171:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
2108:
2104:
2094:
2084:November 23,
2082:. Retrieved
2073:
2063:
2044:
2033:. Retrieved
2021:
2017:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1983:
1973:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1879:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1849:
1843:
1836:
1819:
1787:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1761:
1755:
1729:. Retrieved
1720:
1714:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1667:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1640:
1637:Information"
1634:
1630:
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1600:
1576:, retrieved
1556:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1516:
1511:
1504:
1488:
1472:Tamarisk Row
1471:
1452:
1425:
1328:
1318:). In myth,
1293:
1232:
1228:
1225:T. chinensis
1224:
1220:
1217:T. tetrandra
1216:
1213:T. pentandra
1212:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1183:soil erosion
1172:
1159:T. germanica
1158:
1149:
1131:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1047:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1013:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
965:
958:
951:
943:Tamarix laxa
941:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
892:
885:
875:
865:
858:
848:
841:
834:
824:
817:
807:
800:
793:
785:
778:
771:
761:
752:
742:
720:
704:
692:
675:
653:
643:
628:
627:
617:
613:
609:
602:
594:
588:
584:
580:
572:
566:
558:
552:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:Acer negundo
528:
516:
514:
492:
474:
457:
445:programs in
424:agroforestry
395:T. tetrandra
394:
388:
374:
368:
356:
355:
350:
344:
335:
333:
330:
318:adventitious
314:vegetatively
309:
308:
298:
288:
285:
282:
280:conditions.
270:saline soils
263:
253:
220:Tamaricaceae
215:
211:
207:
202:
201:
199:
192:
173:
172:
163:Tamaricaceae
136:
123:
110:
69:
53:
47:
3844:iNaturalist
3666:Wikispecies
2261:October 12,
634:cottonwoods
606:germination
577:mycorrhizae
481:naturalized
375:T. africana
365:Lepidoptera
250:Description
130:Angiosperms
4042:Categories
3547:in Utah".
3416:2019-08-21
3391:2008-12-27
3359:2011-02-18
3323:2010-06-10
2878:2021-10-15
2650:in Utah".
2567:2021-03-30
2143:2022-01-18
2111:(1): 2β6.
2035:2019-03-01
1994:12 January
1772:2017-12-22
1683:"TAMARISK"
1613:2022-05-22
1578:2020-12-03
1527:2011-02-18
1496:References
1350:Beer-sheba
1221:T. gallica
1175:ornamental
1155:(L.) Desv.
650:herbicides
555:microbiota
525:soil biota
521:understory
501:cottonwood
471:California
299:T. aphylla
212:salt cedar
200:The genus
3766:FloraBase
3304:: 1β152.
3284:-feeding
3262:31 August
3082:128624735
2984:CiteSeerX
2619:CiteSeerX
2556:: 66β76.
2528:1365-2664
2226:251573113
2133:165249625
1860:12 August
1392:Shahnameh
1281:Gilgamesh
1179:windbreak
1177:shrub, a
1115:tetragyna
1105:T. meyeri
729:village,
695:in flower
505:box elder
260:deciduous
256:evergreen
254:They are
193:See text
100:Kingdom:
3994:VicFlora
3983:VASCAN:
3976:40009834
3971:Tropicos
3727:eFloraSA
3703:BioLib:
3651:Wikidata
3518:Archived
3438:Archived
3410:Archived
3385:Archived
3353:Archived
3314:Archived
3253:Archived
3218:23 March
3209:Archived
3148:Wetlands
3125:33405892
3097:Wetlands
2896:: 32β41.
2872:Archived
2558:Archived
2479:88903153
2397:21659134
2317:35701936
2252:Archived
2179:Archived
2160:Archived
2137:Archived
2078:Archived
2052:Archived
2026:Archived
1988:Archived
1965:33405892
1937:Wetlands
1914:Archived
1884:Archived
1854:Archived
1825:Archived
1766:Archived
1725:Archived
1691:Archived
1645:Archived
1607:Archived
1572:archived
1521:Archived
1510:"Genus:
1489:Pump Six
1446:pattern.
1440:Wedgwood
1379:1 Samuel
1354:1 Samuel
1333:Achilles
1304:Diomedes
1300:Odysseus
1277:soapwort
731:Boushehr
640:Controls
463:habitats
460:riparian
426:species.
410:almyriki
363:of some
341:wildfire
334:Whether
326:cuttings
278:alkaline
208:tamarisk
187:Species
159:Family:
143:Eudicots
43:tamarack
39:tamarind
18:Tamarisk
4048:Tamarix
3875:1030871
3862:38986-1
3823:2874694
3797:Tamarix
3732:Tamarix
3672:Tamarix
3657:Q164163
3642:Tamarix
3611:Tamarix
3599:Tamarix
3585:Tamarix
3569:2422635
3545:Tamarix
3343:Tamarix
3298:Zootaxa
3282:Tamarix
3176:6443419
3156:Bibcode
3105:Bibcode
3062:Bibcode
3025:Bibcode
2961:2269492
2941:Bibcode
2865:Tamarix
2835:Bibcode
2821:Tamarix
2738:Bibcode
2703:Bibcode
2691:Tamarix
2672:2422635
2648:Tamarix
2506:Bibcode
2455:Tamarix
2440:2937064
2420:Bibcode
2340:Tamarix
2332:Populus
2297:Bibcode
2243:Tamarix
2202:Tamarix
2125:3209227
1945:Bibcode
1820:Tamarix
1635:Tamarix
1631:Tamarix
1601:Tamarix
1542:Tamarix
1512:Tamarix
1399:In the
1346:Abraham
1344:21:33,
1342:Genesis
1327:In the
1298:10.466
1292:In the
1267:In the
1089:Ehrenb.
973:Ehrenb.
727:Ateybeh
711:Algeria
629:Tamarix
618:Tamarix
614:Tamarix
610:Tamarix
596:Populus
585:Tamarix
581:Tamarix
573:Tamarix
559:Tamarix
547:Tamarix
543:Tamarix
539:Tamarix
535:Tamarix
517:Tamarix
465:in the
357:Tamarix
351:Tamarix
346:Populus
336:Tamarix
305:Ecology
291:flowers
224:Eurasia
203:Tamarix
174:Tamarix
169:Genus:
149:Order:
104:Plantae
76:Revivim
54:Tamarix
4025:416040
3950:TAMAR2
3945:PLANTS
3937:941999
3921:NZOR:
3810:132255
3784:132255
3683:195309
3680:APDB:
3567:
3524:31 May
3461:
3174:
3123:
3080:
2986:
2959:
2670:
2621:
2526:
2477:
2438:
2395:
2315:
2224:
2131:
2123:
1963:
1920:31 May
1890:31 May
1794:
1731:22 May
1697:22 May
1651:22 May
1564:
1476:Mallee
1459:Apollo
1432:Osiris
1418:Byblos
1414:Osiris
1383:Jabesh
1362:Gibeah
1356:22:6,
1331:21.18
1320:Myrica
1316:ΞΌΟ
ΟΞ―ΞΊΞ·
1285:Enkidu
1273:Ninsun
1098:meyeri
1019:Ledeb.
947:Willd.
898:Willd.
881:Willd.
871:Zohary
666:, and
503:, and
497:willow
406:Greece
361:larvae
295:masses
228:Africa
80:Israel
4020:WoRMS
3914:63084
3888:22303
3870:IRMNG
3849:51305
3836:11855
3792:FoAO2
3771:21791
3758:1TAAG
3745:60977
3706:38911
3696:79998
3587:spp.)
3565:JSTOR
3317:(PDF)
3294:(PDF)
3256:(PDF)
3237:(PDF)
3212:(PDF)
3197:(PDF)
3172:S2CID
3121:S2CID
3078:S2CID
2957:JSTOR
2668:JSTOR
2561:(PDF)
2546:(PDF)
2475:S2CID
2436:JSTOR
2336:Salix
2255:(PDF)
2248:(PDF)
2222:S2CID
2129:S2CID
2121:JSTOR
2029:(PDF)
2014:(PDF)
1961:S2CID
1444:china
1401:Quran
1370:Judah
1366:David
1329:Iliad
1312:Greek
1308:Dolon
1295:Iliad
1249:Milos
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