1847:
1867:
1836:
1049:
and ühttp://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/5_JurCret.pdf
Jurassic-Cretaceous timescale], at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
1216:
927:
Mutterlose, Jörg; Rawson, Peter; Reboulet, Stéphane; Baudin, François; Bulot, Luc; Emmanuel, Laurent; Gardin, Silvia; Martinez, Mathieu; Renard, Maurice (September 2020).
1908:
1080:
458:
1209:
525:
475:
929:"The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Hauterivian Stage (Lower Cretaceous), La Charce, southeast France"
1202:
811:
The
Valanginian is often subdivided in Lower and Upper substages. The Upper substage begins at the first appearance of ammonite species
1942:
1052:
1901:
1073:
1947:
1894:
1225:
514:
1066:
1028:
1932:
670:
1937:
870:
1498:
1493:
1046:
780:
593:
585:
1927:
838:
818:
724:
559:
1829:
752:
619:
1041:
862:
712:
606:
1846:
854:
813:
1627:
1591:
1003:
1878:
1721:
1596:
1565:
1362:
1102:
993:
940:
728:
623:
271:
982:"How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?"
791:
The top of the
Valanginian (the base of the Hauterivian) is at the first appearance of the
1690:
1586:
1524:
1419:
1388:
1357:
1107:
282:
1866:
1840:
1659:
1529:
1424:
1393:
775:
764:
1921:
1874:
1560:
1550:
1519:
1482:
1414:
1383:
1178:
945:
928:
799:
720:
645:
549:
411:
258:
61:
1851:
1835:
1782:
1632:
1555:
883:
825:
589:
1055:, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
760:
1777:
1646:
1622:
1467:
1262:
1127:
768:
740:
330:
36:
1772:
1732:
1675:
1575:
1472:
1346:
1246:
1194:
1153:
1117:
1089:
846:
736:
366:
312:
235:
81:
46:
685:
672:
1787:
1737:
1711:
1670:
1617:
1462:
1438:
1319:
1309:
1298:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1132:
656:
402:
393:
384:
339:
302:
291:
246:
86:
1007:
735:
and 132.6 ± 2.0 Ma (million years ago). The
Valanginian Stage succeeds the
1747:
1742:
1706:
1606:
1539:
1508:
1403:
1372:
1333:
1283:
1257:
1233:
1158:
792:
756:
660:
640:
610:
375:
224:
212:
199:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1761:
1701:
1451:
1288:
1272:
829:
91:
66:
998:
981:
1797:
1680:
1314:
1142:
1137:
664:
614:
419:
357:
348:
1058:
882:
The oldest fossils that can definitely be attributed to the clade
795:
732:
627:
909:
1821:
1817:
1813:
785:
30:
1198:
1062:
107:
784:
in the stratigraphic column. A global reference section (a
774:
The base of the
Valanginian is at the first appearance of
1882:
886:(flowering plants) are dated to the Late Valanginian.
1796:
1760:
1720:
1689:
1658:
1645:
1605:
1574:
1538:
1507:
1481:
1450:
1437:
1402:
1371:
1345:
1332:
1297:
1271:
1245:
1232:
701:
652:
635:
600:
581:
573:
565:
555:
545:
540:
532:
520:
510:
505:
497:
492:
100:
21:
751:The Valanginian was first described and named by
828:, the Valanginian stage contains five ammonite
739:Stage of the Lower Cretaceous and precedes the
474:Subdivision of the Cretaceous according to the
1902:
1210:
1074:
8:
1025:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.
1053:Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous
481:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
1909:
1895:
1655:
1447:
1342:
1242:
1217:
1203:
1195:
1098:
1081:
1067:
1059:
908:International Commission on Stratigraphy.
997:
980:Coiro M, Doyle JA, Hilton J (July 2019).
944:
970:(2004) for a detailed geologic timescale
601:Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)
900:
1027:; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004,
788:) had in 2009 not yet been appointed.
18:
7:
1863:
1861:
582:Lower boundary definition candidates
448:
1816:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1881:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1820:= megaannum (millions years ago);
16:Second age of the early Cretaceous
14:
1824:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1865:
1845:
1834:
743:Stage of the Lower Cretaceous.
731:. It spans between 139.8 ± 3.0
1042:GeoWhen Database - Valanginian
1:
1263:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
946:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020072
1226:Geological history of Earth
755:in 1853. It is named after
1964:
1860:
1499:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1494:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1258:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1029:Cambridge University Press
839:Criosarasinella furcillata
29:139.8 ± 3.0 – 132.6 ± 2.0
1811:
1783:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1633:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1096:
863:Busnardoites campylotoxus
747:Stratigraphic definitions
729:Early or Lower Cretaceous
636:Upper boundary definition
574:Lower boundary definition
471:
105:
26:
1943:Cretaceous geochronology
1778:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1623:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1468:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1320:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1310:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1047:Mid-Cretaceous timescale
910:"ICS - Chart/Time Scale"
759:, a small town north of
1773:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1738:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1733:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1676:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1566:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1473:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1284:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
871:Tirnovella pertransiens
153:−100 —
143:−110 —
133:−120 —
123:−130 —
113:−140 —
1743:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1712:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1671:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1618:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1463:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1289:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1103:Lower/Early Cretaceous
781:Calpionellites darderi
594:Calpionellites darderi
183:−70 —
173:−80 —
163:−90 —
1748:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1707:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1628:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1315:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
1108:Upper/Late Cretaceous
855:Saynoceras verrucosum
847:Neocomites peregrinus
814:Saynoceras verrucosum
1788:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1681:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1561:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1551:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
914:www.stratigraphy.org
819:marine transgression
577:Not formally defined
1948:Geochronology stubs
1843: •
1832: •
1830:Geologic time scale
1592:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1556:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1525:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1420:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1389:Middle (164–174 Ma)
986:The New Phytologist
702:Upper GSSP ratified
682: /
653:Upper boundary GSSP
566:Time span formality
1841:Geology portal
1702:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1597:Early (470–485 Ma)
1530:Early (393–419 Ma)
1425:Early (247–252 Ma)
1394:Early (174–201 Ma)
1363:Early (100–145 Ma)
1358:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
713:geologic timescale
686:44.4694°N 5.4437°E
607:Montbrun-les-Bains
556:Stratigraphic unit
546:Chronological unit
533:Time scale(s) used
1890:
1889:
1858:
1857:
1756:
1755:
1722:Paleoproterozoic
1641:
1640:
1587:Late (444–458 Ma)
1520:Late (359–383 Ma)
1433:
1432:
1415:Late (201–237 Ma)
1384:Late (145–164 Ma)
1328:
1327:
1249:(present–2.58 Ma)
1237:(present–66.0 Ma)
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1090:Cretaceous Period
999:10.1111/nph.15708
709:
708:
506:Usage information
487:
486:
467:
466:
1955:
1933:Early Cretaceous
1911:
1904:
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1869:
1862:
1852:World portal
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1801:
1765:
1725:
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1691:Mesoproterozoic
1663:
1656:
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1610:
1579:
1543:
1512:
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1455:
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1443:
1407:
1376:
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917:
905:
697:
696:
694:
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692:
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624:Betic Cordillera
454:
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96:
33:
19:
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1938:Geological ages
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1807:
1799:
1792:
1763:
1752:
1723:
1716:
1692:
1685:
1661:
1660:Neoproterozoic
1650:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
1649:
1648:
1647:Proterozoic Eon
1637:
1608:
1601:
1577:
1570:
1541:
1534:
1510:
1503:
1484:
1477:
1453:
1441:
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1429:
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1398:
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1367:
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1336:
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1324:
1300:
1293:
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1228:
1223:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1147:
1092:
1087:
1038:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1015:
979:
978:
974:
965:
961:
951:
949:
926:
925:
921:
907:
906:
902:
897:
892:
880:
809:
749:
691:44.4694; 5.4437
690:
688:
684:
681:
676:
673:
671:
669:
668:
667:
488:
483:
482:
480:
463:
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28:
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17:
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1718:
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1709:
1704:
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1678:
1673:
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1665:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1483:Carboniferous
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1431:
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1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1301:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1275:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1269:
1268:
1266:
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1260:
1254:
1252:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:
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1190:
1189:
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1181:
1176:
1171:
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1161:
1156:
1150:
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1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1094:
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1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
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1044:
1037:
1036:External links
1034:
1033:
1032:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
972:
966:See Gradstein
959:
939:(2): 129–150.
919:
899:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
879:
876:
875:
874:
866:
858:
850:
842:
817:and the major
808:
805:
765:Jura Mountains
748:
745:
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703:
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698:
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538:
537:
536:ICS Time Scale
534:
530:
529:
522:
521:Regional usage
518:
517:
512:
511:Celestial body
508:
507:
503:
502:
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498:Name formality
495:
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106:
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55:
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40:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1877:article is a
1876:
1875:geochronology
1871:
1868:
1864:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
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1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1657:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1604:
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1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
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1580:
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1559:
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1548:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1439:Paleozoic Era
1436:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:(66.0–145 Ma)
1344:
1341:
1339:
1337:(66.0–252 Ma)
1331:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
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1277:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
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1251:
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1239:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1180:
1179:Maastrichtian
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1005:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
976:
973:
969:
963:
960:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
915:
911:
904:
901:
894:
889:
887:
885:
877:
873:
872:
867:
865:
864:
859:
857:
856:
851:
849:
848:
843:
841:
840:
835:
834:
833:
831:
827:
826:Tethys domain
822:
820:
816:
815:
806:
804:
802:
801:
800:Acanthodiscus
797:
794:
789:
787:
783:
782:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Édouard Desor
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
705:December 2019
704:
700:
695:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:
646:Acanthodiscus
642:
638:
634:
629:
625:
621:
620:Cañada Luenga
618:
616:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
599:
596:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:
548:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
513:
509:
504:
500:
496:
491:
479:
478:, as of 2022.
477:
470:
462:
456:
451:
450:
447:
423:
413:
412:Maastrichtian
404:
395:
386:
377:
368:
359:
350:
341:
332:
323:
314:
306:
297:
284:
273:
264:
253:
252:
239:
237:
227:
226:
217:
216:
203:
201:
192:
110:
109:
104:
99:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
1883:expanding it
1872:
1826:
1762:Archean Eon
1724:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1609:(485–539 Ma)
1578:(444–485 Ma)
1542:(419–444 Ma)
1511:(359–419 Ma)
1485:(299–359 Ma)
1454:(252–299 Ma)
1442:(252–539 Ma)
1406:(201–252 Ma)
1375:(145–201 Ma)
1334:Mesozoic Era
1234:Cenozoic Era
1122:
992:(1): 83–99.
989:
985:
975:
967:
962:
950:. Retrieved
936:
932:
922:
913:
903:
884:Angiospermae
881:
869:
861:
853:
845:
837:
823:
812:
810:
798:
790:
779:
776:calpionellid
773:
750:
716:
710:
644:
592:
590:Calpionellid
473:
321:
245:
233:
223:
211:
197:
1928:Valanginian
1798:Hadean Eon
1576:Ordovician
1347:Cretaceous
1247:Quaternary
1128:Hauterivian
1123:Valanginian
952:24 December
807:Subdivision
769:Switzerland
741:Hauterivian
717:Valanginian
689: /
639:FAD of the
331:Hauterivian
322:Valanginian
22:Valanginian
1922:Categories
1800:(4–4.6 Ga)
1764:(2.5–4 Ga)
1693:(1–1.6 Ga)
1299:Paleogene
1154:Cenomanian
1118:Berriasian
1019:Literature
890:References
737:Berriasian
674:44°28′10″N
541:Definition
461:extinction
367:Cenomanian
313:Berriasian
236:Cretaceous
101:Chronology
1827:See also:
1607:Cambrian
1540:Silurian
1509:Devonian
1404:Triassic
1373:Jurassic
1174:Campanian
1169:Santonian
1164:Coniacian
1133:Barremian
761:Neuchâtel
677:5°26′37″E
657:La Charce
493:Etymology
459:K-Pg mass
403:Campanian
394:Santonian
385:Coniacian
340:Barremian
304:Tithonian
1452:Permian
1273:Neogene
1159:Turonian
1008:30681148
933:Episodes
868:zone of
860:zone of
852:zone of
844:zone of
836:zone of
830:biozones
793:ammonite
778:species
757:Valangin
641:Ammonite
524:Global (
376:Turonian
200:Mesozoic
824:In the
763:in the
727:of the
711:In the
588:of the
453:←
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
1806:
1143:Albian
1138:Aptian
1006:
968:et al.
719:is an
715:, the
665:France
643:genus
615:France
569:Formal
501:Formal
443:
438:
433:
428:
421:Danian
358:Albian
349:Aptian
1873:This
895:Notes
878:Flora
821:Va3.
796:genus
725:stage
661:Drôme
628:Spain
611:Drôme
560:Stage
515:Earth
272:Early
1879:stub
1004:PMID
954:2020
786:GSSP
283:Late
37:PreꞒ
994:doi
990:223
941:doi
767:of
723:or
721:age
586:FAD
550:Age
526:ICS
476:ICS
1924::
1822:Ga
1818:Ma
1814:ka
1002:.
988:.
984:.
937:44
935:.
931:.
912:.
832::
803:.
771:.
733:Ma
663:,
659:,
626:,
622:,
613:,
609:,
87:Pg
31:Ma
1910:e
1903:t
1896:v
1885:.
1218:e
1211:t
1204:v
1082:e
1075:t
1068:v
1031:.
1010:.
996::
956:.
943::
916:.
528:)
295:C
293:P
262:J
260:L
250:g
248:P
225:J
215:Z
213:C
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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