2784:
2791:
4174:
2028:
3735:
3740:
136:
2777:
2022:
2016:
4234:
113:
4180:
442:
affinities for
Vegaviidae, and commented that to try to classify all southern hemisphere birds into a single clade is premature as it may not illustrate the complex relationships and the convergent evolution birds have undergone. He also suggested that it is uncertain whether
378:, the latter genus of which a more complete specimen had been found. This allowed the team to do anatomical comparisons between these genera. They found support for them making up a family of birds showing specializations to diving, classified as the sister taxon to
889:
Mayr, G.; De Pietri, V.L.; Scofield, R.P.; Worthy, T.H. (2018). "On the taxonomic composition and phylogenetic affinities of the recently proposed clade
Vegaviidae Agnolín et al., 2017 ‒ neornithine birds from the Upper Cretaceous of the Southern Hemisphere)".
362:
based on the similarities in the anatomy of the leg structure. However, there were some criticism to these assertions as the material are from incomplete specimens from
Antarctica lacking several important loon characteristics.
708:
Carolina Acosta
Hospitaleche, Javier N. Gelfo, New Antarctic findings of Upper Cretaceous and lower Eocene loons (Aves: Gaviiformes), Annales de Paléontologie Volume 101, Issue 4, October–December 2015, Pages
774:
Clarke, J.A.; Chatterjee, S.; Li, Z.; Riede, T.; Agnolin, F.; Goller, F.; Isasi, M.P.; Martinioni, D.R.; Mussel, F.J.; Novas, F.E. (2016). "Fossil evidence of the avian vocal organ from the
Mesozoic".
2783:
935:
Field, Daniel J.; Benito, Juan; Chen, Albert; Jagt, John W. M.; Ksepka, Daniel T. (18 March 2020). "Late
Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birds".
438:, is poorly supported. Furthermore, they argued that comparison of the plesiomorphic traits of the pterygoid and the mandible does not seem to firmly establish anseriform or
4344:
482:
as a neornithine, they did not consider it to be a member of
Anseriformes or Galloanserae, since they cannot find any diagnostic traits of those clades. In contrast,
1074:"A new Paleogene fossil and a new dataset for waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes) clarify phylogeny, ecological evolution, and avian evolution at the K-Pg Boundary"
449:
belongs to the family since the specimen shows traits of other bird groups including those of podicipediform and gaviiform, but if it were true, then both
4339:
520:
Agnolín, F.L.; Egli, F.B.; Chatterjee, S.; Marsà, J.A.G (2017). "Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary".
4334:
1174:
2027:
733:
4173:
734:"A partial skeleton of a new fossil loon (Aves, Gaviiformes) from the early Oligocene of Germany with preserved stomach content"
3734:
2790:
419:
by McLachlan et al. (2017) found an alternative position for vegaviids as stem-birds in the more inclusive clade
Ornithurae.
1123:
Crane, A.; Benito, J.; Chen, A.; Musser, G.; Torres, C. R.; Clarke, J. A.; Lautenschlager, S.; Ksepka, D. T.; Field, D. J.
2776:
3739:
366:
In 2017 Agnolín and colleagues performed a phylogenetic analysis of these genera in addition to the newly discovered
827:"The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)"
135:
2021:
1967:
1167:
2320:
1265:
2015:
695:
Hope, S. (2002). "The
Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes." Pp. 339-388 in Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L. (eds.),
3859:
2724:
4254:
4237:
3836:
3780:
608:: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada"
4329:
4301:
4096:
2346:
1911:
4067:
386:
unaffected by the extinction event that occurred. The authors also stated this is further evidence of
4179:
1160:
999:
838:
783:
619:
529:
3128:
2623:
2489:
2124:
314:
4124:
3256:
3205:
2852:
2592:
1815:
1292:
1054:
1015:
968:
917:
807:
756:
553:
130:
4306:
3033:
2953:
383:
4024:
3408:
1037:(Clarke et al., 2005) from the Late Cretaceous Antarctica, and its phylogenetic implications".
3976:
3235:
2963:
2478:
2263:
1867:
1234:
1105:
960:
952:
866:
799:
647:
545:
402:
382:
Anseriformes. This was interpreted as evidence that some families of modern birds crossed the
576:
Mayr, G. (2022). "Basic
Terminology and the Broader Phylogenetic and Geological Framework)".
4207:
4132:
4074:
3667:
3558:
3265:
2943:
2667:
2646:
1956:
1890:
1797:
1434:
1136:
1095:
1085:
1046:
1033:Álvarez-Herrera, G. P.; Rozadilla, S.; Agnolín, F. L.; Novas, F. E. (2024). "Jaw anatomy of
1007:
944:
907:
899:
856:
846:
791:
748:
678:
637:
627:
581:
537:
340:
4292:
4154:
4147:
4110:
4031:
4015:
3595:
3567:
3214:
2842:
2701:
2632:
2504:
2467:
2309:
2294:
2213:
2169:
2148:
1925:
1804:
1761:
1586:
1517:
1250:
302:
1100:
1073:
1003:
842:
787:
623:
533:
4197:
4139:
4103:
4000:
3932:
3907:
3880:
3848:
3492:
3462:
3327:
3166:
3084:
2973:
2713:
2639:
2602:
2100:
1897:
1656:
1552:
1491:
1470:
861:
826:
642:
603:
410:
406:
4323:
4217:
4212:
4081:
3941:
3825:
3769:
3448:
3367:
3311:
3281:
3228:
3221:
3107:
3098:
2882:
2862:
2405:
2394:
2280:
2249:
2206:
2155:
2141:
1835:
1567:
1545:
1530:
1448:
1058:
1019:
972:
921:
455:
439:
229:
59:
557:
4227:
4089:
3816:
3690:
3683:
3622:
3540:
3273:
3152:
3064:
3013:
2983:
2932:
2872:
2690:
2543:
2528:
2513:
2447:
2335:
2287:
2199:
2089:
1944:
1904:
1883:
1876:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1789:
1774:
1710:
1667:
1628:
1498:
1477:
1408:
1386:
811:
760:
682:
491:
368:
240:
122:
112:
1141:
1124:
1050:
1011:
903:
4277:
1125:"Taphonomic damage obfuscates interpretation of the retroarticular region of the
1090:
632:
4286:
4052:
3962:
3897:
3638:
3588:
3519:
3471:
3296:
3242:
3190:
3137:
3023:
2993:
2912:
2676:
2426:
2416:
2079:
1918:
1683:
1642:
1613:
1606:
1574:
1484:
1418:
1358:
1345:
1304:
1183:
585:
471:
445:
431:
379:
348:
322:
262:
34:
4117:
3985:
3792:
3676:
3646:
3581:
3547:
3533:
3526:
3350:
3320:
3114:
3074:
3003:
2892:
2821:
2808:
2736:
2683:
2559:
2536:
2521:
2457:
2384:
2272:
2242:
2235:
2178:
2134:
1828:
1717:
1701:
1690:
1649:
1635:
1599:
1560:
1538:
948:
752:
541:
475:
467:
354:
310:
273:
79:
44:
956:
4222:
4202:
4038:
3993:
3955:
3948:
3505:
3438:
3418:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3182:
3175:
3144:
2609:
2436:
2228:
2110:
1782:
1724:
1676:
1620:
1506:
1375:
1277:
1225:
326:
306:
147:
101:
97:
84:
1109:
964:
870:
803:
651:
549:
422:
Mayr et al. (2018) did a review of vegaviid systematics stating that while
430:
are likely sister genera based on overall similarities in their femur and
4271:
4045:
3917:
3574:
3512:
3334:
3288:
2902:
2653:
2577:
2221:
2185:
1731:
1463:
1216:
1207:
487:
387:
167:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
851:
795:
4059:
3805:
3653:
3478:
3053:
2363:
2192:
2058:
2045:
1979:
374:
283:
89:
64:
912:
309:. Definitive fossils attributed to the family have only been found in
3630:
3428:
3043:
2922:
1397:
1201:
415:
335:
330:
251:
157:
4248:
602:
Sandy M. S. McLachlan; Gary W. Kaiser; Nicholas R. Longrich (2017).
478:
with an unresolved position. While other researchers have recovered
1455:
397:
focusing on the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of giant
318:
825:
Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. (2017).
3757:
3702:
398:
359:
298:
177:
4252:
3755:
2806:
2043:
1343:
1194:
1156:
1152:
301:
of uncertain phylogenetic placement, which existed during the
401:
found weak support for Vegaviidae being the sister taxon to
390:
having an important role for the evolution of modern birds.
669:
Lambrecht, a Cretaceous loon from Chile (Aves, Gaviidae)".
986:
Acosta Hospitaleche C, Worthy TH (2021). "New data on the
4012:
3973:
3929:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3664:
3610:
3489:
3459:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3363:
3308:
3253:
3202:
3163:
3125:
3095:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2939:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2710:
2664:
2620:
2589:
2572:
2501:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2453:
2443:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2380:
2332:
2306:
2260:
2166:
2121:
2106:
2096:
2085:
2075:
1953:
1758:
1431:
1414:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1371:
279:
269:
258:
247:
236:
225:
4261:
4011:
3972:
3928:
3878:
3847:
3824:
3815:
3791:
3768:
3701:
3663:
3609:
3557:
3488:
3458:
3348:
3307:
3252:
3201:
3162:
3124:
3094:
2819:
2735:
2709:
2700:
2663:
2619:
2588:
2557:
2500:
2361:
2331:
2305:
2259:
2165:
2120:
2056:
1978:
1952:
1943:
1866:
1814:
1757:
1700:
1666:
1585:
1516:
1429:
1356:
1303:
1276:
1249:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
434:bones, the inclusion of other taxa, particularly
413:). The description and phylogenetic placement of
990:holotype from the Maastrichtian of Antarctica".
884:
882:
880:
597:
595:
1168:
8:
697:Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs
4249:
3886:
3821:
3797:
3765:
3752:
3497:
3356:
2831:
2827:
2816:
2803:
2706:
2565:
2373:
2369:
2068:
2064:
2053:
2040:
1949:
1820:
1766:
1754:
1591:
1522:
1440:
1364:
1353:
1340:
1282:
1255:
1246:
1191:
1175:
1161:
1153:
571:
569:
567:
111:
20:
1140:
1099:
1089:
911:
860:
850:
641:
631:
494:based on phylogenetic analyses in 2024.
4345:Tertiary extinctions of vertebrate taxa
503:
325:may represent this group. The putative
722:. 2nd edition. Yale University Press.
7:
474:birds, or as a taxon at the base of
486:was recovered as a sister taxon of
466:to be either a sister taxon to the
1072:Musser, G.; Clarke, J. A. (2024).
671:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
4340:Late Cretaceous first appearances
720:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
453:and possibly the closely related
4233:
4232:
4178:
4172:
3738:
3733:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2026:
2020:
2014:
580:. Springer Cham. pp. 3–27.
313:, though other fossils from the
134:
462:Field et al. (2020) considered
683:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011438
1:
4335:Prehistoric dinosaur families
1142:10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.003
1051:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.03.004
1012:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104818
904:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.02.013
393:Another 2017 paper by Worthy
339:, more likely belongs to the
1091:10.1371/journal.pone.0278737
633:10.1371/journal.pone.0189473
586:10.1007/978-3-030-87645-6_2
459:might represent vegaviids.
4361:
831:Royal Society Open Science
4192:
4170:
3889:
3800:
3764:
3751:
3731:
3500:
3359:
2834:
2830:
2815:
2802:
2773:
2568:
2376:
2372:
2071:
2067:
2052:
2039:
2012:
1823:
1769:
1753:
1594:
1525:
1443:
1367:
1352:
1339:
1285:
1258:
1245:
1190:
949:10.1038/s41586-020-2096-0
753:10.1007/s10336-004-0050-9
542:10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y
222:
217:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
23:
358:were classified as stem-
297:is an extinct family of
16:Extinct family of birds
741:Journal of Ornithology
578:Paleogene Fossil Birds
346:Previously the genera
4302:Paleobiology Database
1912:Paralitherizinosaurus
718:Feduccia, A. (1999).
522:The Science of Nature
405:(the clade including
212:Agnolín et al., 2017
120:Life restoration of
3129:Patagopterygiformes
2624:Confuciusornithidae
2490:Scansoriopterygidae
2125:Scansoriopterygidae
1004:2021CrRes.12404818A
992:Cretaceous Research
892:Cretaceous Research
852:10.1098/rsos.170975
843:2017RSOS....470975W
796:10.1038/nature19852
788:2016Natur.538..502C
667:Neogaeornis wetzeli
624:2017PLoSO..1289473M
534:2017SciNa.104...87A
315:Southern Hemisphere
195:Worthy et al., 2017
3257:Songlingornithidae
3206:Hongshanornithidae
2593:Omnivoropterygidae
2505:Jeholornithiformes
1816:Therizinosauroidea
665:Olson, S (1992). "
606:Maaqwi cascadensis
4317:
4316:
4255:Taxon identifiers
4246:
4245:
4188:
4187:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4068:Lutetodontopteris
3977:Gastornithiformes
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3758:Aves / Neornithes
3747:
3746:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3703:Aves / Neornithes
3605:
3604:
3344:
3343:
3236:Parahongshanornis
2798:
2797:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2553:
2552:
2479:Archaeopterygidae
2357:
2356:
2264:Archaeopterygidae
2035:
2034:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1868:Therizinosauridae
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1235:Maniraptoriformes
943:(7799): 397–401.
782:(7626): 502–505.
403:Gastornithiformes
305:and possibly the
292:
291:
213:
196:
4352:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4250:
4236:
4235:
4208:Deinonychosauria
4183:
4182:
4176:
4133:Protodontopteryx
4075:Macrodontopteryx
4014:
3975:
3931:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3887:
3822:
3798:
3766:
3753:
3742:
3737:
3668:Cimolopterygidae
3666:
3612:
3559:Hesperornithidae
3498:
3491:
3461:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3365:
3357:
3310:
3255:
3204:
3165:
3127:
3097:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2930:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2817:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2712:
2707:
2668:Jinguofortisidae
2666:
2647:Eoconfuciusornis
2622:
2591:
2574:
2566:
2503:
2487:
2476:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2403:
2392:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2334:
2308:
2262:
2168:
2123:
2108:
2098:
2087:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2041:
2030:
2024:
2018:
1968:Oviraptorosauria
1957:Oviraptorosauria
1955:
1950:
1891:Nanshiungosaurus
1821:
1798:Jianchangosaurus
1767:
1760:
1755:
1592:
1523:
1441:
1435:Alvarezsauroidea
1433:
1416:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1365:
1354:
1341:
1283:
1256:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1192:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1030:
1024:
1023:
983:
977:
976:
932:
926:
925:
915:
886:
875:
874:
864:
854:
822:
816:
815:
771:
765:
764:
738:
732:Mayr, G (2004).
729:
723:
716:
710:
706:
700:
693:
687:
686:
662:
656:
655:
645:
635:
618:(12): e0189473.
599:
590:
589:
573:
562:
561:
517:
341:Procellariformes
281:
271:
260:
249:
238:
227:
211:
206:
194:
189:
139:
138:
115:
105:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4257:
4247:
4242:
4184:
4177:
4160:
4155:Tympanonesiotes
4148:Pseudodontornis
4111:Palaeochenoides
4032:Caspiodontornis
4016:Pelagornithidae
4007:
3968:
3924:
3866:
3843:
3811:
3787:
3760:
3743:
3717:
3697:
3659:
3601:
3596:Parahesperornis
3568:Asiahesperornis
3553:
3484:
3454:
3353:
3340:
3303:
3248:
3215:Archaeornithura
3197:
3158:
3120:
3090:
2843:Archaeorhynchus
2824:
2811:
2794:
2781:
2751:
2731:
2702:Ornithothoraces
2696:
2659:
2633:Changchengornis
2615:
2584:
2562:
2549:
2496:
2468:Anchiornithidae
2366:
2353:
2327:
2321:Dromaeosauridae
2310:Dromaeosauridae
2301:
2295:Anchiornithidae
2255:
2214:Liaoningvenator
2170:Anchiornithidae
2161:
2149:Scansoriopteryx
2116:
2061:
2048:
2031:
1994:
1974:
1931:
1926:Therizinosaurus
1862:
1810:
1805:Lingyuanosaurus
1762:Therizinosauria
1737:
1696:
1662:
1587:Parvicursorinae
1581:
1518:Alvarezsauridae
1512:
1437:
1425:
1361:
1348:
1319:
1299:
1272:
1266:Avemetatarsalia
1251:Avemetatarsalia
1241:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1151:
1150:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1084:(7). e0278737.
1071:
1070:
1066:
1032:
1031:
1027:
985:
984:
980:
934:
933:
929:
888:
887:
878:
824:
823:
819:
773:
772:
768:
736:
731:
730:
726:
717:
713:
707:
703:
694:
690:
664:
663:
659:
601:
600:
593:
575:
574:
565:
519:
518:
505:
500:
303:Late Cretaceous
210:
204:
193:
187:
133:
106:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4358:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4322:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4298:
4283:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4198:Archaeornithes
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4140:Protopelicanus
4136:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4104:Osteodontornis
4100:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:Dromornithidae
3997:
3990:
3981:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3933:Dromornithidae
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3911:
3908:Perplexicervix
3901:
3890:
3884:
3881:Incertae sedis
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3860:Pangalliformes
3853:
3851:
3849:Pangalliformes
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3774:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3618:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3501:
3495:
3493:Hesperornithes
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3465:
3463:Ichthyornithes
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3360:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3328:Similiyanornis
3324:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3169:
3167:Ambiortiformes
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3085:Zhongjianornis
3078:
3068:
3058:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2974:Jianchangornis
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2856:
2846:
2835:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2725:Enantiornithes
2718:
2716:
2714:Enantiornithes
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2640:Confuciusornis
2636:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2603:Omnivoropteryx
2598:
2596:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2472:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2399:
2388:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2101:Pneumatoraptor
2094:
2083:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1898:Neimongosaurus
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1657:Trierarchuncus
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1553:Bonapartenykus
1549:
1542:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1492:Shishugounykus
1488:
1481:
1474:
1471:Bonapartenykus
1467:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1412:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1115:
1064:
1025:
978:
927:
876:
837:(10): 170975.
817:
766:
747:(4): 281–286.
724:
711:
701:
688:
677:(1): 122–124.
657:
591:
563:
502:
501:
499:
496:
407:Gastornithidae
329:vegaviid from
290:
289:
288:
287:
277:
267:
256:
245:
234:
220:
219:
215:
214:
202:
198:
197:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4357:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4239:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:Odontornithes
4216:
4214:
4213:Odontognathae
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4181:
4175:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:Barawertornis
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3837:Anserimorphae
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3826:Anserimorphae
3823:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3781:Palaeognathae
3778:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3770:Palaeognathae
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3741:
3736:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3449:Tingmiatornis
3443:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:Antarcticavis
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3312:Yanornithidae
3306:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3282:Songlingornis
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:Longicrusavis
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:Hongshanornis
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:Mengciusornis
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3099:Schizoouridae
3093:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:Changzuiornis
2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2863:Brevidentavis
2857:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2778:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:Cretaaviculus
2400:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:Archaeopteryx
2278:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2250:Yixianosaurus
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:Fujianvenator
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2142:Epidexipteryx
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2017:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:Beipiaosaurus
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1568:Heptasteornis
1565:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1546:Alvarezsaurus
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:Achillesaurus
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1449:Achillesaurus
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
923:
919:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
883:
881:
877:
872:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
821:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
735:
728:
725:
721:
715:
712:
705:
702:
698:
692:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:
653:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
607:
598:
596:
592:
587:
583:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
504:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
457:
456:Antarcticavis
452:
448:
447:
441:
440:galloanserine
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
384:K–Pg boundary
381:
377:
376:
371:
370:
364:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:
344:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
286:
285:
278:
276:
275:
268:
265:
264:
257:
254:
253:
246:
243:
242:
235:
232:
231:
230:Antarcticavis
224:
223:
221:
216:
209:
203:
200:
199:
192:
191:Vegaviiformes
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
103:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
30:Maastrichtian
22:
19:
4330:Euornitheans
4262:
4228:Unenlagiidae
4153:
4146:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4090:Odontopteryx
4088:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3916:
3906:
3896:
3879:
3817:Galloanserae
3804:
3691:Lamarqueavis
3689:
3684:Cimolopteryx
3682:
3675:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3623:Australornis
3621:
3613:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3546:
3541:Pasquiaornis
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3477:
3470:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3366:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3295:
3287:
3280:
3274:Piscivoravis
3272:
3264:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3153:Patagopteryx
3151:
3143:
3136:
3113:
3106:
3083:
3073:
3065:Xinghaiornis
3063:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3014:Khinganornis
3012:
3002:
2992:
2984:Jiuquanornis
2982:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2942:
2933:Gargantuavis
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2873:Changmaornis
2871:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2780:
2691:Jinguofortis
2689:
2682:
2675:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2608:
2601:
2575:
2544:Neimengornis
2542:
2535:
2529:Jixiangornis
2527:
2520:
2514:Dalianraptor
2512:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2456:
2448:Yandangornis
2446:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2383:
2347:Troodontidae
2336:Troodontidae
2293:
2288:Wellnhoferia
2286:
2279:
2271:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2200:Eosinopteryx
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2109:
2099:
2090:Palaeopteryx
2088:
2078:
2019:
1945:Pennaraptora
1924:
1917:
1910:
1905:Nothronychus
1903:
1896:
1889:
1884:Erlikosaurus
1882:
1877:Erliansaurus
1875:
1857:Suzhousaurus
1855:
1850:Martharaptor
1848:
1843:Enigmosaurus
1841:
1834:
1827:
1803:
1796:
1790:Fukuivenator
1788:
1781:
1775:Eshanosaurus
1773:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1711:Albertonykus
1709:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:Ceratonykini
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1629:Nemegtonykus
1627:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1505:
1499:Tugulusaurus
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:Haplocheirus
1476:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1417:
1409:Migmanychion
1407:
1396:
1387:Fukuivenator
1385:
1374:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1042:
1038:
1035:Vegavis iaai
1034:
1028:
995:
991:
988:Vegavis iaai
987:
981:
940:
936:
930:
895:
891:
834:
830:
820:
779:
775:
769:
744:
740:
727:
719:
714:
704:
696:
691:
674:
670:
666:
660:
615:
611:
605:
577:
525:
521:
492:Anseriformes
483:
479:
470:outside the
463:
461:
454:
450:
444:
436:Australornis
435:
427:
423:
421:
414:
394:
392:
373:
369:Australornis
367:
365:
353:
347:
345:
334:
294:
293:
282:
272:
261:
250:
241:Australornis
239:
228:
207:
190:
123:Vegavis iaai
121:
18:
4287:Wikispecies
4125:Proceriavis
4097:Odontoptila
4053:Gigantornis
3963:Ilbandornis
3898:Asteriornis
3639:Neogaeornis
3589:Hesperornis
3520:Chupkaornis
3472:Ichthyornis
3297:Yixianornis
3243:Tianyuornis
3191:Palintropus
3138:Alamitornis
3024:Meemannavis
2994:Juehuaornis
2913:Eogranivora
2853:Bellulornis
2677:Chongmingia
2427:Overoraptor
2417:Fukuipteryx
2080:Imperobator
1919:Segnosaurus
1684:Ceratonykus
1643:Parvicursor
1614:Khulsanurus
1607:Jaculinykus
1575:Patagonykus
1485:Patagonykus
1419:Yaverlandia
1359:Maniraptora
1346:Maniraptora
1305:Maniraptora
1184:Maniraptora
1127:Asteriornis
898:: 178–185.
472:crown group
451:Neogaeornis
446:Neogaeornis
432:tibiotarsal
349:Neogaeornis
323:New Zealand
263:Neogaeornis
4324:Categories
4293:Vegaviidae
4263:Vegaviidae
4196:See also:
4118:Pelagornis
3986:Brontornis
3793:Neognathae
3712:see below↓
3677:Ceramornis
3647:Polarornis
3614:Vegaviidae
3582:Fumicollis
3548:Potamornis
3534:Judinornis
3527:Enaliornis
3351:Ornithurae
3321:Abitusavis
3115:Schizooura
3075:Yumenornis
3034:Platanavis
3004:Kaririavis
2954:Horezmavis
2893:Chaoyangia
2822:Euornithes
2809:Euornithes
2746:see below↓
2737:Euornithes
2684:Cratonavis
2560:Pygostylia
2537:Kompsornis
2522:Jeholornis
2458:Zhongornis
2385:Alcmonavis
2273:Alcmonavis
2243:Xiaotingia
2236:Serikornis
2179:Anchiornis
2135:Ambopteryx
1989:see below↓
1829:Alxasaurus
1718:Linhenykus
1702:Mononykini
1691:Xixianykus
1650:Qiupanykus
1636:Ondogurvel
1600:Dzharaonyx
1561:Bradycneme
1539:Alnashetri
1314:see below↓
1217:Dinosauria
998:. 104818.
913:2328/37887
528:(87): 87.
498:References
476:Neognathae
468:Neornithes
428:Polarornis
355:Polarornis
317:including
311:Antarctica
295:Vegaviidae
274:Polarornis
208:Vegaviidae
96:Uncertain
24:Vegaviidae
4278:Q41767729
4223:Sauriurae
4203:Carinatae
4039:Cyphornis
4025:Aequornis
3994:Gastornis
3956:Genyornis
3949:Dromornis
3506:Baptornis
3439:Limenavis
3419:Iaceornis
3409:Guildavis
3399:Gallornis
3389:Cerebavis
3379:Apatornis
3183:Apsaravis
3176:Ambiortus
3145:Kuszholia
2610:Sapeornis
2437:Rahonavis
2229:Pedopenna
2111:Rahonavis
1783:Falcarius
1725:Mononykus
1677:Albinykus
1507:Xiyunykus
1376:Elopteryx
1293:Theropoda
1278:Theropoda
1226:Theropoda
1200:Kingdom:
1129:mandible"
1059:259955013
1045:: 11–20.
1020:233703816
973:212937591
957:1476-4687
922:134876425
411:mihirungs
333:known as
327:Campanian
307:Paleocene
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
102:Paleocene
98:Campanian
4272:Wikidata
4238:Category
4046:Dasornis
3918:Qinornis
3575:Canadaga
3513:Brodavis
3335:Yanornis
3289:Yanornis
3266:Hollanda
2964:Iteravis
2944:Hollanda
2903:Dingavis
2654:Yangavis
2578:Proornis
2222:Ostromia
2186:Aurornis
1732:Shuvuuia
1464:Bannykus
1208:Chordata
1206:Phylum:
1202:Animalia
1110:39078833
1101:11288464
1078:PLOS ONE
965:32188952
871:29134094
804:27732575
652:29220405
612:PLOS ONE
558:13246547
550:28988276
488:Anatidae
409:and the
388:Gondwana
201:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
4060:Laornis
3806:Neoaves
3654:Vegavis
3479:Janavis
3054:Wyleyia
2364:Avialae
2193:Caihong
2059:Paraves
2046:Paraves
1980:Paraves
1133:Geobios
1039:Geobios
1000:Bibcode
862:5666277
839:Bibcode
812:4389926
784:Bibcode
761:1070943
709:315–324
643:5722380
620:Bibcode
530:Bibcode
484:Vegavis
480:Vegavis
464:Vegavis
424:Vegavis
375:Vegavis
284:Vegavis
218:Genera
184:Order:
174:Class:
104:records
4307:361851
3631:Maaqwi
3429:Kookne
3044:Vorona
2923:Gansus
2395:Balaur
1398:Kakuru
1108:
1098:
1057:
1018:
971:
963:
955:
937:Nature
920:
869:
859:
810:
802:
776:Nature
759:
650:
640:
556:
548:
416:Maaqwi
395:et al.
336:Maaqwi
331:Canada
252:Maaqwi
1456:Aorun
1231:Clade
1222:Clade
1213:Clade
1055:S2CID
1016:S2CID
969:S2CID
918:S2CID
808:S2CID
757:S2CID
737:(PDF)
554:S2CID
380:crown
360:loons
319:Chile
299:birds
4082:Manu
3858:see
3835:see
3779:see
2723:see
2345:see
2319:see
1966:see
1291:see
1264:see
1106:PMID
961:PMID
953:ISSN
867:PMID
800:PMID
648:PMID
546:PMID
426:and
399:fowl
372:and
352:and
321:and
178:Aves
100:and
35:PreꞒ
1621:Kol
1137:doi
1096:PMC
1086:doi
1047:doi
1008:doi
996:124
945:doi
941:579
908:hdl
900:doi
857:PMC
847:doi
792:doi
780:538
749:doi
745:145
679:doi
638:PMC
628:doi
582:doi
538:doi
526:104
490:or
4326::
4304::
4289::
4274::
2156:Yi
1233::
1224::
1215::
1135:.
1131:.
1104:.
1094:.
1082:19
1080:.
1076:.
1053:.
1043:83
1041:.
1014:.
1006:.
994:.
967:.
959:.
951:.
939:.
916:.
906:.
896:86
894:.
879:^
865:.
855:.
845:.
835:11
833:.
829:.
806:.
798:.
790:.
778:.
755:.
743:.
739:.
675:12
673:.
646:.
636:.
626:.
616:12
614:.
610:.
594:^
566:^
552:.
544:.
536:.
524:.
506:^
343:.
85:Pg
4143:?
4128:?
4085:?
4063:?
4013:†
4004:?
3989:?
3974:†
3930:†
3921:?
3914:†
3904:†
3894:†
3694:?
3665:†
3642:?
3634:?
3626:?
3611:†
3490:†
3460:†
3445:†
3435:†
3425:†
3415:†
3405:†
3395:†
3385:†
3375:†
3371:?
3364:†
3309:†
3300:?
3292:?
3277:?
3269:?
3254:†
3203:†
3194:?
3186:?
3164:†
3148:?
3126:†
3096:†
3081:†
3071:†
3061:†
3057:?
3050:†
3040:†
3030:†
3020:†
3010:†
3000:†
2990:†
2980:†
2970:†
2960:†
2950:†
2940:†
2936:?
2929:†
2919:†
2909:†
2899:†
2889:†
2879:†
2869:†
2859:†
2849:†
2839:†
2711:†
2665:†
2621:†
2595:?
2590:†
2580:"
2576:"
2573:†
2532:?
2517:?
2502:†
2493:?
2486:†
2482:?
2475:†
2471:?
2464:†
2454:†
2444:†
2440:?
2433:†
2423:†
2413:†
2409:?
2402:†
2398:?
2391:†
2381:†
2333:†
2307:†
2298:?
2276:?
2261:†
2217:?
2167:†
2127:?
2122:†
2107:†
2097:†
2093:?
2086:†
2076:†
1954:†
1793:?
1778:?
1759:†
1624:?
1578:?
1556:?
1534:?
1502:?
1459:?
1432:†
1422:?
1415:†
1405:†
1401:?
1394:†
1390:?
1383:†
1379:?
1372:†
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1145:.
1139::
1112:.
1088::
1061:.
1049::
1022:.
1010::
1002::
975:.
947::
924:.
910::
902::
873:.
849::
841::
814:.
794::
786::
763:.
751::
699:.
685:.
681::
654:.
630::
622::
604:"
588:.
584::
560:.
540::
532::
280:†
270:†
266:?
259:†
255:?
248:†
244:?
237:†
233:?
226:†
205:†
188:†
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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