212:
124:
102:
330:
Shells range from elongate turret-shaped structures, to near-spherical. Shell sculpture varies greatly from simple concentric growth lines, which may or may not be barely visible on the shell surface, to heavy radial and axial ribbing. The shell aperture is normally oval, and often tangential to the
456:
refer to this group simply as a clade, leaving taxonomic determination as a future option. The World
Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) follows Bouchet & Rocroi regarding the taxonomic content of the Gastropoda but gives ranks to the higher taxa and defines Vetigastropoda as a subclass.
359:
Vetigastropods are present in most marine environments from intertidal zones to the deep sea. Many vetigastropods have adapted to specific ecological niches within their marine environments. They exist on rocky substrates, in soft sediments, and some have been found at deep-sea
424:
Vetigastropods typically have separate sexes, with individuals being either male or female. Fertilization usually occurs externally, and they lay eggs that develop into free-swimming larvae before settling as young adults. They normally have very small eggs that produce
1090:
335:(a small lid-like organ). Within the shell, Vetigastropods have a single pair of cephalic tentacles, and a distinct snout containing the mouth. The lateral sides of the body typically have sensory epipodial tentacles.
467:
but includes the
Vetigastropoda in what are referred to as Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda. Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 previously assigned the Vetigastropoda, as a superorder, to the Subclass
291:
with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their
1154:
Herbert D.G. (2015). An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent
Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca). Zootaxa. 4049(1): 1-98
449:
453:
269:
440:
Larger species typically have yearly cycles of spawning, and produce millions of eggs per reproductive season. Smaller species produce fewer eggs, but can spawn year round.
1065:
380:. Vetigastropods usually eject their gametes directly into the sea for fertilization, thus there is no courtship or mating between individuals for most species.
1327:
448:
The
Vetigastropoda have been referred to as a superorder as recently as at least 2007, by M. Harzhauser and in 2005 by D. Heidelberger and L. Koch following
1301:
1027:
Williams, S. T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. (2008). "Molecular systematics of
Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined".
1168:
913:"Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific"
747:
1353:
1173:
850:
Salvini-Plawen, L.; Haszprunar, G. (1987). "The
Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca)".
343:
Vetigastropods are found throughout all oceans of the world from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea environments, including
695:
Frýda, Jiří (1997). "Oldest
Representatives of the Superfamily Cirroidea (Vetigastropoda) with Notes on Early Phylogeny".
327:
have bright colours and glossy shells. The clade is characterized by having an intersected crossed platy shell structure.
944:"Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany)"
123:
764:
1386:
1262:
1249:
943:
912:
1332:
275:
Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods, and are widely distributed in all
460:
784:
1178:
661:
405:
320:
1158:
1381:
1189:
1340:
631:
544:
332:
738:
Geiger, D.L.; Nützel, A.; Sasaki, T. (2008). "Vetigastropoda". In Ponder, W.F.; Lindberg, D.R. (eds.).
1267:
1163:
1358:
1275:
1236:
1227:
257:
316:
1091:"A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other "archaeogastropods": re-organizing old gastropod clades"
1046:
964:
896:
Hickman, C. S. (1988). "Archaeogastropod
Evolution, Phylogeny and Systematics: A Re-Evaluation".
788:
720:
712:
499:
arrangement has shown that the
Vetigastropoda (and Caenogastropoda) mostly retain the ancestral
239:
118:
308:
211:
1345:
1029:
1009:
832:
743:
627:
485:
361:
324:
677:- turban snails - In 2008 this superfamily has been split into Trochoidea and Phasianelloidea
1140:
1105:
1038:
999:
989:
924:
877:
Haszprunar, G. (1993). "Sententia: The
Archaeogastropoda: A Clade, a Grade, or What Else?".
859:
822:
780:
704:
220:
646:
623: : belongs in its own independent clade, the Neomphalina, outside the Vetigastropoda
614:
604:
481:
469:
464:
437:
envelopes and have glandular pallial structures that produce masses of jelly-coated eggs.
304:
292:
284:
261:
110:
101:
303:
Vetigastropods range in size from approximately 0.08 in (2 mm) long in the case of
1241:
1004:
977:
863:
575:
537:
489:
426:
377:
247:
1254:
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59:
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928:
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34:
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79:
44:
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1153:
1145:
1128:
373:
348:
250:
243:
135:
84:
1013:
994:
315:. External colours and patterns are typically drab, but such groups as the
1129:"Testing relationships among the vetigastropod taxa: A molecular approach"
1206:
480:
is one of the four natural groups within the Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda,
393:
389:
280:
224:
155:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
463:
treats the Vetigastropoda as a major clade and as a sister clade to the
716:
344:
253:
89:
64:
1319:
496:
397:
228:
145:
1183:
1306:
1293:
477:
430:
409:
276:
265:
210:
1280:
500:
1187:
769:(Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations"
260:. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an
965:
Gofas, S. (2010). Gastropoda. World Register of Marine Species
773:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
311:, to more than 11.8 in (300 mm) in length, as with the
785:
10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2
978:"Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements"
565:(created as a new superfamily by Williams et al. (2008).)
515:
Not assigned to a superfamily within Vetigastropoda are:
408:
have evolved to feed directly on such plant material as
416:. Deep-sea vetigastropods typically consume sediment.
742:. University of California Press. pp. 297–330.
1196:
388:Vetigastropods typically feed on such organisms as
511:Superfamilies within the Vetigastropoda include:
1089:Aktipis, Stephanie W.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2010).
976:Grande C., Templado J. & Zardoya R. (2008).
811:"Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda"
804:
802:
636:- slit snails: a sister clade to Neomphalina
8:
279:of the world. Their habitats range from the
264:, although they are treated as an unranked
1184:
1084:
1082:
100:
20:
1144:
1003:
993:
826:
948:Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband
740:Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca
687:
376:, although some deep-sea varieties are
879:American Malacological Union Bulletin
7:
1174:Reconstructions of fossil gastropods
1127:Aktipis, S. W.; Giribet, G. (2011).
347:areas, temperate regions, and under
1179:2004 Linnean taxonomy of gastropods
942:Heidelberger, D.; Koch, L. (2005).
331:coiling axis. Most species have an
864:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04485.x
14:
1110:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x
1066:"ErrorTaxonomy object not found"
1043:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
765:"The edible West Indian "whelk"
122:
1164:Gastropod reproductive behavior
433:. Many vetigastropods secrete
429:(yolk feeding) or non-feeding
1:
1159:Gastropod taxonomy at Palaeos
917:Palaeontographica Abteilung A
476:analysis indicates that this
1133:Journal of Molluscan Studies
815:Journal of Molluscan Studies
852:Journal of Zoology (London)
610:- hydrothermal vent limpets
450:Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
1403:
461:Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
454:Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
400:. Several species such as
709:10.1017/s0022336000035782
549:Warén & Bouchet, 2001
532:(synonym: Trachysmatidae
256:that form a very ancient
215:The fossil vetigastropod
204:
197:
190:
185:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
982:BMC Evolutionary Biology
929:10.1127/pala/280/2007/75
372:Most vetigastropods are
270:Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005
911:Harzhauser, M. (2007).
828:10.1093/mollus/63.3.369
697:Journal of Paleontology
1169:Gastropod Neuroscience
995:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61
900:. Supplement 4: 17–34.
809:Hedegaard, C. (1997).
763:Robertson, R. (2003).
232:
217:Discohelix tunisiensis
1341:Paleobiology Database
1146:10.1093/mollus/eyr023
214:
205:3,700 extant species
1098:Invertebrate Biology
898:Malacological Review
180:Salvini-Plawen, 1989
16:Clade of sea snails
1387:Gastropod taxonomy
1068:. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
492:. Research on the
362:hydrothermal vents
233:
113:of Vetigastropoda
1369:
1368:
1190:Taxon identifiers
1030:Zoologica Scripta
669:
657:
635:
628:Pleurotomarioidea
609:
593:
581:- keyhole limpets
580:
550:
535:
531:
524:
486:Patellogastropoda
325:Pleurotomarioidea
209:
208:
181:
1394:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1322:
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967:
962:
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364:and cold seeps.
285:intertidal zones
221:Matmor Formation
179:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1402:
1401:
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736:
732:
694:
693:
689:
684:
647:Scissurelloidea
615:Murchisonioidea
605:Lepetodriloidea
579:Flemming, 1822
509:
482:Caenogastropoda
470:Orthogastropoda
465:Caenogastropoda
446:
422:
386:
370:
357:
341:
305:Scissurelloidea
301:
178:
121:
95:
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67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
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29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1400:
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1389:
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1382:Vetigastropoda
1374:
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1255:Vetigastropoda
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1242:Vetigastropoda
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1228:Vetigastropoda
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1198:Vetigastropoda
1194:
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1122:
1121:External links
1119:
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1104:(3): 220–240.
1078:
1056:
1037:(5): 483–506.
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858:(4): 747–770.
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821:(3): 369–377.
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767:Cittarium pica
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748:
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703:(5): 839–847.
686:
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576:Fissurelloidea
572:
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559:
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552:
551:
540:
538:Schizogoniidae
523:Cossmann, 1915
518:the families:
508:
505:
490:Heterobranchia
445:
442:
427:lecithotrophic
421:
418:
385:
382:
378:hermaphrodites
369:
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236:Vetigastropoda
227:) of southern
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186:Superfamilies
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176:Vetigastropoda
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656:Verrill, 1884
654:
653:Seguenzioidea
650:
648:
644:
642:
641:Porcellioidea
639:Superfamily †
638:
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:Neomphaloidea
618:
616:
613:Superfamily †
612:
608:McLean, 1988
606:
602:
600:
599:Lepetelloidea
596:
591:
587:
583:
577:
573:
571:
570:Eotomarioidea
568:Superfamily †
567:
564:
560:
558:
557:Amberleyoidea
555:Superfamily †
554:
547:
546:
541:
539:
528:
521:
517:
516:
514:
513:
512:
507:Superfamilies
506:
504:
503:arrangement.
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494:mitochondrial
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30:Ludlow–Recent
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19:
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1097:
1070:. Retrieved
1059:
1034:
1028:
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985:
981:
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814:
779:(1): 27–47.
776:
772:
766:
758:
739:
733:
700:
696:
690:
673:Superfamily
670:- top snails
660:Superfamily
651:Superfamily
645:Superfamily
626:Superfamily
619:Superfamily
603:Superfamily
597:Superfamily
584:Superfamily
574:Superfamily
561:Superfamily
543:
542:the genera:
534:Thiele, 1925
510:
474:Phylogenetic
459:
447:
439:
423:
420:Reproduction
387:
371:
358:
342:
339:Distribution
329:
317:Tricolioidea
302:
287:. Many have
274:
235:
234:
216:
191:
175:
18:
1315:iNaturalist
1222:Wikispecies
675:Turbinoidea
586:Haliotoidea
563:Angarioidea
530:Warén, 1991
527:Pendromidae
452:, although
414:angiosperms
412:and marine
402:Haliotoidea
313:Haliotoidea
299:Description
238:is a major
1376:Categories
1072:2013-09-28
1064:taxonomy.
923:: 75–121.
885:: 165–177.
682:References
666:Rafinesque
662:Trochoidea
594:- abalones
590:Rafinesque
520:Ataphridae
406:Trochoidea
321:Trochoidea
309:Skeneoidea
244:sea snails
172:Subclass:
166:Gastropoda
1139:: 12–27.
988:(1): 61.
837:1464-3766
725:130637321
545:Sahlingia
394:tunicates
390:bryozoans
374:dioecious
368:Behaviour
349:polar ice
333:operculum
319:and some
295:systems.
251:gastropod
242:group of
240:taxonomic
219:from the
199:Diversity
192:See text
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
1207:Wikidata
1051:84570997
1014:18302768
954:: 1–107.
793:86363886
632:Swainson
444:Taxonomy
345:tropical
281:deep sea
254:mollusks
225:Jurassic
223:(Middle
156:Mollusca
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
109:Various
1281:4934691
1213:Q141527
1005:2291457
717:1306561
668:, 1815
634:, 1840
592:, 1815
398:sponges
355:Habitat
258:lineage
162:Class:
1359:156485
1333:216275
1294:1VETIO
1049:
1012:
1002:
835:
791:
746:
723:
715:
536:), †
497:genome
488:, and
431:larvae
396:, and
289:shells
277:oceans
248:marine
229:Israel
111:shells
1354:WoRMS
1346:58775
1320:85549
1094:(PDF)
1047:S2CID
789:S2CID
721:S2CID
713:JSTOR
478:taxon
410:algae
293:organ
266:clade
262:order
1328:NCBI
1302:GBIF
1289:EPPO
1263:BOLD
1010:PMID
833:ISSN
744:ISBN
501:gene
404:and
384:Diet
323:and
35:PreꞒ
1307:899
1276:EoL
1268:104
1250:AFD
1237:ADW
1141:doi
1106:doi
1102:129
1039:doi
1000:PMC
990:doi
925:doi
921:280
860:doi
856:211
823:doi
781:doi
777:153
705:doi
435:egg
307:or
283:to
268:in
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90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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