631:, Maize is indigenous to South America. However, as trade with the interior developed over time, the Tsonga established what is called 'trading station', these stations were developed slowly into small villages. The purpose of the 'trading stations' was to prevent armed robbery since traders were often robbed their goods, so trading stations provided security against robbery since all these stations were guarded 24 hours by armed personnel and their staff. Some of the Tsonga traders never returned to the east coast and were given responsibility of taking care of these trading stations. Some Tsonga traders stayed permanently in the Venda and Pedi villages, never returning to the east coast. For more than 250-years, the Tsonga people had no interest in colonising the eastern and northern Transvaal, since they treated both the eastern and northern Transvaal as trading areas only.
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Nwaxinyamani, Chavani and other Tsonga settlements started to declare their independence from Chief
Njhakanjhaka and were successful in forming independent polities. It is therefore incorrect to think that Chief Njhakanjhaka is a chief at Elim and Njhakanjhaka village only, the contrary is true, Njhakanjhaka is in fact a Senior or a Paramount chief of all Vatsonga people in the whole Spelonken district and all Vatsonga people in the Spelenkon district accepted the authority of Njhakanjhaka. All other chiefs that exist today in Hlanganani were appointed by João Albasini, and that weakened the power of Njhakanjhaka as his chiefdom was reduced into a small village. Hosi Njhakanjhaka had 33 wives and more than 100 children.
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Tsonga refugees were not new areas, they were known to the Tsonga for more than 250-years. So the Tsonga refugees flocked in their thousands and started the process of 'internal colonisation', which after the period of 80-years (1820-1900), resulted in the 'internal colonisation of the whole eastern and northern
Transvaal by the Tsonga respectively. The land where Waterval is situated today was one of the ancient 'Tsonga trading station' and was already known to the Tsonga people for centuries before the process of 'internal colonisation', however, it was not known as Waterval.
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Authority was reduced to
Waterval, Shirley, Lemana and Elim, leaving the villages of Mbhokota, Bokisi, Chavani, milaboni, Riverplaats, tzaneen and Nwaxinyamani to be governed independently by Chief Njhakanjhaka's first born son, Chief Chavani Njhakanjhaka Mukhari. These villages are collectively known as Nkhensani Tribal Authority, under Chief Njhakanjhaka's son, Hosi Chavani. Nkhensani Tribal Authority's offices are based at Chavani Village, behind the township of Waterval.
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502:. Waterval also forms part of Njhakanjhaka Traditional Authority. The Hlanganani Regional Court for the District of Hlanganani (wrongly called "Waterval Magistrate Courts"), the historic Elim Hospital, Waterval Post Office, Police Station, Hubyeni Shopping Centre, and the new Elim Mall are all situated in Waterval. Prior to the
674:, who made himself paramount chief of all Vatsonga in modern Hlanganani district. Albasini was indeed a paramount chief of all Vatsonga in the Spelonken district (modern day Hlanganani district), it was only after the death of Joao Albasini in 1888 that Chief Njhakanjhaka was able to claim back his chieftainship from Albasini.
670:, Chavani, Mbhokota, Shirley, in fact the whole of Hlanganani). As Headman of Spelenkon, Chief Njhakanjhaka exercised authority over 50,000 Tsonga people who resides at Spelonken district; the 1905 Transvaal statistics put the number of Tsonga speakers of Spelonken at 50,000 souls. However, Chief Njhakanjhaka was undermined by
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missionaries in 1897 for a period of 100 years so that Elim
Hospital may be established. Therefore, Chief Njhakanjhaka, Mr Tlakula and Mr Makhubele are credited with the establishment of Elim Hospital. Prior to 1899 (the year Elim Hospital was established), the western half of Elim Hospital was owned
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as stample food, but with the arrival of the Tsonga, the Venda ceased to eat sorghum as staple food and started eating maize meal, which the Tsonga introduced to Venda. Both the Tsonga and the Venda named the new staple food Vuswa (Tsonga), Vhuswa (Venda). Maize was introduced to the Tsonga people by
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invaded the Tsonga homeland and a mass exodus of Tsonga refugees left the east coast in their thousands into both the eastern and northern
Transvaal. This is known as 'forced colonisation' since the Tsonga were forced to vacate their homeland due to war. These new 'colonies' that were invaded by the
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influences. A visit to the
Vatsonga Cultural Village will leave one proud to be a Tsonga speaker. The architecture of houses at Vastonga Cultural Village is a true reflection of the traditional Tsonga village and lifestyle. The construction of the cultural village costed the Government more than R1
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By 1888, the Swiss
Missionaries have already taken Valdezia, and Chief Njhakanjhaka was unable to become a chief at Valdezia, a position he held before the Swiss Missionaries converted the Vatsonga people to Christianity. In addition, the Vatsonga headmen all over Spelonken, known today as Bungeni,
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against the Nguni invaders, who not only oppressed his people but also enslaved women and children. To avoid death and execution at the hands of
Soshangane, Njhakanjhaka fled with his people and settle at a place known today as Waterval. The land where Waterval is situated is in fact Njhakanjhaka.
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The
Njhakanjhaka Traditional Authority or Elim/Shirley Traditional Authority proper includes Mbhokota, Bokisi, Chavani, Riverplaats and Nwaxinyamani and has a total population of more than 42,000 people combined. Because of Apartheid policies of the 1960s, the land of Njhakanjhaka Traditional
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The
Tlakula family is still the owners of the land where Elim Mall is situated, they claim 60% of the profit made from the mall, while Twin City, the developer of the mall, get 40% of the profit. Land negotiations took more than five years before the Tlakula family could release the land for
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Chief Njhakanjhaka, Hakamela Tlakula's grandfather and Mr Job Makhubele played a vital role during the establishment of Elim Hospital. Hakamela Tlakula's grandfather and Mr Job Makhubele owned pieces of land where Elim Hospital is situated. Chief Njhakanjhaka, on behalf of Mr Tlakula and Mr
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Chief Njhakanjhaka is the owner of the land where Hubyeni shopping centre is situated, during the land negotiation with Kerr Development, Chief Njhakanjhaka's rules were that 10% of shareholding should be transferred to the Njhakanjhaka Traditional Authority under Elim/Shirley community.
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As of mid-2015 population statistics (Stats SA), it had a population of 9,000 people and is part of Njhakanjhaka Traditional Authority or Elim/Shirley Traditional Authority, with a combined population of more than 22,000 people according to mid-2015 population statistics (Stats SA).
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On top of Ribolla Mountain one finds a place dedicated to the history of the Tsonga people. It is possible to see 29 villages down the mountain. The Vatsonga Cultural Village was started by a young woman who felt that the culture of the Vatsonga was under attack by some
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The village of Shirley is situated above Waterval, Shirley is divided into four villages, the one above Waterval, the one on top of the mountain, the one below the mountain and Akanani, which is the newest of these villages. Shirley is also home to
478:. Waterval includes Njhakanjhaka, Lemana, Elim Hospital, Elim Mall, Hubyeni Shopping centre, Magangeni but excludes Shirley village, which is a separate and stand alone farm, sharing a legal boundary with Waterval and Mbhokota village to the east.
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by the Venda in exchange for goods. The Venda were skilled locksmith, they traded iron to the Tsonga and the Tsonga sold them Maize and introduced maize to the whole of Venda. Prior to trade between the Tsonga and the Venda, the Venda used to eat
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was married here and her husband's family, the Tlakulas, are the land owners of Elim. The new Elim Mall is situated on land owned by the Tlakula family. Elim refers to Njhakanjhaka village, Rivoni and Lemana, but exclude Waterval and Shirley.
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This is the original home of Chief Njhakanjhaka, Rivoni also houses the Njhakanjhaka Traditional Authority Offices, Chief Njhakanjhaka hold tribal meetings here (Hubyeni). The Rivoni School for the Blind is also situated here, the
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by the Tlakula family as their family property, while the eastern half of Elim Hospital was owned by Mr Job Makhubele as his family property (the Makhubele family changed their surname and they are known today as Lowane family).
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development to Twin City. As a sign of the Tlakula family's ownership of Elim Mall, the centre manager, Ms Basani Tlakula, is a daughter of the Tlakula family and she manages the mall on behalf of the Tlakula family.
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Witter, R 2010, Taking their territory with them when they go: Mobility and access in Mozambique's Limpopo National Park, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Georgia.
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in 1497, Vasco Da Gama stayed briefly on the land of the Tsonga and named it "Terra da Boa Gente" (Land of the friendly people), before departing to India on a sea voyage.
581:. Between 1554-1800, the Tsonga people started to leave the east coast and began trading with the interior. They established 'trade routes' that included the whole eastern
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Full scale 'internal colonisation' of both the eastern Transvaal and northern Transvaal only begin from 1820 onwards, this was a period when
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from Waterval and the surrounding lands. By the late 1960s, as a results of negotiations between the South African government and professor
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between the years 1554-1800 but they did not settled in these areas. Goods traded with the Venda and the Pedi included beads, clothes,
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702:. The Farm Waterval included the land where Elim Hospital is located and the whole of Njhakanjhaka and Rivoni but excluded Shirley.
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During the 1950s until the late 1960s, the land of Waterval, Elim, Shirley, Chavani, Mbhokota, Riverplaats, Nwaxinyamani, Bokisi,
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The Lowane family still resides today at Elim and their house can be found on the main road opposite Elim Mall, along the
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officials of the Department of Bantu Affairs and Development. When Apartheid ended in 1994, the area was shifted to
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Paver, FR 1933, Trade and Mining in Pre-European Transvaal, South African Journal of Science, no. 30, pp. 603‒611.
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Njhakanjhaka III (crowned in 2011 at Shirley Village, he is the current ruler and chief of Elim/Shirley Community)
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encounter, Chief Njhakanjhaka exercised authority in the area. This western portion of Gazankulu was known as the
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in 1878 and the founding of Elim Hospital in 1899. Prior to this, the Swiss Mission Station was located in
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and forced removal was imminent. The Apartheid government attempted, without success, to remove the
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to the people of Njhakanjhaka, one can still see the impact of such civilisation in the whole of
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Chief Njhakanjhaka was one of Chief of Spelonken (modern day Valdezia, Elim, Nwa-Xinyamani,
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Chief Njhakanjhaka and his people arrived here between 1818 and 1820 as refugees from
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warriors under the command of Soshangane. Chief Njhakanjhaka had tried to defend his
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where they were in their early stages of massive colonisation of their colony called
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presenter, Rhulani Baloyi was born here, she attended Rivoni School for the Blind.
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leaders who rebelled against the authority of Soshangane and was defeated by the
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Njhakanjhaka I (died in 1930 at Waterval farm, known today as Shirley Village)
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is a residential township in front of Elim Hospital, it is situated in the
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Formerly a college of education, Lemana is an intellectual bastion of the
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Xilumani (born in Mozambique, date not known), died in Waterval/Shirley
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and Nkuzana was dubbed the 'Tsonga finger'. It was located in what the
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Njhakanjhaka II (crowned in 1995 and died in 2007 at Shirley Village)
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and the northern Transvaal. The Tsonga traded goods with both the
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Shinguwa (date of birth not known), died in Waterval/Shirley
597:, guns, soap, and shoes, which the Tsonga obtained from the
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The history of Waterval goes back to the founding of the
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Waterval was proclaimed a township in 1980 by the former
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510:"finger" during the 1950s until the late 1960s by the
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people. Many Vatsonga were educated here. The former
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where many missionaries came from. The Swiss brought
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also came from Elim, The former commissioner of the
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The village of Elim took its name from the historic
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1308:Populated places in the Makhado Local Municipality
526:History of Hosi Njhakanjhaka: Headman of Spelonken
791:Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa
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8:
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822:Elim Hospital is a very popular hospital in
984:See www.elimall.co.za for more information.
619:or the Portuguese have obtained maize from
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898:Njhakanjhaka royal lineage and succession
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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601:and were rewarded with both ivory and
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565:Tsonga Trading Posts in the interior
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1085:Vhembe District within South Africa
738:, the Tsonga finger was annexed to
302:3.60 km (1.39 sq mi)
1021:Municipalities and communities of
807:Makhubele, leased the land to the
760:, a poet, writer and entertainer.
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736:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi
42:needs additional citations for
16:For the M.C. Escher lithograph
129:Place in Limpopo, South Africa
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498:homeland, in the district of
1023:Vhembe District Municipality
826:and abroad, particularly in
742:, as well as Elim Hospital.
520:Vhembe District Municipality
860:Lemana Multi-purpose centre
323:2,100/km (5,500/sq mi)
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516:Makhado Local Municipality
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884:Vatsonga Cultural Village
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880:was educated at Lemana.
722:government considered a
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201:Show map of South Africa
22:Waterfall (M. C. Escher)
851:Hubyeni Shopping centre
454:district of the former
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726:in the nearby town of
542:This section is empty.
518:and now forms part of
1106: (Hlanganani) •
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688:Swiss Mission Station
941:"Sub Place Waterval"
328:Racial makeup (2011)
320: • Density
51:improve this article
646:during the wars of
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171:Show map of Limpopo
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408: • Other
370: • Other
312: • Total
299: • Total
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335:Black African
333: •
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289:Elim, Limpopo
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211:Coordinates:
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68: –
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62:Find sources:
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40:This article
38:
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1286:
1257:Olifantshoek
1212:Bandelierkop
1120:Mutshikilini
1036:
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832:Christianity
824:South Africa
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546:adding to it
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476:South Africa
474:province of
458:homeland of
447:
446:
276:Municipality
250:South Africa
139:Njhakanjhaka
113:
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
17:
1194:Thohoyandou
1038:Thohoyandou
945:Census 2011
876:President,
828:Switzerland
758:Vonani Bila
434:Postal code
233: /
1237:Kranspoort
1149:Green Farm
1108:Malamulele
1055:Beitbridge
920:References
724:White area
648:Soshangane
644:Mozambique
636:Soshangane
599:Portuguese
500:Hlanganani
490:Governance
452:Hlanganani
307:Population
286:Main Place
221:30°04′05″E
218:23°09′32″S
77:newspapers
66:"Waterval"
1169:Makwarela
1136:Thulamela
1128:Tshilamba
1104:Spelonken
894:million.
842:Elim Mall
817:R578 road
740:Gazankulu
720:Apartheid
583:Transvaal
512:Apartheid
496:Gazankulu
464:R578 road
460:Gazankulu
417:Time zone
1302:Category
1287:Waterval
1277:Valdezia
1272:Tshitale
1267:Tshikota
1222:Buysdorp
1174:Maranzhe
1164:Makumeke
1159:Lwamondo
1112:Mapakoni
1100:Dzimauli
1066:Shakadza
891:European
870:Shangaan
716:Valdezia
696:Valdezia
589:and the
575:Portugal
553:May 2020
448:Waterval
436:(street)
346:Coloured
266:District
256:Province
195:Waterval
165:Waterval
136:Waterval
18:Waterval
1227:Dzanani
1217:Bungeni
1204:Makhado
1184:Shigalo
1179:Nyavani
1144:Duthuni
1124:Thengwe
1071:Chipise
1060:Messina
1027:Limpopo
975:see at
874:FRELIMO
751:Shirley
712:Bungeni
700:malaria
682:History
668:Bungeni
608:sorghum
472:Limpopo
470:in the
280:Makhado
260:Limpopo
246:Country
91:scholar
1282:Vuwani
1262:Tiyani
1247:Levubu
1189:Sibasa
1154:Josefa
1116:Mutale
1047:Musina
866:Tsonga
838:area.
764:Rivoni
732:Tsonga
652:Tsonga
629:Brazil
579:Africa
508:Tsonga
468:Giyani
456:Tsonga
388:Tsonga
381:(2011)
357:Indian
270:Vhembe
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
20:, see
809:Swiss
793:, Ms
656:Nguni
595:maize
587:Venda
504:Swiss
422:UTC+2
403:15.1%
399:Venda
392:80.2%
361:Asian
339:99.6%
315:7,712
98:JSTOR
84:books
868:and
836:Elim
777:Elim
771:SABC
692:Elim
603:iron
591:Pedi
577:and
440:1739
426:SAST
411:4.7%
373:0.1%
365:0.2%
350:0.1%
294:Area
70:news
690:in
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466:to
53:by
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