590:] Mount Constantoffspring. This is where the Terrace of Common Work is situated. Bowmen do not dare to face in its direction. There is someone on this mountain wearing green clothes. Her name is Droughtghoul, daughter of the great god Yellow. The god Jest Much invented weapons. He attacked the great god Yellow. The great god Yellow then ordered Responding Dragon to do battle with Jest Much in the Wilderness of Hopeisland. Responding Dragon hoarded up all the water. But the god Jest Much asked the Lord of the Winds and the Leader of the Rains to let loose strong winds and heavy rain. So the great god Yellow sent down his sky daughter called Droughtghoul and the rain stopped. Then she killed Jest Much. Droughtghoul could not get back up to the sky. The place where she lives on earth never has rain.
570:] Mount Successcity-carriesthesky. There is someone on this mountain. His ear ornaments are two yellow snakes, and he is holding two yellow snakes. His name is Boast Father. Sovereign Earth gave birth to Faith. Faith gave birth to Boast Father. Boast Father's strength knew no bounds. He longed to race against the light of the sun. He caught up with it at Ape Valley. He scooped some water from the great River to drink, but it wasn't enough. He ran towards Big Marsh, but just before he reached it, he died here by this mountain. Responding Dragon had already killed Jest Much, and now he also killed Boast Father. Then Responding Dragon left for the southern region and settled there. That is why there is so much rain in the southern region.
1067:
33:
531:] Mount Haplessplough-soilmound. Responding Dragon lives at the South Pole. He killed the gods Jest Much and Boast Father. But then Responding Dragon could not go back up to the sky. That is why down on earth there are so many droughts. When there is a drought, people make an image of Responding Dragon, and they receive a heavy rainfall.
446:
When Lord Gun brought forth Yu from his belly, how was he transformed? Yu inherited the same tradition and carried on the work of his father. If he continued the work already begun, in what way was his plan a different one? How did he fill the flood waters up where they were most deep? How did he set
811:
They rode the thunder chariot, using winged dragons as the inner pair and green dragons as the outer pair. They clasped the magic jade tablets and displayed their charts. Yellow clouds hung inter-woven (to form a coverlet over the chariot) and they (the whole retinue) were preceded by white serpents
1281:
Yinglong representations were anciently used in rain-magic ceremonies, where
Eberhard says "the most important animal is always a dragon made of clay". Besides controlling rain and drought, the Yinglong Responsive Dragon did something else: "With his tail he drew lines in the earth and thus created
436:, which Hawkes characterizes as "a shamanistic catechism consisting of questions about cosmological, astronomical, mythological and historical matters", and "is written in an archaic language to be found nowhere else in the Chu anthology" excepting "one or two short passages" in the
1232:. Ying-lung, who ... made the beds of rivers by waggling his tail in the muddy soil and thus helped Yü to regulate the flood, was a kind of eel, too: Hsiang-liu stopped the water with his body; Ying-lung with his tail made it run freely, just as Yü's father
1198:. "Yü exhausted his energy creating channels, diverting the waters and establishing mountains as the yellow dragon dragged its tail in front and the black turtle carried green-black mud (used to build the channels) in back."
1236:
stopped the water, while Yü made it run. Kun who, according to legend, was executed for his inability to stop the flood, turned into a "dark fish"; and some texts call Kun "The naked one". Both names fit quite well the
485:
records variant
Yinglong myths in two chapters of "The Classic of the Great Wilderness" section. The "Responding Dragon" is connected with two deities who rebelled against the Yellow Emperor: the war-god and rain-god
896:
snake wanders in the mists. But when the clouds dissipate and the mists clear, the dragon and the snake become the same as the earthworm and the large-winged black ant because they have lost that on which they
663:) explains how animal evolution originated through dragons, with Yinglong as the progenitor of quadrupeds. Carr notes this Responsive Dragon is usually pictured with four wings, perhaps paralleling four legs.
598:
concludes that "all these nature myths are purely Han-time lore, and there is no trace of them in pre-Han sources", with two exceptions. Ba, who is "a very old folk-lore figure", already occurs in the c.
1206:
Eberhard wrote that "All traditions about Ying-lung are vague". Although the legendary
Yinglong dragon helped Yu to control floods, "Yü was frequently bothered by dragons", most notably the flood-deity
329:. The examples below, limited to books with English translations, are roughly arranged in chronological order, although some heterogeneous texts have uncertain dates of composition.
560:
in two myths about killing Kua Fu "Boast Father". The first version says
Yinglong killed him in punishment for drinking rivers and creating droughts while chasing the sun.
2334:
1250:
Eberhard concludes that
Yinglong and the mythic elements about Yu "testify to the connection between Yü and the cultures of the south, which differ from Yü myths of the
1165:, which "uses its tail to sketch on the land a map of channel-like formations whereby the floodwaters were allowed to drain", as the tail of the celestial dragon
1058:
in the myth. They fought simultaneously against Chiyou's forces. This relationship led to the mythological romance of Nüba and
Yinglong in later centuries.
1793:
2273:
2089:
1691:
1654:
Huai nan tzu; Philosophical
Synthesis in Early Han Thought: The Idea of Resonance (Kan-ying) With a Translation and Analysis of Chapter Six
1183:
404:. Shun appointed Yu to control the floods, and after succeeding through diligently constructing canals, Yu divided ancient China into the
2280:
1882:
870:
dragon ascends into the sky mounting the clouds; a monkey is nimble in the trees and a fish is agile in the water." Ames compares the
318:
2301:
1821:
2366:
2359:
2245:
1786:
650:(lit. "sensation and response") "resonance; reaction; interaction; influence; induction", which Charles Le Blanc posits as the
2327:
911:
209:
56:
2294:
2210:
476:
201:
70:
42:
1229:
2029:
513:) mentions Yinglong killing both Chiyou "Jest Much" and Kua Fu "Boast Father", and describes using Yinglong images in
1138:
pulling the chariot of Fuxi and Nüwa, analogous examples include legends of
Huangdi ascending to heaven on a dragon (
400:, had Gun executed and his body exposed, but when Gun's corpse did not decompose, it was cut open and Yu was born by
1877:
1841:
1779:
1282:
the rivers … In other words, the dragon made the waterways – the most important thing for all cultivators of rice.
1220:. Eberhard, based on Sun Jiayi's identification of Xiangliu as an eel, concludes that Yinglong was an eel as well:
2412:
2380:
2352:
2132:
1856:
2402:
2252:
600:
174:
447:
bounds to the Nine Lands? What did the winged dragon trace on the ground? Where did the seas and rivers flow?
580:"Droughtghoul" killed Chiyou "Jest Much" after Yinglong failed. Ba is a drought-demon analogous with Kua Fu.
2407:
2373:
2266:
1958:
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1816:
1187:
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2157:
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answers that
Yinglong drew lines on the ground to show Yu where to dig drainage and irrigation canals.
2287:
2142:
1093:
456:
424:
369:
2308:
2137:
2122:
413:
249:
677:) produced the flying dragon, the flying dragon gave birth to the phoenixes, and after them the
1066:
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1826:
1802:
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735:
305:
101:
2084:
1887:
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401:
547:"earth/clay dragon", "The earthen dragons of the present day find their origin in this."
1702:
The Songs of the South: An
Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets
261:"respond; correspond; answer; reply; agree; comply; consent; promise; adapt; apply" and
2238:
1963:
1948:
1902:
1831:
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940:"winged dragon" as one of the principal dragons. "If a dragon has scales, he is called
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388:
322:
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1724:
Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought: Chapters Three, Four, and Five of the Huainanzi
525:
At the northeast corner of the Great Wilderness there is a mountain. Its name is [
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2231:
2152:
2117:
1995:
1968:
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1122:
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667:
All creatures, winged, hairy, scaly and mailed, find their origin in the dragon. The
2147:
2107:
1953:
1943:
1255:
1191:
392:
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326:
296:
definitively means "responsive dragon; responding dragon" and not "proper dragon".
108:
1085:
mythically relates with other Chinese flying dragons and rain deities such as the
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2059:
1907:
1262:
1225:
917:
373:
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2007:
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From Deluge to Discourse: Myth, History, and the Generation of Chinese Fiction
1251:
731:) and all quadrupeds, in general the hairy beings, were born successively. …
518:
608:, and Yinglong, "who directed the flow of rivers and seas", occurs in the c.
2320:
2217:
1985:
1275:
564:
In the middle of the Great Wilderness there is a mountain. Its name is [
687:) and all birds, in general the winged beings, were born successively. The
594:
Based on textual history of Yinglong, Chiyou, Kua Fu, and related legends,
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1613:. Translated by Richard Aldington; Delano Ames. London: Hamlyn Publishing.
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1224:
Sun points out that the eel is an important important animal in the
2167:
2049:
2018:
1980:
1927:
1851:
1140:
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131:
1709:
Karlgren, Bernhard (1946). "Legends and Cults in Ancient China".
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2024:
2002:
1846:
1158:
showing two symmetrical dragons intertwined like Fuxi and Nüwa.
1071:
756:
574:
The second mythic version says the Yellow Emperor's daughter Ba
1775:
391:, to control massive flooding, but he failed. Yao's successor,
909:
occurs in various additional Chinese texts. For instance, the
892:
Shen Tzu said: "The flying dragon mounts the clouds and the
1144:) and Yu riding a carriage drawn by two flying dragons (
550:"The Classic of the Great Wilderness: The North" (17,
179:
1037:, "horned dragon") and after a thousand years into a
507:"The Classic of the Great Wilderness: The East" (14,
113:
2344:
2202:
2176:
2100:
1936:
1870:
1809:
1265:, that Yinglong was originally associated with the
1169:, which is "situated precisely where the Milky Way
1130:drawing the cars of gods or holy men". Besides the
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21:
1245:, pp. 350–351, parenthetical comments omitted
1182:retells the Yu flood-control myth in terms of the
2335:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
1711:Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
1222:
582:
562:
523:
444:
287:"should; ought to; need to; proper; suitable",
1161:Porter interprets the tail of the terrestrial
538:'s (early 4th century CE) commentary mentions
156:
136:
1787:
1742:The Legendary Creatures of the Shan hai ching
1704:. Translated by Hawkes, David. Penguin. 1985.
1647:. Translated by Birrell, Anne. Penguin. 2000.
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1054:, Yinglong was connected as a companion to
990:as a 1000-year-old dragon. "A water snake (
866:snake springs up into the mist; the flying
278:is also pronounced (with a different tone)
227:
1794:
1780:
1772:
1683:The Local Cultures of South and East China
1349:
999:) after five hundred years changes into a
474:The (c. 4th century BCE – 1st century CE)
317:"a winged rain-dragon" in myths about the
165:
92:
31:
387:, who was supposedly a descendant of the
232:'responsive dragon') is a winged
1656:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
1589:
1565:
1445:
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1027:after five hundred years changes into a
1361:
1345:
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964:); and if he has no horn, he is called
423:) asks about Yinglong, in context with
1611:New Larousse encyclopedia of mythology
1553:
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1505:
1493:
1481:
1421:
1333:
1309:
1297:
1013:after a thousand years changes into a
18:
1670:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
884:metaphor to the Legalist philosopher
7:
1577:
1529:
1469:
1457:
1409:
1117:Visser mentions that texts like the
2281:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1749:Visser, Marinus Willern de (1913).
1258:'s hypothesis, based on studies of
1883:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
986:"Records of Strange Things" lists
738:suggests this "otherwise unknown"
372:. According to Chinese mythology,
319:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
14:
2302:What the Master Would Not Discuss
1645:The Classic of Mountains and Seas
654:text's central and pivotal idea.
355:" mentions Yinglong helping King
1126:often record "flying dragons or
812:and followed by speeding snakes.
785:-dragons", while accompanied by
16:Water deity in Chinese mythology
2367:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
2360:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
749:"Peering into the Obscure" (6,
364:, the legendary founder of the
2328:Records of the Grand Historian
1270:
1216:
1178:
1043:
1033:
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912:Records of the Grand Historian
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451:The (early second century CE)
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1:
2295:In Search of the Supernatural
2211:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1752:The Dragon in China and Japan
1731:Porter, Deborah Lynn (1996).
1693:The Religious System of China
1134:(above) mentioning a pair of
862:"soaring snake" dragon. "The
742:"hairy calf" alludes to the "
697:, "hairy calf") produced the
477:Classic of Mountains and Seas
469:Classic of Mountains and Seas
43:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1740:Schiffeler, John W. (1978).
345:The (3rd–2nd centuries BCE)
1696:. Vol. 6. E. J. Brill.
1609:Felix Guirand, ed. (1981).
1150:). Carr compares pairs of
977:The early sixth century CE
930:The early third century CE
841:"The Art of Rulership" (9,
325:and his alleged descendant
2434:
1681:Eberhard, Wolfram (1968).
1652:Le Blanc, Charles (1985).
816:Gao Yu's (2nd century CE)
495:"Jest Much" and the giant
338:
236:and rain deity in ancient
2381:Mulian Rescues His Mother
2353:Legend of the White Snake
1690:Groot, J.J.M. de (1910).
1070:Ancient tomb painting of
829:as a "winged dragon" and
381:assigned Yu's father Gun
191:
164:
157:
137:
91:
30:
26:
2253:The Peach Blossom Spring
1348:, pp. 185–186, cf.
1173:". The (4th century CE)
1171:splits into two branches
1103:("rainbow dragon"), and
838:as a "hornless dragon".
601:Spring and Autumn period
368:, to control the mythic
57:Traditional Chinese
2374:The Magic Lotus Lantern
2267:Investiture of the Gods
1722:Major, John S. (1993).
274:". Although the former
71:Simplified Chinese
2189:Peaches of Immortality
2014:Chinese guardian lions
1937:Mythological creatures
1663:"Chinese Dragon Names"
1661:Carr, Michael (1990).
1248:
1078:
899:
814:
733:
721:), and afterwards the
625:The (2nd century BCE)
592:
572:
533:
449:
40:illustration from the
2274:The Sorcerer's Revolt
1862:Chinese folk religion
1091:("heavenly dragon"),
1069:
1062:Comparative mythology
1052:Book of the Later Han
924:Book of the Later Han
890:
809:
763:being transported by
665:
657:"Forms of Earth" (4,
610:Warring States period
1822:Godly world concepts
876:attribution of this
807:"speeding snakes".
2288:Journey to the West
1767:More about Yinglong
1230:Formosan aborigines
1097:("flying dragon"),
936:dictionary defines
820:commentary glosses
635:in three chapters.
308:frequently mention
210:traditional Chinese
2309:Heavenly Questions
2123:Gate of the Ghosts
1878:Gods and immortals
1842:Gods and immortals
1592:, pp. 247–248
1568:, pp. 350–351
1520:, pp. 122–124
1448:, pp. 161–162
1376:, pp. 284–285
1364:, pp. 186–187
1300:, pp. 38, 126
1109:("flood dragon").
1079:
711:gave birth to the
414:Heavenly Questions
250:legendary creature
202:simplified Chinese
2390:
2389:
2260:The Four Journeys
1803:Chinese mythology
605:Classic of Poetry
596:Bernhard Karlgren
515:sympathetic magic
321:, especially the
252:'s name combines
238:Chinese mythology
230:
195:
194:
187:
186:
121:
120:
102:Standard Mandarin
87:Responsive dragon
2425:
2413:Four Holy Beasts
2345:Other folk tales
2075:Nine-headed Bird
2070:Peng (mythology)
1976:Four Holy Beasts
1871:Major personages
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847:) parallels the
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504:"Boast Father".
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432:"Torch Dragon".
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306:Chinese classics
300:Classical usages
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2138:Kunlun Mountain
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2085:Nine-tailed fox
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1888:Eight Immortals
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1810:Overview topics
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1156:Chinese bronzes
1154:with motifs on
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639:also occurs in
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472:
402:parthenogenesis
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84:Literal meaning
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2064:Four Evildoers
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1761:External links
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1685:. E. J. Brill.
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1186:, namely, the
1114:
1113:Flying dragons
1111:
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954:); if a horn,
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798:-dragons" and
629:uses Yinglong
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455:commentary of
406:Nine Provinces
389:Yellow Emperor
339:Main article:
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1726:. SUNY Press.
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1590:Eberhard 1968
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1580:, p. 106
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1566:Eberhard 1968
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1446:Le Blanc 1985
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1434:Eberhard 1968
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1412:, p. 107
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1398:Le Blanc 1985
1394:
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1388:, p. 258
1387:
1386:Karlgren 1946
1382:
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1374:Karlgren 1946
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2148:Moving Sands
2090:
2010:(Fox spirit)
1990:
1954:Azure Dragon
1944:Four Symbols
1755:. J. Müller.
1751:
1741:
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1723:
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1676:(2): 87–189.
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1501:
1496:, p. 72
1489:
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1424:, p. 65
1417:
1405:
1393:
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1362:Birrell 2000
1357:
1346:Birrell 2000
1341:
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1322:Birrell 2000
1317:
1305:
1293:
1280:
1266:
1263:oracle bones
1256:Chen Mengjia
1249:
1223:
1211:'s minister
1205:
1202:Rain dragons
1192:Azure Dragon
1184:Four Symbols
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370:Great Deluge
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175:Romanization
109:Hanyu Pinyin
51:Chinese name
41:
37:
2246:Shenyi Jing
2060:Four Perils
1959:White Tiger
1908:Yan Emperor
1744:. Hwa Kang.
1554:Porter 1996
1542:Porter 1996
1518:Visser 1913
1506:Visser 1913
1494:Visser 1913
1482:Visser 1913
1422:Visser 1913
1334:Visser 1913
1310:Hawkes 1985
1298:Hawkes 1985
1226:flood tales
927:histories.
918:Book of Han
902:Other texts
556:) mentions
374:Emperor Yao
366:Xia dynasty
2397:Categories
2163:Weak River
2055:Fox spirit
1717:: 199–365.
1602:BEST GUESS
1286:References
1252:Ba culture
519:rainmaking
351:"Songs of
2321:Huainanzi
2218:Shi Yi Ji
2158:Red River
2008:Huli jing
1986:Fenghuang
1827:Astrology
1636:748984583
1628:558929021
1620:470906897
1578:Carr 1990
1530:Carr 1990
1470:Ames 1981
1458:Ames 1981
1410:Carr 1990
1132:Huainanzi
1128:ying-lung
851:with the
818:Huainanzi
709:ying-lung
699:ying-lung
679:luan-niao
652:Huannanzi
627:Huainanzi
620:Huainanzi
442:section.
276:character
1991:Yinglong
1898:Shennong
1240:—
1213:Xiangliu
1209:Gonggong
1194:and the
1167:Scorpius
1163:Yinglong
1152:Yinglong
1136:yinglong
1088:tianlong
1083:yinglong
1039:yinglong
997:shui hui
988:yinglong
946:yinglong
942:jiaolong
938:yinglong
907:Yinglong
886:Shen Dao
878:yinglong
873:Hanfeizi
849:yinglong
822:yinglong
765:yinglong
558:Yinglong
310:yinglong
289:yinglong
223:yìnglóng
198:Yinglong
152:Hiragana
115:Yìnglóng
38:Yinglong
22:Yinglong
2225:Bowuzhi
2153:Penglai
2143:Longmen
2091:more...
2045:Wuzhiqi
2021:(Bixie)
1918:Chang'e
1893:Youchao
1832:Dragons
1735:. SUNY.
1175:Shiyiji
1147:Bowuzhi
1094:feilong
1050:In the
1029:jiulong
979:Shuyiji
956:qiulung
933:Guangya
882:tengshe
854:tengshe
794:"white
781:"green
774:qingqiu
723:k'i-lin
713:kien-ma
707:), the
689:mao-tuh
642:ganying
613:Tianwen
457:Wang Yi
434:Tianwen
425:Zhulong
327:King Yu
2313:Chu Ci
2194:Xirang
2128:Fusang
2108:Buzhou
2101:Places
2080:Tianma
2040:Xiezhi
2035:Hundun
2030:Horses
1923:Hou Yi
1913:Chiyou
1857:Ghosts
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1626:
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966:qilong
921:, and
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787:baichi
669:yu-kia
540:tulong
536:Guo Pu
497:Kua Fu
488:Chiyou
439:Li Sao
348:Chu Ci
341:Chu Ci
234:dragon
220::
218:pinyin
212::
204::
2177:Items
2168:Youdu
2050:Yeren
2019:Pixiu
1981:Qilin
1928:Kuafu
1852:Pangu
1666:(PDF)
1276:loach
1267:niqiu
1141:Shiji
1023:), a
1009:), a
897:ride.
894:t'eng
864:t'eng
740:maodu
453:Chuci
334:Chuci
248:This
158:おうりゅう
132:Kanji
2113:Diyu
2025:Nian
2003:Bixi
1847:Tian
1632:OCLC
1624:OCLC
1616:OCLC
1237:eel.
1106:jiao
1100:hong
1081:The
1076:Nüwa
1074:and
1072:Fuxi
1056:Nüba
1047:)".
1025:long
1015:long
1011:jiao
1001:jiao
974:)".
880:and
868:ying
772:and
761:Nüwa
759:and
757:Fuxi
637:Ying
587:係昆之山
567:成都載天
553:大荒北經
528:凶犁土丘
517:for
510:大荒東經
411:The
304:The
280:yīng
263:lóng
254:yìng
244:Name
229:lit.
181:Ōryū
1278:".
1234:Kun
1228:of
1190:or
1179:拾遺記
983:述異記
844:主術訓
831:qiu
796:chi
783:qiu
752:覽冥訓
746:".
660:墬形訓
521:.
482:山海經
353:Chu
2399::
2184:Gu
1715:18
1713:.
1674:13
1672:.
1668:.
1630:,
1622:,
1271:泥鰍
1217:相柳
1044:應龍
1034:蛟龍
993:水虺
971:螭龍
961:虯龍
951:應龍
915:,
888:.
859:騰蛇
826:應龍
804:奔蛇
791:白螭
778:青虯
769:應龍
728:麒麟
718:建馬
704:應龍
694:毛犢
684:鸞鳥
674:羽嘉
647:感應
632:應龍
615:.
544:土龍
501:夸父
492:蚩尤
461:王逸
429:燭龍
420:天問
408:.
357:Yu
314:應龍
293:應龍
240:.
226:;
216:;
214:應龍
208:;
206:应龙
144:應龍
142:應竜
140:応龍
138:応竜
77:应龙
63:應龍
2315:)
2311:(
2066:)
2062:(
1795:e
1788:t
1781:v
1638:.
1604:.
1556:.
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1041:(
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577:魃
397:舜
384:鯀
378:堯
361:禹
284:應
270:"
267:龍
258:應
200:(
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