818:, merchandising is the practice of making products in retail outlets available to consumers, primarily by stocking shelves and displays. While this used to be done exclusively by the stores' employees, many retailers have found substantial savings in requiring it to be done by the manufacturer, vendor, or wholesaler that provides the products to the retail store. In the United Kingdom, there are a number of organizations that supply merchandising services to support retail outlets with general stock replenishment and merchandising support in new stores. By doing this, retail stores have been able to substantially reduce the number of employees needed to run the store.
728:. The concept theorizes that even without the acknowledgement of the brand being promoted on the merchandise, the individual utilizing it is affected in their future actions as a consumer. Furthermore, a 2019 study found that the tactile usage of the products produced a greater response in consumers than a solely visual interaction with a product such as posters. This study concluded that considering allotting a greater sum of money to smaller pieces of merchandising that promote a brand would benefit newer companies that have yet to become quickly recognizable.
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manufacturer's/wholesaler's employee who is a full-time merchandiser. Product categories where this is common are
Beverage (all types, alcoholic and non-alcoholic), packaged baked goods (bread and pastries), magazines and books, and health and beauty products. For major food manufacturers in the beverage and baked goods industries, their merchandisers are often the single largest employee group within the company. For nationwide branded goods manufacturers such as
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851:. The combination of both options for consumers provides a favorable encounter with retailers that makes them more likely to purchase products and return to the seller again at a future date. However, these strategies can be difficult for sellers to maintain as it can require many more physical and technical resources that may not be currently available to them.
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609:) often being marketed as "dads and grads" in June (though most college semesters end in May; the grads portion usually refers to high school graduation, which occurs one to two weeks after Father's Day in many U.S. states). Summer merchandise is next, including patriotic-themed products with the American flag, placed on the market by
653:(and often even more of the Christmas) merchandise is appearing. As the Halloween decorations and costumes dwindle in October, Christmas is already being pushed on consumers, and by the day after Halloween retailers are going full-force with advertising, even though the "official" season does not start until
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states, "Beatrix Potter was the first to recognise that content—as we now call the stuff that makes up a book or a film—was only the beginning. In 1903, Peter hopped outside his pages to become a patented soft toy, which gave him the distinction of being not only Mr. McGregor‘s mortal enemy, but also
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The trend of stocking stores with merchandise many weeks prior to the actual event targeted and the period of consumption can be described by the term advance selling. Although it may seem disadvantageous for sellers, advance selling can have the opposite effect. For example, this practice works to
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Merchandising helps to understand the ordinary dating notation for the terms of payment of an invoice. Codified discounting solves pricing problems including markups and markdowns. It helps to find the net price of an item after single or multiple trade discounts and can calculate a single discount
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While stocking shelves and building displays is often done when the product is delivered, it is increasingly a separate activity from delivering the product. In grocery stores, for example, almost all products delivered directly to the store from a manufacturer or wholesaler will be stocked by the
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in which potential sizing issues can be a large factor in a customer refraining from purchasing an item online. Moreover, accurately portraying the texture and quality of a product in all areas of retail, not limited to fashion, remains a challenge in the field of online merchandising as the lack
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As promotional merchandise acquires a larger portion of companies' annual budgets, its appearance in the hands of unintended recipients increases. However, this has been found to generate a positive outcome for companies without any additional effort after producing the merchandise because of the
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thereof has been proven to result in more indecision for consumers. Because of this, many companies look for ways to improve their online shopping options to make browsing merchandise as similar to an in-store experience as possible while keeping up with the growing online market.
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Merchandising, especially in connection with child-oriented films, TV shows and literature, often consists of toys made in the likeness of the show or book's characters (action figures) or items which they use. This was first seen with the Peter Rabbit soft toy in 1903, with the
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Sometimes merchandising from a television show can grow far beyond the original show, even lasting decades after the show has largely disappeared from popularity. In other cases, large amounts of merchandise can be generated from a pitifully small amount of source material
393:, physical presentation of products and displays, and the decisions about which products should be presented to which customers at what time. Often in a retail setting, creatively tying in related products or accessories is a great way to entice consumers to purchase more.
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brand names, logos, or character images are licensed to manufacturers of products such as toys or clothing, which then make items in or emblazoned with the image of the license, hoping they'll sell better than the same item with no such image. For the owners of the IP
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which bring products from the possession of the producer into the possession of the consumer. In recent decades, these methods utilized by companies to provide merchandise have expanded from in-person only, to online-only for some stores during the
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A challenge that online retailers face in comparison to the traditional in-store shopping experience is the sensory exploration that isn't available to consumers through a screen. An area this is especially prevalent in is clothing or fashion
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The annual cycle of merchandising differs between countries and even within them, particularly relating to cultural customs like holidays, and seasonal issues like climate and local sporting and recreation. Events such as
886:) in question, merchandising is a very popular source of revenue, due to the low cost of letting a third party manufacture the merchandise, while the IP owners collect the merchandising (royalty) fees.
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A smaller niche in merchandising is the marketing of more adult-oriented products in connection with similarly adult-oriented films and TV shows. This is common especially with the
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is the major holiday, while springtime clothing and garden-related merchandise is already arriving at stores, often as early as mid-winter (toward the beginning of this section,
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of non-media products can achieve enough recognition and respect that simply putting its name or images on a completely unrelated item can sell that item. An example is
366:. At a retail in-store level, merchandising refers to displaying products that are for sale in a creative way that entices customers to purchase more items or products.
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1043:("idols"). Consumption of idol goods is a significant part of the idol fandom. Such goods create and reinforce a more physical connection between fans and celebrities.
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celebration is held around this time.) The back-to-school market is promoted heavily in August, when there are no holidays to promote. By
September, particularly after
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McVeigh, Brian J. (2006). "Reviewed Work: Islands of Eight
Million Smiles: Idol Performance and Symbolic Production in Contemporary Japan by Hiroshi Aoyagi".
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McVeigh, Brian J. (2006). "Reviewed work: Islands of Eight
Million Smiles: Idol Performance and Symbolic Production in Contemporary Japan, Hiroshi Aoyagi".
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can be considered an idol good themselves as they can be bought and sold. An idol can have a tremendous effect on sales of merchandise, an example being
998:). An early example of this phenomenon was the cartoon character Little Lulu, who became licensed to products for adults, such as Kleenex facial tissue.
1358:"Seeing It Is Like Touching It: Unraveling the Effective Product Presentations on Online Apparel Purchase Decisions and Brain Activity (An fMRI Study)"
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rate that is equivalent to a series of multiple discounts. Further, it helps to calculate the amount of cash discount for which a payment qualifies.
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upon his arrival at Real Madrid in 2003, with an Adidas spokesman stating, "Put
Beckham's name on any product and Real Madrid didn't stop selling".
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were pioneers in conventional retailing in music, setting up their own retail store in London, Apple
Boutique, that sold Beatles merchandise.
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877:, one of the definitions of merchandising is the practice in which the brand or image from one product or service is used to sell another.
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is a classical merchandising article employed by a broad range of entities from very small businesses up to multinational companies like
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counteract a lack of abundant capacity in stores during prime seasons and a lack of value in premature products.
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As just one example, in the United States the basic retail cycle begins in early
January with merchandise for
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Jai, Tun-Min (Catherine); Fang, Dan; Bao, Forrest S.; James, Russell N.; Chen, Tianwen; Cai, Weidong (2021).
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magazine stating
Beatrix Potter "created a system that continues to benefit all licensed characters, from
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Schrotenboer, Dana; Constantinides, Efthymios; Herrando, Carolina; de Vries, Sjoerd (2022-03-24).
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might instead carry beach clothing and barbecue grills all year. Coastal-area stores might carry
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merchandise, including green items and products pertaining to Irish culture, is also promoted).
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Islands of eight million smiles: idol performance and symbolic production in contemporary Japan
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Patrick W. Galbraith (31 August 2012). Patrick W. Galbraith; Jason G. Karlin (eds.).
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are incorporated in an annual cycle of shop decorations and merchandise promotion.
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Solem, Birgit
Andrine Apenes; Fredriksen, Jan Ivar; Sørebø, Øystein (2023-01-02).
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in London, making Peter the oldest licensed fictional character. Erica Wagner of
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Merchandising for children is most prominently seen in connection with
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begin even before
Christmas at many retailers, though others begin on
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The most common adult-oriented merchandising is that related to
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37:"Merchandise" redirects here. For the more general concept, see
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Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
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International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management
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1089: – Form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy
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commerce, visual display merchandising means merchandise
1650:"Beckham-mania in China on Real Madrid's 2003 Asia tour"
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Kamleitner, Bernadette; Marckhgott, Eva (2021-10-03).
1464:"How Beatrix Potter Invented Character Merchandising"
44:"Merch" redirects here. For the US Army officer, see
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1062:), key chains, lapel pins, and various other goods.
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of school supplies is marked-down some as well, and
581:sales are held shortly thereafter. Following this,
245:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1128: – Theft of goods from a retail establishment
1058:, calendars, telephone cards, T-shirts (see also
847:, to a mixture of both, sometimes referred to as
358:is any practice which contributes to the sale of
1095: – Products distributed to promote a brand
1680:"The Rolling Stones Roll Into Rock And Retail"
1408:ABC News: Coffins bearing baseball team logos.
1555:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture
1528:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture
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1431:"Peter Rabbit blazed a trail still well trod"
490:The examples and perspective in this article
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564:theme to mark the release of the 2014 film
445:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
85:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1740:Procter&Gamble merchandising standards
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1132:List of highest-grossing media franchises
790:Learn how and when to remove this message
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465:Learn how and when to remove this message
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
305:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
1494:""Marge and Lulu: The Art of the Deal,"
917:becoming the first licensed character".
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1152:"Advance Selling in Marketing Channels"
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30:For the play by David Henry Hwang, see
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1046:Examples of common idol goods include
672:but sometimes as far out as February.
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1214:International Journal of Advertising
768:adding citations to reliable sources
715:gear if there are ski areas nearby.
443:adding citations to reliable sources
243:adding citations to reliable sources
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1558:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 197.
1531:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 216.
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1718:. Harvard University Asia Center.
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889:In 1903, a year after publishing
679:Merchandising also varies within
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1116: – Small mechanical device
668:and continue on at least until
230:needs additional citations for
74:or discuss these issues on the
1150:Li, Krista J.; Li, Xi (2022).
838:This concept can be linked to
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401:Promotional merchandising
892:The Tale of Peter Rabbit
556:Christmas shopwindow at
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824:The Coca-Cola Company
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1108:Visual merchandising
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855:Online merchandising
764:improve this section
603:consumer electronics
510:create a new article
502:improve this article
492:may not represent a
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32:Merchandising (play)
973:professional sports
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1496:Hogan's Alley
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1073:In the 1960s
1071:
1069:
1068:David Beckham
1065:
1064:Virtual idols
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:compact discs
1049:
1044:
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1034:
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908:Patent Office
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749:This section
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694:
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681:retail chains
677:
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656:
655:the day after
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424:This section
422:
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398:
394:
392:
388:
384:
381:, selection,
380:
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367:
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361:
357:
356:Merchandising
350:
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309:
306:
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287:
284:
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256: –
255:
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250:Find sources:
244:
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228:This article
226:
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166:This article
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40:
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19:
1714:
1694:28 September
1692:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1653:
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1607:
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1584:
1580:
1574:
1554:
1547:
1527:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:the original
1495:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1467:
1443:. Retrieved
1434:
1403:
1392:. Retrieved
1365:
1361:
1351:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1269:(1): 21–38.
1266:
1262:
1252:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1159:
1155:
1145:
1072:
1056:photo albums
1045:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1001:Sometimes a
1000:
990:
977:
970:
957:
953:Harry Potter
949:Mickey Mouse
942:
939:
924:
911:
901:Peter Rabbit
890:
888:
872:
858:
837:
820:
816:supply chain
813:
786:
777:
762:Please help
750:
722:
713:snowboarding
701:water skiing
689:snow blowers
687:might carry
678:
674:
660:. Christmas
658:Thanksgiving
633:. (Often, a
611:Memorial Day
595:Father's Day
591:Mother's Day
572:
565:
539:
524:
515:
491:
461:
452:
437:Please help
425:
395:
368:
362:to a retail
355:
354:
319:
301:
292:
282:
275:
268:
261:
249:
237:Please help
232:verification
229:
199:
190:
167:
137:
131:October 2018
128:
121:Please help
117:
106:
82:
75:
69:
68:Please help
65:
1468:Smithsonian
1126:Shoplifting
1075:The Beatles
1041:celebrities
944:Smithsonian
879:Trademarked
709:snow skiing
391:discounting
125:if you can.
18:Merchandise
1749:Categories
1508:2013-03-22
1498:#15, 2009"
1394:2023-04-01
1301:2023-04-01
1194:2023-04-01
1138:References
1048:stationery
1033:Idol goods
1013:Idol goods
996:model kits
935:television
931:videogames
810:in Chicago
780:March 2021
726:persuasion
599:graduation
567:Paddington
558:Selfridges
455:March 2015
341:coffee mug
295:April 2024
265:newspapers
193:March 2021
177:improve it
71:improve it
1664:3 October
1636:145544468
1478:6 October
1445:6 October
1435:The Times
1384:224961703
1368:: 66–79.
1343:0718-1876
1291:251420060
1283:0959-0552
1244:234258933
1236:0265-0487
1184:257154273
1176:0022-2437
961:Mashimaro
913:The Times
875:marketing
869:Licensing
808:Walgreens
751:does not
651:Halloween
647:overstock
639:Labor Day
506:talk page
426:does not
383:packaging
181:verifying
77:talk page
1688:Archived
1658:Archived
1628:25064662
1593:25064662
1472:Archived
1439:Archived
1411:Archived
1388:Archived
1295:Archived
1188:Archived
1081:See also
1028:, London
921:Children
904:soft toy
643:closeout
629:stores,
619:Flag Day
500:You may
364:consumer
360:products
107:require
1050:items,
828:PepsiCo
814:In the
772:removed
757:sources
693:Florida
685:Buffalo
447:removed
432:sources
387:pricing
279:scholar
175:Please
109:cleanup
1722:
1684:Forbes
1634:
1626:
1591:
1562:
1535:
1382:
1341:
1289:
1281:
1242:
1234:
1182:
1174:
1120:Tie-in
1114:Gadget
992:Gundam
987:genres
984:horror
862:retail
617:(with
583:Easter
377:using
371:retail
281:
274:
267:
260:
252:
1654:Marca
1632:S2CID
1624:JSTOR
1589:JSTOR
1380:S2CID
1287:S2CID
1240:S2CID
1180:S2CID
1003:brand
967:Adult
927:films
605:like
508:, or
375:sales
286:JSTOR
272:books
1720:ISBN
1696:2021
1666:2021
1560:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1480:2022
1447:2022
1339:ISSN
1279:ISSN
1232:ISSN
1172:ISSN
982:and
929:and
826:and
755:any
753:cite
711:and
695:and
645:and
593:and
545:and
430:any
428:cite
258:news
1616:doi
1370:doi
1329:doi
1271:doi
1222:doi
1164:doi
1035:or
963:).
951:to
873:In
766:by
441:by
369:In
345:IBM
241:by
179:by
1751::
1686:.
1682:.
1656:.
1652:.
1630:.
1622:.
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1610:.
1585:32
1583:.
1517:^
1470:.
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1455:^
1437:.
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1386:.
1378:.
1366:53
1364:.
1360:.
1337:.
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1319:.
1293:.
1285:.
1277:.
1267:51
1265:.
1261:.
1238:.
1230:.
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1212:.
1186:.
1178:.
1170:.
1160:60
1158:.
1154:.
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1728:.
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1668:.
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1618::
1595:.
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1541:.
1511:.
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1449:.
1397:.
1372::
1345:.
1331::
1304:.
1273::
1246:.
1224::
1197:.
1166::
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787:(
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778:(
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760:.
531:)
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200:(
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41:.
34:.
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