710:
734:
722:
203:
Si. This intermediate facilitates the formation of the Si-Cl and Si-Me bonds. It is proposed that close proximity of the Si-Cl to a copper-chloromethane "adduct" allows for formation of the Me-SiCl units. Transfer of a second chloromethane allows for the release of the
243:. However, many other products are formed. Unlike most reactions, this distribution is actually desirable because the product isolation is very efficient. Each methylchlorosilane has specific and often substantial applications. Me
226:
In addition to copper, the catalyst optimally contains promoter metals that facilitate the reaction. Among the many promoter metals, zinc, tin, antimony, magnesium, calcium, bismuth, arsenic, and cadmium have been mentioned.
251:
is the most useful. It is the precursor for the majority of silicon products produced on an industrial scale. The other products are used in the preparation of siloxane polymers as well as specialized applications.
334:°C), the distillation utilizes columns with high separating capacities, connected in series. The purity of the products crucially affects the production of siloxane polymers, otherwise chain branching arises.
215:
The chain reaction can be terminated in many ways. These termination processes give rise to the other products that are seen in the reaction. For example, combining two Si-Cl groups gives the SiCl
368:
552:
455:
255:
Dichlorodimethylsilane is the major product of the reaction, as is expected, being obtained in about 70–90% yield. The next most abundant product is
496:
442:
419:
640:
385:
93:
Few companies actually carry out the Rochow process, because of the complex technology and has high capital requirements. Since the
545:
595:
402:
Pachaly, B.; Weis, J. (1997). "The Direct
Process to Methylchlorosilanes: Reflections on Chemistry and Process Technology".
726:
62:. Although theoretically possible with any alkyl halide, the best results in terms of selectivity and yield occur with
760:
714:
695:
538:
78:
bar. These conditions allow for 90–98% conversion for silicon and 30–90% for chloromethane. Approximately 1.4 Mton of
52:
625:
520:
630:
575:
462:
605:
58:
The process involves copper-catalyzed reactions of alkyl halides with elemental silicon, which take place in a
670:
287:
173:
685:
635:
157:
79:
680:
256:
181:
59:
212:. Thus, copper is oxidized from the zero oxidation state and then reduced to regenerate the catalyst.
600:
580:
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438:
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381:
765:
738:
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48:
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The mechanism of the direct process is still not well understood, despite much research.
665:
754:
675:
196:
102:
63:
44:
17:
590:
290:. Although the boiling points of the various chloromethylsilanes are similar (Me
98:
411:
506:
377:
235:
The major product for the direct process should be dichlorodimethylsilane, Me
486:
169:
47:
compounds on an industrial scale. It was first reported independently by
366:
Rösch, L.; John, P.; Reitmeier, R. (2003). "Organic
Silicon Compounds".
437:
94:
530:
219:
group, which undergoes Cu-catalyzed reaction with MeCl to give MeSiCl
192:
491:. P. W. Atkins (5 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010.
534:
105:, the companies practicing this technology are referred to as
195:
plays an important role. The copper and silicon form
568:
263:), at 5–15% of the total. Other products include Me
433:
431:
369:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
546:
8:
43:is the most common technology for preparing
90:) is produced annually using this process.
553:
539:
531:
488:Shriver & Atkins' inorganic chemistry
361:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
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168:) is of particular value (precursor to
512:
456:"Basic Silicone Chemistry – A Review"
7:
721:
199:with the approximate composition Cu
117:The relevant reactions are (Me = CH
231:Product distribution and isolation
25:
732:
720:
709:
708:
70:Cl). Typical conditions are 300
1:
696:Volume combustion synthesis
404:Organosilicon Chemistry III
782:
626:Enantioselective synthesis
412:10.1002/9783527619900.ch79
704:
631:Fully automated synthesis
576:Artificial gene synthesis
606:Custom peptide synthesis
378:10.1002/14356007.a24_021
372:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
288:fractional distillation
174:trimethylsilyl chloride
101:prior to reaction in a
686:Solvothermal synthesis
636:Hydrothermal synthesis
519:: CS1 maint: others (
158:Dimethyldichlorosilane
113:Reaction and mechanism
80:dimethyldichlorosilane
681:Solid-phase synthesis
257:methyltrichlorosilane
188:) are also valuable.
182:methyltrichlorosilane
60:fluidized bed reactor
41:Müller-Rochow process
18:Müller-Rochow process
601:Convergent synthesis
581:Biomimetic synthesis
406:. pp. 478–483.
267:SiCl (2–4%), MeHSiCl
616:Divergent synthesis
761:Chemical synthesis
562:Chemical synthesis
275:HSiCl (0.1–0.5%).
31:, also called the
748:
747:
661:Peptide synthesis
656:Organic synthesis
651:One-pot synthesis
586:Bioretrosynthesis
498:978-0-19-923617-6
443:978-3-527-29390-2
421:978-3-527-29450-3
16:(Redirected from
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646:Mechanosynthesis
621:Electrosynthesis
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461:. Archived from
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125:x MeCl + Si → Me
107:silicon crushers
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49:Eugene G. Rochow
33:direct synthesis
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781:
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691:Total synthesis
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671:Retrosynthesis
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611:Direct process
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271:(1–4%), and Me
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197:intermetallics
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55:in the 1940s.
53:Richard Müller
37:Rochow process
29:direct process
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676:Semisynthesis
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468:on 2011-05-16
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45:organosilicon
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591:Biosynthesis
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470:. Retrieved
463:the original
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318:°C, MeHSiCl
755:Categories
472:2010-01-26
338:References
302:°C, MeSiCl
180:SiCl) and
74:°C and 2–5
515:cite book
507:430678988
330:HSiCl: 35
170:silicones
715:Category
314:SiCl: 57
137:, MeSiCl
129:SiCl, Me
766:Silicon
727:Commons
259:(MeSiCl
184:(MeSiCl
172:), but
99:crushed
95:silicon
739:Portal
505:
495:
441:
418:
384:
332:
326:°C, Me
324:
316:
310:°C, Me
308:
300:
278:The Me
193:Copper
76:
72:
39:, and
641:LASiS
569:Types
466:(PDF)
459:(PDF)
521:link
503:OCLC
493:ISBN
439:ISBN
416:ISBN
382:ISBN
322:: 41
306:: 66
298:: 70
294:SiCl
282:SiCl
247:SiCl
239:SiCl
208:SiCl
164:SiCl
141:, Me
133:SiCl
86:SiCl
51:and
27:The
408:doi
374:doi
176:(Me
160:(Me
153:, …
121:):
97:is
82:(Me
66:(CH
757::
517:}}
513:{{
501:.
430:^
414:.
380:.
346:^
223:.
204:Me
149:Cl
145:Si
109:.
35:,
554:e
547:t
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523:)
509:.
475:.
445:.
424:.
410::
392:.
390:.
376::
328:2
320:2
312:3
304:3
296:2
292:2
284:2
280:2
273:2
269:2
265:3
261:3
249:2
245:2
241:2
237:2
221:3
217:2
210:2
206:2
201:3
186:3
178:3
166:2
162:2
151:2
147:2
143:4
139:3
135:2
131:2
127:3
119:3
88:2
84:2
68:3
20:)
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