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482:(DESTO). This led to the establishment of the Wah Group Scientist (WGS) at the ML that worked on metallurgical aspect of the nuclear device. Several sessions were held on the feasibility of the device between the Wah Group Scientist with the Abdus Salam and Riazuddin of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG);
507:
The Wah Group
Scientists also took initiatives in designing of high precision mechanical and chemical components – how tampers would be developed to produce efficiency and high precision data – physics calculations – what would its appropriate time reaction be when the explosives make contact with
2012:
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but left the project when he joined the
Radiation Isotope Application Division (RIAD) at the laboratory under Naeem Ahmad Khan. In December 1971, Qureshi was made director of RIAD with support provided from Dr. Naeem Ahmad.
531:
In 1980, the Wah Group
Scientist team collaborated with the Diagnostics Directorate in designing the diagnostics to viability and reliability of the first nuclear device without the use of nuclear testing. The
548:. The first subcritical experiment on the first nuclear device took place on 11 March 1983. The diagnostics and the subcritical experiments continued on 24 different improved designs, developed by TPG, under
1967:
500:
was never used, instead the scientists used scientific research rationale. There, the scientists decided to develop an 'implosion' over the 'gun' type fission device citing economy in the use of
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Hafeez
Qureshi, alongside Samar Mubarakmand, oversaw the diagnostics and subcritical testing program of nuclear weapons as its test director until the full-scale nuclear testing (
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the material– high explosives– what kind of chemistry be would be used, and triggering mechanisms – how the weapon would be detonated. Since the testing facilities in
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By 1979, the Wah Group
Scientists under Hafeez and Sheikh had developed the wide range of explosive lenses, design components finished on the
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On 11 August 2007, Qureshi died from natural causes, aged 76. After his retirement, he served on the mechanical engineering faculty at the
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In 1963, Qureshi served as design engineer at the Atomic Energy Center in Lahore where he oversaw the installation of the first
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After returning to
Pakistan in 1960, Qureshi joined Karachi Mechanical Laboratories (KML) and found employment with the
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904:"When Mountains Move – The Story of Chagai: §The Wah Group: Designers and Manufacturers of Pakistan's Nuclear Device"
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Nilore lacked, the ML performed several explosives experiments and chemistry measurements in cooperation with the
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363:(MS), also in mechanical engineering His mechanical engineering thesis contained work on applications of the
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to participate in the development of nuclear weapons when he was asked to design, engineer, and machine the
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In 2023, the
Government of Pakistan accepted the recommendation to honor his services with the
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The writer is former
Director General (Nuclear Power) of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
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Dr. Muhammad Jameel— who was also present when
Pakistan tested its nuclear devices in
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406:(PINSTECH) where he was part of the team that designed his nation's first nation's
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In his dormitory at the university, his schoolmate and friend was a future notable
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821:(15 August 2007). "Obituary: Hafeez Qureshi , a great scientist passes away".
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and collaborated with Dr. Zaman Sheikh, a physical chemist and authority on
368:
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in 1965. In 1967, Qureshi moved to the
Nuclear Physics Group working under
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of the Diagnostics Directorate and Hafeez Qureshi of Wah Group Scientist.
654:"President Zardari confers civil awards on Pakistanis, foreign nationals"
556:
545:
523:, the polymer-based high explosive materials, and triggering mechanisms.
298:
100:
79:
2013:
Academic staff of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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608:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Printwise publication. pp. 2–15 and 41–105.
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Rahman, Shahid (1998). "§The Group at Wah". In Rahman, Shahid (ed.).
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At MSU, Qureshi enrolled in the engineering department and gained a
317:. Upon matriculating from a local high school, Qureshi enrolled at
974:
Pakistan's Pathway to the Bomb: Ambitions, Politics, and Rivalries
516:(POF), which was the source of providing the explosives, in 1976.
314:
294:
278:
51:
977:. Washington DC, U.S.: Georgetown University Press. p. 291.
792:. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. pp. 179–190 of 521.
575:, and was honored with his nation's highest honors including the
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experiments on the physical package was organized in the secret
233:, known for his role as a diagnostics engineer for his nation's
204:
1451:
1183:
207:: محمد حفيظ قريشى; October 31 October 1930 – August 11, 2007),
1179:
470:. He soon joined the Metallurgical Laboratory (ML) located in
647:
645:
778:
776:
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Jameel, Dr. Muhammad; Akhtar M. Faruqui (24 August 2007).
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of Nuclear Physics Division. During the meeting, the word
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in 1956— he partly supported his studies by working as a
252:
where he gained expertise on engineering applications of
1968:
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
813:
811:
809:
757:
755:
573:
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
242:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology
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Reassessing Pakistan : role of two nation theory
382:(PAEC) in 1963, where he joined the staff led by Dr.
1268:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
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reactor at Pinstech Laboratory in Nilore which went
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Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
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Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
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825:. Islamabad: The Nation, Mahmood, 2007. The Nation.
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344:and earned a scholarship to resume his studies at
422:that was investigating on the feasibility of the
862:"Hafeez Qureshi: A great scientist passes away"
728:
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371:in mechanical engineering at MSU, but left his
1283:Department of Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University
935:Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb
860:Mahmood, Sultan Bashiruddin (15 August 2007).
359:(BS) in mechanical engineering, followed by a
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786:Eating grass the making of the Pakistani bomb
480:Defence Science & Technology Organization
8:
1278:Defence Science and Technology Organization
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938:. Stanford University Press. p. 500.
20:
16:Pakistani mechanical engineer (1930–2007)
1983:Nuclear weapons scientists and engineers
125:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
641:
1542:Cabinet Committee on National Security
1536:National Assembly Committee on Defence
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902:Azam, Rai Muhammad Saleh (June 2000).
886:
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652:APP, Associate Press (24 March 2024).
868:from the original on 11 November 2014
681:Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan
244:as overseeing the diagnostics on the
7:
367:. In 1960, he was admitted into the
269:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi was born in
240:His career was spent working at the
50:(Present day, Kapurthala, Punjab in
527:Subcritical testing and diagnostics
490:of the Mathematical Physics Group;
660:. Dawn Newspapers. Dawn Newspapers
14:
1963:21st-century Pakistani scientists
1958:20th-century Pakistani scientists
1293:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
390:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
380:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
309:India in 1947; only to settle in
173:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
1988:Weapons scientists and engineers
1953:21st-century Pakistani engineers
1948:20th-century Pakistani engineers
1943:Michigan State University alumni
1871:
1870:
1478:
864:. The Nation, 2007. The Nation.
594:, which he was awarded in 2024.
466:necessary for detonation of the
446:In 1974, Qureshi was invited by
442:1971 war and atomic bomb project
932:Khan, Feroz (7 November 2012).
429:This study group also included
426:for the industrial enrichment.
289:on 31 October 1930. His family
1973:Pakistani mechanical engineers
1718:Strategic Plans Division Force
1:
2003:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
1993:Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
1288:Pakistan Institute of Physics
971:Ahmed, Mansoor (1 May 2022).
1998:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
1978:Pakistani nuclear physicists
1933:University of Karachi alumni
1923:Indian emigrants to Pakistan
1493:Military history of Pakistan
735:"An Unsung Hero Passes away"
630:List of mechanical engineers
398:. In 1965, Qureshi moved to
1532:Senate Committee on Defence
1380:Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui
1298:National Centre for Physics
783:Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012).
514:Pakistan Ordnance Factories
273:, which is now part of the
2029:
1792:Pakistani Defence Industry
1678:National Command Authority
1520:Prime Minister of Pakistan
1273:Khan Research Laboratories
1175:An Unsung Hero Passes away
521:computer numerical control
1868:
1797:Defence Housing Authority
1547:National Security Council
1490:
1439:Nuclear power in Pakistan
1433:
583:in 2002 conferred by the
544:, under the test series:
346:Michigan State University
194:
151:
115:Michigan State University
767:. Vallancey Press. 1969.
695:Verma, Anand K. (2001).
265:Early life and education
190:Dr. Michael David Burton
181:Metallurgical Laboratory
1928:Scientists from Karachi
1415:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
559:) was conducted at the
246:subcritical experiments
201:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
25:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
1918:People from Kapurthala
1734:Awards and decorations
365:mechanics of materials
163:Mechanical engineering
1585:Joint Chiefs of Staff
1510:President of Pakistan
1484:Pakistan Armed Forces
1390:Iqbal Hussain Qureshi
701:. New Delhi: Lancer.
585:President of Pakistan
375:for unknown reasons.
1938:Pakistani physicists
1608:Chief of Naval Staff
1425:Ghulam Dastagir Alam
1324:Zahid Ali Akbar Khan
540:, controlled by the
1860:Bangladesh genocide
1828:Shaheen (Air Force)
1598:Chief of Army Staff
1506:Commander-in-Chief
1395:Muneer Ahmad Rashid
1319:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
1314:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
1170:When Mountain Moves
606:Long Road to Chagai
357:Bachelor of Science
338:Bachelor of Science
301:sometime after the
231:mechanical engineer
1785:Business interests
1748:Ranks and insignia
1708:Civil Armed Forces
1603:Chief of Air Staff
1575:Defence Production
1420:Władysław Turowicz
1410:Noor Muhammad Butt
764:Who's who in Atoms
542:Pakistan Air Force
488:Munir Ahmad Rashid
319:Karachi University
235:nuclear capability
225:, was a Pakistani
111:Karachi University
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1617:
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1385:Samar Mubarakmand
1360:Abdul Qadeer Khan
1334:Ghulam Ishaq Khan
1235:Kala Chitta Range
984:978-1-64712-232-4
945:978-0-8047-8480-1
615:978-969-8500-00-9
550:Samar Mubarakmand
538:Kirana Hills Site
456:design components
435:Samar Mubarakmand
396:neutron generator
361:Master of Science
330:optical physicist
227:nuclear scientist
198:
197:
187:Academic advisors
153:Scientific career
2020:
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1668:Public Relations
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1516:Chief Executive
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684:. 26 March 1972.
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567:Death and honors
502:fissile material
464:explosive lenses
448:Munir Ahmad Khan
420:Naeem Ahmad Khan
384:Naeem Ahmad Khan
373:doctoral studies
369:doctoral program
336:. He attained a
283:Punjabi-speaking
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250:nuclear weapons
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107:Alma mater
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468:nuclear weapon
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910:. The Nation
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579:in 1992 and
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484:Asghar Qadir
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169:Institutions
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66:(2007-08-11)
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2008:Project-706
1913:2007 deaths
1908:1938 births
1806:Foundations
1400:Masud Ahmad
1365:Abdus Salam
1211:Project-706
1149:Rahman 1998
1137:Rahman 1998
1125:Rahman 1998
1113:Rahman 1998
1101:Rahman 1998
1089:Rahman 1998
1077:Rahman 1998
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1029:Rahman 1998
1017:Rahman 1998
1005:Rahman 1998
887:Rahman 1998
872:10 November
848:Rahman 1998
836:Rahman 1998
534:subcritical
452:Abdus Salam
386:in Lahore.
221:, known as
97:Citizenship
87:Nationality
1902:Categories
1876:Categories
1527:Parliament
1500:Leadership
1348:Scientists
636:References
476:explosives
271:Kapurthala
38:Kapurthala
1884:Air Force
1842:Criticism
1772:Air Force
1727:Personnel
1647:Air Force
1568:Secretary
1556:Ministers
1436:See also:
1370:Riazuddin
563:in 1998.
340:(BSc) in
303:partition
291:emigrated
260:Biography
91:Pakistani
1623:Services
1593:Chairman
1259:Research
990:30 March
951:30 March
866:Archived
664:24 March
658:DAWN.COM
624:See also
557:Chagai-I
546:Kirana-I
510:PINSTECH
416:critical
402:to join
299:Pakistan
101:Pakistan
80:Pakistan
1765:Marines
1640:Marines
1563:Defence
914:14 June
744:14 June
460:tampers
342:physics
311:Karachi
285:Indian
281:, to a
248:on the
1250:Kahuta
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462:, and
412:PARR-I
400:Nilore
275:Punjab
229:and a
159:Fields
147:(2024)
142:(2000)
137:(1992)
131:Awards
76:Punjab
42:Punjab
1739:Women
1218:Sites
478:, of
315:Sindh
295:India
293:from
279:India
52:India
46:India
1888:Navy
1880:Army
1760:Navy
1755:Army
1635:Navy
1630:Army
992:2024
979:ISBN
953:2024
940:ISBN
916:2019
874:2014
794:ISBN
746:2019
703:ISBN
666:2024
610:ISBN
497:bomb
486:and
450:and
433:and
205:Urdu
61:Died
31:Born
305:of
297:to
277:in
78:in
72:Wah
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218:HI
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210:NI
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410:—
203:(
54:)
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