811:(Kapinangan's Revenge), based on the chapter on Kapinangan's adulterous relationship. Delos Santos, however, rethinks the story and views it from Kapinangan's point of view, suggesting that the act was deliberate on Kapinangan's part because she felt that Sumakwel was so engrossed with his obligations as chieftain, forgetting Kapinangan and their marriage. The play was presented in 2002 at St. Anthony's College, and as part of the trilogy "Tres Mujeres" presented at Iloilo National High School as part of the Duag Teatrokon Regional Theater Festival.
776:
earlier since Rajah
Makatunaw was recorded to have been from 1082 AD as he was a descendant of Seri Maharaja in Chinese texts, while the Maragtas book placed him at the 1200s. As an elaboration, the scholar, J. Carrol in his article: "The Word Bisaya in the Philippines and Borneo" (1960) thinks there might be indirect evidence in the possible affinity between the Visayans and Melanaos as he speculates that Makatunao is similar with the ancient leader of the Melanao called "Tugao".
763:
Rajah
Makatunaw and was together with Sang Aji (grandfather to Sultan Muhammad Shah). Madja-as could have an even earlier history since Robert Nicholl stated that a Bruneian (Vijayapuran) and Madjas (Mayd) alliance had existed against China as early as the 800s. Historian Robert Nicholl implied that the Srivijayans of Sumatra, Vijayans of Vijayapura at Brunei and the Visayans in the Philippines were all related and connected to each other since they form one contiguous area.
705:. According to Beyer, the original text of the Maragtas was written in old syllabary, although the document was preserved in Romanized Bisayan in early Spanish days. Beyer claimed that the Maragtas written in original syllabary "was brought to Spain in the early 19th century by a Spanish colonel, but it can no longer be traced". On the other hand, the American Anthropologist seemed also sure in his description of the text, and he described it as follows:
42:
647:; the third chapter tells of the romance of Sumakwel, Kapinangan and her lover Gurung-garung; the fourth chapter concludes the tale of the ten datus, telling about their political arrangements and their circumnavigation of the island; the fifth chapter describes language, commerce, clothing, customs, marriages, funerals, mourning habits,
722:... since these natives are not acquainted with the art of writing, they preserve their ancient lore through songs, which they sing in a very pleasing manner -commonly while plying their oars, as they are island-dwellers. Also, during their revelries, the singers who have good voices recite the exploits of olden times.
799:
one of which could be viewed at the lobby of the
Antique Provincial Capitol, and the other in the collection of an insurance company. Demetillo's play was later adapted by playwright Orlando Nadres as "Kapinangan," a drama musical presented at the Manila Metropolitan Theater in 1981. It was directed
766:
The notion that the
Maragtas is an original work of fiction by Monteclaro is disputed by a 2019 Thesis, named "Mga Maragtas ng Panay: Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition" by Talaguit Christian Jeo N. of De La Salle University who stated that, "Contrary to popular
709:
Another feature of the Panay manuscript, now called "Maragtas", is the ancient writing in which it was originally inscribed. The
Bornean Visayans, used a form of syllabic writing, which they introduced wherever they spread. In this syllabary, the vowels were written only when they stood alone or at
775:
Igorots: a geographic and ethnographic study of certain districts of northern Luzon by Fr. Angel Perez) Additionally, the characters and places mentioned in the
Maragtas book, like Rajah Makatunaw and Madj-as can be found in Ming Dynasty Annals and Arabic Manuscripts. However, the written dates go
762:
This oral legend of ancient
Hiligaynons rebelling against Rajah Makatunao as written in the Maragtas have corroboration in Chinese records during the Song Dyanasty when Chinese scholars recorded that the ruler during a February 1082 AD diplomatic meeting, was Seri Maharaja, and his descendant was
619:
is an original work which purports to be based on written and oral sources of which no copy has survived. The author makes no claim that the work contains a transcription of particular pre-Hispanic documents. The work consists of a publisher's introduction by
Salvador Laguda, a foreword by the
758:
The text contains native language names of old settlements in Panay which were later hispanized and lists of stream and river deltas where the Malay settlers established coastal villages and cultivated with seeds of plants brought with them from the southern islands.
679:" The myth that the Maragtas was not an original work but rather a transcription of earlier works was later given wider circulation by various academics, as detailed by Scott. Scott concludes that the Maragtas was an original work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro.
745:
There is no reason to doubt that this legend preserves the memory of an actual event, but it is not possible to date the event itself or to decide which of its details are historic facts and which are the embellishment of generation of oral
833:
choreography and
Libretto by Eddie Elejar, and music by Lucrecia Kasilag at the Cultural Center of the Philippines. US-based dancer/choreographer Dulce Capadocia also used the Kapinangan strand of the Maragtas in her multi-media dance epic
767:
belief, the
Monteclaro Maragtas is not a primary source of the legend but is rather more accurately a secondary source at best" as the story of the Maragtas also appeared in the Augustinian Friar, Rev. Fr. Tomas Santaren’s
569:
651:, timekeeping techniques, calendars, and personal characteristics; the sixth and final chapter gives a list of Spanish officials between 1637 and 1808; the epilog contains a few eighteenth-century dates.
689:, on his part wrote a quite different account about the findings of H. Otley Beyer. Jocano maintains that the manuscript that Beyer was referring to as "A remarkable document" was in fact the
1246:
This version of Maragtas is semi-factual as the real Pedro Monteclaro was born in 1850 and resided at Miagao and not Janiuay. Monteclaro's work could not have been in 1854 nor in Janiuay.
862:
803:
Almost all the major writers in Panay, including Magdalena Jalandoni, Ramon Muzones, and Conrado Norada have written adaptations of the legend in the novel form. From the Maragtas,
726:
In 1582, Loarca was not cognizant of any writing system used by the natives of Panay. Yet, at the later part of the Spanish colonization, it was discovered that various forms of
562:
1295:
Tomas Santaren, Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements in the Philippines, trans by Enriqueta Fox, (Chicago: University of Chicago, Philippine Studies Program, 1954), ii.
893:
Maragtás kon (historia) sg pulô nga Panay kutub sg iya una nga pamuluyö tubtub sg pag-abut sg mga taga Borneo nga amó ang ginhalinan sg mga bisayâ kag sg pag-abut sg mga Katsilâ
1401:
Maragtas : the story of the life experienced by the datus of Borneo ... and their purchase of the island from King Marikudo, who was king of the Negritos, in the year 1520
639:
chieftain Marikudo for the plains and valleys of the island, offering gold in return. One datu, Paiburong, was given the territory of Irong-Irong, which is now the province of
710:
the beginning of words. Each consonant sign stood for the consonant followed by the sound of "a". The characters were incised on bamboo or written on bark with cuttlefish ink.
1304:
682:
Other Philippine historians, however, have other opinions. Their research led to an interesting theory that some of the data in the Maragtas is verifiable in other sources.
25:
499:
555:
677:
A remarkable document known as 'Margitas', dating probably from about 1225, was preserved in Panay and transliterated into romanized Visayan in early Spanish days.
504:
1243:
Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro, Maragtas. Janiuay: 1854 (translated in English by Esther Abiera, et al., and currently in the Library of the University of Michigan).
848:
Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro, Maragtas. Janiuay: 1854 (translated in English by Esther Abiera, et al., and currently in the Library of the University of Michigan).
1175:
1233:
Magos, Alicia P. (June 1999), "Sea Episodes in the Sugidanon (Epic) and the Boat-building Tradition in Central Panay,Philippines." in DANYAG Vol.4.No.1. p.6.
521:
509:
800:
by Cervantes, with music by Ryan Cayabyab, and starred Kuh Ledesma as Kapinangan, Robert Arevalo as Datu Sumakwel, and Hajji Alejandro as Gurong-gurong.
53:
33:
731:
795:
Jeremias Elizalde Navarro (J. Elizalde Navarro), who is from San Jose, Antique, immortalized a scene from Maragtas with two versions of the mural
792:
which won the Palanca Award in 1973, and produced by the UP Repertory Company and directed by noted stage director Behn Cervantes in June 1974.
737:
Scott himself had no doubt regarding the historicity of an event that led to the transmission of an oral tradition that came to be known as the
659:
Philippine historians made little use of the Maragtas before the Japanese occupation, with references such as that by Josué Soncuya in his 1917
480:
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526:
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514:
754:...the identity of the Panay-Bukidnon culture can be reconstructed through these epics which serve as their link to the ancient past".
1332:
590:
History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants, from which they descended, to the arrival of the Spaniards
1320:
1224:
William Henry Scott, Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History, Quezon City: 1984 (2nd Edition), p. 103.
664:
469:
667:
wrote in reference to an interesting research related to Maragtas. Scott said that in 1947, a book co-authored by historian
734:
in Manila, which contains the biggest collection of ancient documents in this writing system guarantees the proof of this.
784:
Despite the controversy on The Maragtas, it has definitely enriched the arts scene. Based on it, Ricaredo Demetillo wrote
627:
of Panay, with special mention of Marikudo, son of old Chief Polpulan; the second chapter begins a narrative of the ten
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1286:: Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition By Talaguit Christian Jeo N.
1259:
The Pre-Islamic Kings of Brunei By Rozan Yunos taken from the Magazine "Pusaka" published on year 2009.
788:
which won the UP Golden Jubilee Award for Poetry in 1958. He later extracted from it the verse tragedy
1078:
Cf. F. Landa Jocano, Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage, Manila: 2000, pp. 68-69.
623:
The first chapter describes the former customs, clothes, dialect, heredity, organization, etc. of the
804:
344:
160:
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1058:, Sarawak Museum Journal Vol. VIII (1957) pp. 51–99, and an 1858 manuscript by Fr. Tomas Santaren.
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349:
299:
246:
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Cf. F. Landa Jocano, Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage, Manila: 2000, p. 69.
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having been restricted to the Spanish-speaking elite. In a book published in 1984, the historian
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and "the ancient writing in which it was originally inscribed. Scott quoted Beyer stating:
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in 1907. It is an original work based on written and oral sources available to the author.
1305:
THE BISAYA OF BORNEO AND THE PHILIPPINES: A NEW LOOK AT THE MARAGTAS By Joseph Baumgartner
686:
324:
229:
671:, founder of the Anthropology Department of the University of the Philippines, refers to
1050:. All-Nations Pub. pp. 39 and note 19 on p. 416, which cites Dr. Juan C. Orendain,
668:
474:
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773:
Igorrotes: estudio geográfico y etnográfico sobre algunos distritos del norte de Luzon
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741:. He said in the revised version of his doctoral dissertation, published in 1984:
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flight from Borneo and the tyranny of Rajah Makatunaw there, to the island of
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1136:(Segunda edición), Manila: 1889, Tipo-Litografía de Chofké y C.a, pp. 82-83.
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1176:"UST collection of ancient scripts in 'baybayin' syllabary shown to public"
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Philippine Saga: A Pictorial History of the Archipelago Since Time Began
1271:
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in 1969 for the inauguration of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
588:
is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro titled (in English translation)
41:
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63:
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Brunei Rediscovered: A Survey of Early Times By Robert Nicholl Page 37
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Nonetheless, whether the work is purely fictional has been debated.
714:
Early Spanish explorer Miguel de Loarca wrote in his report titled
632:
82:
1345:
Outline Review of Philippine Archaeology by Islands and Provinces
1118:
BLAIR, Emma Helen & ROBERTSON, James Alexander, eds. (1903).
1103:
Outline Review of Philippine Archaeology by Islands and Provinces
1325:
Prehispanic Source Materials for the study of Philippine History
628:
624:
187:
92:
87:
72:
1088:
1086:
1084:
853:
Early historic coastal city-states and polities of Philippines
40:
838:
which premiered at the Luckman Fine Arts Complex in 1999.
730:
were existing, including those used in the Visayas. The
1255:
1253:
863:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
1054:(Manila: Mabuhay Publ. 1963), Dr. Manuel L. Carreon,
912:
History & Society in the Novels of Ramon Muzones
16:
Illuminated manuscript by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro
1354:Beyer, Henry Otley; de Veyra, Jaime Carlos (1947).
1274:(Sub-citation taken from Ferrand, Relations p. 333)
1267:
1265:
1419:(English) (Translated to English by Esther Abiera)
1380:
818:, Jose Lardizabal, and National Artist for Music
771:(originally a part of the appendice in the book,
752:
743:
720:
707:
915:. Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp.
685:In the year 2000, the Filipino anthropologist
1134:Las Islas Visayas en la Época de la Conquista
991:
769:Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements
563:
8:
1152:, University of Santo Tomas, archived from
750:Anthropologist Patricia P. Magos asserts,
718:in June 1582, writing in Arevalo (Panay):
570:
556:
20:
732:Archives of the University of Santo Tomas
1203:UST Baybayin collection shown to public
884:
620:author, six chapters, and an epilogue.
34:Pre-colonial history of the Philippines
32:
1122:, Volume 05 of 55 (1582–1583), p. 121.
829:In dance, Ballet Philippines produced
1031:
1019:
1007:
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963:
951:
939:
896:
7:
1132:Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino,
661:Historia Pre-Hispanica de Filipinas
990:, pp. 101, 296, referring to
635:. The datus bartered with a local
14:
1120:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803
481:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
1047:The Philippines: a unique nation
909:Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava (2001).
790:The Heart of Emptiness is Black,
1056:Maragtas: The Datus from Borneo
728:ancient Filipino writing system
716:Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas
1107:Philippine Journal of Sciences
824:Dulawaran: Ang Gintong Salakot
470:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1:
1398:Monteclaro, Pedro Alcantara.
452:Primary sources and artifacts
1360:. Manilla: The Evening News.
126:Commoners, serfs, and slaves
1406:Hathi Trust digital library
1342:Beyer, Henry Otley (1949),
1459:
1348:, Bureau of Printing, 1949
545:History of the Philippines
1379:, mts.net, archived from
992:Beyer & de Veyra 1947
809:Pagtimalus ni Kapinangan
1044:Sonia M. Zaide (1999).
1006:, p. 151, quoting
807:wrote the one-act play
592:. The work is in mixed
1327:, New Day Publishers,
899:, pp. 92–93, 103.
814:In music and theater,
756:
748:
724:
712:
370:Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram
45:
1373:"The Maragtas Legend"
1284:Mga Maragtas ng Panay
500:Cultural achievements
380:Sultan Muwallil Wasit
295:Azim ud-Din I of Sulu
44:
1385:on February 27, 2014
1321:Scott, William Henry
1052:Ten Datus of Madiaas
805:Alex C. Delos Santos
64:Maginoo, Ginu, Tumao
1022:, pp. 101–103.
942:, pp. 91, 149.
665:William Henry Scott
300:Batarah Shah Tengah
1182:, January 15, 2012
891:Originally titled
797:Bulawan nga Saduk,
290:Agustin de Legazpi
161:Political entities
46:
1443:Culture of Iloilo
1438:Filipino nobility
1433:Visayan mythology
1109:, 77.3-4: p. 296.
1065:978-971-642-071-5
966:, pp. 94–95.
926:978-971-550-378-5
655:Use by historians
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465:Butuan Ivory Seal
315:Dayang Kalangitan
137:Alipin sa gigilid
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786:Barter in Panay,
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425:Sharif ul-Hāshim
375:Muhammad Kudarat
320:Dimasangcay Adel
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1156:on May 24, 2013
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385:Rajah Humabon
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335:Gugu Sarikula
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310:Datu Sikatuna
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230:Bo-ol/Dapitan
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60:Ruling class
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27:
23:
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19:
1400:
1382:the original
1376:
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1208:, retrieved
1202:
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1179:
1170:
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1154:the original
1148:
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660:
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649:cockfighting
622:
616:
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589:
584:
583:
581:
479:
457:
390:Rajah Lontok
345:Kamal ud-Din
109:Middle class
18:
1101:H.O Beyer,
645:Philippines
459:Boxer Codex
420:Kabungsuwan
410:Rajah Tupas
350:Laut Buisan
284:Key figures
262:Maguindanao
1427:Categories
1314:References
1206:, Baybayin
1032:Scott 1984
1020:Scott 1984
1008:Beyer 1949
1004:Scott 1984
988:Scott 1984
976:Scott 1984
964:Scott 1984
952:Scott 1984
940:Scott 1984
897:Scott 1984
873:Indosphere
836:Ma'I Lost,
831:Kapinangan
739:"Maragtas"
697:, not the
594:Hiligaynon
542:See also:
330:Gat Pangil
822:produced
598:Kinaray-a
430:Sri Lumay
355:Lakandula
305:Datu Daya
134:namamahay
120:Maharlika
73:Apo, Datu
1377:Sarisari
1323:(1984),
1210:June 18,
1186:June 17,
1180:Inquirer
1160:June 17,
1149:Archives
858:Pintados
842:See also
673:Margitas
617:Maragtas
585:Maragtas
527:Religion
515:consorts
510:Monarchs
494:By topic
360:Lapulapu
340:Jayadewa
267:Sanmalan
241:Mindanao
235:Madja-as
173:Caboloan
143:Bulislis
88:Panglima
26:a series
24:Part of
1414:Visayan
643:in the
611:Content
532:Warfare
219:Visayas
198:Namayan
193:Maynila
146:Horohan
140:Bulisik
132:Aliping
103:Thimuay
1331:
1062:
923:
641:Iloilo
602:Iloilo
440:Urduja
252:Butuan
247:Buayan
208:Sandao
203:Pulilu
183:Ibalon
178:Cainta
149:Uripon
115:Timawa
98:Sultan
78:Bagani
28:on the
879:Notes
633:Panay
629:Datus
625:Aetas
257:Lanao
213:Tondo
167:Luzon
93:Rajah
83:Lakan
1329:ISBN
1212:2012
1188:2012
1162:2012
1060:ISBN
921:ISBN
615:The
596:and
582:The
272:Sulu
225:Cebu
188:Ma-i
1416:),
1105:in
703:tas
699:Mar
695:tas
691:Mar
637:Ati
1429::
1404:.
1375:,
1264:^
1252:^
1178:,
1083:^
919:.
917:46
895:,
701:gi
693:ag
1412:(
1408:.
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1338:.
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1191:.
1165:.
1068:.
994:.
929:.
571:e
564:t
557:v
66:)
62:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
