160:
340:. It contained a number of tools to enhance the functions of the version of DoubleSpace that came with MS-DOS 6.0. This included various diagnostic features, the ability to have compressed removable media auto-mounted as they were used, as well as support for background defragmentation of DoubleSpace compressed drives. To defragment files in the background, it was possible to let DoubleTools replace the low-level DoubleSpace driver (DBLSPACE.BIN) with one supplied by DoubleTools. Replacing the driver also enabled other enhanced functionality of the product, such as the use of
328:
an application, the MS-DOS prompt might appear before all data had been written to the disk. However, due to the lack of a controlled shutdown procedure (as found in modern operating systems), many users saw the appearance of the MS-DOS prompt as an indication that it was safe to switch off the computer, which was typically the case prior to MS-DOS 6.0. Microsoft addressed this issue in MS-DOS 6.2 where the write caching was still enabled by default, but where the cache would be flushed before allowing the command prompt to reappear.
482:
frequently the files were used. One could upgrade from DriveSpace 2 to DriveSpace 3, but there was no downgrade path back to DriveSpace 2. One could, however, decompress a DriveSpace 3 drive. The DOS device driver of DriveSpace 3 had a memory footprint of around 150 KB because of all these new features. This caused difficulty for users rebooting into the MS-DOS mode of
Windows 95 for running games, because of the reduced amount of
214:, which had a similar product called Stacker, but these negotiations had failed. Microsoft was later successfully sued for patent infringement by Stac Electronics for violating some of its compression patents. During the court case Stac Electronics claimed that Microsoft had refused to pay any money when it attempted to license Stacker, offering only the possibility for Stac Electronics to develop enhancement products.
228:
323:
The fact that the compressed contents of a compressed drive was stored in a single file implied the possibility of a user accidentally deleting all of their data by deleting just that file. This could happen if the user inadvertently got access to the host drive, containing this file. The host drive
327:
Turning off the computer before DoubleSpace could finish updating its data structures could also result in data loss. This problem was compounded by
Microsoft making write caching enabled by default in the SMARTDRV disk cache software that came with MS-DOS 6.0. Because of this change, after exiting
481:
pack contained version 3 of DriveSpace. This version introduced new compression formats (HiPack and UltraPack) with different performance characteristics for even greater compression ratios along with a tool that could recompress the files on the disk using the different formats, depending on how
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368:
memory, albeit at the cost of somewhat reduced speed). Another function was the ability to split a compressed volume over multiple floppy disks, being able to see the entire volume with only the first disk inserted (and being prompted to change discs as necessary). It was also possible to share a
308:
The fragmentation condition was related to the way DoubleSpace compresses individual clusters (of size, say, 8 K), and fits them on the disk, occupying fewer sectors (size 512 bytes) than the fixed number required without DoubleSpace (16 sectors in this example). This created the possibility of a
300:
Shortly after its release, reports of data loss emerged. A company called
Blossom Software claimed to have found a bug that could lead to data corruption. The bug occurred when writing files to heavily fragmented disks and was demonstrated by a program called BUST.EXE. The company sold a program
376:
Vertisoft, the company who developed the DoubleDisk program that
Microsoft subsequently licensed and turned into DoubleSpace, developed and sold a DoubleSpace add-on program called SpaceManager, which contained a number of usability enhancements. It also offered improved compression ratios.
521:
It is possible to restore full function of DriveSpace 3 (unofficially) in
Windows Me, copying the executable file from a Windows 98 installation and using it to replace the executable included with Windows Me. After that, one could compress new drives as they could do on Windows 98.
533:, a Linux kernel driver, was developed in the late 1990s to support both the reading and writing of DoubleSpace/DriveSpace disks. However, reading and especially writing to compressed filesystems is reliable only in specific versions of the 2.0, 2.1 or 2.2 versions of the kernel.
202:
and adapted it to become DoubleSpace. For instance, the loading of the driver controlling the compression/decompression (DBLSPACE.BIN) became more deeply integrated into the operating system (being loaded through the undocumented pre-load API even before the
517:
had only limited support. DriveSpace no longer supported hard disk compression, but still supported reading and writing compressed removable media, although the only DriveSpace operation supported beside that was deleting and reallocating compressed drives.
425:
introduced in this release was able to scan the non-compressed and compressed drives, including checks of the internal DoubleSpace structures. Security features (known as DoubleGuard) were added to prevent memory corruption from leading to data loss. The
476:
had full support of DoubleSpace/DriveSpace via a native 32-bit driver for accessing the compressed drives, along with a graphical version of the software tools. MS-DOS DriveSpace users could upgrade to
Windows 95 without any troubles. Furthermore, the
552:-enabled whereas the MS-DOS ones were not, this did not offer any advantages for DR-DOS users, but allowed easier coexistence or migration due to the possibility of shared use of already existing compressed volumes in multi-boot scenarios.
179:
C:). The software would compress the entire partition contents into one large file in the root directory. On booting the system, the driver would allocate this large file as drive C:, enabling files to be accessed as normal.
301:
called DoubleCheck that could be used to check for the fragmentation condition that could lead to the error. Microsoft's position was that the error only occurred under unlikely conditions, but fixed the problem in
489:
DriveSpace 3 also shipped with
Windows 95 OSR2 but many features were disabled unless Plus! was also installed. DriveSpace could also not be used with FAT32, making it of little use on PCs with large hard drives.
139:. The purpose of DriveSpace is to increase the amount of data the user could store on disks by transparently compressing and decompressing data on-the-fly. It is primarily intended for use with
790:
288:
A few computer programs, particularly games, were incompatible with DoubleSpace because they effectively bypassed the DoubleSpace driver. DoubleSpace also consumed a significant amount of
309:
kind of internal fragmentation issue, where DoubleSpace would be unable to find enough consecutive sectors for storing a compressed cluster even if plenty of space was available.
312:
Other potential causes of data loss included the corruption of DoubleSpace's memory areas by other programs, DoubleSpace's memory areas were not protected, because MS-DOS ran in
548:
in 1993 and higher introduced an emulation of the undocumented pre-load API in order to provide seamless support for DoubleSpace as well. Since the DR-DOS drivers were
1859:
380:
Other products, like later versions of
Stacker from Stac Electronics, were capable of converting existing DoubleSpace compressed drives into their own format.
924:
465:. The software was essentially identical to the MS-DOS 6.2 version of DoubleSpace from a user point of view, and was compatible with previous versions.
324:
was usually mapped to the letter H: by the compression driver. However, if the compression driver had failed to load the user might see it as drive C:.
2068:
1603:
583:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and
Windows 3.1
175:
In the most common usage scenario, the user would have one hard drive in the computer, with all the space allocated to one partition (usually as
430:
of the DoubleSpace driver was reduced compared to the version shipped in MS-DOS 6.0. A fix was made to the fragmentation issue discussed above.
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without DoubleSpace. A court injunction also prevented any further distribution of the previous versions of MS-DOS that included DoubleSpace.
1949:
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1557:
843:
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861:"Microsoft DoubleSpace System Application Programming Interfaces (API) v1.00.05 and DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File (CVF) format"
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MS-DOS 6.2 featured a new and improved version of DoubleSpace. The ability to remove DoubleSpace was added. The program
337:
31:
1994:
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that made it possible to access the compressed data even on computers that didn't have DoubleSpace (or Double Tools).
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compressed volume with a remote computer. Double Tools also had the capability to put a special utility on compressed
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shipped with DriveSpace 3 as part of the operating system. Functionality was the same as in
Windows 95 with Plus!.
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contained a reimplemented version of the disk compression software, but this time released under the name
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Microsoft's decision to add disk compression to MS-DOS 6.0 was influenced by the fact that the competing
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316:. Microsoft attempted to remedy this in the MS-DOS 6.2 version of DoubleSpace (via a feature called
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Instead of developing its own product from scratch, Microsoft licensed the technology for the
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support, FAT32 going mainstream and the decreasing popularity of DriveSpace, DriveSpace in
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version. Left and right charts show disk usage before and after compacting, respectively.
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While DR-DOS supported its own disk compression technology (originally based on
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had earlier started to include disk compression software since version
698:
www.helpwithwindows.com; HelpWithWindows.com, Arie Slob (1998-07-14).
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for some of its buffers (reducing the driver's total footprint in
158:
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571:
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906:
641:"It's a good idea to 'DoubleCheck' your disk for fragmentation"
210:
Microsoft had originally sought to license the technology from
865:
349:
221:
606:"Errata, Commentary, and Release Notes for UNDOCUMENTED DOS"
580:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) .
292:, making it difficult to run memory-intensive programs.
556:
and higher also added support for DriveSpace in 1998.
775:"Caldera OpenDOS 7.01/7.02 Update Alpha 3 IBMBIO.COM"
1932:
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831:
Windows 98 in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference
102:
86:
68:
52:
44:
30:"Doublespace" redirects here. For other uses, see
163:Microsoft advertised DoubleSpace on the cover of
898:Microsoft Real-time Compression Interface (MRCI)
807:Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22, Third Edition
171:pack-in pictured, DoubleSpace sticker top-right)
336:AddStor, Inc. offered an add-on product called
147:is also supported. This feature was removed in
135:in 1993 and ending in 2000 with the release of
828:Tim O'Reilly; Troy Mott; Walter Glenn (1999).
167:distributions (user's guide for MS-DOS 6 with
918:
8:
39:
256:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
925:
911:
903:
38:
893:DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File Layout
276:Learn how and when to remove this message
18:Microsoft Realtime Compression Interface
565:
320:that would check for such corruption).
620:"Undocumented DOS, 2nd Edition Errata"
586:(2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts:
7:
679:Eglowstein, Howard (February 1994).
254:adding citations to reliable sources
660:Halfhill, Tom R. (February 1994).
438:Following a successful lawsuit by
25:
878:from the original on 2016-03-03.
773:Paul, Matthias R. (1997-10-02).
639:Livingston, Brian (1993-09-20).
226:
2069:Discontinued Windows components
755:from the original on 2016-11-02
730:from the original on 2016-11-11
662:"How Safe Is Data Compression?"
344:code paths when it detected an
724:"DMSDOS - Linux kernel driver"
681:"Data Loss: A Cautionary Tale"
604:Andrew Schulman (1991-03-18).
479:Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95
1:
218:Consumption and compatibility
356:– also permitted the use of
338:Double Tools for DoubleSpace
32:Doublespace (disambiguation)
74:; 31 years ago
2085:
509:Because of the removal of
29:
2003:
947:
618:Ralf Brown (1994-01-08).
526:Support outside Microsoft
2049:Compression file systems
888:Mapping DOS FAT to MDFAT
505:DriveSpace in Windows Me
494:DriveSpace in Windows 98
469:DriveSpace in Windows 95
27:Disk compression utility
751:. 0.9.2.0. 1998-11-19.
442:regarding demonstrated
976:File system navigation
413:
392:DriveSpace running on
172:
127:utility supplied with
48:DoubleSpace (DBLSPACE)
2018:Windows Support Tools
2013:Environment variables
446:, Microsoft released
391:
198:product developed by
162:
40:DriveSpace (DRVSPACE)
2008:List of DOS commands
1906:Software development
1733:Maintenance and care
883:DoubleSpace Overview
805:Cooper, Jim (2001).
486:that was available.
250:improve this section
119:(initially known as
749:"DMSDOS CVF module"
704:HelpWithWindows.com
700:"Windows 98, FAT32"
484:conventional memory
444:patent infringement
290:conventional memory
41:
962:Windows PowerShell
576:Schulman, Andrew;
414:
296:Bugs and data loss
173:
2026:
2025:
354:Upper Memory Area
286:
285:
278:
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
2076:
2044:Data compression
2039:Windows commands
1377:User environment
967:Recovery Console
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920:
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786:
777:. Archived from
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683:. Archived from
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664:. Archived from
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440:Stac Electronics
428:memory footprint
411: Used space
410:
405: Free space
404:
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212:Stac Electronics
125:disk compression
88:Operating system
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1869:Boot management
1864:
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1270:
1164:Disk management
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1118:
1013:File management
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799:Further reading
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358:Extended Memory
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69:Initial release
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2054:DOS technology
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957:Command Prompt
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854:External links
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845:978-1565924864
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820:978-0789725738
819:
811:Que Publishing
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726:. 2005-03-18.
715:
690:
687:on 2005-02-19.
671:
668:on 2008-06-19.
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588:Addison Wesley
578:Brown, Ralf D.
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384:Later versions
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1933:Miscellaneous
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939:programs and
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781:on 2003-10-04
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235:This section
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33:
19:
937:command-line
830:
806:
783:. Retrieved
779:the original
768:
757:. Retrieved
743:
732:. Retrieved
718:
707:. Retrieved
703:
693:
685:the original
674:
666:the original
655:
644:
634:
623:. Retrieved
609:. Retrieved
582:
546:Novell DOS 7
535:
530:
529:
520:
508:
497:
488:
472:
462:
457:
437:
420:
379:
375:
371:floppy disks
362:conventional
335:
326:
322:
317:
311:
307:
299:
287:
272:
266:October 2009
263:
248:Please help
236:
209:
193:
182:
174:
145:floppy disks
120:
116:
115:
54:Developer(s)
36:
1785:pnpunattend
1755:eventcreate
1750:driverquery
1709:ssh-keyscan
952:COMMAND.COM
554:DR-DOS 7.02
540:, later on
459:MS-DOS 6.22
454:MS-DOS 6.22
448:MS-DOS 6.21
434:MS-DOS 6.21
394:Windows 3.1
346:Intel 80386
318:DoubleGuard
185:DR DOS
169:Windows 3.1
151:and later.
141:hard drives
133:version 6.0
121:DoubleSpace
45:Other names
2064:Windows 98
2059:Windows 95
2033:Categories
1815:systeminfo
1704:ssh-keygen
1592:Networking
1236:manage-bde
1206:diskshadow
785:2009-03-29
759:2016-11-01
734:2016-05-25
709:2024-03-30
625:2019-08-04
611:2019-08-04
560:References
515:Windows Me
499:Windows 98
474:Windows 95
463:DriveSpace
417:MS-DOS 6.2
398:Portuguese
348:or higher
303:MS-DOS 6.2
205:CONFIG.SYS
196:DoubleDisk
149:Windows XP
137:Windows Me
117:DriveSpace
97:Windows 9x
1990:tpmvscmgr
1699:ssh-agent
1604:bitsadmin
1510:Scripting
1275:Processes
1123:Archiving
1077:openfiles
874:. 1993 .
872:Microsoft
646:InfoWorld
538:SuperStor
511:real mode
314:real mode
237:does not
200:Vertisoft
191:in 1991.
63:Microsoft
59:Vertisoft
1965:gpupdate
1960:gpresult
1886:bootsect
1845:wevtutil
1825:typeperf
1820:tracerpt
1810:sxstrace
1795:REAgentC
1780:ntbackup
1745:dispdiag
1740:auditpol
1654:PathPing
1649:nslookup
1624:ipconfig
1619:hostname
1548:forfiles
1399:graftabl
1368:regsvr32
1341:Registry
1332:tasklist
1327:taskkill
1317:shutdown
1312:schtasks
1297:powercfg
1266:vssadmin
1251:scandisk
1241:refsutil
1211:drvspace
1201:diskraid
1196:diskpart
1191:diskcopy
1186:diskcomp
1135:extrac32
1104:robocopy
1089:(rename)
876:Archived
836:O'Reilly
753:Archived
728:Archived
423:SCANDISK
165:MS-DOS 6
155:Overview
1985:tpmtool
1919:exe2bin
1891:fixboot
1881:bootcfg
1876:bcdedit
1850:winmgmt
1840:wecutil
1835:WBAdmin
1790:pnputil
1775:msiexec
1770:mofcomp
1714:tracert
1694:ssh-add
1664:rpcping
1644:netstat
1629:nbtstat
1583:timeout
1528:cscript
1490:findstr
1176:convert
1145:makecab
1140:extract
1109:takeown
1093:replace
1082:recover
1051:deltree
1047:(erase)
1035:compact
985:(chdir)
934:Windows
542:Stacker
332:Add-ons
258:removed
243:sources
207:file).
123:) is a
109:Command
77: (
1980:pentnt
1975:MSCDEX
1924:QBasic
1896:fixmbr
1855:winsat
1765:logman
1679:setspn
1614:getmac
1573:prompt
1533:doskey
1518:choice
1449:whoami
1419:setver
1389:cmdkey
1363:regini
1226:fsutil
1221:format
1181:defrag
1171:chkdsk
1130:expand
1067:mklink
1056:icacls
1030:cipher
1020:attrib
842:
817:
594:
531:DMSDOS
409:
403:
342:32-bit
129:MS-DOS
93:MS-DOS
1955:dpath
1940:break
1914:debug
1830:w32tm
1800:relog
1724:winrs
1719:winrm
1669:route
1639:netsh
1568:pause
1495:print
1475:edlin
1444:where
1434:title
1353:ftype
1348:assoc
1322:start
1302:runas
1246:subst
1231:label
1216:fdisk
1114:xcopy
1098:rmdir
1061:mkdir
1025:cacls
999:pushd
649:: 20.
366:upper
177:drive
1970:help
1950:dism
1860:wmic
1684:sftp
1659:ping
1609:curl
1563:more
1553:goto
1538:echo
1523:clip
1500:type
1485:find
1470:edit
1465:comp
1429:time
1424:setx
1409:path
1404:mode
1394:date
1384:chcp
1292:kill
1287:exit
1100:(rd)
1072:move
1063:(md)
1040:copy
1004:tree
994:popd
840:ISBN
815:ISBN
592:ISBN
550:DPMS
364:and
241:any
239:cite
104:Type
79:1993
72:1993
1995:wsl
1945:cls
1805:sfc
1689:ssh
1674:scp
1634:net
1599:arp
1578:rem
1543:for
1439:ver
1414:set
1358:reg
1261:vol
1256:sys
1155:tar
1150:pax
1087:ren
1045:del
989:dir
866:ARJ
616:--
602:--
544:),
350:CPU
252:by
189:6.0
2035::
1558:if
1480:fc
1307:sc
1282:at
983:cd
870:.
838:.
834:.
813:.
809:.
702:.
643:.
590:.
568:^
396:,
305:.
95:,
61:,
926:e
919:t
912:v
868:)
864:(
848:.
823:.
788:.
762:.
737:.
712:.
628:.
614:.
600:.
279:)
273:(
268:)
264:(
260:.
246:.
81:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
