3407:
1318:
minutes of arc per minute of time (360 degrees / 24 hours in day); the Earth's rotational rate around the Sun (not entirely constant) is roughly 24 minutes of time per minute of arc (from 24 hours in day), which tracks the annual progression of the Zodiac. Both of these factor in what astronomical objects you can see from surface telescopes (time of year) and when you can best see them (time of day), but neither are in unit correspondence. For simplicity, the explanations given assume a degree/day in the Earth's annual rotation around the Sun, which is off by roughly 1%. The same ratios hold for seconds, due to the consistent factor of 60 on both sides.
1579:
1882:, meaning a gun consistently shooting groups under 1 MOA. This means that a single group of 3 to 5 shots at 100 yards, or the average of several groups, will measure less than 1 MOA between the two furthest shots in the group, i.e. all shots fall within 1 MOA. If larger samples are taken (i.e., more shots per group) then group size typically increases, however this will ultimately average out. If a rifle was truly a 1 MOA rifle, it would be just as likely that two consecutive shots land exactly on top of each other as that they land 1 MOA apart. For 5-shot groups, based on 95%
1278:
1809:
known as the
Shooter's MOA (SMOA) or Inches Per Hundred Yards (IPHY). While the difference between one true MOA and one SMOA is less than half of an inch even at 1000 yards, this error compounds significantly on longer range shots that may require adjustment upwards of 20–30 MOA to compensate for the bullet drop. If a shot requires an adjustment of 20 MOA or more, the difference between true MOA and SMOA will add up to 1 inch or more. In competitive target shooting, this might mean the difference between a hit and a miss.
3395:
1566:. A boundary "mete" is described with a beginning reference point, the cardinal direction North or South followed by an angle less than 90 degrees and a second cardinal direction, and a linear distance. The boundary runs the specified linear distance from the beginning point, the direction of the distance being determined by rotating the first cardinal direction the specified angle toward the second cardinal direction. For example,
1928:
3431:
151:
3369:
43:
1886:, a rifle that normally shoots 1 MOA can be expected to shoot groups between 0.58 MOA and 1.47 MOA, although the majority of these groups will be under 1 MOA. What this means in practice is if a rifle that shoots 1-inch groups on average at 100 yards shoots a group measuring 0.7 inches followed by a group that is 1.3 inches, this is not statistically abnormal.
3419:
1915:
is at a range that is in metres equal to the object's size in millimetres (e.g. an object of 100 mm subtending 1 mrad is 100 metres away). So there is no conversion factor required, contrary to the MOA system. A reticle with markings (hashes or dots) spaced with a one mrad apart (or a fraction
1857:
Sometimes, a precision-oriented firearm's performance will be measured in MOA. This simply means that under ideal conditions (i.e. no wind, high-grade ammo, clean barrel, and a stable mounting platform such as a vise or a benchrest used to eliminate shooter error), the gun is capable of producing a
1281:
Comparison of angular diameter of the Sun, Moon, planets and the
International Space Station. True representation of the sizes is achieved when the image is viewed at a distance of 103 times the width of the "Moon: max." circle. For example, if the "Moon: max." circle is 10 cm wide on a
1808:
One thing to be aware of is that some MOA scopes, including some higher-end models, are calibrated such that an adjustment of 1 MOA on the scope knobs corresponds to exactly 1 inch of impact adjustment on a target at 100 yards, rather than the mathematically correct 1.047 inches. This is commonly
1701:
with a calibrated reticle, or a target delineated for such purposes), the scope needs to be adjusted 3 MOA down, and 1.5 MOA right. Such adjustments are trivial when the scope's adjustment dials have a MOA scale printed on them, and even figuring the right number of clicks is relatively easy on
1317:
Contrary to what one might assume, minutes and seconds of arc do not directly relate to minutes and seconds of time, in either the rotational frame of the Earth around its own axis (day), or the Earth's rotational frame around the Sun (year). The Earth's rotational rate around its own axis is 15
1866:
should be capable, under ideal conditions, of repeatably shooting 1-inch groups at 100 yards. Most higher-end rifles are warrantied by their manufacturer to shoot under a given MOA threshold (typically 1 MOA or better) with specific ammunition and no error on the shooter's part. For example,
1247:
into 360 degrees. Each degree was subdivided into 60 minutes and each minute into 60 seconds. Thus, one
Babylonian degree was equal to four minutes in modern terminology, one Babylonian minute to four modern seconds, and one Babylonian second to
1333:, the small change of position of a star or Solar System body as the Earth revolves about the Sun. These small angles may also be written in milliarcseconds (mas), or thousandths of an arcsecond. The unit of distance called the
1541:
of a degree) and specify locations within about 120 metres (390 feet). For navigational purposes positions are given in degrees and decimal minutes, for instance The
Needles lighthouse is at 50º 39.734’N 001º 35.500’W.
1090:, seconds of arc are rarely used in calculations, the preference usually being for degrees, minutes, and decimals of a minute, for example, written as 42° 25.32′ or 42° 25.322′. This notation has been carried over into
1923:
In the table below conversions from mrad to metric values are exact (e.g. 0.1 mrad equals exactly 10 mm at 100 metres), while conversions of minutes of arc to both metric and imperial values are approximate.
1907:
of the target range, laid out on a circle that has the observer as centre and the target range as radius. The number of milliradians on a full such circle therefore always is equal to 2 ×
1321:
The arcsecond is also often used to describe small astronomical angles such as the angular diameters of planets (e.g. the angular diameter of Venus which varies between 10″ and 60″); the
2480:
Some measurement devices make use of arcminutes and arcseconds to measure angles when the object being measured is too small for direct visual inspection. For instance, a toolmaker's
1804: mrad scope 0.9 mrad down and 0.4 mrad right, the scope needs to be adjusted 9 clicks down and 4 clicks right (which equals approximately 3 and 1.5 MOA respectively).
2651:
1489:-60 for minutes and seconds, positions are frequently expressed as decimal fractional degrees to an equal amount of precision. Degrees given to three decimal places (
1862:
whose center points (center-to-center) fit into a circle, the average diameter of circles in several groups can be subtended by that amount of arc. For example, a
1634:
is linear with the distance, for example, at 500 yards, 1 MOA subtends 5.235 inches, and at 1000 yards 1 MOA subtends 10.47 inches. Since many modern
3344:
1697:
For example, if the point of impact is 3 inches high and 1.5 inches left of the point of aim at 100 yards (which for instance could be measured by using a
2615:
It is a straightforward method and requires no mathematical calculation beyond addition and subtraction of degrees and minutes and decimals of minutes
60:
2973:
2913:
3406:
1387:
will smear the image of a star to an angular diameter of about 0.5″; in poor conditions this increases to 1.5″ or even more. The dwarf planet
1191:
One microarcsecond is about the size of a period at the end of a sentence in the Apollo mission manuals left on the Moon as seen from Earth.
1834:) × distance. In the example previously given, for 1 minute of arc, and substituting 3,600 inches for 100 yards, 3,600 tan(
1570:
would describe a line running from the starting point 85.69 feet in a direction 65° 39′ 18″ (or 65.655°) away from north toward the west.
159:(with a diameter of 22 cm or 8.7 in) subtends an angle of 1 arcminute at a distance of approximately 756 m (827 yd).
107:
3060:
79:
126:
1911:× 1000, regardless the target range. Therefore, 1 MOA ≈ 0.2909 mrad. This means that an object which spans 1 mrad on the
3250:
86:
2863:
2655:
2639:
are sometimes in seconds of arc, which will need to be converted to decimal minutes when you include them in your calculation.
31:
3354:
170:
64:
1578:
1746:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 x 8 = 24 clicks down and 1.5 × 8 = 12 clicks right
3451:
3069:
3010:
2940:
1733:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 x 4 = 12 clicks down and 1.5 × 4 = 6 clicks right
93:
3385:
1720:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 × 2 = 6 clicks down and 1.5 x 2 = 3 clicks right
1113:
One arcminute is the approximate distance two contours can be separated by, and still be distinguished by, a person with
1303:
1295:
2728:
1611:
1212:
has calculational resolution of 0.05 arcseconds and actual resolution of almost 0.1 arcseconds, which is close to the
156:
75:
3025:
1291:
53:
1450:). A second of arc, one sixtieth of this amount, is roughly 30 metres (98 feet). The exact distance varies along
1125:
1091:
1232:
The concepts of degrees, minutes, and seconds—as they relate to the measure of both angles and time—derive from
1868:
1277:
2890:
3349:
1438:(not to be confused with international mile or statute mile) along the Earth's equator or approximately one
1128:(18 mm) at a distance of 4 kilometres (about 2.5 mi). An arcsecond is also the angle subtended by
1282:
computer display, viewing it from 10.3 m (11.3 yards) away will show true representation of the sizes.
1094:
and aviation GPS receivers, which normally display latitude and longitude in the latter format by default.
3053:
1599:
1407:
1346:
1345:
ond, was developed for such parallax measurements. The distance from the Sun to a celestial object is the
1209:
204:
2729:"Why is a minute divided into 60 seconds, an hour into 60 minutes, yet there are only 24 hours in a day?"
2714:
2781:
1353:
3394:
2985:
2917:
760:(μas), for instance, are commonly used in astronomy. For a three-dimensional area such as on a sphere,
1180:
One milliarcsecond is about the size of a half dollar, seen from a distance equal to that between the
717:(base 60) subdivisions of the degree; they are used in fields that involve very small angles, such as
100:
2513:
1236:
1087:
710:
3334:
2457:
1883:
1559:
1482:
1459:
1380:
1243:, the ancient Babylonians divided the Sun's perceived motion across the sky over the course of one
1181:
3399:
2837:
2481:
2460:, is usually measured in arcminutes or arcseconds. In addition, arcseconds are sometimes used in
1563:
1326:
2627:
1314:(RA) in equatorial coordinates, which is measured in time units of hours, minutes, and seconds.
3032:
2697:
1626:(2.66 cm at 91 m or 2.908 cm at 100 m), a traditional distance on American
3372:
3258:
3046:
2676:
2577:
2465:
1583:
1435:
1403:
1213:
1137:
762:
2385:
1′ ≈ 0.291 mrad (or 29.1 mm at 100 m, approximately 30 mm at 100 m)
1916:
of a mrad) are collectively called a mrad reticle. If the markings are round they are called
549:
of a minute of latitude on a spherical Earth, so the actual Earth circumference is very near
3423:
2793:
2763:
1635:
1555:
1392:
1368:
1349:
of the angle, measured in arcseconds, of the object's apparent movement caused by parallax.
1103:
3125:
2437:
1872:
1610:(MOA). It is especially popular as a unit of measurement with shooters familiar with the
1463:
1396:
1311:
1121:
517:
2423:
0.1 mrad equals exactly 1 cm at 100 m, or exactly 0.36 inches at 100 yards
1310:(δ). All are measured in degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds. The principal exception is
826:
characters are permitted. One arcsecond is thus written as 1″. It is also abbreviated as
800:
characters are permitted. One arcminute is thus written as 1′. It is also abbreviated as
2812:
1927:
3435:
3411:
3278:
3210:
2498:
1698:
1627:
1478:
938:
866:
779:
738:
542:
497:
275:
253:
193:
150:
3445:
3339:
3263:
3200:
3190:
2508:
2461:
2433:
1951:
1890:
1859:
1439:
1322:
1199:
1114:
892:
726:
3430:
3283:
3240:
3225:
3180:
3160:
3077:
2441:
1851:
1562:
relies on fractions of a degree to describe property lines' angles in reference to
1455:
1451:
1361:
1185:
812:
742:
546:
477:
1485:
can be precisely given with this method. However, when it is inconvenient to use
1469:
Positions are traditionally given using degrees, minutes, and seconds of arcs for
2687:, on DVD), Lecture 43, time 12:05, The Teaching Company, Chantilly, VA, US, 2007.
3155:
3110:
2523:
2503:
2445:
1960:
1932:
1894:
1751:
1587:
1419:
1307:
906:
838:
749:
714:
424:
359:
42:
24:
2947:
2797:
2735:. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. 5 March 2008
2602:
2547:
1399:, for example, can produce images around 0.05″ on a 10 m class telescope.
1364:, launched in 2013, can approximate star positions to 7 microarcseconds (μas).
1992:
1985:
1631:
1615:
1423:
1357:
1155:
734:
393:
208:
1694:
and adjustments are made by counting 2, 4 and 8 clicks per MOA respectively.
3220:
3135:
2518:
1551:
1474:
1427:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1287:
1244:
1233:
1107:
722:
718:
310:
3100:
1470:
1330:
3007:
Dexadine
Ballistics Software – ballistic data for shooting and reloading
1878:
Rifle manufacturers and gun magazines often refer to this capability as
3288:
3273:
3215:
3145:
3140:
3090:
2493:
2469:
1912:
1755:
1691:
1595:
1431:
1299:
1195:
787:
155:
An illustration of the size of an arcminute (not to scale). A standard
2767:
3303:
3205:
3115:
3095:
3085:
2456:
The deviation from parallelism between two surfaces, for instance in
1706:
in fractions of MOA. This makes zeroing and adjustments much easier:
1334:
1173:
730:
581:
326:
20:
1871:
is required to shoot 0.8 MOA or better, or be rejected from sale by
1754:(mrad). Zeroing an mrad based scope is easy for users familiar with
1402:
Space telescopes are not affected by the Earth's atmosphere but are
1395:
is about 0.1″. Techniques exist for improving seeing on the ground.
3318:
3313:
3298:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3150:
3105:
3006:
2484:
will often include an option to measure in "minutes and seconds".
1926:
1758:
systems. The most common adjustment value in mrad based scopes is
1603:
1577:
1486:
1443:
1388:
1276:
1240:
1220:
842:
823:
797:
183:
3293:
3235:
3230:
2006:
1999:
1623:
1619:
1447:
1379:
with a diameter of 0.05″. Because of the effects of atmospheric
3042:
1286:
Since antiquity, the arcminute and arcsecond have been used in
3268:
3195:
3185:
2784:; Louay J. Fatoohi (May 1994). "The Babylonian Unit of Time".
1816:
minutes of arc can be calculated as follows: group size = tan(
1750:
Another common system of measurement in firearm scopes is the
36:
2754:
Correll, Malcolm (November 1977). "Early Time
Measurements".
3038:
818:(U+2033) designates the arcsecond, though a double quote
2974:"Group Therapy The Problem: How accurate is your rifle?"
1410:
can reach an angular size of stars down to about 0.1″.
3383:
1598:
industry and literature, particularly concerning the
1568:
North 65° 39′ 18″ West 85.69 feet
30:"Arcsec" redirects here. For arcsecant function, see
2889:
1418:
Minutes (′) and seconds (″) of arc are also used in
3327:
3249:
3124:
3076:
1586:load. Bullet drop and wind drift are shown both in
420:
389:
355:
322:
306:
271:
246:
200:
189:
179:
169:
164:
143:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2448:. A 20/20 letter subtends 5 minutes of arc total.
1194:One nanoarcsecond is about the size of a penny on
792:) designates the arcminute, though a single quote
1940:Conversion of various sight adjustment increment
1473:, the arc north or south of the equator, and for
1205:Also notable examples of size in arcseconds are:
2444:of one minute of arc, from a distance of twenty
1622:(which is often rounded to just 1 inch) at 100
1466:(bulges a third of a percent at the equator).
1367:Apart from the Sun, the star with the largest
3054:
1161:an object of diameter one astronomical unit (
8:
1391:has proven difficult to resolve because its
1223:measures between 60.2 and 66 seconds of arc.
3345:Historical definitions of the SI base units
2941:"Statistical notes on rifle group patterns"
3061:
3047:
3039:
1550:Related to cartography, property boundary
1523:the precision of degrees-minutes-seconds (
1325:of stars; the separation of components of
1294:as latitude (β) and longitude (λ); in the
1264:(approximately 0.067) of a modern second.
149:
140:
2864:"Nautical mile approximates an arcminute"
1854:1 MOA at 100 metres ≈ 2.908 centimetres.
748:To express even smaller angles, standard
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2813:"Celestial mapper plots a billion stars"
2698:"Cosmic Distance Scales - The Milky Way"
1938:
836:
3390:
2535:
1594:The arcminute is commonly found in the
1481:. Any position on or above the Earth's
2916:. Shooting Illustrated. Archived from
2715:"The Diffraction Limit of a Telescope"
1931:Comparison of minute of arc (MOA) and
1812:The physical group size equivalent to
1606:, though the industry refers to it as
2578:"Minutes of Arc to Degree Conversion"
2382:1′ at 100 yards is about 1.047 inches
822:(U+0022) is commonly used where only
796:(U+0027) is commonly used where only
7:
2862:Kaplan, George H. (1 January 2003).
2811:Amos, Jonathan (14 September 2016).
2786:Journal for the History of Astronomy
2709:
2707:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2541:
2539:
1582:Example ballistic table for a given
1239:and time-keeping. Influenced by the
545:(nmi) was originally defined as the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1176:, per the definition of the latter.
3033:calculate distance using MOA Scope
2912:Mann, Richard (18 February 2011).
2499:Degree (angle) § Subdivisions
1618:a circle with a diameter of 1.047
1110:is about 31 arcminutes, or 0.52°.
157:association football (soccer) ball
14:
2972:Bramwell, Denton (January 2009).
2605:. International Navigation School
1120:One arcsecond is the approximate
250:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3368:
3367:
1897:(mrad or 'mil'), being equal to
1686:) MOA increments, also known as
175:Non-SI units mentioned in the SI
41:
2504:Sexagesimal § Modern usage
1774: mrad (which approximates
52:needs additional citations for
32:Inverse trigonometric functions
19:For the SI units of angle, see
3355:System of units of measurement
1893:counterpart of the MOA is the
1477:, the arc east or west of the
1:
2603:"CELESTIAL NAVIGATION COURSE"
2468:measurements of high-quality
2436:is the ability to resolve a
1546:Property cadastral surveying
1430:one minute of arc along the
1304:equatorial coordinate system
2891:"1/2020 Needles Lighthouse"
2628:"Astro Navigation Syllabus"
1612:imperial measurement system
1073:
1042:
1002:
945:
899:
227:of the radius, i.e. 0.2909
3470:
2798:10.1177/002182869402500203
2681:Understanding the Universe
1850:) ≈ 1.047 inches. In
1292:ecliptic coordinate system
709:These units originated in
518:turn, or complete rotation
76:"Minute and second of arc"
29:
18:
16:Units for measuring angles
3363:
2654:. Norinco. Archived from
1967:
1958:
1949:
1944:
1053:
1013:
956:
913:
865:
854:
786:
774:Symbols and abbreviations
267:
148:
3309:minute and second of arc
2388:1 mrad ≈ 3.44′, so
1869:M24 Sniper Weapon System
1638:are adjustable in half (
1507:of a degree) have about
1202:as observed from Earth.
599:, denoted by the symbol
472:, denoted by the symbol
3350:2019 revision of the SI
1341:allax angle of one arc
1337:, abbreviated from the
1172:) at a distance of one
2870:. Navigator Publishing
1936:
1591:
1408:Hubble Space Telescope
1298:as altitude (Alt) and
1283:
1210:Hubble Space Telescope
1143:an object of diameter
1132:an object of diameter
557:. A minute of arc is
500:. Since one degree is
2914:"Mil, MOA or inches?"
2893:. Notices to Mariners
2782:F. Richard Stephenson
2552:mathworld.wolfram.com
1930:
1581:
1354:European Space Agency
1280:
1136:at a distance of one
943:arcmin, amin, am, MOA
752:can be employed; the
480:measurement equal to
3452:Units of plane angle
3251:Other accepted units
2953:on 26 September 2006
1590:and minute of angle.
1088:celestial navigation
861:In radians, approx.
711:Babylonian astronomy
61:improve this article
3335:Conversion of units
2939:Wheeler, Robert E.
2920:on 10 November 2013
2842:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
2756:The Physics Teacher
2733:Scientific American
2546:Weisstein, Eric W.
2458:optical engineering
1941:
1614:because 1 MOA
1564:cardinal directions
1560:cadastral surveying
1483:reference ellipsoid
1460:figure of the Earth
1434:equals exactly one
1406:. For example, the
1404:diffraction limited
1327:binary star systems
1219:At crescent phase,
1182:Washington Monument
845:
843:angular measurement
520:, one arcminute is
262:... is equal to ...
165:General information
3128:with special names
2838:"Pluto Fact Sheet"
2658:on 24 January 2008
2482:optical comparator
1939:
1937:
1592:
1284:
1017:0.001 arcsecond =
837:
430:
422:
399:
391:
385:≈ 0.2909 mrad
365:
357:
332:
324:
316:
308:
281:
273:
3381:
3380:
3259:astronomical unit
3028:By Robert Simeone
2988:on 7 October 2011
2768:10.1119/1.2339739
2685:The Great Courses
2466:x ray diffraction
2379:
2378:
2125:0.0485 mrad
1636:telescopic sights
1458:arcs because the
1436:geographical mile
1302:(Az); and in the
1214:diffraction limit
1138:astronomical unit
1104:apparent diameter
1084:
1083:
763:square arcminutes
619:of an arcminute,
450:
449:
351:≈ 0.000290888 rad
247:Conversions
137:
136:
129:
111:
3459:
3434:
3433:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3371:
3370:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3040:
3035:by Steve Coffman
3013:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2984:. Archived from
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2946:. Archived from
2945:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2677:Filippenko, Alex
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2340:0.291 mrad
2310:
2309:
2305:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2253:0.145 mrad
2246:
2245:
2241:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2189:0.073 mrad
2182:
2181:
2177:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2093:0.036 mrad
2086:
2085:
2081:
2061:0.025 mrad
2054:
2053:
2049:
2029:0.024 mrad
2022:
2021:
2017:
1978:
1971:
1942:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1556:metes and bounds
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1393:angular diameter
1369:angular diameter
1263:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1135:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1047:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1009:
1007:
1000:arcsec, asec, as
990:
988:
987:
984:
981:
974:
972:
971:
968:
965:
952:
950:
931:
929:
928:
925:
922:
909:
904:
885:
883:
882:
879:
876:
846:
821:
817:
795:
791:
784:
705:
703:
702:
701:
699:
693:
690:
683:
681:
680:
679:
678:
672:
669:
668:
660:
658:
657:
656:
655:
652:
646:
643:
636:
634:
633:
632:
628:
625:
618:
616:
615:
612:
609:
602:
579:
577:
576:
575:
574:
568:
565:
564:
556:
554:
540:
538:
537:
536:
535:
529:
526:
515:
513:
512:
509:
506:
495:
493:
492:
489:
486:
475:
446:
444:
443:
440:
437:
431:
423:
415:
413:
412:
409:
406:
400:
392:
384:
382:
381:
378:
375:
373:
366:
358:
350:
348:
347:
344:
341:
340:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
297:
295:
294:
291:
288:
282:
274:
242:
240:
239:
236:
233:
226:
224:
223:
220:
217:
153:
141:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
3469:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3359:
3340:Metric prefixes
3323:
3245:
3127:
3120:
3072:
3067:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2868:Ocean Navigator
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2652:"Shipmate GN30"
2650:
2649:
2645:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2582:Inch Calculator
2576:
2575:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2532:
2490:
2478:
2454:
2440:separated by a
2438:spatial pattern
2430:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2285:0.15 mrad
2275:
2271:
2270:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2157:0.05 mrad
2147:
2143:
2142:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:0.0985 in
2051:
2047:
2046:
2038:0.0958 in
2019:
2015:
2014:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1946:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1873:quality control
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1608:minute of angle
1576:
1548:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1416:
1397:Adaptive optics
1383:, ground-based
1312:right ascension
1275:
1270:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1230:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1133:
1122:angle subtended
1100:
1098:Common examples
1076:
1074:
1060:
1058:
1054:Microarcsecond
1045:
1043:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:Milliarcsecond
1005:
1003:
985:
982:
979:
978:
976:
969:
966:
963:
962:
960:
948:
946:
926:
923:
920:
919:
917:
902:
900:
880:
877:
874:
873:
871:
819:
815:
793:
782:
776:
706:) of a radian.
697:
695:
694:
691:
688:
687:
685:
676:
674:
673:
670:
666:
665:
664:
662:
661:of a turn, and
653:
650:
648:
647:
644:
641:
640:
638:
630:
629:
626:
623:
622:
620:
613:
610:
607:
606:
604:
600:
572:
570:
569:
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
552:
550:
541:of a turn. The
533:
531:
530:
527:
524:
523:
521:
510:
507:
504:
503:
501:
490:
487:
484:
483:
481:
476:, is a unit of
473:
441:
438:
435:
434:
432:
429:
421:
410:
407:
404:
403:
401:
398:
390:
379:
376:
371:
370:
369:
367:
364:
356:
345:
342:
338:
337:
336:
334:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
292:
289:
286:
285:
283:
280:
272:
237:
234:
231:
230:
228:
221:
218:
215:
214:
212:
160:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3414:
3402:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:degree Celsius
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:Derived units
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3020:External links
3018:
3015:
3014:
2999:
2978:Varmint Hunter
2964:
2931:
2904:
2881:
2854:
2829:
2803:
2773:
2762:(8): 476–479.
2746:
2720:
2703:
2689:
2669:
2643:
2619:
2594:
2564:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2477:
2474:
2453:
2450:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:1.047 in
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:0.2 mrad
2315:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:14.54 mm
2254:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:0.1 mrad
2219:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:0.197 in
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2137:0.175 in
2135:
2134:0.192 in
2132:
2131:0.485 cm
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2105:0.131 in
2103:
2102:0.144 in
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2041:0.087 in
2039:
2036:
2035:0.242 cm
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1860:group of shots
1806:
1805:
1748:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1699:spotting scope
1584:7.62×51mm NATO
1575:
1572:
1547:
1544:
1479:Prime Meridian
1415:
1412:
1371:from Earth is
1296:horizon system
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1178:
1177:
1159:
1141:
1134:725.27 km
1126:U.S. dime coin
1099:
1096:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
958:
954:
953:
944:
941:
936:
933:
915:
911:
910:
898:
895:
890:
887:
869:
863:
862:
859:
858:Abbreviations
856:
853:
850:
775:
772:
758:microarcsecond
754:milliarcsecond
739:land surveying
448:
447:
427:
418:
417:
396:
387:
386:
362:
353:
352:
329:
320:
319:
313:
304:
303:
278:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
249:
248:
244:
243:
202:
198:
197:
196:, arcmin
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
162:
161:
154:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3465:
3464:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:degree of arc
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2932:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2792:(2): 99–110.
2791:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Square second
2512:
2510:
2509:Square minute
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2476:Manufacturing
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2462:rocking curve
2459:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2404: mrad ≈
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:1.15 in
2348:
2346:2.91 cm
2345:
2343:29.1 mm
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:0.72 in
2328:
2326:0.79 in
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2300:
2297:0.54 in
2296:
2294:0.59 in
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2269:
2268:
2265:0.52 in
2264:
2262:0.57 in
2261:
2259:1.45 cm
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2233:0.36 in
2232:
2230:0.39 in
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2201:0.26 in
2200:
2198:0.29 in
2197:
2195:0.73 cm
2194:
2192:7.27 mm
2191:
2188:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2169:0.18 in
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:4.85 mm
2127:
2124:
2121:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:0.36 cm
2098:
2096:3.64 mm
2095:
2092:
2089:
2077:
2076:
2073:0.09 in
2072:
2069:
2067:0.25 cm
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:2.42 mm
2031:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1896:
1892:
1891:metric system
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1757:
1753:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1670:) or eighth (
1637:
1633:
1629:
1628:target ranges
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:or any other
1453:
1452:meridian arcs
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:nautical mile
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:proper motion
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1160:
1157:
1142:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1052:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1016:
1012:
999:
996:
993:
959:
955:
942:
940:
937:
934:
916:
912:
908:
896:
894:
891:
888:
870:
868:
864:
860:
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
789:
781:
773:
771:
770:may be used.
769:
765:
764:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:ophthalmology
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
637:of a degree,
598:
595:(arcsec), or
594:
590:
589:second of arc
585:
583:
548:
544:
543:nautical mile
519:
499:
479:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:minute of arc
428:
426:
419:
397:
395:
388:
363:
361:
354:
330:
328:
321:
314:
312:
305:
279:
277:
270:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
251:
245:
211:of approx. ≈
210:
206:
205:Dimensionless
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
174:
172:
168:
163:
158:
152:
147:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
26:
22:
3308:
3284:electronvolt
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2986:the original
2981:
2977:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2948:the original
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:the original
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2816:
2806:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2656:the original
2646:
2638:
2631:. Retrieved
2622:
2614:
2607:. Retrieved
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:
2548:"Arc Second"
2479:
2472:thin films.
2455:
2442:visual angle
2434:20/20 vision
2431:
2428:Human vision
2375:3.6 in
2372:3.9 in
2366:100 mm
2363:1 mrad
2357:1 mrad
2291:1.5 cm
2163:0.5 cm
2064:2.5 mm
1922:
1917:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1867:Remington's
1863:
1856:
1852:metric units
1821:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1788:To adjust a
1749:
1736:To adjust a
1723:To adjust a
1710:To adjust a
1703:
1702:scopes that
1696:
1687:
1654:), quarter (
1607:
1593:
1567:
1549:
1468:
1462:is slightly
1456:great circle
1417:
1401:
1366:
1351:
1342:
1338:
1320:
1316:
1285:
1231:
1204:
1193:
1190:
1186:Eiffel Tower
1179:
1119:
1115:20/20 vision
1112:
1102:The average
1101:
1085:
1057:0.001 mas =
997:Double prime
975:arcminute =
831:
827:
813:double prime
810:
805:
801:
780:prime symbol
777:
767:
761:
757:
753:
747:
743:marksmanship
708:
596:
592:
588:
586:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
360:milliradians
261:
256:
180:Unit of
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3400:Mathematics
3031:A Guide to
2524:Milliradian
2432:In humans,
2369:10 cm
2320:20 mm
2311: mrad
2288:15 mm
2279: mrad
2224:10 mm
2215: mrad
2151: mrad
2055: mrad
1945:Increment,
1933:milliradian
1895:milliradian
1864:1 MOA rifle
1752:milliradian
1558:system and
1420:cartography
1414:Cartography
1358:astrometric
1308:declination
839:Sexagesimal
811:Similarly,
750:SI prefixes
715:sexagesimal
171:Unit system
25:milliradian
3078:Base units
2662:4 November
2633:4 November
2609:4 November
2530:References
2323:2 cm
2227:1 cm
2160:5 mm
1884:confidence
1632:subtension
1554:using the
1424:navigation
1385:telescopes
1360:satellite
1347:reciprocal
1234:Babylonian
1170:.7 km
1156:light-year
1092:marine GPS
1079: prad
1048: nrad
1008: μrad
957:Arcsecond
951: μrad
914:Arcminute
841:system of
756:(mas) and
735:navigation
597:arc second
547:arc length
470:minute arc
466:arc minute
311:arcseconds
209:arc length
117:March 2022
87:newspapers
3424:Astronomy
3221:steradian
3136:becquerel
3026:MOA/ mils
2847:29 August
2557:31 August
2519:Steradian
2470:epitaxial
2464:(ω-scan)
2452:Materials
1947:or click
1600:precision
1552:surveying
1475:longitude
1428:sea level
1377:red giant
1373:R Doradus
1290:: in the
1288:astronomy
1273:Astronomy
1241:Sumerians
1237:astronomy
1108:full Moon
1064:arcsecond
723:optometry
719:astronomy
593:arcsecond
555: nmi
458:arcminute
144:Arcminute
3446:Category
3373:Category
3328:See also
3101:kilogram
3070:SI units
2924:13 April
2874:22 March
2822:31 March
2817:BBC News
2488:See also
1918:mil-dots
1756:base ten
1616:subtends
1596:firearms
1574:Firearms
1471:latitude
1446:; 1.151
1381:blurring
1331:parallax
1245:full day
1198:'s moon
1184:and the
1152: km
298:° = 0.01
207:with an
201:In units
3436:Science
3412:Physics
3386:Portals
3289:hectare
3274:decibel
3216:sievert
3211:siemens
3141:coulomb
3091:candela
2739:25 July
2587:25 July
2494:Gradian
2418:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2360:3.438′
2314:0.688′
2306:⁄
2282:0.516′
2274:⁄
2242:⁄
2218:0.344′
2210:⁄
2178:⁄
2154:0.172′
2146:⁄
2122:0.167′
2114:⁄
2090:0.125′
2082:⁄
2058:0.086′
2050:⁄
2026:0.083′
2018:⁄
1963:radians
1935:(mrad).
1913:reticle
1902:⁄
1880:sub-MOA
1848:
1836:
1832:
1818:
1802:
1790:
1779:⁄
1772:
1760:
1741:⁄
1728:⁄
1715:⁄
1692:zeroing
1684:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1630:. The
1539:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1491:
1442:(1,852
1432:equator
1300:azimuth
1262:
1250:
1228:History
1196:Neptune
1154:at one
1106:of the
1031:
1028:3600000
1019:
989:
977:
973:
961:
947:290.888
930:
918:
884:
872:
855:Symbol
768:seconds
704:
686:
684:(about
682:
663:
659:
639:
635:
621:
617:
605:
578:
559:
539:
522:
514:
502:
496:of one
494:
482:
478:angular
445:
433:
416:= 0.015
414:
402:
383:
368:
349:
335:
327:radians
296:
284:
276:degrees
252:1
241:
229:
225:
213:
101:scholar
3304:minute
3264:dalton
3206:radian
3201:pascal
3191:newton
3116:second
3096:kelvin
3086:ampere
3009:. See
2992:21 May
2957:21 May
2897:24 May
2186:0.25′
1977:
1975:At 100
1970:
1968:At 100
1961:milli-
1954:of arc
1784:MOA).
1688:clicks
1620:inches
1604:rifles
1464:oblate
1444:metres
1335:parsec
1329:; and
1200:Triton
1174:parsec
1033:degree
991:degree
932:degree
905:
901:17.453
893:Degree
867:Degree
852:Value
828:arcsec
802:arcmin
741:, and
731:optics
582:radian
498:degree
462:arcmin
257:in ...
216:0.2909
190:Symbol
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
21:radian
3319:tonne
3314:neper
3299:litre
3241:weber
3226:tesla
3181:lumen
3176:katal
3171:joule
3166:hertz
3161:henry
3151:farad
3106:metre
2951:(PDF)
2944:(PDF)
2337:1.0′
2250:0.5′
1952:mins
1704:click
1624:yards
1448:miles
1426:. At
1389:Pluto
1221:Venus
1124:by a
1075:4.848
1059:0.000
1044:4.848
1004:4.848
939:Prime
849:Unit
824:ASCII
798:ASCII
603:, is
580:of a
516:of a
468:, or
442:21600
425:turns
380:10800
374:·1000
346:10800
184:Angle
108:JSTOR
94:books
3294:hour
3236:watt
3231:volt
3156:gray
3111:mole
3011:Talk
2994:2009
2959:2009
2926:2015
2899:2020
2876:2017
2849:2022
2824:2018
2741:2021
2683:(of
2664:2010
2635:2010
2611:2010
2589:2021
2559:2020
2446:feet
2048:0.25
1904:1000
1889:The
1588:mrad
1535:3600
1501:1000
1487:base
1422:and
1375:, a
1362:Gaia
1352:The
1268:Uses
1077:1368
1046:1368
1006:1368
986:3600
949:2087
907:mrad
903:2925
886:turn
832:asec
806:amin
790:2032
778:The
631:3600
394:gons
222:1000
80:news
23:and
3269:day
3196:ohm
3186:lux
2794:doi
2764:doi
2334:1′
2272:1.5
2144:0.5
1979:yd
1602:of
1356:'s
1343:sec
1339:par
1306:as
1168:870
1165:597
1163:149
1150:916
1147:866
1086:In
1071:μas
1061:001
1040:mas
897:deg
881:360
830:or
804:or
766:or
713:as
698:264
696:206
677:000
675:648
654:000
651:296
573:800
553:600
534:600
511:360
464:),
411:600
318:60″
63:by
3448::
2982:69
2980:.
2976:.
2866:.
2840:.
2815:.
2790:25
2788:.
2760:15
2758:.
2731:.
2706:^
2679:,
2637:.
2613:.
2580:.
2567:^
2550:.
2538:^
2399:10
2308:10
2276:10
2247:′
2212:10
2183:′
2148:10
2119:′
2087:′
2052:10
2023:′
2020:12
2009:)
2007:in
2002:)
2000:in
1995:)
1993:cm
1988:)
1986:mm
1972:m
1965:)
1956:)
1920:.
1875:.
1845:60
1829:60
1799:10
1769:10
1690:,
1259:15
1188:.
1145:45
1117:.
970:60
927:60
834:.
808:.
788:U+
745:.
737:,
733:,
729:,
725:,
721:,
700:.8
614:60
591:,
587:A
584:.
571:10
551:21
532:21
491:60
456:,
452:A
293:60
232:mm
3388::
3062:e
3055:t
3048:v
2996:.
2961:.
2928:.
2901:.
2878:.
2851:.
2826:.
2800:.
2796::
2770:.
2766::
2743:.
2717:.
2700:.
2666:.
2591:.
2561:.
2420:′
2415:3
2412:/
2409:1
2396:/
2393:1
2304:2
2244:2
2240:1
2208:1
2180:4
2176:1
2116:6
2112:1
2084:8
2080:1
2016:1
2005:(
1998:(
1991:(
1984:(
1959:(
1950:(
1909:π
1900:1
1842:/
1839:1
1826:/
1822:m
1814:m
1796:/
1793:1
1781:3
1777:1
1766:/
1763:1
1743:8
1739:1
1730:4
1726:1
1717:2
1713:1
1681:8
1678:/
1675:1
1665:4
1662:/
1659:1
1649:2
1646:/
1643:1
1531:/
1528:1
1518:4
1515:/
1512:1
1497:/
1494:1
1256:/
1253:1
1216:.
1158:,
1140:,
1025:/
1022:1
994:″
983:/
980:1
967:/
964:1
935:′
924:/
921:1
889:°
878:/
875:1
820:"
816:″
794:'
785:(
783:′
692:/
689:1
671:/
667:π
649:1
645:/
642:1
627:/
624:1
611:/
608:1
601:″
567:/
563:π
528:/
525:1
508:/
505:1
488:/
485:1
474:′
460:(
439:/
436:1
408:/
405:9
377:/
372:π
343:/
339:π
302:°
300:6
290:/
287:1
254:′
238:m
235:/
219:/
194:′
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
