3418:
1329:
minutes of arc per minute of time (360 degrees / 24 hours in day); the Earth's rotational rate around the Sun (not entirely constant) is roughly 24 minutes of time per minute of arc (from 24 hours in day), which tracks the annual progression of the Zodiac. Both of these factor in what astronomical objects you can see from surface telescopes (time of year) and when you can best see them (time of day), but neither are in unit correspondence. For simplicity, the explanations given assume a degree/day in the Earth's annual rotation around the Sun, which is off by roughly 1%. The same ratios hold for seconds, due to the consistent factor of 60 on both sides.
1590:
1893:, meaning a gun consistently shooting groups under 1 MOA. This means that a single group of 3 to 5 shots at 100 yards, or the average of several groups, will measure less than 1 MOA between the two furthest shots in the group, i.e. all shots fall within 1 MOA. If larger samples are taken (i.e., more shots per group) then group size typically increases, however this will ultimately average out. If a rifle was truly a 1 MOA rifle, it would be just as likely that two consecutive shots land exactly on top of each other as that they land 1 MOA apart. For 5-shot groups, based on 95%
1289:
1820:
known as the
Shooter's MOA (SMOA) or Inches Per Hundred Yards (IPHY). While the difference between one true MOA and one SMOA is less than half of an inch even at 1000 yards, this error compounds significantly on longer range shots that may require adjustment upwards of 20–30 MOA to compensate for the bullet drop. If a shot requires an adjustment of 20 MOA or more, the difference between true MOA and SMOA will add up to 1 inch or more. In competitive target shooting, this might mean the difference between a hit and a miss.
3406:
1577:. A boundary "mete" is described with a beginning reference point, the cardinal direction North or South followed by an angle less than 90 degrees and a second cardinal direction, and a linear distance. The boundary runs the specified linear distance from the beginning point, the direction of the distance being determined by rotating the first cardinal direction the specified angle toward the second cardinal direction. For example,
1939:
3442:
162:
3380:
54:
1897:, a rifle that normally shoots 1 MOA can be expected to shoot groups between 0.58 MOA and 1.47 MOA, although the majority of these groups will be under 1 MOA. What this means in practice is if a rifle that shoots 1-inch groups on average at 100 yards shoots a group measuring 0.7 inches followed by a group that is 1.3 inches, this is not statistically abnormal.
3430:
1926:
is at a range that is in metres equal to the object's size in millimetres (e.g. an object of 100 mm subtending 1 mrad is 100 metres away). So there is no conversion factor required, contrary to the MOA system. A reticle with markings (hashes or dots) spaced with a one mrad apart (or a fraction
1868:
Sometimes, a precision-oriented firearm's performance will be measured in MOA. This simply means that under ideal conditions (i.e. no wind, high-grade ammo, clean barrel, and a stable mounting platform such as a vise or a benchrest used to eliminate shooter error), the gun is capable of producing a
1292:
Comparison of angular diameter of the Sun, Moon, planets and the
International Space Station. True representation of the sizes is achieved when the image is viewed at a distance of 103 times the width of the "Moon: max." circle. For example, if the "Moon: max." circle is 10 cm wide on a
1819:
One thing to be aware of is that some MOA scopes, including some higher-end models, are calibrated such that an adjustment of 1 MOA on the scope knobs corresponds to exactly 1 inch of impact adjustment on a target at 100 yards, rather than the mathematically correct 1.047 inches. This is commonly
1712:
with a calibrated reticle, or a target delineated for such purposes), the scope needs to be adjusted 3 MOA down, and 1.5 MOA right. Such adjustments are trivial when the scope's adjustment dials have a MOA scale printed on them, and even figuring the right number of clicks is relatively easy on
1328:
Contrary to what one might assume, minutes and seconds of arc do not directly relate to minutes and seconds of time, in either the rotational frame of the Earth around its own axis (day), or the Earth's rotational frame around the Sun (year). The Earth's rotational rate around its own axis is 15
1877:
should be capable, under ideal conditions, of repeatably shooting 1-inch groups at 100 yards. Most higher-end rifles are warrantied by their manufacturer to shoot under a given MOA threshold (typically 1 MOA or better) with specific ammunition and no error on the shooter's part. For example,
1258:
into 360 degrees. Each degree was subdivided into 60 minutes and each minute into 60 seconds. Thus, one
Babylonian degree was equal to four minutes in modern terminology, one Babylonian minute to four modern seconds, and one Babylonian second to
1344:, the small change of position of a star or Solar System body as the Earth revolves about the Sun. These small angles may also be written in milliarcseconds (mas), or thousandths of an arcsecond. The unit of distance called the
1552:
of a degree) and specify locations within about 120 metres (390 feet). For navigational purposes positions are given in degrees and decimal minutes, for instance The
Needles lighthouse is at 50º 39.734’N 001º 35.500’W.
1101:, seconds of arc are rarely used in calculations, the preference usually being for degrees, minutes, and decimals of a minute, for example, written as 42° 25.32′ or 42° 25.322′. This notation has been carried over into
1934:
In the table below conversions from mrad to metric values are exact (e.g. 0.1 mrad equals exactly 10 mm at 100 metres), while conversions of minutes of arc to both metric and imperial values are approximate.
1918:
of the target range, laid out on a circle that has the observer as centre and the target range as radius. The number of milliradians on a full such circle therefore always is equal to 2 ×
1332:
The arcsecond is also often used to describe small astronomical angles such as the angular diameters of planets (e.g. the angular diameter of Venus which varies between 10″ and 60″); the
2491:
Some measurement devices make use of arcminutes and arcseconds to measure angles when the object being measured is too small for direct visual inspection. For instance, a toolmaker's
1815: mrad scope 0.9 mrad down and 0.4 mrad right, the scope needs to be adjusted 9 clicks down and 4 clicks right (which equals approximately 3 and 1.5 MOA respectively).
2662:
1500:-60 for minutes and seconds, positions are frequently expressed as decimal fractional degrees to an equal amount of precision. Degrees given to three decimal places (
1873:
whose center points (center-to-center) fit into a circle, the average diameter of circles in several groups can be subtended by that amount of arc. For example, a
1645:
is linear with the distance, for example, at 500 yards, 1 MOA subtends 5.235 inches, and at 1000 yards 1 MOA subtends 10.47 inches. Since many modern
3355:
1708:
For example, if the point of impact is 3 inches high and 1.5 inches left of the point of aim at 100 yards (which for instance could be measured by using a
2626:
It is a straightforward method and requires no mathematical calculation beyond addition and subtraction of degrees and minutes and decimals of minutes
71:
2984:
2924:
3417:
1398:
will smear the image of a star to an angular diameter of about 0.5″; in poor conditions this increases to 1.5″ or even more. The dwarf planet
1202:
One microarcsecond is about the size of a period at the end of a sentence in the Apollo mission manuals left on the Moon as seen from Earth.
1845:) × distance. In the example previously given, for 1 minute of arc, and substituting 3,600 inches for 100 yards, 3,600 tan(
1581:
would describe a line running from the starting point 85.69 feet in a direction 65° 39′ 18″ (or 65.655°) away from north toward the west.
170:(with a diameter of 22 cm or 8.7 in) subtends an angle of 1 arcminute at a distance of approximately 756 m (827 yd).
118:
3071:
90:
137:
1922:× 1000, regardless the target range. Therefore, 1 MOA ≈ 0.2909 mrad. This means that an object which spans 1 mrad on the
3261:
97:
2874:
2666:
2650:
are sometimes in seconds of arc, which will need to be converted to decimal minutes when you include them in your calculation.
42:
3365:
181:
75:
1589:
1757:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 x 8 = 24 clicks down and 1.5 × 8 = 12 clicks right
3462:
3080:
3021:
2951:
1744:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 x 4 = 12 clicks down and 1.5 × 4 = 6 clicks right
104:
3396:
1731:
MOA scope 3 MOA down and 1.5 MOA right, the scope needs to be adjusted 3 × 2 = 6 clicks down and 1.5 x 2 = 3 clicks right
1124:
One arcminute is the approximate distance two contours can be separated by, and still be distinguished by, a person with
1314:
1306:
2739:
1622:
1223:
has calculational resolution of 0.05 arcseconds and actual resolution of almost 0.1 arcseconds, which is close to the
167:
86:
3036:
1302:
64:
1461:). A second of arc, one sixtieth of this amount, is roughly 30 metres (98 feet). The exact distance varies along
1136:
1102:
1243:
The concepts of degrees, minutes, and seconds—as they relate to the measure of both angles and time—derive from
1879:
1288:
2901:
3360:
1449:(not to be confused with international mile or statute mile) along the Earth's equator or approximately one
1139:(18 mm) at a distance of 4 kilometres (about 2.5 mi). An arcsecond is also the angle subtended by
1293:
computer display, viewing it from 10.3 m (11.3 yards) away will show true representation of the sizes.
1105:
and aviation GPS receivers, which normally display latitude and longitude in the latter format by default.
3064:
1610:
1418:
1357:
1356:
ond, was developed for such parallax measurements. The distance from the Sun to a celestial object is the
1220:
215:
2740:"Why is a minute divided into 60 seconds, an hour into 60 minutes, yet there are only 24 hours in a day?"
2725:
2792:
1364:
3405:
2996:
2928:
771:(μas), for instance, are commonly used in astronomy. For a three-dimensional area such as on a sphere,
1191:
One milliarcsecond is about the size of a half dollar, seen from a distance equal to that between the
728:(base 60) subdivisions of the degree; they are used in fields that involve very small angles, such as
111:
2524:
1247:
1098:
721:
3345:
2468:
1894:
1570:
1493:
1470:
1391:
1254:, the ancient Babylonians divided the Sun's perceived motion across the sky over the course of one
1192:
3410:
2848:
2492:
2471:, is usually measured in arcminutes or arcseconds. In addition, arcseconds are sometimes used in
1574:
1337:
2638:
1325:(RA) in equatorial coordinates, which is measured in time units of hours, minutes, and seconds.
3043:
2708:
1637:(2.66 cm at 91 m or 2.908 cm at 100 m), a traditional distance on American
3383:
3269:
3057:
2687:
2588:
2476:
1594:
1446:
1414:
1224:
1148:
773:
2396:
1′ ≈ 0.291 mrad (or 29.1 mm at 100 m, approximately 30 mm at 100 m)
1927:
of a mrad) are collectively called a mrad reticle. If the markings are round they are called
560:
of a minute of latitude on a spherical Earth, so the actual Earth circumference is very near
3434:
2804:
2774:
1646:
1566:
1403:
1379:
1360:
of the angle, measured in arcseconds, of the object's apparent movement caused by parallax.
1114:
3136:
2448:
1883:
1621:(MOA). It is especially popular as a unit of measurement with shooters familiar with the
1474:
1407:
1322:
1132:
528:
2434:
0.1 mrad equals exactly 1 cm at 100 m, or exactly 0.36 inches at 100 yards
1321:(δ). All are measured in degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds. The principal exception is
837:
characters are permitted. One arcsecond is thus written as 1″. It is also abbreviated as
811:
characters are permitted. One arcminute is thus written as 1′. It is also abbreviated as
2823:
1938:
3446:
3422:
3289:
3221:
2509:
1709:
1638:
1489:
949:
877:
790:
749:
553:
508:
286:
264:
204:
161:
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3350:
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3211:
3201:
2519:
2472:
2444:
1962:
1901:
1870:
1450:
1333:
1210:
1125:
903:
737:
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3171:
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1573:
relies on fractions of a degree to describe property lines' angles in reference to
1466:
1462:
1372:
1196:
823:
753:
557:
488:
1496:
can be precisely given with this method. However, when it is inconvenient to use
1480:
Positions are traditionally given using degrees, minutes, and seconds of arcs for
2698:, on DVD), Lecture 43, time 12:05, The Teaching Company, Chantilly, VA, US, 2007.
3166:
3121:
2534:
2514:
2456:
1971:
1943:
1905:
1762:
1598:
1430:
1318:
917:
849:
760:
725:
435:
370:
53:
35:
2958:
2808:
2746:. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. 5 March 2008
2613:
2558:
1410:, for example, can produce images around 0.05″ on a 10 m class telescope.
1375:, launched in 2013, can approximate star positions to 7 microarcseconds (μas).
2003:
1996:
1642:
1626:
1434:
1368:
1166:
745:
404:
219:
1705:
and adjustments are made by counting 2, 4 and 8 clicks per MOA respectively.
3231:
3146:
2529:
1562:
1485:
1438:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1298:
1255:
1244:
1118:
733:
729:
321:
3111:
1481:
1341:
17:
3018:
Dexadine
Ballistics Software – ballistic data for shooting and reloading
1889:
Rifle manufacturers and gun magazines often refer to this capability as
3299:
3284:
3226:
3156:
3151:
3101:
2504:
2480:
1923:
1766:
1702:
1606:
1442:
1310:
1206:
798:
166:
An illustration of the size of an arcminute (not to scale). A standard
2778:
3314:
3216:
3126:
3106:
3096:
2467:
The deviation from parallelism between two surfaces, for instance in
1717:
in fractions of MOA. This makes zeroing and adjustments much easier:
1345:
1184:
741:
592:
337:
31:
1882:
is required to shoot 0.8 MOA or better, or be rejected from sale by
1765:(mrad). Zeroing an mrad based scope is easy for users familiar with
1413:
Space telescopes are not affected by the Earth's atmosphere but are
1406:
is about 0.1″. Techniques exist for improving seeing on the ground.
3329:
3324:
3309:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3161:
3116:
3017:
2495:
will often include an option to measure in "minutes and seconds".
1937:
1769:
systems. The most common adjustment value in mrad based scopes is
1614:
1588:
1497:
1454:
1399:
1287:
1251:
1231:
853:
834:
808:
194:
3304:
3246:
3241:
2017:
2010:
1634:
1630:
1458:
1390:
with a diameter of 0.05″. Because of the effects of atmospheric
3053:
1297:
Since antiquity, the arcminute and arcsecond have been used in
3279:
3206:
3196:
2795:; Louay J. Fatoohi (May 1994). "The Babylonian Unit of Time".
1827:
minutes of arc can be calculated as follows: group size = tan(
1761:
Another common system of measurement in firearm scopes is the
47:
2765:
Correll, Malcolm (November 1977). "Early Time
Measurements".
3049:
829:(U+2033) designates the arcsecond, though a double quote
2985:"Group Therapy The Problem: How accurate is your rifle?"
1421:
can reach an angular size of stars down to about 0.1″.
3394:
1609:
industry and literature, particularly concerning the
1579:
North 65° 39′ 18″ West 85.69 feet
41:"Arcsec" redirects here. For arcsecant function, see
2900:
1429:
Minutes (′) and seconds (″) of arc are also used in
3338:
3260:
3135:
3087:
1597:load. Bullet drop and wind drift are shown both in
431:
400:
366:
333:
317:
282:
257:
211:
200:
190:
180:
175:
154:
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2459:. A 20/20 letter subtends 5 minutes of arc total.
1205:One nanoarcsecond is about the size of a penny on
803:) designates the arcminute, though a single quote
1951:Conversion of various sight adjustment increment
1484:, the arc north or south of the equator, and for
1216:Also notable examples of size in arcseconds are:
2455:of one minute of arc, from a distance of twenty
1633:(which is often rounded to just 1 inch) at 100
1477:(bulges a third of a percent at the equator).
1378:Apart from the Sun, the star with the largest
3065:
1172:an object of diameter one astronomical unit (
8:
1402:has proven difficult to resolve because its
1234:measures between 60.2 and 66 seconds of arc.
3356:Historical definitions of the SI base units
2952:"Statistical notes on rifle group patterns"
3072:
3058:
3050:
1561:Related to cartography, property boundary
1534:the precision of degrees-minutes-seconds (
1336:of stars; the separation of components of
1305:as latitude (β) and longitude (λ); in the
1275:(approximately 0.067) of a modern second.
160:
151:
2875:"Nautical mile approximates an arcminute"
1865:1 MOA at 100 metres ≈ 2.908 centimetres.
759:To express even smaller angles, standard
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
2824:"Celestial mapper plots a billion stars"
2709:"Cosmic Distance Scales - The Milky Way"
1949:
847:
3401:
2546:
1605:The arcminute is commonly found in the
1492:. Any position on or above the Earth's
2927:. Shooting Illustrated. Archived from
2726:"The Diffraction Limit of a Telescope"
1942:Comparison of minute of arc (MOA) and
1823:The physical group size equivalent to
1617:, though the industry refers to it as
2589:"Minutes of Arc to Degree Conversion"
2393:1′ at 100 yards is about 1.047 inches
833:(U+0022) is commonly used where only
807:(U+0027) is commonly used where only
7:
2873:Kaplan, George H. (1 January 2003).
2822:Amos, Jonathan (14 September 2016).
2797:Journal for the History of Astronomy
2720:
2718:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2552:
2550:
1593:Example ballistic table for a given
1250:and time-keeping. Influenced by the
556:(nmi) was originally defined as the
76:adding citations to reliable sources
1187:, per the definition of the latter.
3044:calculate distance using MOA Scope
2923:Mann, Richard (18 February 2011).
2510:Degree (angle) § Subdivisions
1629:a circle with a diameter of 1.047
1121:is about 31 arcminutes, or 0.52°.
168:association football (soccer) ball
25:
2983:Bramwell, Denton (January 2009).
2616:. International Navigation School
1131:One arcsecond is the approximate
261:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3379:
3378:
1908:(mrad or 'mil'), being equal to
1697:) MOA increments, also known as
186:Non-SI units mentioned in the SI
52:
2515:Sexagesimal § Modern usage
1785: mrad (which approximates
63:needs additional citations for
43:Inverse trigonometric functions
30:For the SI units of angle, see
3366:System of units of measurement
1904:counterpart of the MOA is the
1488:, the arc east or west of the
1:
2614:"CELESTIAL NAVIGATION COURSE"
2479:measurements of high-quality
2447:is the ability to resolve a
1557:Property cadastral surveying
1441:one minute of arc along the
1315:equatorial coordinate system
2902:"1/2020 Needles Lighthouse"
2639:"Astro Navigation Syllabus"
1623:imperial measurement system
1084:
1053:
1013:
956:
910:
238:of the radius, i.e. 0.2909
3479:
2809:10.1177/002182869402500203
2692:Understanding the Universe
1861:) ≈ 1.047 inches. In
1303:ecliptic coordinate system
720:These units originated in
529:turn, or complete rotation
87:"Minute and second of arc"
40:
29:
27:Units for measuring angles
3374:
2665:. Norinco. Archived from
1978:
1969:
1960:
1955:
1064:
1024:
967:
924:
876:
865:
797:
785:Symbols and abbreviations
278:
159:
3320:minute and second of arc
2399:1 mrad ≈ 3.44′, so
1880:M24 Sniper Weapon System
1649:are adjustable in half (
1518:of a degree) have about
1213:as observed from Earth.
610:, denoted by the symbol
483:, denoted by the symbol
3361:2019 revision of the SI
1352:allax angle of one arc
1348:, abbreviated from the
1183:) at a distance of one
2881:. Navigator Publishing
1947:
1602:
1419:Hubble Space Telescope
1309:as altitude (Alt) and
1294:
1221:Hubble Space Telescope
1154:an object of diameter
1143:an object of diameter
568:. A minute of arc is
511:. Since one degree is
2925:"Mil, MOA or inches?"
2904:. Notices to Mariners
2793:F. Richard Stephenson
2563:mathworld.wolfram.com
1941:
1592:
1365:European Space Agency
1291:
1147:at a distance of one
954:arcmin, amin, am, MOA
763:can be employed; the
491:measurement equal to
3463:Units of plane angle
3262:Other accepted units
2964:on 26 September 2006
1601:and minute of angle.
1099:celestial navigation
872:In radians, approx.
722:Babylonian astronomy
72:improve this article
3346:Conversion of units
2950:Wheeler, Robert E.
2931:on 10 November 2013
2853:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
2767:The Physics Teacher
2744:Scientific American
2557:Weisstein, Eric W.
2469:optical engineering
1952:
1625:because 1 MOA
1575:cardinal directions
1571:cadastral surveying
1494:reference ellipsoid
1471:figure of the Earth
1445:equals exactly one
1417:. For example, the
1415:diffraction limited
1338:binary star systems
1230:At crescent phase,
1193:Washington Monument
856:
854:angular measurement
531:, one arcminute is
273:... is equal to ...
176:General information
3139:with special names
2849:"Pluto Fact Sheet"
2669:on 24 January 2008
2493:optical comparator
1950:
1948:
1603:
1295:
1028:0.001 arcsecond =
848:
441:
433:
410:
402:
396:≈ 0.2909 mrad
376:
368:
343:
335:
327:
319:
292:
284:
3392:
3391:
3270:astronomical unit
3039:By Robert Simeone
2999:on 7 October 2011
2779:10.1119/1.2339739
2696:The Great Courses
2477:x ray diffraction
2390:
2389:
2136:0.0485 mrad
1647:telescopic sights
1469:arcs because the
1447:geographical mile
1313:(Az); and in the
1225:diffraction limit
1149:astronomical unit
1115:apparent diameter
1095:
1094:
774:square arcminutes
630:of an arcminute,
461:
460:
362:≈ 0.000290888 rad
258:Conversions
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
3470:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3382:
3381:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3051:
3046:by Steve Coffman
3024:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2995:. Archived from
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2957:. Archived from
2956:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2688:Filippenko, Alex
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2351:0.291 mrad
2321:
2320:
2316:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2264:0.145 mrad
2257:
2256:
2252:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2200:0.073 mrad
2193:
2192:
2188:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2104:0.036 mrad
2097:
2096:
2092:
2072:0.025 mrad
2065:
2064:
2060:
2040:0.024 mrad
2033:
2032:
2028:
1989:
1982:
1953:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1567:metes and bounds
1551:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1404:angular diameter
1380:angular diameter
1274:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1146:
1091:
1089:
1074:
1073:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1020:
1018:
1011:arcsec, asec, as
1001:
999:
998:
995:
992:
985:
983:
982:
979:
976:
963:
961:
942:
940:
939:
936:
933:
920:
915:
896:
894:
893:
890:
887:
857:
832:
828:
806:
802:
795:
716:
714:
713:
712:
710:
704:
701:
694:
692:
691:
690:
689:
683:
680:
679:
671:
669:
668:
667:
666:
663:
657:
654:
647:
645:
644:
643:
639:
636:
629:
627:
626:
623:
620:
613:
590:
588:
587:
586:
585:
579:
576:
575:
567:
565:
551:
549:
548:
547:
546:
540:
537:
526:
524:
523:
520:
517:
506:
504:
503:
500:
497:
486:
457:
455:
454:
451:
448:
442:
434:
426:
424:
423:
420:
417:
411:
403:
395:
393:
392:
389:
386:
384:
377:
369:
361:
359:
358:
355:
352:
351:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
308:
306:
305:
302:
299:
293:
285:
253:
251:
250:
247:
244:
237:
235:
234:
231:
228:
164:
152:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3415:
3403:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3370:
3351:Metric prefixes
3334:
3256:
3138:
3131:
3083:
3078:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2879:Ocean Navigator
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2663:"Shipmate GN30"
2661:
2660:
2656:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2593:Inch Calculator
2587:
2586:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2501:
2489:
2465:
2451:separated by a
2449:spatial pattern
2441:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2296:0.15 mrad
2286:
2282:
2281:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2168:0.05 mrad
2158:
2154:
2153:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:0.0985 in
2062:
2058:
2057:
2049:0.0958 in
2030:
2026:
2025:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1957:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1884:quality control
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1619:minute of angle
1587:
1559:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1427:
1408:Adaptive optics
1394:, ground-based
1323:right ascension
1286:
1281:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1241:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1133:angle subtended
1111:
1109:Common examples
1087:
1085:
1071:
1069:
1065:Microarcsecond
1056:
1054:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1025:Milliarcsecond
1016:
1014:
996:
993:
990:
989:
987:
980:
977:
974:
973:
971:
959:
957:
937:
934:
931:
930:
928:
913:
911:
891:
888:
885:
884:
882:
830:
826:
804:
793:
787:
717:) of a radian.
708:
706:
705:
702:
699:
698:
696:
687:
685:
684:
681:
677:
676:
675:
673:
672:of a turn, and
664:
661:
659:
658:
655:
652:
651:
649:
641:
640:
637:
634:
633:
631:
624:
621:
618:
617:
615:
611:
583:
581:
580:
577:
573:
572:
571:
569:
563:
561:
552:of a turn. The
544:
542:
541:
538:
535:
534:
532:
521:
518:
515:
514:
512:
501:
498:
495:
494:
492:
487:, is a unit of
484:
452:
449:
446:
445:
443:
440:
432:
421:
418:
415:
414:
412:
409:
401:
390:
387:
382:
381:
380:
378:
375:
367:
356:
353:
349:
348:
347:
345:
342:
334:
326:
318:
310:
303:
300:
297:
296:
294:
291:
283:
248:
245:
242:
241:
239:
232:
229:
226:
225:
223:
171:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:degree Celsius
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:Derived units
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3031:External links
3029:
3026:
3025:
3010:
2989:Varmint Hunter
2975:
2942:
2915:
2892:
2865:
2840:
2814:
2784:
2773:(8): 476–479.
2757:
2731:
2714:
2700:
2680:
2654:
2630:
2605:
2575:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2488:
2485:
2464:
2461:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2363:1.047 in
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2328:0.2 mrad
2326:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:14.54 mm
2265:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:0.1 mrad
2230:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:0.197 in
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2148:0.175 in
2146:
2145:0.192 in
2143:
2142:0.485 cm
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2116:0.131 in
2114:
2113:0.144 in
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2052:0.087 in
2050:
2047:
2046:0.242 cm
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1871:group of shots
1817:
1816:
1759:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1710:spotting scope
1595:7.62×51mm NATO
1586:
1583:
1558:
1555:
1490:Prime Meridian
1426:
1423:
1382:from Earth is
1307:horizon system
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1189:
1188:
1170:
1152:
1145:725.27 km
1137:U.S. dime coin
1110:
1107:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
969:
965:
964:
955:
952:
947:
944:
926:
922:
921:
909:
906:
901:
898:
880:
874:
873:
870:
869:Abbreviations
867:
864:
861:
786:
783:
769:microarcsecond
765:milliarcsecond
750:land surveying
459:
458:
438:
429:
428:
407:
398:
397:
373:
364:
363:
340:
331:
330:
324:
315:
314:
289:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
260:
259:
255:
254:
213:
209:
208:
207:, arcmin
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
165:
157:
156:
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3475:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:degree of arc
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3011:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2803:(2): 99–110.
2802:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Square second
2523:
2521:
2520:Square minute
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2487:Manufacturing
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:rocking curve
2470:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2415: mrad ≈
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:1.15 in
2359:
2357:2.91 cm
2356:
2354:29.1 mm
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:0.72 in
2339:
2337:0.79 in
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2308:0.54 in
2307:
2305:0.59 in
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2276:0.52 in
2275:
2273:0.57 in
2272:
2270:1.45 cm
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2244:0.36 in
2243:
2241:0.39 in
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2212:0.26 in
2211:
2209:0.29 in
2208:
2206:0.73 cm
2205:
2203:7.27 mm
2202:
2199:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2180:0.18 in
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:4.85 mm
2138:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:0.36 cm
2109:
2107:3.64 mm
2106:
2103:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2084:0.09 in
2083:
2080:
2078:0.25 cm
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:2.42 mm
2042:
2039:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1975:
1966:
1954:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1907:
1903:
1902:metric system
1898:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1764:
1746:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1681:) or eighth (
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:target ranges
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:or any other
1464:
1463:meridian arcs
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:nautical mile
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:proper motion
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1171:
1168:
1153:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1063:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1027:
1023:
1010:
1007:
1004:
970:
966:
953:
951:
948:
945:
927:
923:
919:
907:
905:
902:
899:
881:
879:
875:
871:
868:
862:
859:
858:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
800:
792:
784:
782:
781:may be used.
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:ophthalmology
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
648:of a degree,
609:
606:(arcsec), or
605:
601:
600:second of arc
596:
594:
559:
555:
554:nautical mile
530:
510:
490:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:minute of arc
439:
437:
430:
408:
406:
399:
374:
372:
365:
341:
339:
332:
325:
323:
316:
290:
288:
281:
277:
274:
271:
269:
266:
262:
256:
222:of approx. ≈
221:
217:
216:Dimensionless
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
174:
169:
163:
158:
153:
150:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3319:
3295:electronvolt
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2992:
2988:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2959:the original
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2878:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2852:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2827:
2817:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2667:the original
2657:
2649:
2642:. Retrieved
2633:
2625:
2618:. Retrieved
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2559:"Arc Second"
2490:
2483:thin films.
2466:
2453:visual angle
2445:20/20 vision
2442:
2439:Human vision
2386:3.6 in
2383:3.9 in
2377:100 mm
2374:1 mrad
2368:1 mrad
2302:1.5 cm
2174:0.5 cm
2075:2.5 mm
1933:
1928:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1878:Remington's
1874:
1867:
1863:metric units
1832:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1799:To adjust a
1760:
1747:To adjust a
1734:To adjust a
1721:To adjust a
1714:
1713:scopes that
1707:
1698:
1665:), quarter (
1618:
1604:
1578:
1560:
1479:
1473:is slightly
1467:great circle
1428:
1412:
1377:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1331:
1327:
1296:
1242:
1215:
1204:
1201:
1197:Eiffel Tower
1190:
1130:
1126:20/20 vision
1123:
1113:The average
1112:
1096:
1068:0.001 mas =
1008:Double prime
986:arcminute =
842:
838:
824:double prime
821:
816:
812:
791:prime symbol
788:
778:
772:
768:
764:
758:
754:marksmanship
719:
607:
603:
599:
597:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
371:milliradians
272:
267:
191:Unit of
149:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
3411:Mathematics
3042:A Guide to
2535:Milliradian
2443:In humans,
2380:10 cm
2331:20 mm
2322: mrad
2299:15 mm
2290: mrad
2235:10 mm
2226: mrad
2162: mrad
2066: mrad
1956:Increment,
1944:milliradian
1906:milliradian
1875:1 MOA rifle
1763:milliradian
1569:system and
1431:cartography
1425:Cartography
1369:astrometric
1319:declination
850:Sexagesimal
822:Similarly,
761:SI prefixes
726:sexagesimal
182:Unit system
36:milliradian
3089:Base units
2673:4 November
2644:4 November
2620:4 November
2541:References
2334:2 cm
2238:1 cm
2171:5 mm
1895:confidence
1643:subtension
1565:using the
1435:navigation
1396:telescopes
1371:satellite
1358:reciprocal
1245:Babylonian
1181:.7 km
1167:light-year
1103:marine GPS
1090: prad
1059: nrad
1019: μrad
968:Arcsecond
962: μrad
925:Arcminute
852:system of
767:(mas) and
746:navigation
608:arc second
558:arc length
481:minute arc
477:arc minute
322:arcseconds
220:arc length
128:March 2022
98:newspapers
3435:Astronomy
3232:steradian
3147:becquerel
3037:MOA/ mils
2858:29 August
2568:31 August
2530:Steradian
2481:epitaxial
2475:(ω-scan)
2463:Materials
1958:or click
1611:precision
1563:surveying
1486:longitude
1439:sea level
1388:red giant
1384:R Doradus
1301:: in the
1299:astronomy
1284:Astronomy
1252:Sumerians
1248:astronomy
1119:full Moon
1075:arcsecond
734:optometry
730:astronomy
604:arcsecond
566: nmi
469:arcminute
155:Arcminute
18:Arcsecond
3457:Category
3384:Category
3339:See also
3112:kilogram
3081:SI units
2935:13 April
2885:22 March
2833:31 March
2828:BBC News
2499:See also
1929:mil-dots
1767:base ten
1627:subtends
1607:firearms
1585:Firearms
1482:latitude
1457:; 1.151
1392:blurring
1342:parallax
1256:full day
1209:'s moon
1195:and the
1163: km
309:° = 0.01
218:with an
212:In units
3447:Science
3423:Physics
3397:Portals
3300:hectare
3285:decibel
3227:sievert
3222:siemens
3152:coulomb
3102:candela
2750:25 July
2598:25 July
2505:Gradian
2429:
2417:
2413:
2401:
2371:3.438′
2325:0.688′
2317:⁄
2293:0.516′
2285:⁄
2253:⁄
2229:0.344′
2221:⁄
2189:⁄
2165:0.172′
2157:⁄
2133:0.167′
2125:⁄
2101:0.125′
2093:⁄
2069:0.086′
2061:⁄
2037:0.083′
2029:⁄
1974:radians
1946:(mrad).
1924:reticle
1913:⁄
1891:sub-MOA
1859:
1847:
1843:
1829:
1813:
1801:
1790:⁄
1783:
1771:
1752:⁄
1739:⁄
1726:⁄
1703:zeroing
1695:
1683:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1641:. The
1550:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1516:
1502:
1453:(1,852
1443:equator
1311:azimuth
1273:
1261:
1239:History
1207:Neptune
1165:at one
1117:of the
1042:
1039:3600000
1030:
1000:
988:
984:
972:
958:290.888
941:
929:
895:
883:
866:Symbol
779:seconds
715:
697:
695:(about
693:
674:
670:
650:
646:
632:
628:
616:
589:
570:
550:
533:
525:
513:
507:of one
505:
493:
489:angular
456:
444:
427:= 0.015
425:
413:
394:
379:
360:
346:
338:radians
307:
295:
287:degrees
263:1
252:
240:
236:
224:
112:scholar
3315:minute
3275:dalton
3217:radian
3212:pascal
3202:newton
3127:second
3107:kelvin
3097:ampere
3020:. See
3003:21 May
2968:21 May
2908:24 May
2197:0.25′
1988:
1986:At 100
1981:
1979:At 100
1972:milli-
1965:of arc
1795:MOA).
1699:clicks
1631:inches
1615:rifles
1475:oblate
1455:metres
1346:parsec
1340:; and
1211:Triton
1185:parsec
1044:degree
1002:degree
943:degree
916:
912:17.453
904:Degree
878:Degree
863:Value
839:arcsec
813:arcmin
752:, and
742:optics
593:radian
509:degree
473:arcmin
268:in ...
227:0.2909
201:Symbol
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
32:radian
3330:tonne
3325:neper
3310:litre
3252:weber
3237:tesla
3192:lumen
3187:katal
3182:joule
3177:hertz
3172:henry
3162:farad
3117:metre
2962:(PDF)
2955:(PDF)
2348:1.0′
2261:0.5′
1963:mins
1715:click
1635:yards
1459:miles
1437:. At
1400:Pluto
1232:Venus
1135:by a
1086:4.848
1070:0.000
1055:4.848
1015:4.848
950:Prime
860:Unit
835:ASCII
809:ASCII
614:, is
591:of a
527:of a
479:, or
453:21600
436:turns
391:10800
385:·1000
357:10800
195:Angle
119:JSTOR
105:books
3305:hour
3247:watt
3242:volt
3167:gray
3122:mole
3022:Talk
3005:2009
2970:2009
2937:2015
2910:2020
2887:2017
2860:2022
2835:2018
2752:2021
2694:(of
2675:2010
2646:2010
2622:2010
2600:2021
2570:2020
2457:feet
2059:0.25
1915:1000
1900:The
1599:mrad
1546:3600
1512:1000
1498:base
1433:and
1386:, a
1373:Gaia
1363:The
1279:Uses
1088:1368
1057:1368
1017:1368
997:3600
960:2087
918:mrad
914:2925
897:turn
843:asec
817:amin
801:2032
789:The
642:3600
405:gons
233:1000
91:news
34:and
3280:day
3207:ohm
3197:lux
2805:doi
2775:doi
2345:1′
2283:1.5
2155:0.5
1990:yd
1613:of
1367:'s
1354:sec
1350:par
1317:as
1179:870
1176:597
1174:149
1161:916
1158:866
1097:In
1082:μas
1072:001
1051:mas
908:deg
892:360
841:or
815:or
777:or
724:as
709:264
707:206
688:000
686:648
665:000
662:296
584:800
564:600
545:600
522:360
475:),
422:600
329:60″
74:by
3459::
2993:69
2991:.
2987:.
2877:.
2851:.
2826:.
2801:25
2799:.
2771:15
2769:.
2742:.
2717:^
2690:,
2648:.
2624:.
2591:.
2578:^
2561:.
2549:^
2410:10
2319:10
2287:10
2258:′
2223:10
2194:′
2159:10
2130:′
2098:′
2063:10
2034:′
2031:12
2020:)
2018:in
2013:)
2011:in
2006:)
2004:cm
1999:)
1997:mm
1983:m
1976:)
1967:)
1931:.
1886:.
1856:60
1840:60
1810:10
1780:10
1701:,
1270:15
1199:.
1156:45
1128:.
981:60
938:60
845:.
819:.
799:U+
756:.
748:,
744:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
711:.8
625:60
602:,
598:A
595:.
582:10
562:21
543:21
502:60
467:,
463:A
304:60
243:mm
3399::
3073:e
3066:t
3059:v
3007:.
2972:.
2939:.
2912:.
2889:.
2862:.
2837:.
2811:.
2807::
2781:.
2777::
2754:.
2728:.
2711:.
2677:.
2602:.
2572:.
2431:′
2426:3
2423:/
2420:1
2407:/
2404:1
2315:2
2255:2
2251:1
2219:1
2191:4
2187:1
2127:6
2123:1
2095:8
2091:1
2027:1
2016:(
2009:(
2002:(
1995:(
1970:(
1961:(
1920:π
1911:1
1853:/
1850:1
1837:/
1833:m
1825:m
1807:/
1804:1
1792:3
1788:1
1777:/
1774:1
1754:8
1750:1
1741:4
1737:1
1728:2
1724:1
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1689:/
1686:1
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1673:/
1670:1
1660:2
1657:/
1654:1
1542:/
1539:1
1529:4
1526:/
1523:1
1508:/
1505:1
1267:/
1264:1
1227:.
1169:,
1151:,
1036:/
1033:1
1005:″
994:/
991:1
978:/
975:1
946:′
935:/
932:1
900:°
889:/
886:1
831:"
827:″
805:'
796:(
794:′
703:/
700:1
682:/
678:π
660:1
656:/
653:1
638:/
635:1
622:/
619:1
612:″
578:/
574:π
539:/
536:1
519:/
516:1
499:/
496:1
485:′
471:(
450:/
447:1
419:/
416:9
388:/
383:π
354:/
350:π
313:°
311:6
301:/
298:1
265:′
249:m
246:/
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205:′
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109:·
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