966:
725:
latter. Those that were capable of breaking open heavy locks at night without being noticed by watchdogs nor waking up people had to be in command of supernatural abilities. Equally weird were those that were capable of murdering innocent lives. They were aided, guided, or coerced by an evil force to do their evil deeds.
742:
s, despicable beings. Their perjury deeds included: Murder, theft, nightly arson, as well as any deeds that harmed the kinship's legally protected rights (treason, deserting to the enemy, deserting from the army, resisting to fight in a war, and perversion). any crimes offending the deities, such as
729:
Since sorcery "was not accepted officially, it could not serve the kinship as a whole, only private cravings; no decent person was safe from the secret arts of sorcerers," and as nīþ was insidiousness, a níðing was also thought to be a pathological liar and an oathbreaker, prone to committing perjury
830:
It could be better to fixate the haunting evil's body by placing large rocks on it, impaling it . Often enough, people saw their efforts had been in vain, so they mounted destruction upon destruction on the individual fiend, maybe starting by beheading, then entirely burning up its body, and finally
724:
Sorcery equalled mysteriously utilizing evil forces, just as mysterious and abhorrent a crime as sexual deviancy. As for theft and murder, even more recent common Old
Scandinavian belief still regarded them to be so closely associated to magical practices as to be entirely impossible without these
704:
equality in
Germanic and Roman law about equalling poisoning and magic was not created by influence of Roman laws upon Germanic people, even though an identical conception was indeed manifest in Roman law. This apparent likeness is probably based upon the shared original primitive conceptions about
897:
Since primitive societies exclusively attributed their fear of evil sorcerers to the sorcerer's motivating envy, all Indo-Germanic proverbs on the matter indicate that passive envy easily turns into aggressive crimes. He who envies is not satisfied to passively wait for his neighbours to run into
902:
Hence, the nīþing was regarded as a mythological fiend "that only exists to cause harm and bring certain undoing." Harboring a nīþ was regarded as destroying the "individual qualities that constituted man and genetical relation," making deviant, perverse, and ill instead so that this fiend was
811:
Outlaws were regarded as physically and legally dead, their spouse was seen as widow or widower and their children as orphans, their fortune and belongings were either seized by the kinship or destroyed. "It was every man's duty to capture the outlaw and kill him."
789:"Nobody is allowed to protect, house, or feed the outlaw. He must seek shelter alone in the woods just like a wolf." "Yet that is but one aspect of outlawry. The outlaw is not only expelled from the kinship, he is also regarded henceforth as an enemy to mankind."
749:
peace, armistice, security of the ceremony places and buildings, or a special festivity peace), trespass, defilement of graves, sorcery, finally all perjury deeds indicating moral degeneration, such as oathbreaking, perversion, acts of nasty cowardness of moral
856:"witchery" in order to cause harm instead of simply attacking people by decent, belligerent violence to achieve the same end was that it was a cowardly and weak creature, further indicating its being direct opposite of Old Norse warrior ethos.
927:(such as in the story of Rögnvald Straightleg whose last name was in fact but an ironic offence as his legs were actually crippled), and the belief that sorcerers would not only give birth to animals but also to crippled human children.
3655:
826:, their bodies had to be made entirely immobile, especially by impaling, burning up, drowning in rivers or bogs (see also Tacitus), or even all of the above. "Not any measure to this end was considered too awkward."
4595:
911:
was not only degenerated in a general sense it had originally been a human being of evil, fiendish nature that had either sought evil deliberately or had been taken into possession by evil forces unwillingly.
898:
accidents by coincidence to secretly gloat over them (while his gloating habits are widely accepted as a fact), he makes sure that they will live in misery or worse. Envy brings death, envy seeks evil ways.
657:
law to "having sexual intercourse with an animal." It's worth to note that such activities as being "a pregnant animal" and having intercourse with animals are activities which are attributed to the god
3645:
4640:
3650:
997:
in female clothes regardless of their biological sex, and they were considered to lose their physical biological sex by that act if they had been male before. More recent dialect forms of
2395:
954:. It was often hard to distinguish these attributes from actual physical illness, and since "any eeriness and incomprehensibility was what made people suspect a person of being a
3625:
3620:
2797:
720:. Criminal murder differed from legitimate killing as by being performed in secret insidiously, away from the eyes of the community that had not been involved in the matter.
3640:
3635:
3630:
3615:
3610:
3605:
4898:
2775:
416:
was the worst, most derogatory swearword of all known to the Norse language. According to
Icelandic law, the accused was allowed to kill the accuser without paying
2659:
2611:
2563:
2520:
2491:
2462:
2433:
2354:
2325:
2296:
2267:
2238:
2206:
2140:
2111:
2082:
2034:
2005:
1939:
1910:
1881:
1852:
1801:
1769:
1737:
1691:
1659:
1630:
1601:
1548:
1519:
1490:
1461:
1432:
1403:
1357:
1328:
1290:
1258:
1229:
1188:
3600:
2693:
700:
to a degree might have been regarded as identical to murder by poisoning. This Norse concept of poisoning based on magic was equally present in Roman law:
3595:
3089:
3019:
923:
were thought to be suffering from physical ailments and were associated with disability. Most notably their limping was an outer indication of being a
758:
associations might at first seem cumbersome and without any recognizable pattern. However the pattern behind it is outlined in the following sections.
4660:
2729:
Naumann, Hans-Peter (1994). "Hann var manna mestr oniðingr: Zer
Poetizität Metrischer Runeninschriften". In Hoops, Johannes; Beck, Heinrich (eds.).
1068:
3495:
1075:
in Transjö, Sm 37 in Rörbro, Sm 147 in Vasta Ed, and DR 68 in Århus, and appears as a name or part of a name on inscriptions Ög 217 in Oppeby,
2390:
4863:
4058:
3932:
3179:
275:
but also especially with lecherousness or sexual perversion in the view of Old
Scandinavian people during the Early and High Middle Ages.
192:, and due to its severity old Scandinavian laws demanded retribution for this accusation if it had turned out unjustified. The Icelandic
2768:
212:, all three meaning the passive role of a man in sexual activities, being womanly, and being subservient. Another semantic belonging to
3753:
3748:
453:. These were usually single poles with a carved man's head, on which a horse or a horse's head was impaled. In two attested instances (
432:, yielding either the challenging accuser to take his words back or the accuser's death, he was hence proven to be a weak and cowardly
4832:
4572:
4454:
822:
magic and even their dead bodies themselves were regarded as highly poisonous and contagious. To prevent them from coming back as the
1090:, which is translated as "the most unvillainous of men," appears on Ög 77, Sm 5, and Sm 37, and DR 68 uses a variant of this phrase.
4868:
3477:
2740:
2706:
284:
4888:
4873:
2761:
4002:
738:
Severe misdeeds were perjury deeds, especially if they had been committed insidiously and in secret. Such perpetrators were
1303:
Ruth Karras Mazo: Sexualität im
Mittelalter. Aus dem Amerikanischen von Wolfgang Hartung, Düsseldorf 2006, pp. 275-277.
1204:(Ed.): Art. arg, in: Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 24. Auflage, Berlin, New York 2002, S. 58.
4615:
3169:
3079:
1419:
Stadtrecht des Königs Magnus
Hakonarson für Bergen - Bruchstücke des Birkinselrechts und Seefahrerrechts der Jónsbók
1245:
Stadtrecht des Königs Magnus
Hakonarson für Bergen - Bruchstücke des Birkinselrechts und Seefahrerrechts der Jónsbók
4883:
4858:
4782:
4772:
3880:
3780:
3287:
3049:
603:
4012:
3937:
4878:
3805:
2806:
1002:
962:
even during ancient times already, as defined by actually or perceivedly deviant social behaviour and feeling.
645:
as "being a mare," "being a pregnant animal," "being a bitch," "having indecent intercourse with animals," the
115:
4335:
3917:
3890:
3885:
3825:
3800:
2999:
4717:
2712:
4903:
3587:
3505:
2368:
Josef
Weisweiler (1923). "Beiträge zur Bedeutungsentwicklung germanischer Wörter für sittliche Begriffe".
1076:
831:
leaving its ashes in streaming water, hoping to absolutely annihilate the evil, incorporeal spirit itself.
4540:
4472:
4462:
4567:
1099:
1009:
were ritually "effeminated" or made to appear "genderless" (such as by using "women's clothing" such as
792:
Ancient dehumanizing terms meaning both "wolf" and "strangler" were common as synonyms for outlaws: OHG
4029:
3820:
4777:
4134:
2911:
2154:
1104:
107:
57:
287:, while an active role of a man, who had been included into same-sex intercourse, was not tinged by
4893:
3942:
3676:
3535:
3029:
4630:
3830:
3447:
3432:
4350:
3372:
2784:
2653:
2605:
2557:
2514:
2485:
2456:
2427:
2348:
2319:
2290:
2261:
2232:
2200:
2134:
2105:
2076:
2028:
1999:
1933:
1904:
1875:
1846:
1795:
1763:
1731:
1685:
1653:
1624:
1595:
1542:
1513:
1484:
1455:
1426:
1397:
1351:
1322:
1284:
1252:
1223:
1182:
1080:
1072:
970:
683:
93:
65:
50:
4477:
4400:
4365:
4360:
3442:
3272:
2881:
2836:
958:, whether this was based upon physical anomalies or mental traits", they were often regarded as
1001:
linguistically link it to "female sex organs." Also, there exists (or existed) evidence on the
4837:
4827:
4686:
4650:
4300:
4039:
3322:
2736:
2702:
1153:
4078:
3947:
4557:
4270:
3815:
3770:
3530:
3387:
3212:
2969:
2811:
1815:
745:
38:
4405:
3927:
4767:
3975:
3723:
2788:
2399:
2050:
Schriften der
Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster
1158:
An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth
1116:
484:
and thus challenging each other before a fight. Gudmund perjorates Sinfyötli in verse 36:
424:
If the accused did not retort by violent attack, either right on the spot or by demanding
324:, i. e. they had to be shouted in their faces what they were in most derogatory terms, as
193:
4691:
4320:
4255:
4098:
3982:
3452:
3402:
3392:
3317:
4681:
4676:
4545:
4428:
4423:
4380:
4310:
4305:
4225:
4114:
4088:
4073:
3912:
3565:
3427:
3262:
2951:
1706:
312:
244:
123:
31:
3094:
785:. Just as feud yielded enmity among kinships, outlawry yielded enmity of all humanity.
4852:
4645:
4625:
4610:
4552:
4500:
4385:
4375:
4345:
4315:
4280:
4250:
4215:
4083:
4022:
3997:
3922:
3900:
3810:
3758:
3671:
3292:
3132:
3084:
2048:
Rudolf His (1929). "Der Totenglaube in der Geschichte des germanischen Strafrechts".
1201:
128:
73:
3282:
3227:
2866:
2096:
Vordemfelde, Hans (1923). "Die germanische Religion in den deutschen Volksrechten".
1533:
Vordemfelde, Hans (1923). "Die germanische Religion in den deutschen Volksrechten".
1028:
referred to "being a woman each ninth night," and "having born children as a male."
1013:, as do priests of other religions, in order to manipulate the genderless spirits).
4467:
3795:
2753:
1129:
1121:
1064:
translates this term as "unvillainous." This term is used as a descriptive term on
670:
236:
4370:
4330:
4210:
4195:
3835:
3716:
3550:
3540:
3312:
3237:
3164:
2946:
2886:
965:
263:
law to "desiring male same-sex activities as a bottom." Thus, it is apparent that
2730:
950:
These physical afflictions were regarded as furthermore supporting weakness of a
907:
were aided, guided, or coerced by an evil force to do their evil deeds. Hence, a
445:
could also be performed by pejorative visual portrayals, especially by so-called
4696:
4635:
4605:
4515:
4482:
4355:
4325:
4285:
4265:
4245:
4220:
4149:
4139:
4044:
3681:
3367:
3277:
3242:
3232:
3197:
2672:
887:
magic to destroy anything owned and made by man, ultimately the human race and
279:
of females was considered as excessive lecherousness bordering raging madness,
4802:
4522:
4418:
4410:
4290:
4235:
4190:
4185:
4170:
3987:
3686:
3327:
3252:
3247:
3202:
1065:
1045:
272:
3907:
3422:
2871:
1818:(1933). "Zur Geschichte der Altgermanischen Todesstrafe und Friedlosigkeit".
4757:
4562:
4530:
4440:
4395:
4295:
4144:
4129:
3870:
3733:
3352:
3302:
3297:
3217:
664:
561:
4435:
4124:
4017:
3525:
3515:
3485:
3462:
3034:
2921:
2815:
1024:
law were "having born children as a male," "being a male whore," while the
140:
2625:
Strömbäck, Dag (1935). "Seyd - Textstudier i Nordisk Religionshistorika".
134:
4807:
4792:
4742:
4727:
4620:
4390:
4275:
4240:
4205:
4119:
4034:
3992:
3895:
3865:
3845:
3765:
3500:
3437:
3417:
3412:
3337:
3332:
3267:
3149:
3069:
3064:
3009:
2994:
2906:
2876:
2861:
2851:
852:
841:
427:
417:
252:
945:
degeneration was often innate, especially apparent by physical ailments.
696:
s was linguistically closely linked to botany and poisoning. Therefore,
621:
In accordance with these more detailed descriptions of what constituted
410:
was the nature or appearance of effeminacy, especially by obscene acts.
271:
was strongly connoted not only with sorcery, unmanliness, weakness, and
4752:
4600:
4340:
4260:
4230:
4175:
4093:
3970:
3850:
3840:
3706:
3701:
3520:
3490:
3192:
3187:
3144:
3004:
2961:
2941:
2896:
2856:
2828:
2676:
1567:
Ernst Klein (1930). "Der Ritus des Tötens bei den nordischen Völkern".
1061:
889:
381:
81:
476:(see section below) of opposing warriors Gudmund and Sinfyötli in the
4200:
4165:
3875:
3785:
3775:
3728:
3570:
3510:
3222:
3159:
3122:
3074:
2989:
1160:, edited and enlarged by T. Northcote Toller, Oxford University Press
903:
considered the direct opposite of decent man and its as contagious.
823:
649:
law referred to "biting another man," "being a pregnant animal," the
255:," "being a sorcerer and/or desiring same-sex activities as a male (
240:
77:
4596:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
3711:
3555:
3357:
3104:
3099:
3039:
2931:
349:
2695:"He Drowned in Holmr's Sea": Baltic Traffic in Early Nordic Sources
17:
4797:
4787:
4747:
4737:
4732:
4655:
4180:
4007:
3952:
3860:
3855:
3790:
3738:
3691:
3575:
3560:
3457:
3407:
3397:
3377:
3362:
3347:
3342:
3307:
3257:
3207:
3154:
3137:
3127:
3114:
3059:
3044:
2984:
2979:
2901:
2846:
2841:
2552:(in German). Berlin, Göttingen, and Heidelberg. pp. 316, 318.
964:
879:
but was regarded the most likely motivation of all for practicing
391:
337:
4722:
4701:
4535:
4508:
3965:
3960:
3696:
3545:
3467:
3382:
3024:
3014:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2891:
1010:
860:
is often but translated as "cowardly, weak". By definition, any
818:
s were considered to re-enter their bodies after death by their
659:
379:
373:
371:
329:
164:
150:
86:
43:
2757:
283:
of males as perversity, effeminacy and the passive role within
3743:
3054:
2974:
1149:
712:
poisoning ties in with the legal Germanic differentiation of
705:
religion due to a shared Indo-European origin of both people.
2023:(in German). Berlin, Göttingen, and Heidelberg. p. 328.
1617:
Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte (Band 1): Frühzeit und Mittelalter
539:
2550:
Die Strafe - Frühformen und gesellschaftliche Zusammenhänge
2021:
Die Strafe - Frühformen und gesellschaftliche Zusammenhänge
2735:(in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 490–502.
773:(Latin for "outside of the legal system"), in Anglo-Saxon
730:
and especially treason. Summing up the relations between
465:
s were arranged so as to suggest homosexual intercourse.
1477:
Reallexikon der Indogermanischen Altertumskunde (Band 2)
3646:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
196:
referred to three words that were regarded as equal to
2172:
Jan de Vries (1957). "Die Religion der Nordgermanen".
1841:(in German) (7 ed.). Munich/Leipzig. p. 192.
1648:(in German) (7 ed.). Berlin/Leipzig. p. 80.
1247:(in German). Weimar. pp. 65, 105, 347, 349, 437.
536:
and in following verses 37-39 Sinfyötli rebuts this:
1448:
Schwedische Rechte - Älteres Westgötalag, Uplandslag
1277:
Norwegisches Recht - Das Rechtsbuch des Frostothings
4820:
4710:
4669:
4588:
4581:
4491:
4453:
4158:
4107:
4066:
4057:
3664:
3586:
3476:
3178:
3113:
2960:
2827:
2804:
1152:date to the early 15th century. See also the entry
1390:Norwegisches Recht - Das Rechtsbuch des Gulathings
1216:Norwegisches Recht - Das Rechtsbuch des Gulathings
188:were the severe insults made by calling someone a
1079:in Aringsås, and Sm 131 in Hjortholmen. The same
2098:Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten
1644:Schröder, Richard; Eberhard v. Künßberg (1932).
1535:Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten
640:
622:
433:
425:
411:
405:
399:
343:
335:
148:
101:
1953:E. Maaß (1927). "Die Lebenden und die Toten".
1270:
1268:
2769:
2422:(in German). Freiburg and Munich. p. 24.
1985:
1983:
1383:
1381:
1036:Although no runic inscription uses the terms
769:The outlawed did not have any rights, he was
743:breaking a special peace treaty (for example
155:, carrying the connotation of 'unmanliness'.
8:
1671:
1669:
761:The immediate consequence of being proven a
355:
30:"Nidingr" redirects here. For the band, see
4498:
2798:Mythological Norse people, items and places
2732:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
2577:E. Maaß (1925). "Eunuchos und Verwandtes".
2413:
2411:
2227:(in German). Munich and Berlin. p. 56.
2195:(in German). Berlin and Munich. p. 30.
1955:Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum
1781:
1779:
1711:(in German). Leipzig: Weicher. p. 166.
1680:(in German). Berlin and Munich. p. 29.
1506:Germanisches Heidentum bei den Angelsachsen
1421:(in German). Weimar. pp. 89, 345, 397.
765:was outlawing the exile. (see for example)
365:
4585:
4063:
2824:
2776:
2762:
2754:
2658:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2648:(in German). Bern and Munich. p. 195.
2610:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1168:
1166:
872:by these very despicable magic practices.
176:can be regarded as specifying swearwords.
3596:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
2687:
2685:
2507:Kultur und Religion der Germanen (Band 1)
2449:Kultur und Religion der Germanen (Band 1)
2341:Die Entwicklung der germanischen Religion
2283:Kultur und Religion der Germanen (Band 1)
1992:Kultur und Religion der Germanen (Band 1)
1756:Das Strafrecht der Friesen im Mittelalter
1708:Das Strafrecht der Friesen im Mittelalter
1562:
1560:
1558:
231:Examples from Old Scandinavian Laws: The
84:. A person affected with the stigma is a
2673:Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk
2420:Der Neid - Eine Theorie der Gesellschaft
2193:Grundzüge der deutschen Rechtsgeschichte
1839:Grundzüge der deutschen Rechtsgeschichte
1678:Grundzüge der deutschen Rechtsgeschichte
1156:from Bosworth & Toller (1898/1921).
981:, to describe a man who died in England.
2701:. Tartu University Press. p. 178.
2646:Unehrliche Leute - Die verfemten Berufe
2218:
2216:
1749:
1747:
1646:Lehrbuch der deutschen Rechtsgeschichte
1313:Gering, Hugo (1927). B. Sijmons (ed.).
1141:
1060:, to describe a man as being virtuous.
386:) was supposed to break the concealing
132:, meaning 'envy' (compare modern Dutch
4899:Violence against LGBT people in Europe
2651:
2603:
2555:
2512:
2483:
2454:
2425:
2346:
2317:
2288:
2259:
2230:
2198:
2161:(in German). Halle. pp. 100, 504.
2132:
2103:
2074:
2026:
1997:
1931:
1902:
1873:
1868:Das Strafrecht des alten Landes Schwyz
1844:
1793:
1761:
1729:
1683:
1651:
1622:
1593:
1540:
1511:
1482:
1453:
1424:
1395:
1349:
1320:
1282:
1250:
1221:
1180:
1148:The last attestations recorded by the
1109:in ancient Hellenic society (formerly
936:was not only degenerated in a general
846:It was believed that the reason for a
2225:Deutsches Strafrecht bis zur Karolina
875:Nīþ did not only motivate practicing
7:
2509:(in German). Darmstadt. p. 105.
2451:(in German). Darmstadt. p. 251.
2285:(in German). Darmstadt. p. 344.
2071:(in German). Stuttgart. p. 111.
1994:(in German). Darmstadt. p. 340.
916:Association with physical disability
653:law to "being a female animal," the
398:The actual meaning of the adjective
3656:named weapons, armour and treasures
2480:(in German). Darmstadt. p. 50.
1619:(in German). Karlsruhe. p. 49.
1590:(in German). Stuttgart. p. 40.
1279:(in German). Weimar. p. 193ff.
27:Loss of honor in Germanic societies
4833:Heathenry (new religious movement)
2627:Nordiska Texter och Undersökningar
2600:(in German). Göteborg. p. 72.
2174:Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte
2127:Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte (Band 1)
1788:Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte (Band 1)
1758:(in German). Leipzig. p. 176.
1724:Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte (Band 1)
1508:(in German). Leipzig. p. 208.
1175:Isländisches Recht - Die Graugrans
1111:Classical definition of effeminacy
25:
2598:Loki - Ein mythologisches Problem
2579:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
2129:(in German). Berlin. p. 264.
2100:(in German). Gießen. p. 148.
1976:(in German). 1936. p. 210ff.
1870:(in German). Leipzig. p. 31.
1790:(in German). Berlin. p. 167.
1726:(in German). Berlin. p. 166.
1537:(in German). Gießen. p. 131.
1504:Philippson, Ernst Alfred (1929).
1479:(in German). Berlin. p. 697.
1346:(in German). Leipzig. p. 56.
1315:Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda
1218:(in German). Weimar. p. 123.
3496:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2312:Das altgermanische Priesterwesen
2256:(in German). Munich. p. 58.
1899:(in German). Berlin. p. 16.
1820:Archiv für Religionswissenschaft
1569:Archiv für Religionswissenschaft
1450:(in German). Weimar. p. 35.
1392:(in German). Weimar. p. 27.
1344:Das Strafrecht der Isländersagas
1317:(in German). Halle. p. 289.
1071:in Hovgården, Sö 189 in Åkerby,
883:. The nīþing used its malicious
285:same-sex intercourse between men
2537:(in German). 1965. p. 124.
390:spell and would thus force the
228:, "being a sorcerer's friend."
102:
3933:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
2478:Die geistige Welt der Germanen
2314:(in German). Jena. p. 46.
2191:Schwerin, Claudius v. (1950).
1928:(in German). Bonn. p. 22.
1676:Schwerin, Claudius v. (1950).
1446:Schwerin, Claudius v. (1935).
1374:(in German). 1964. p. 99.
639:swearwords further describing
438:by not retorting accordingly.
394:to give away its true nature.
235:law referred to "being a male
1:
2067:Peuckert, Will-Erich (1942).
1056:prefix means the opposite of
4864:LGBT in the Nordic countries
1866:Rickenbacher, Franz (1902).
4003:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
2370:Indogermanische Forschungen
2159:Das Strafrecht der Germanen
986:Association with effeminacy
868:) was immediately rendered
468:A "classical definition of
4920:
4670:Festivals and holy periods
2505:Grönbech, Wilhelm (1954).
2447:Grönbech, Wilhelm (1954).
2343:. Heidelberg. p. 361.
2281:Grönbech, Wilhelm (1954).
2125:Brunner, Heinrich (1961).
1990:Grönbech, Wilhelm (1954).
1837:Brunner, Heinrich (1921).
1786:Brunner, Heinrich (1961).
1722:Brunner, Heinrich (1961).
839:
681:
480:, offending each other as
310:
200:by themselves. Those were
29:
3938:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3651:named animals and plants
2795:
2644:Danckert, Werner (1936).
1926:Urgeschichtliche Religion
1897:Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
1342:Heusler, Andreas (1911).
1173:Heusler, Andreas (1937).
455:Bjarnar saga Hítdælakappa
251:law referred to "being a
4869:LGBT themes in mythology
3759:Black elves (Svartálfar)
2692:Zilmer, Kristel (2005).
2548:Hentig, Hans v. (1954).
2535:Sammlung Thule (Band 14)
2418:Schoeck, Helmut (1966).
2404:Germanic Lexicon Project
2019:Hentig, Hans v. (1954).
1615:Conrad, Hermann (1962).
1586:Lehmann, Alfred (1925).
1417:Meißner, Rudolf (1950).
1388:Meißner, Rudolf (1935).
1275:Meißner, Rudolf (1939).
1243:Meißner, Rudolf (1950).
1214:Meißner, Rudolf (1935).
1048:runestones use the term
1003:Golden Horns of Gallehus
159:Níð, argr, ragr and ergi
144:), 'hate', or 'malice'.
4641:Sacred trees and groves
3881:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3754:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1974:Sammlung Thule (Band 1)
1972:"Herwörlied der Edda".
1588:Aberglaube und Zauberei
1475:Schrader, Otto (1928).
1372:Sammlung Thule (Band 9)
1005:that male initiates of
850:to resort to insidious
754:This excessive mass of
641:
623:
514:shedding your brother's
434:
426:
412:
406:
400:
380:
372:
350:
336:
330:
149:
127:
119:
111:
97:
87:
69:
61:
54:
44:
4889:Early Germanic culture
4499:
3749:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
3398:Narfi (father of Nott)
2476:Fries, Jan de (1964).
2310:Hermann, Paul (1929).
982:
913:
900:
833:
787:
752:
727:
707:
578:Hag on Warinsey Island
422:
366:
356:
344:
139:
133:
4874:Medieval LGBT history
3891:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
3170:Sister-wife of Njörðr
2596:Ström, Folke (1956).
2155:Wilda, Wilhelm Eduard
1924:Clemen, Carl (1932).
1100:Hostis humani generis
973:uses the opposite of
968:
905:
895:
840:Further information:
828:
767:
736:
722:
702:
682:Further information:
550:monster have you been
548:Walkury, an abhorrent
396:
311:Further information:
307:Scolding and níðstang
76:implying the loss of
4661:Wetlands and islands
3781:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2254:Die Schläfer im Moor
2252:Glob, P. V. (1966).
2223:His, Rudolf (1928).
1754:His, Rudolf (1901).
1705:His, Rudolf (1901).
1177:(in German). Weimar.
1126:in Semitic languages
993:sometimes practiced
777:, Middle Low German
692:used prominently by
627:as appearing in the
590:you desired to marry
584:conjuring illusions.
520:you sucked on wounds
459:Gísla saga Súrssonar
80:and the status of a
3943:Narfi (son of Loki)
3090:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
2339:Helm, Karl (1926).
1895:Fehr, Hans (1948).
1085:manna mæstr oniðing
678:Nīþ and criminality
532:being hated by all.
243:(slave)," "being a
126:retained a cognate
72:) was a term for a
4589:Religious practice
4563:Old Norse language
4030:Váli (son of Loki)
3918:Líf and Lífthrasir
3826:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3821:Horses of the Æsir
3801:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2942:Váli (son of Odin)
2785:Old Norse religion
2398:2011-07-18 at the
1083:Old Norse phrase,
983:
836:Nīþ and witchcraft
684:Early Germanic law
147:A related term is
138:and modern German
4884:LGBTQ and society
4859:Germanic paganism
4846:
4845:
4838:Nordic Bronze Age
4828:Germanic paganism
4816:
4815:
4687:Germanic calendar
4651:Temple at Uppsala
4449:
4448:
4053:
4052:
4013:Þjálfi and Röskva
3957:Personifications
2820:and other figures
1816:Weiser-Aall, Lily
1088:
1052:, which with the
864:(practitioner of
734:and criminality:
618:
617:
613:Sinfyötli.
592:was I, Sinfyötli.
552:frightening, and
493:Prince you cannot
441:Beside by words,
16:(Redirected from
4911:
4586:
4504:
4271:Grove of fetters
4064:
3771:Fjalar (rooster)
3531:Fjalar and Galar
2825:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2711:. Archived from
2700:
2689:
2680:
2670:
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2663:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2635:
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2622:
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1995:
1987:
1978:
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1969:
1963:
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1950:
1944:
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1199:
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1186:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1146:
1086:
644:
635:law referred to
626:
588:the only warrior
569:stubborn whore.
565:fought in desire
540:
523:with an icy maw,
472:is found in the
437:
431:
415:
409:
403:
385:
377:
369:
359:
354:, Modern German
353:
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341:
333:
154:
105:
104:
90:
47:
21:
4919:
4918:
4914:
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4912:
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4909:
4908:
4879:Norse mythology
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4812:
4768:Norse cosmology
4706:
4665:
4577:
4573:Later influence
4487:
4445:
4159:Other locations
4154:
4103:
4049:
3976:Sumarr and Vetr
3660:
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3273:Gjálp and Greip
3174:
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2400:Wayback Machine
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1117:Moral turpitude
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549:
547:
511:a wolf's treat,
364:, Modern Dutch
315:
309:
247:(wizard)," the
194:Gray Goose Laws
161:
116:Old High German
112:nīðing, nīðgæst
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4917:
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4463:Æsir–Vanir War
4459:
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4301:Hoddmímis holt
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4137:
4135:Körmt and Örmt
4132:
4127:
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3566:Sons of Ivaldi
3563:
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3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Móði and Magni
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2721:
2718:on 2011-07-20.
2707:
2681:
2665:
2636:
2629:(in Swedish).
2617:
2588:
2569:
2540:
2526:
2497:
2468:
2439:
2407:
2379:
2360:
2331:
2302:
2273:
2244:
2212:
2183:
2164:
2146:
2117:
2088:
2059:
2040:
2011:
1979:
1964:
1945:
1916:
1887:
1858:
1829:
1807:
1775:
1743:
1714:
1697:
1665:
1636:
1607:
1578:
1554:
1525:
1496:
1467:
1438:
1409:
1377:
1363:
1334:
1305:
1296:
1264:
1235:
1206:
1202:Seebold, Elmar
1194:
1162:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1033:
1030:
987:
984:
948:
947:
917:
914:
837:
834:
800:, Anglo-Saxon
679:
676:
629:New Helgi song
616:
615:
609:to nine wolves
607:you gave birth
595:
582:so insidiously
571:
538:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
478:New Helgi song
370:, Anglo-Saxon
308:
305:
224:was, from the
160:
157:
124:Middle English
37:In historical
32:Nidingr (band)
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4916:
4905:
4904:Social stigma
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
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4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4839:
4836:
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4826:
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4809:
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4801:
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4784:
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4779:
4776:
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4771:
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4759:
4756:
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4751:
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4734:
4731:
4729:
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4716:
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4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4631:Öndvegissúlur
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Heitstrenging
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Völsung Cycle
4556:
4554:
4553:Tyrfing Cycle
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4520:
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4513:
4512:
4511:
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4506:
4503:
4502:
4501:Gesta Danorum
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Fróði's Peace
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
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4439:
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4364:
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4264:
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4219:
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4209:
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4097:
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4056:
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4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3998:Shield-maiden
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
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3705:
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3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Ask and Embla
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
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3499:
3497:
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3434:
3431:
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3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
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3391:
3389:
3386:
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3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
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3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:Ingunar-Freyr
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
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3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
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2968:
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2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
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2928:
2925:
2923:
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2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
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2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2744:
2742:3-11-012978-7
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2708:9949-11-090-4
2704:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2376:: 16, 19, 24.
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1848:
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1797:
1789:
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1529:
1526:
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1500:
1497:
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1478:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1449:
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1428:
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1399:
1391:
1384:
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1367:
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1300:
1297:
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1269:
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1239:
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1225:
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1210:
1207:
1203:
1198:
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1190:
1184:
1176:
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1163:
1159:
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1142:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1108:
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1103:
1101:
1098:
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1089:
1082:
1078:
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1070:
1067:
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1059:
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1031:
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1027:
1023:
1019:
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1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
980:
976:
972:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
930:
929:
928:
926:
922:
915:
912:
910:
904:
899:
894:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
843:
835:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
766:
764:
759:
757:
751:
750:degeneration.
748:
747:
741:
735:
733:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
685:
677:
675:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
656:
652:
648:
647:Bergen/Island
643:
638:
634:
630:
625:
614:
605:
600:
596:
594:
586:You said that
576:
572:
570:
563:
555:
546:
542:
541:
537:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
496:talk about me
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
436:
430:
429:
421:
419:
414:
408:
402:
395:
393:
389:
384:
383:
376:
375:
368:
363:
358:
352:
346:
340:
339:
332:
328:(Anglo-Saxon
327:
323:
319:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:kallar ragann
254:
250:
249:Bergen/Island
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
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191:
187:
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158:
156:
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137:
136:
131:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
91:
89:
83:
79:
75:
74:social stigma
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4762:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4478:Hjaðningavíg
4256:Glæsisvellir
3796:Gullinbursti
3443:Útgarða-Loki
2837:Almáttki áss
2747:pp. 499-500.
2731:
2724:
2713:the original
2694:
2668:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2597:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2549:
2543:
2534:
2529:
2506:
2500:
2477:
2471:
2448:
2442:
2419:
2403:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2340:
2334:
2311:
2305:
2282:
2276:
2253:
2247:
2224:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2126:
2120:
2097:
2091:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2020:
2014:
1991:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1925:
1919:
1896:
1890:
1867:
1861:
1838:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1787:
1755:
1723:
1717:
1707:
1700:
1677:
1645:
1639:
1616:
1610:
1587:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1534:
1528:
1505:
1499:
1476:
1470:
1447:
1441:
1418:
1412:
1389:
1371:
1366:
1343:
1337:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1276:
1244:
1238:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1174:
1157:
1144:
1130:Shame-stroke
1122:
1110:
1105:
1084:
1081:alliterative
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1006:
998:
994:
990:
989:
978:
974:
960:mentally ill
959:
955:
951:
949:
944:
941:
938:
935:
931:
924:
920:
919:
908:
906:
901:
896:
888:
884:
880:
876:
874:
869:
865:
862:seiðberender
861:
857:
851:
847:
845:
829:
819:
815:
814:
810:
805:
804:, Old Norse
801:
797:
793:
791:
788:
782:
781:, Old Norse
778:
774:
770:
768:
762:
760:
755:
753:
744:
739:
737:
731:
728:
723:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
697:
693:
689:
687:
671:Gylfaginning
669:
663:
654:
650:
646:
636:
632:
628:
620:
604:Sága's Inlet
598:
597:
580:that was you
574:
573:
553:
544:
543:
535:
529:dead bodies,
517:blood, often
488:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
462:
458:
454:
451:nīþing poles
450:
446:
442:
440:
423:
397:
387:
361:
342:, Icelandic
325:
321:
320:s had to be
317:
316:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
276:
268:
264:
260:
256:
248:
239:," "being a
232:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
163:
162:
146:
85:
42:
36:
4636:Reginnaglar
4568:Orthography
4541:Jómsvíkinga
4516:Poetic Edda
4429:Urðarbrunnr
4424:Mímisbrunnr
4356:Singasteinn
4286:Hindarfjall
4266:Gnipahellir
4246:Ginnungagap
4221:Fyrisvellir
4216:Fornsigtuna
4150:Vimur River
4140:Slidr River
3913:Jörmungandr
3323:Hrímgrímnir
2952:Vili and Vé
2389:(Old Norse
651:Frostothing
611:fathered by
526:creeping to
508:For you ate
313:Niðing Pole
261:Frostathing
108:Old English
58:Old English
4894:Homophobia
4853:Categories
4803:Viking Age
4778:Philosophy
4646:Sonargöltr
4531:Runestones
4523:Prose Edda
4468:Fimbulvetr
4419:Hvergelmir
4386:Valaskjálf
4346:Sessrúmnir
4316:Jötunheimr
4291:Hlidskjalf
4281:Himinbjörg
4251:Glaðsheimr
4236:Gastropnir
4191:Bilskirnir
4171:Amsvartnir
4084:Gjallarbrú
4067:Underworld
4023:Landvættir
3923:Loddfáfnir
3901:Svaðilfari
3886:Hófvarpnir
3831:Blóðughófi
3811:Hildisvíni
3687:Aurvandill
3448:Vafþrúðnir
3433:Þrúðgelmir
3293:Harðgreipr
1961:(49): 207.
1136:References
1066:runestones
1046:Viking Age
1044:, several
1032:Runestones
1026:Gray Goose
1016:According
969:Runestone
655:Uplandslag
562:Einherjars
505:noble man.
502:scolding a
499:like that,
360:; compare
273:effeminacy
226:Gray Goose
4758:Mead hall
4692:Þorrablót
4546:Legendary
4441:Yggdrasil
4401:Víðbláinn
4396:Vanaheimr
4371:Þrymheimr
4366:Þrúðvangr
4361:Þrúðheimr
4331:Munarvágr
4321:Mímameiðr
4296:Hnitbjorg
4211:Fólkvangr
4196:Brávellir
4145:Vadgelmir
4130:Kerlaugar
4099:Niðafjöll
4059:Locations
4035:Valkyries
3983:Sæhrímnir
3871:Gulltoppr
3836:Falhófnir
3734:Einherjar
3717:Landdísir
3551:Mótsognir
3541:Hreiðmarr
3453:Víðblindi
3403:Sökkmímir
3393:Mögþrasir
3353:Hyrrokkin
3318:Hrímgerðr
3313:Hræsvelgr
3303:Helreginn
3298:Helblindi
3218:Bergelmir
2882:Ítreksjóð
2789:mythology
2654:cite book
2606:cite book
2558:cite book
2515:cite book
2486:cite book
2457:cite book
2428:cite book
2402:) on the
2349:cite book
2320:cite book
2291:cite book
2262:cite book
2233:cite book
2201:cite book
2135:cite book
2106:cite book
2077:cite book
2029:cite book
2000:cite book
1934:cite book
1905:cite book
1876:cite book
1847:cite book
1796:cite book
1764:cite book
1732:cite book
1686:cite book
1654:cite book
1625:cite book
1596:cite book
1543:cite book
1514:cite book
1485:cite book
1456:cite book
1427:cite book
1398:cite book
1352:cite book
1323:cite book
1285:cite book
1253:cite book
1224:cite book
1183:cite book
1022:Gulathing
796:, Salian
665:Lokasenna
633:Gulathing
567:about you
474:scoldings
233:Gulathing
94:Old Norse
66:Old Dutch
51:Old Norse
41:society,
4821:See also
4743:Hamingja
4697:Vetrnætr
4682:Dísablót
4677:Álfablót
4483:Ragnarök
4391:Valhalla
4381:Útgarðar
4326:Myrkviðr
4311:Járnviðr
4306:Iðavöllr
4226:Gálgviðr
4206:Fensalir
4115:Élivágar
4089:Náströnd
4079:Éljúðnir
3948:Níðhöggr
3896:Sleipnir
3866:Gullfaxi
3766:Fimafeng
3682:Auðumbla
3501:Billingr
3428:Þrívaldi
3413:Suttungr
3368:Járnsaxa
3338:Hrungnir
3268:Gillingr
3263:Geirröðr
3243:Fárbauti
3233:Býleistr
3198:Angrboða
3150:Gullveig
2862:Heimdall
2852:Dellingr
2633:: 29–31.
2585:: 432ff.
2396:Archived
2157:(1842).
1094:See also
1050:oníðingr
991:Nithings
979:oniðingr
921:Nithings
599:Verse 39
575:Verse 38
558:by Odin!
545:Verse 37
489:Verse 36
463:níðstang
457:ch. 17,
447:níðstang
443:scolding
428:holmgang
418:weregild
367:schelden
334:, Norse
326:scolding
259:)," the
253:seiðmaðr
245:seiðmaðr
206:strodinn
62:nīþ, nīð
39:Germanic
4773:Numbers
4753:Kenning
4626:Worship
4582:Society
4492:Sources
4411:Vingólf
4406:Vígríðr
4376:Uppsala
4341:Okolnir
4261:Glitnir
4231:Gandvik
4186:Bifröst
4176:Andlang
4094:Niflhel
4040:Völundr
3988:Skírnir
3928:Móðguðr
3724:Dragons
3707:Byggvir
3536:Gandalf
3521:Dvalinn
3491:Andvari
3328:Hrímnir
3283:Gunnlöð
3253:Fornjót
3248:Fjölvar
3228:Bölþorn
3203:Aurboða
3193:Alvaldi
3145:Gersemi
2962:Ásynjur
2867:Hermóðr
2857:Forseti
2807:Deities
2677:Rundata
1106:Malakia
1062:Rundata
1058:níðingr
1042:níðingr
1020:in the
975:niðingr
956:nithing
952:nithing
934:nithing
925:nithing
909:nithing
893:itself.
890:Midgard
779:uutlagh
740:nithing
718:killing
461:), two
435:níðingr
382:flyting
357:Schelte
322:scolded
269:níðingr
210:sordinn
120:nidding
98:níðingr
82:villain
4616:Horses
4455:Events
4436:Ýdalir
4415:Wells
4351:Sindri
4336:Nóatún
4201:Brimir
4166:Asgard
4125:Ífingr
4108:Rivers
4018:Vættir
3876:Gyllir
3786:Fylgja
3776:Fenrir
3729:Draugs
3665:Others
3588:Heroes
3571:Brokkr
3526:Fáfnir
3516:Dúrnir
3511:Durinn
3486:Alvíss
3478:Dwarfs
3463:Vörnir
3373:Laufey
3238:Eggþér
3223:Bestla
3180:Jötnar
3165:Njörðr
3160:Kvasir
3123:Freyja
3075:Snotra
3035:Njörun
2990:Gefjon
2947:Víðarr
2887:Lóðurr
2816:jötnar
2812:dwarfs
2739:
2705:
1826:: 225.
1575:: 177.
1018:eacans
939:sense
848:nīþing
824:undead
816:Níðing
798:wargus
783:utlagr
763:níðing
756:níðing
714:murder
710:Níðing
694:níðing
637:eacans
631:, the
378:, and
351:scelta
348:, OHG
345:skalda
318:Níðing
241:thrall
237:bottom
208:, and
190:coward
103:ᚾᛁᚦᛁᚴᛦ
88:nīðing
78:honour
4808:Völva
4798:Skald
4793:Seiðr
4788:Runes
4783:Rings
4748:Heiti
4733:Galdr
4728:Félag
4718:Death
4711:Other
4621:Hörgr
4536:Sagas
4276:Heiðr
4241:Gimlé
4181:Barri
4120:Gjöll
4045:Vörðr
4008:Troll
3993:Sköll
3953:Norns
3861:Grani
3856:Glenr
3846:Glaðr
3816:Hjúki
3791:Garmr
3744:Elves
3739:Eldir
3712:Dísir
3692:Beyla
3626:Hi–Hy
3576:Eitri
3561:Regin
3506:Dáinn
3458:Vosud
3438:Þrymr
3418:Þjazi
3408:Surtr
3378:Leikn
3348:Hymir
3343:Hrymr
3333:Hroðr
3308:Hljod
3288:Gymir
3278:Gríðr
3258:Gangr
3208:Baugi
3155:Hnoss
3138:Yngvi
3128:Freyr
3115:Vanir
3095:Þrúðr
3070:Skaði
3065:Sjöfn
3060:Sigyn
3045:Rindr
3030:Nanna
3010:Iðunn
2995:Gerðr
2985:Fulla
2980:Frigg
2907:Mímir
2902:Meili
2877:Hœnir
2847:Bragi
2842:Baldr
2716:(PDF)
2699:(PDF)
2392:seiðr
2180:: 66.
1069:Ög 77
1011:robes
977:, or
942:This
885:seiðr
877:seiðr
866:seiðr
853:seiðr
842:Seiðr
820:seiðr
806:vargr
802:wearg
775:utlah
771:exlex
746:thing
698:seiðr
690:seiðr
449:s or
392:fiend
388:seiðr
362:scoff
338:skald
331:scald
267:of a
129:nithe
114:, or
4738:Goði
4723:Ergi
4702:Yule
4601:Blót
4509:Edda
3971:Nótt
3966:Elli
3961:Dagr
3908:Jörð
3851:Glær
3841:Gísl
3702:Búri
3697:Borr
3677:Auðr
3621:H–He
3546:Litr
3468:Ymir
3423:Þökk
3388:Logi
3383:Litr
3213:Beli
3188:Ægir
3050:Sága
3025:Lofn
3020:Irpa
3015:Ilmr
3005:Hlín
2937:Ullr
2927:Thor
2917:Odin
2897:Máni
2892:Loki
2872:Höðr
2829:Æsir
2787:and
2737:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2660:link
2612:link
2564:link
2521:link
2492:link
2463:link
2434:link
2387:Seid
2355:link
2326:link
2297:link
2268:link
2239:link
2207:link
2141:link
2112:link
2083:link
2056:: 3.
2035:link
2006:link
1940:link
1911:link
1882:link
1853:link
1802:link
1770:link
1738:link
1692:link
1660:link
1631:link
1602:link
1549:link
1520:link
1491:link
1462:link
1433:link
1404:link
1358:link
1329:link
1291:link
1259:link
1230:link
1189:link
1123:Raca
1077:Sm 2
1073:Sm 5
1007:seid
999:seid
995:seid
971:Sm 5
881:seid
870:argr
858:Earg
794:warc
716:and
688:The
668:and
660:Loki
642:earg
624:ergi
560:The
554:earg
482:earg
470:ergi
413:Argr
407:ragr
401:argr
374:scop
297:argr
293:ragr
289:ergi
281:ergi
277:Ergi
265:ergi
222:ergi
220:and
218:ragr
214:argr
202:ragr
198:argr
186:ragr
184:and
182:argr
178:Ergi
174:ragr
170:argr
168:and
165:Ergi
151:ergi
141:Neid
135:nijd
70:nīth
4763:Nīþ
4606:Hof
4074:Hel
3806:Hel
3641:T–Y
3636:P–S
3631:I–O
3616:F–G
3611:D–E
3606:B–C
3556:Ótr
3358:Iði
3105:Vör
3100:Vár
3085:Syn
3080:Sól
3055:Sif
3040:Rán
3000:Gná
2975:Eir
2970:Bil
2932:Týr
2922:Óðr
1154:níþ
1150:OED
1040:or
1038:níð
732:nīþ
662:in
602:On
404:or
301:níð
299:or
172:or
122:).
55:níð
45:nīþ
18:Níð
4855::
4656:Vé
3363:Ím
2814:,
2809:,
2684:^
2675:-
2656:}}
2652:{{
2608:}}
2604:{{
2583:74
2581:.
2560:}}
2556:{{
2517:}}
2513:{{
2488:}}
2484:{{
2459:}}
2455:{{
2430:}}
2426:{{
2410:^
2374:41
2372:.
2351:}}
2347:{{
2322:}}
2318:{{
2293:}}
2289:{{
2264:}}
2260:{{
2235:}}
2231:{{
2215:^
2203:}}
2199:{{
2176:.
2137:}}
2133:{{
2108:}}
2104:{{
2079:}}
2075:{{
2052:.
2031:}}
2027:{{
2002:}}
1998:{{
1982:^
1959:25
1957:.
1936:}}
1932:{{
1907:}}
1903:{{
1878:}}
1874:{{
1849:}}
1845:{{
1824:33
1822:.
1798:}}
1794:{{
1778:^
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1668:^
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1594:{{
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1181:{{
1165:^
1054:o-
932:a
808:.
674:.
303:.
295:,
291:,
216:,
204:,
180:,
118::
110::
106:,
96::
68::
64:;
60::
53::
3601:A
2818:,
2777:e
2770:t
2763:v
2745:.
2679:.
2662:)
2631:5
2614:)
2566:)
2523:)
2494:)
2465:)
2436:)
2357:)
2328:)
2299:)
2270:)
2241:)
2209:)
2178:2
2143:)
2114:)
2085:)
2054:9
2037:)
2008:)
1942:)
1913:)
1884:)
1855:)
1804:)
1772:)
1740:)
1694:)
1662:)
1633:)
1604:)
1551:)
1522:)
1493:)
1464:)
1435:)
1406:)
1360:)
1331:)
1293:)
1261:)
1232:)
1191:)
1113:)
1087:R
556:,
420:.
100:/
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49:(
34:.
20:)
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