Non-linear editing - Knowledge (XXG)

40: 873:. Because it implemented its own compression software designed specifically for non-linear editing, the Eidos system had no requirement for JPEG hardware and was cheap to produce. The software could decode multiple video and audio streams at once for real-time effects at no extra cost. But most significantly, for the first time, it supported unlimited cheap removable storage. The Eidos Edit 1, Edit 2, and later Optima systems let the editor use 343: 357: 393:. The take-up of these software titles is to an extent dictated by cost and subscription licence arrangements, as well as the rise in mobile apps and free software. As of January 2019, Davinci Resolve has risen in popularity within professional users and others alike - it had a user base of more than 2 million using the free version alone. This is a comparable user base to Apple's 1044:, their adoption has grown. Their popularity has been driven largely by efficiencies arising from opportunities for greater collaboration and the potential for cost savings derived from using a shared platform, hiring rather than buying infrastructure, and the use of conventional IT equipment over hardware specifically designed for video editing. 215:(EDL) which can be taken, together with the source tapes, to an online quality tape or film editing suite. The EDL is then read into an edit controller and used to create a replica of the offline edit by playing portions of the source tapes back at full quality and recording them to a master as per the exact edit points of the EDL. 373:. This software is likely to be present in almost all post-production houses globally, and it is used for feature films, television programs, advertising and corporate editing. In 2011, reports indicated, "Avid is still the most-used NLE on prime-time TV productions, being employed on up to 90 percent of evening broadcast shows." 621:

decks provided a simulation of random-access playback of a lengthy edited sequence without any re-recording. The theory was that with so many copies of the rushes, there could always be one machine cued up to replay the next shot in real time. Changing the EDL could be done easily, and the results seen immediately.

929:. After various companies made offers, Keygrip was purchased by Apple as Steve Jobs wanted a product to compete with Adobe Premiere in the desktop video market. At around the same time, Avid—now with Windows versions of its editing software—was considering abandoning the Macintosh platform. Apple released 804:

Until 1993, the Avid Media Composer was most often used for editing commercials or other small-content and high-value projects. This was primarily because the purchase cost of the system was very high, especially in comparison to the offline tape-based systems that were then in general use. Hard disk

620:

was demonstrated at NAB. Montage used 17 identical copies of a set of film rushes on modified consumer Betamax VCRs. A custom circuit board was added to each deck that enabled frame-accurate switching and playback using vertical interval timecode. Intelligent positioning and sequencing of the source

517:

were first developed in the 1950s, the only way to edit was to physically cut the tape with a razor blade and splice segments together. While the footage excised in this process was not technically destroyed, continuity was lost and the footage was generally discarded. In 1963, with the introduction

218:

Editing software records the editor's decisions in an EDL that is exportable to other editing tools. Many generations and variations of the EDL can exist without storing many different copies, allowing for very flexible editing. It also makes it easy to change cuts and undo previous decisions simply

1007:

The demands of video editing in terms of the volumes of data involved means the proximity of the stored footage being edited to the NLE system doing the editing is governed partly by the capacity of the data connection between the two. The increasing availability of broadband internet combined with

888:

In the early 1990s, a small American company called Data Translation took what it knew about coding and decoding pictures for the US military and large corporate clients and spent $ 12 million developing a desktop editor based on its proprietary compression algorithms and off-the-shelf parts. Their

105:

In linear video editing, the product is assembled from beginning to end, in that order. One can replace or overwrite sections of material but never cut something out or insert extra material. Non-linear editing removes this restriction. Conventional film editing is a destructive process because the

316:

The video server transfers feeds to and from shared storage that is accessible by all editors. Media in the appropriate codec on the server need only be transferred. If recorded with a different codec, media must be transcoded during transfer. In some cases (depending on material), files on shared

562:

drives the size of washing machines that could store a half-hour worth of video & audio for editing. These disk packs were commonly used to store data digitally on mainframe computers of the time. The 600 had a console with two monitors built in. The right monitor, which played the preview

223:

is also controlled, due to not having to repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied. Generation loss can still occur in digital video or audio when using lossy video or audio compression algorithms as these introduce artifacts into the source material with each encoding or

74:

for still images, is used to keep track of edits. Each time the edited audio, video, or image is rendered, played back, or accessed, it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps. Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the

953:

to digital—it was recorded as digital to start with—and FireWire offered a straightforward way to transfer video data without additional hardware. With this innovation, editing became a more realistic proposition for software running on standard computers. It enabled desktop editing, producing

857:

on PC to store the video on removable storage. The content needed to be stored on fixed hard disks instead. The secure tape paradigm of keeping your content with you was not possible with these fixed disks. Editing machines were often rented from facilities houses on a per-hour basis, and some

243:

Compared to the linear method of tape-to-tape editing, non-linear editing offers the flexibility of film editing, with random access and easy project organization. In non-linear editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during editing. This is one of the biggest advantages of

1131:

techniques to reduce the amount of memory occupied. Improvements in compression techniques and disk storage capacity have mitigated these concerns, and the migration to high-definition video and audio has virtually removed this concern completely. Most professional NLEs are also able to edit

651:

The original Montage system won an Academy Award for Technical Achievement in 1988. Montage was reincarnated as Montage II in 1987, and Montage III appeared at NAB in 1991, using digital disk technology, which should prove to be considerably less cumbersome than the Betamax system.

847:

Although M-JPEG became the standard codec for NLE during the early 1990s, it had drawbacks. Its high computational requirements ruled out software implementations imposing extra cost and complexity of hardware compression/playback cards. More importantly, the traditional tape

492:

Modern web-based editing systems can take video directly from a camera phone over a mobile connection, and editing can take place through a web browser interface, so, strictly speaking, a computer for video editing does not require any installed hardware or software beyond a

669:

in 1985. Although it was more of a video effects system, it had some non-linear editing capabilities. Most importantly, it could record (and apply effects to) 80 seconds (due to hard disk space limitations) of broadcast-quality uncompressed digital video encoded in 8-bit

299:

The video server records feeds with a codec readable by the editing system, has network connection to the editor and allows direct editing. The editor previews material directly on the server (which it sees as remote storage) and edits directly on the server without

905:

was also a contender for media production companies. The Imix Video Cube had a control surface with faders to allow mixing and shuttle control. Data Translation's Media 100 came with three different JPEG codecs for different types of graphics and many resolutions.

157:, localization, take number, name of the clip) or manually (players names, characters, in sports). It is then possible to access any frame by entering directly the timecode or the descriptive metadata. An editor can, for example, at the end of the day in the 587:, which used several LaserDiscs of the same raw footage to simulate random-access editing. EditDroid was demonstrated at NAB in 1984. EditDroid was the first system to introduce modern concepts in non-linear editing such as timeline editing and clip bins. 896:

Around the same period, other competitors provided non-linear systems that required special hardware—typically cards added to the computer system. Fast Video Machine was a PC-based system that first came out as an offline system, and later became more

720:

in 1989 with the EMC2 editor, a PC-based non-linear off-line editing system that utilized magneto-optical disks for storage and playback of video, using half-screen-resolution video at 15 frames per second. A couple of weeks later that same year,

504:

Nowadays there is a huge amount of home editing which takes place both on desktop and tablets or smartphones. The social media revolution has brought about a significant change in access to powerful editing tools or apps, at everyone's disposal.

852:

had involved editing from videotape, often in a rented facility. When the editor left the edit suite, they could securely take their tapes with them. But the M-JPEG data rate was too high for systems like Avid/1 on the Apple Macintosh and

291:

The non-linear editing retrieves video media for editing. Because these media exist on the video server or other mass storage that stores the video feeds in a given codec, the editing system can use several methods to access the material:

376:

Since then the rise in semi-professional and domestic users of editing software has seen a large rise in other titles becoming very popular in these areas. Other significant software used by many editors is Adobe Premiere Pro (part of

660:

and the linear videotape method using U-matic VCRs. Computer processing advanced sufficiently by the end of the 1980s to enable true digital imagery and has progressed today to provide this capability in personal desktop computers.

858:

productions chose to delete their material after each edit session, and then ingest it again the next day to guarantee the security of their content. In addition, each NLE system had storage limited by its fixed disk capacity.

1008:

the use of lower-resolution copies of original material provides an opportunity to not just review and edit material remotely but also open up access to far more people to the same content at the same time. In 2004 the first

655:

All of these original systems were slow, cumbersome, and had problems with the limited computer horsepower of the time, but the mid-to-late-1980s saw a trend towards non-linear editing, moving away from film editing on

1619: 66:. In offline editing, the original content is not modified in the course of editing. In non-linear editing, edits are specified and modified by specialized software. A pointer-based playlist, effectively an 1196:

In editing facilities rented by the hour or the day, a production's digitized rushes would usually be deleted at the end of the hire, so that the full amount of hard disk storage was available to the next

664:

An example of computing power progressing to make non-linear editing possible was demonstrated in the first all-digital non-linear editing system, the "Harry" effects compositing system manufactured by

244:

non-linear editing compared to linear editing. With the EDLs, the editor can work on low-resolution copies of the video. This makes it possible to edit both standard-definition broadcast quality and

805:

storage was also expensive enough to be a limiting factor on the quality of footage that most editors could work with or the amount of material that could be held digitized at any one time.

918:

board. These other companies caused tremendous downward market pressure on Avid. Avid was forced to continually offer lower-priced systems to compete with the Media 100 and other systems.

925:

development team left Adobe to start a project called "Keygrip" for Macromedia. Difficulty raising support and money for development led the team to take their non-linear editor to the

192:

applications, video and audio data are first captured to hard disk-based systems or other digital storage devices. The data are then imported into servers employing any necessary

571:

computer served as a controller for the whole system. Because the video edited on the 600 was in low-resolution black and white, the 600 was suitable only for offline editing.

172:. However, with the use of non-linear editing systems, the destructive act of cutting of film negatives is eliminated. It can also be viewed as the audio/video equivalent of 126:, rather than recordings on reels or tapes. While linear editing is tied to the need to sequentially view film or hear tape, non-linear editing enables direct access to any 530:. The original recordings are not destroyed or altered in this process. However, since the final product is a copy of the original, there is a generation loss of quality. 251:

The costs of editing systems have dropped such that non-linear editing tools are now within the reach of home users. Some editing software can now be accessed free as

1127:

An early concern with non-linear editing had been picture and sound quality available to editors. Storage limitations at the time required that all material undergo

240:

are very widely used as they allow for dramatic reductions on file size while often being indistinguishable from the uncompressed or losslessly compressed original.

1056:

in NLE was fairly new, but it was being used in the creation of many movies throughout the world, due to the increased use of advanced 4K cameras such as the

1310: 773:

to store video clips and audio, and supported complex scripted playback. The Flyer provided simultaneous dual-channel playback, which let the Toaster's

877:

Eidos system, rather than being tied down to a particular one, and still keep his data secure. The Optima software editing system was closely tied to

1668: 820:. By February 1993, this team had integrated a long-form system that let the Avid Media Composer running on the Apple Macintosh access over seven 797:

algorithm known as VTASC, which was well regarded at the time for offering better visual quality than comparable non-linear editing systems using

933:

in 1999, and despite not being taken seriously at first by professionals, it has evolved into a serious competitor to entry-level Avid systems.

362:

Blackmagic DaVinci Resolve non-linear editing system panel: Advanced panel, with four trackballs and rotatable rings, designed for color grading

248:

broadcast quality very quickly on desktop computers that may not have the power to process huge full-quality high-resolution data in real-time.

1767: 973: 567:. The editor selected from options superimposed as text over the preview video. The left monitor was used to display the edited video. A DEC 1595: 1040:. Despite their reliance on a network connection, the need to ingest material before editing can take place, and the use of lower-resolution 1021: 870: 829: 2217: 1465: 474:

camera, with its video editing software. Various editing tasks could then be performed on the imported video before export to another

949:(FireWire/iLink), a simple and inexpensive way of getting video into and out of computers. Users no longer had to convert video from 1652: 1642: 1230: 1057: 966:

has continued this trend, making it possible to edit HD material on a standard computer running a software-only editing system.

793:

controllers. Two of these SCSI buses were used to store video data, and the third to store audio. The Flyer used a proprietary

2232: 1856: 1568: 1146: 979:

Since 2000, many personal computers include basic non-linear video editing software free of charge. This is the case of Apple

1691: 1527: 754:(1993) was the first film edited with Avid Media Composer, and the first long-form documentary so edited was the HBO program 94:(DAW) system. These perform non-destructive editing on source material. The name is in contrast to 20th-century methods of 778: 1715: 1406: 1028:

the following year. Since that time a number of other cloud-based editors have become available including systems from

1547: 1741:

Episode of the TV show "The Computer Chronicles" from 1990, which includes a feature on the first Avid Media Composer

1295: 972:

is an industry standard used for major feature films, television programs, and commercials. Final Cut Pro received a

30:

This article is about a video or audio production method. For consumer uses of non-linear media including games, see

1760: 1487: 1175: 91: 1334: 1103:

was relatively new. 8K video editing requires advanced hardware and software capable of handling the standard.

1025: 781:. The Flyer portion of the Video Toaster/Flyer combination was a complete computer of its own, having its own 744:

systems from the late 1980s) was somewhat low (about VHS quality), due to the use of a very early version of a

617: 1009: 2189: 717: 2227: 2174: 2148: 1388: 750: 687: 632: 590:

The LA-based post house Laser Edit also had an in-house system using recordable random-access LaserDiscs.

323:

The editor downloads the material and edits it locally. This method can be used with the previous methods.

205: 169: 71: 2222: 2143: 2006: 1930: 1753: 1676: 1088: 988: 245: 233: 1115:'s Live Picture brought non-destructive editing to the professional market and current efforts such as 769:

included non-linear editing capabilities in addition to processing live video signals. The Flyer used

2163: 1966: 1831: 1013: 915: 523: 378: 305: 201: 165: 95: 75:

original content, changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous, and it prevents further

2237: 1892: 1877: 1800: 1017: 996: 878: 794: 762: 451: 409: 272: 869:-based computers from the UK and implemented an editing system, launched in Europe in 1990 at the 2138: 1841: 1141: 922: 748:(M-JPEG) codec. It was sufficient, however, to provide a versatile system for offline editing. 455: 404: 260: 212: 67: 999:

for the Windows platform. This phenomenon has brought low-cost non-linear editing to consumers.

2153: 2090: 2001: 1991: 1925: 1846: 1648: 1591: 1523: 1226: 1128: 942: 862: 817: 786: 638: 626: 471: 204:. Once imported, the source material can be edited on a computer using any of a wide range of 135: 119: 594: 1908: 1851: 866: 833: 606: 475: 31: 1473: 2179: 2105: 2100: 2083: 2057: 1996: 1961: 1861: 1810: 1795: 1151: 1080: 1068: 1061: 1029: 969: 902: 841: 730: 722: 609:". By 1985 it was used on over 80% of filmed network programs and Cinedco was awarded the 419: 414: 394: 386: 311: 252: 220: 173: 76: 51: 1270: 812:

of storage at once. This limitation was overcome by a digital video R&D team at the

693:—which popularized this terminology over other terminology common at the time, including 579:

Non-linear editing systems were built in the 1980s using computers coordinating multiple

1364: 2184: 2062: 1246: 1076: 1064: 898: 893:

entered the market, providing would-be editors with a low-cost, high-quality platform.

813: 782: 774: 741: 737:

systems were used) with special hardware and software developed and installed by Avid.

726: 610: 370: 1611: 1174:

was developed for sound post-production. This is considered to be one of the earliest

832:

conference in 1993 in the booths of the three primary sub-system manufacturers, Avid,

342: 2211: 2158: 2120: 2078: 2041: 2031: 1836: 1100: 1053: 950: 930: 644: 467: 423: 382: 264: 177: 158: 63: 59: 55: 1572: 583:

or banks of VCRs. One example of these tape and disc-based systems was Lucasfilm's

114:

A non-linear editing approach may be used when all assets are available as files on

39: 2194: 2036: 2010: 1956: 1790: 1776: 911: 889:

aim was to democratize the desktop and take some of Avid's market. In August 1993,

734: 459: 356: 229: 189: 115: 99: 1421: 828:, long-form non-linear editing was now possible. The system made its debut at the 605:

VCRs for offline editing. Ediflex was introduced in 1983 on the Universal series "

161:, easily retrieve all the clips related to the players who received a gold medal. 17: 1935: 1805: 798: 745: 543: 494: 301: 193: 127: 1271:"Workflow Breakdown of Every Best Picture and Best Editing 2018 Oscars Nominee" 914:

was released by TouchVision Systems, Inc. in the mid-1990s and worked with the

716:

Non-linear editing with computers as it is known today was first introduced by

90:) is a video editing (NLVE) program or application, or an audio editing (NLAE) 1247:"Avid Media Composer commands 4.57% market share in Audio & Video Editing" 1171: 1112: 1072: 854: 770: 555: 429: 390: 276: 211:

The end product of the offline non-linear editing process is a frame-accurate

197: 143: 131: 844:

editing equipment in major motion picture studios and TV stations worldwide.

369:

The leading professional non-linear editing software for many years has been

219:

by editing the EDL (without having to have the actual film data duplicated).

2095: 2026: 1918: 1887: 1882: 1723: 1119:

provide an implementation being used in open-source image editing software.

946: 890: 824:

of digital video data. With instant access to the shot footage of an entire

821: 809: 584: 580: 564: 559: 514: 439: 268: 256: 123: 1740: 613:

for "Design and Implementation of Non-Linear Editing for Filmed Programs."

1971: 1913: 984: 926: 849: 671: 554:. It recorded and played back black-and-white analog video recorded in " 522:

Editec, videotape could be edited electronically with a process known as

498: 463: 154: 150: 962:

In early 2000, the introduction of highly compressed HD formats such as

777:

perform transitions and other effects on video clips without additional

2110: 1498: 1033: 882: 666: 657: 598: 551: 539: 434: 139: 563:

video, was used by the editor to make cuts and edit decisions using a

153:

is attached to the clip. That metadata can be attached automatically (

2115: 1940: 1037: 992: 980: 568: 526:

by selectively copying the original footage to another tape called a

280: 1826: 1641:

Harrington, Richard; Weiser, Mark; Pixel, RHED (12 February 2019).

1612:"NBC LEADS EMMY WINNERS WITH 15 HONORS IN BEHIND-SCENES CATEGORIES" 954:

high-quality results at a fraction of the cost of earlier systems.

1084: 825: 808:

Up until 1992, the Apple Macintosh computers could access only 50

766: 519: 225: 38: 758:, which won a National Primetime Emmy Award for Editing in 1993. 1116: 837: 790: 482: 479: 1749: 1745: 983:

for the Macintosh platform, various open-source programs like

963: 945:

video formats for consumer and professional use. With DV came

907: 602: 547: 486: 237: 1407:"Adobe, Avid, Blackmagic Design: The Big 3 NLEs at NAB 2019" 1187:

Laser Edit later merged with Pacific Video as Laser-Pacific.

648:, for one) and on hundreds of commercials and music videos. 624:

The first feature edited on the Montage was Sidney Lumet's

317:

storage can be edited even before the transfer is finished.

164:

The non-linear editing method is similar in concept to the

840:. Within a year, thousands of these systems had replaced 1644:

Producing Video Podcasts: A Guide for Media Professionals

1389:"The Big 3 NLEs And Their Place in Today's Film Industry" 885:

in the late 1990s, Eidos discontinued the Optima system.

106:

original film must be physically cut to perform an edit.

1445: 941:

Another leap came in the late 1990s with the launch of

283:, come included with the appropriate operating system. 725:

introduced the Avid/1, the first in the line of their

1692:"Popular Non-Linear Editors in 2014 Which Support 4K" 921:

Inspired by the success of Media 100, members of the

1520:

Nonlinear: A Guide to Digital Film and Video Editing

691:

Nonlinear: A Guide to Digital Film and Video Editing

593:

The most popular non-linear system in the 1980s was

2131: 2071: 2050: 2019: 1984: 1949: 1901: 1870: 1819: 1783: 1311:"The Aussie tech company behind the Oscar nominees" 861:These issues were addressed by a small UK company, 397:, which also had 2 million users as of April 2017. 1541: 1539: 1132:uncompressed video with the appropriate hardware. 881:hardware, so when Acorn stopped manufacturing the 686:was formalized in 1991 with the publication of 636:on the system, and Stanley Kubrick used it for 27:Non-destructive audio, video, or image editing 1761: 1569:"Developments in Post Production 1946 - 1991" 1060:. Examples of software for this task include 642:. It was used on several episodic TV shows ( 8: 1335:"The Seven Year Itch – FCP X, Zero to Hero?" 740:The video quality of the Avid/1 (and later 454:for non-linear editing of video may have a 1867: 1768: 1754: 1746: 1590:. Melbourne: Enriched Books. p. 448. 1466:"The History of Digital Nonlinear Editing" 1296:"Broadcast Engineering: Nonlinear editors" 1111:For imaging software, early works such as 259:(focused on the professional market) and 79:as the audio, video, or image is edited. 1513: 1511: 674:format on its built-in hard disk array. 1622:from the original on September 28, 2015 1488:"A Brief History Of Electronic Editing" 1382: 1380: 1378: 1210: 1163: 974:Technology & Engineering Emmy Award 789:. Its hardware included three embedded 538:The first truly non-linear editor, the 1420:updated, Cat Ellis last (2018-04-09). 1359: 1357: 1355: 871:International Broadcasting Convention 149:When ingesting audio or video feeds, 7: 1216: 1214: 1016:and based on technology invented by 450:Early consumer applications using a 1675:. September 1, 2011. Archived from 1618:. Padadena, CA. September 8, 1986. 630:. Notably, Francis Coppola edited 348:Avid Media Composer software in use 184:Broadcast workflows and advantages 142:to reach it, as is necessary with 25: 70:(EDL), for video and audio, or a 43:A non-linear video editing studio 1387:Kroll, Noam (November 7, 2014). 355: 341: 1393:The Beat: A Blog by PremiumBeat 1147:Index of video-related articles 180:editing in the consumer space. 1588:Timeline, A History of Editing 1546:Fraser Harrison (2013-03-14). 1: 729:systems. It was based on the 995:for the Linux platform, and 756:Earth and the American Dream 542:, was introduced in 1971 by 176:, which is why it is called 134:, without having to play or 1690:Radev, Vlady (2014-07-11). 1309:Waters, Cara (2019-01-27). 1225:. Focal Press. p. 14. 1170:A compatible system called 335:Non-linear editing examples 2254: 1365:"Post Technology Alliance" 1176:digital audio workstations 546:, a joint venture between 29: 2218:Film and video technology 1657:– via Google Books. 1315:The Sydney Morning Herald 618:Montage Picture Processor 92:digital audio workstation 84:non-linear editing system 1647:. Taylor & Francis. 1010:cloud-based video editor 146:linear editing systems. 1518:Rubin, Michael (1991). 1223:Practical DV Filmmaking 1221:Evans, Russell (2005). 597:, which used a bank of 534:First non-linear editor 400:Some notable NLEs are: 263:, can be downloaded as 2233:Video editing software 2175:Video editing software 2149:Post-classical editing 1369:pta.netflixstudios.com 1024:and recognized by the 1020:, was demonstrated at 865:. Eidos chose the new 718:Editing Machines Corp. 633:The Godfather Part III 466:connection to capture 287:Accessing the material 206:video editing software 72:directed acyclic graph 44: 2144:Soviet montage theory 1673:Broadcast engineering 1548:"What was EditDroid?" 1089:Cinelerra-GG Infinity 989:Cinelerra-GG Infinity 422:and its predecessor, 383:Apple Final Cut Pro X 234:Advanced Video Coding 42: 2164:Linear video editing 1298:. 20 September 2011. 713:editing, and so on. 524:linear video editing 379:Adobe Creative Cloud 96:linear video editing 1801:Attentional control 1669:"Nonlinear editors" 1586:Buck, John (1988). 1422:"Lightworks review" 997:Windows Movie Maker 795:wavelet compression 763:Video Toaster Flyer 733:computer platform ( 558:" mode on modified 452:multimedia computer 410:Avid Media Composer 371:Avid Media Composer 273:Windows Movie Maker 168:techniques used in 2169:Non-linear editing 2139:Continuity editing 1696:www.4kshooters.net 1142:Hard disk recorder 485:for transfer to a 456:video capture card 405:Adobe Premiere Pro 213:edit decision list 120:solid-state drives 68:edit decision list 48:Non-linear editing 45: 2205: 2204: 2190:Real-time editing 2154:In-camera editing 2091:Establishing shot 2002:Shot/reverse shot 1980: 1979: 1847:Multiple exposure 1597:978-0-646-49224-7 1522:. Triad Pub. Co. 1129:lossy compression 863:Eidos Interactive 787:embedded software 684:nonlinear editing 639:Full Metal Jacket 267:; and some, like 138:through adjacent 18:Nonlinear editing 16:(Redirected from 2245: 1868: 1852:Optical illusion 1770: 1763: 1756: 1747: 1728: 1727: 1722:. Archived from 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1616:Associated Press 1608: 1602: 1601: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1571:. Archived from 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1543: 1534: 1533: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1497:, archived from 1492: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1472:, archived from 1462: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1384: 1373: 1372: 1361: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1275:Frame.io Insider 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1257: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1218: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1179: 1168: 1018:Stephen Streater 834:Silicon Graphics 607:Still the Beaver 359: 345: 253:web applications 110:Basic techniques 32:Non-linear media 21: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2180:Offline editing 2127: 2106:External rhythm 2101:Internal rhythm 2084:Kuleshov effect 2067: 2058:180-degree rule 2046: 2015: 1976: 1945: 1897: 1866: 1815: 1796:Synchronization 1779: 1774: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1430: 1428: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1386: 1385: 1376: 1363: 1362: 1353: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1280: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1255: 1253: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1233: 1220: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1152:Version control 1138: 1125: 1109: 1097: 1081:DaVinci Resolve 1069:Final Cut Pro X 1050: 1005: 960: 939: 916:Action Media II 903:Imix video cube 751:Lost in Yonkers 731:Apple Macintosh 711:electronic film 688:Michael Rubin's 680: 577: 536: 511: 448: 424:Final Cut Pro 7 420:Final Cut Pro X 415:DaVinci Resolve 395:Final Cut Pro X 387:DaVinci Resolve 367: 366: 365: 364: 363: 360: 351: 350: 349: 346: 337: 336: 330: 289: 246:high definition 221:Generation loss 186: 174:word processing 112: 77:generation loss 52:offline editing 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2251: 2249: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2185:Online editing 2182: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2063:30-degree rule 2060: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1911: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1842:Points of view 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1765: 1758: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1735:External links 1733: 1730: 1729: 1726:on 2013-02-02. 1716:"Live Picture" 1707: 1682: 1679:on 2018-01-04. 1660: 1653: 1633: 1603: 1596: 1578: 1575:on 2012-03-02. 1567:Richard Seel. 1559: 1535: 1528: 1507: 1479: 1457: 1437: 1412: 1398: 1374: 1351: 1326: 1301: 1287: 1262: 1238: 1231: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1189: 1180: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1134: 1124: 1121: 1108: 1105: 1096: 1093: 1077:Adobe Premiere 1065:Media Composer 1049: 1046: 1004: 1001: 959: 956: 938: 935: 899:online editing 814:Disney Channel 783:microprocessor 775:video switcher 742:Media Composer 727:Media Composer 679: 676: 611:Technical Emmy 576: 573: 535: 532: 510: 507: 447: 444: 443: 442: 437: 432: 427: 417: 412: 407: 361: 354: 353: 352: 347: 340: 339: 338: 334: 333: 332: 331: 329: 326: 325: 324: 321: 318: 314: 312:Shared storage 309: 297: 288: 285: 185: 182: 118:, or on local 111: 108: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2250: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2228:Digital audio 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2196: 2195:Vision mixing 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159:Video editing 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2122: 2121:Stock footage 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2079:Reaction shot 2077: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2042:Walk and talk 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992:Cut on action 1990: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962:Invisible cut 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837:Eyeline match 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1654:9780240810294 1650: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1563: 1560: 1549: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1525: 1521: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504:on 2007-10-21 1500: 1496: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1476:on 2013-04-10 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1427: 1423: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1340: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1263: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1232:0-240-80738-3 1228: 1224: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1107:Image editing 1106: 1104: 1102: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1042:video proxies 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1002: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 977: 975: 971: 967: 965: 957: 955: 952: 948: 944: 936: 934: 932: 931:Final Cut Pro 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 904: 901:capable. The 900: 894: 892: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 856: 851: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 806: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 752: 747: 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699:random-access 696: 692: 689: 685: 677: 675: 673: 668: 662: 659: 653: 649: 647: 646: 645:Knots Landing 641: 640: 635: 634: 629: 628: 622: 619: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 588: 586: 582: 574: 572: 570: 566: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 533: 531: 529: 525: 521: 516: 508: 506: 502: 500: 496: 490: 488: 484: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468:digital video 465: 461: 457: 453: 445: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 425: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 374: 372: 358: 344: 328:Editor brands 327: 322: 319: 315: 313: 310: 307: 303: 298: 296:Direct access 295: 294: 293: 286: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 265:free software 262: 258: 255:; some, like 254: 249: 247: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224:re-encoding. 222: 216: 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 183: 181: 179: 178:desktop video 175: 171: 167: 166:cut and paste 162: 160: 159:Olympic Games 156: 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 136:scrub/shuttle 133: 130:in a digital 129: 125: 121: 117: 116:video servers 109: 107: 103: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 80: 78: 73: 69: 65: 64:image editing 61: 57: 53: 50:is a form of 49: 41: 37: 33: 19: 2223:Film editing 2168: 2037:Slow cutting 2011:Flashforward 1997:Contrast cut 1985:Storytelling 1957:Fast cutting 1857:Split screen 1811:Parallel cut 1791:Choreography 1777:Film editing 1724:the original 1719: 1710: 1699:. Retrieved 1695: 1685: 1677:the original 1672: 1663: 1643: 1636: 1624:. Retrieved 1615: 1606: 1587: 1581: 1573:the original 1562: 1551:. Retrieved 1519: 1499:the original 1494: 1482: 1474:the original 1469: 1460: 1449:. Retrieved 1440: 1429:. Retrieved 1425: 1415: 1401: 1392: 1368: 1343:. Retrieved 1341:. 2018-06-20 1338: 1329: 1318:. Retrieved 1314: 1304: 1290: 1279:. Retrieved 1277:. 2018-03-05 1274: 1265: 1254:. Retrieved 1250: 1241: 1222: 1192: 1183: 1166: 1126: 1113:HSC Software 1110: 1098: 1052:As of 2014, 1051: 1041: 1006: 978: 968: 961: 940: 920: 912:D/Vision Pro 895: 887: 874: 860: 846: 807: 803: 760: 755: 749: 739: 735:Macintosh II 715: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 683: 681: 663: 654: 650: 643: 637: 631: 625: 623: 615: 592: 589: 578: 537: 527: 512: 503: 501:connection. 491: 460:analog video 449: 399: 375: 368: 290: 250: 242: 230:Apple ProRes 217: 210: 190:broadcasting 187: 163: 148: 113: 104: 100:film editing 87: 83: 81: 47: 46: 36: 1936:Slow motion 1902:Timelapsing 1806:Master shot 1470:Facer Ezine 1339:Newsshooter 1099:As of 2019 1091:for Linux. 1012:, known as 799:motion JPEG 771:hard drives 761:The NewTek 746:Motion JPEG 544:CMX Systems 495:web browser 458:to capture 302:transcoding 194:transcoding 128:video frame 2238:Filmmaking 2212:Categories 1862:Transition 1701:2023-05-26 1553:2019-08-29 1529:0937404853 1495:Non Linear 1451:2022-08-17 1446:"Shortcut" 1431:2022-03-25 1345:2019-09-21 1320:2019-09-21 1281:2022-03-25 1256:2022-03-25 1251:enlyft.com 1205:References 1172:SoundDroid 1073:Sony Vegas 1067:, Apple's 1058:Red Camera 855:Lightworks 581:LaserDiscs 556:skip-field 515:videotapes 430:Lightworks 391:Lightworks 277:Apple Inc. 198:digitizing 144:video tape 132:video clip 124:hard disks 2096:Long take 2032:Cross cut 2027:Smash cut 2007:Flashback 1919:Axial cut 1888:Long shot 1883:Match cut 1871:Insertion 1820:Technique 1426:TechRadar 1014:Blackbird 1003:The cloud 976:in 2002. 947:IEEE 1394 891:Media 100 842:35mm film 822:terabytes 810:gigabytes 779:rendering 709:editing, 705:editing, 697:editing, 695:real-time 682:The term 678:The 1990s 616:In 1984, 585:EditDroid 575:The 1980s 565:light pen 560:disk pack 440:Vegas Pro 320:Importing 269:Microsoft 257:Cinelerra 1972:Supercut 1931:Dissolve 1914:Jump cut 1878:Dialogue 1626:July 30, 1620:Archived 1136:See also 1101:8K video 1054:4K Video 985:Kdenlive 943:DV-based 927:NAB Show 923:Premiere 850:workflow 818:Rick Eye 765:for the 672:CCIR 601 658:Moviolas 499:internet 464:FireWire 446:Home use 306:transfer 228:such as 202:transfer 155:timecode 151:metadata 2132:Editing 2111:Footage 1967:Montage 1832:Cutaway 1784:Concept 1197:client. 1123:Quality 1034:WeVideo 910:-based 883:Risc PC 816:led by 707:virtual 667:Quantel 599:U-matic 595:Ediflex 552:Memorex 540:CMX 600 518:of the 509:History 497:and an 483:encoded 470:from a 435:Shotcut 261:Blender 140:footage 2116:B-roll 2020:Action 1941:Prelap 1893:Insert 1651: 1594: 1526: 1229: 1087:, and 1038:Grabyo 993:PiTiVi 981:iMovie 951:analog 569:PDP-11 528:master 476:medium 281:iMovie 226:codecs 62:, and 2171:(NLE) 1950:Other 1827:Clues 1720:Pixiq 1502:(PDF) 1491:(PDF) 1158:Notes 1085:Edius 879:Acorn 826:movie 767:Amiga 627:Power 520:Ampex 513:When 478:, or 462:or a 60:video 56:audio 2072:Term 2051:Rule 1926:Wipe 1649:ISBN 1628:2013 1592:ISBN 1524:ISBN 1227:ISBN 1117:GEGL 1062:Avid 1036:and 1030:Avid 991:and 970:Avid 838:Sony 836:and 791:SCSI 785:and 723:Avid 601:and 550:and 480:MPEG 389:and 236:and 98:and 54:for 1909:Cut 1026:RTS 1022:IBC 964:HDV 908:DOS 875:any 867:ARM 830:NAB 701:or 603:VHS 548:CBS 487:DVD 381:), 304:or 279:'s 275:or 271:'s 238:mp3 200:or 188:In 122:or 88:NLE 2214:: 2009:/ 1718:. 1694:. 1671:. 1614:. 1538:^ 1510:^ 1493:, 1468:, 1424:. 1391:. 1377:^ 1367:. 1354:^ 1337:. 1313:. 1273:. 1249:. 1213:^ 1095:8K 1083:, 1079:, 1075:, 1071:, 1048:4K 1032:, 987:, 958:HD 937:DV 801:. 703:RA 489:. 472:DV 385:, 232:, 208:. 196:, 170:IT 102:. 82:A 58:, 1769:e 1762:t 1755:v 1704:. 1630:. 1600:. 1556:. 1532:. 1454:. 1434:. 1409:. 1395:. 1371:. 1348:. 1323:. 1284:. 1259:. 1235:. 1178:. 426:. 308:. 86:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.