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326 A.D. is said to have found the original cross that Jesus was crucified on. When she found it, basil was growing in the earth in the shape of a cross. She named the plant "Vasiliki", or basil, which means, "of the king". She realized that the cross she found was Jesus's because when a sick woman kissed it, she was made well.
913:
492:
Many people in Greece don't eat basil because of its association with a religious event known as the "Elevation of the Cross". Although there are no set religious-related rules against eating this herb, many Greeks haven't developed the flavor for eating it. According to the story, Empress Helene in
434:
with deep-fried basil leaves. Basil (most commonly Thai basil) is commonly steeped in cream or milk to create an interesting flavor in ice cream or chocolates (such as truffles). The leaves are not the only part of basil used in culinary applications, the flower buds have a more subtle flavor and
483:
Annual herbs can be planted in the garden in spring. Annual herbs are also ideal for containers. Pots can be brought indoors for the winter and placed near a sunny window for harvesting through the cold months. Return the plants outdoors in the spring when the danger of frost is past, or simply
744:
Eugenol is a vanilloid contained in relatively high amounts in clove oil from
Eugenia caryophyllata, as well as cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and oil from the clove basil Ocimum gratissimum. While eugenol is often referred to as
701:
Acyclic monoterpenoid trienes such as p-myrcene and configurational isomers of p- ocimene are found in the oils of basil (leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Labiatae), bay (leaves of
Fimenta acris, Myrtaceae), hops (strobiles of Humulus lupulus,
2146:
2139:
882:
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42:
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793:
Baritaux, O.; Richard, H.; Touche, J.; Derbesy, M.; et al. (1992). "Effects of drying and storage of herbs and spices on the essential oil. Part I. Basil,
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534:
641:
Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses: Proceedings of the Fourth
National Symposium New Crops and New Uses: Biodiversity and Agricultural Sustainability
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in different proportions for various cultivars. The essential oil from
European basil contains high concentrations of
760:
Johnson, B. Christopher; et al. (1999). "Substantial UV-B-mediated induction of essential oils in sweet basil (
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609:. Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
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The Greek basil and various other basils have such different scents because the herb has a number of different
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James E. Simon; Mario R. Morales; Winthrop B. Phippen; Roberto Fontes Vieira; Zhigang Hao (1999).
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scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol. The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole and
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Miele, Mariangela; Dondero, R; Ciarallo, G; Mazzei, M; et al. (2001). "Methyleugenol in
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24:
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Ambrose, Dawn C. P.; Manickavasagan, Annamalai; Naik, Ravindra (25 July 2016).
634:"Basil: A Source of Aroma Compounds and a Popular Culinary and Ornamental Herb"
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Leafy
Medicinal Herbs: Botany, Chemistry, Postharvest Technology and Uses
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455:(estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1. Other constituents include:
395:
163:
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3140:
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1744:
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2128:
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430:, people add fresh basil leaves to thick soups. They also eat
374:
342:
18:
426:
also use fresh or dried basils in soups and other foods. In
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368:
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339:
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3999:
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2086:
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1258:
959:
674:
Terpenes: Flavors, Fragrances, Pharmaca, Pheromones
513:, basil is thought to have therapeutic properties.
362:
330:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1897:
2140:
939:
8:
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2800:
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2176:
2147:
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2125:
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932:
924:
832:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
585:. Etymology Online, Douglas Harper. 2018.
137:
122:
671:Eberhard Breitmaier (22 September 2006).
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
600:
598:
596:
522:
755:
753:
2327:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
885:from the original on 12 October 2016.
717:Transient Receptor Potential Channels
714:Md Shahidul Islam (4 February 2011).
677:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 11.
589:from the original on 25 October 2012.
563:from the original on 29 November 2014
537:from the original on 29 November 2014
7:
4428:acd80574-4e39-497c-ab3c-4b85a04d0989
734:from the original on 12 October 2013
691:from the original on 12 October 2013
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3899:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
3015:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
2755:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
916:from the original on 21 April 2017.
605:Simon, James E (23 February 1998).
406:The name "basil" comes from Latin,
4075:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77254147-1
660:from the original on 9 April 2008.
14:
414:), meaning "royal/kingly plant".
4539:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:452874-1
358:
326:
150:
23:
613:from the original on 2 May 2017
58:"Ocimum basilicum var. minimum"
34:needs additional citations for
1310:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
643:. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press.
1:
4035:Ocimum basilicum var. minimum
3973:Receptor/signaling modulators
2322:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
871:. CRC Press. pp. 120–1.
800:Flavour and Fragrance Journal
780:10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00767-5
410:, and Greek βασιλικόν φυτόν (
830:L. Cv. 'Genovese Gigante'".
511:traditional Chinese medicine
505:practices, such as those of
4646:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3601:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
2509:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
2379:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
2207:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
1122:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
865:Hiltunen R, Holm Y (2003).
559:. Collins Dictionary. n.d.
533:. Collins Dictionary. n.d.
484:replace with fresh plants.
4662:
390:) is a flowering herb and
3966:
1044:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
954:Culinary herbs and spices
292:
285:
147:Scientific classification
145:
136:
125:
4626:Medicinal plants of Asia
2586:Umbellularia californica
1942:Montreal steak seasoning
720:. Springer. p. 50.
3556:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
3338:Andrographis paniculata
868:Basil: The Genus Ocimum
3977:Ion channel modulators
3706:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
3201:Tripterygium wilfordii
2567:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
1898:
813:10.1002/ffj.2730070507
639:. In J. Janick (ed.).
3534:Lysophosphatidic acid
3914:Pregnenolone sulfate
3735:Euphorbia resinifera
3677:Euphorbia resinifera
3606:Phenylacetylrinvanil
3566:N-Oleoylethanolamide
3514:Homodihydrocapsaicin
2902:Pregnenolone sulfate
2765:Pregnenolone sulfate
2572:Thiopropanal S-oxide
2557:Tetrahydrocannabinol
2245:Allyl isothiocyanate
1793:Beau monde seasoning
1158:Limnophila aromatica
467:, among others. The
43:improve this article
4616:Flora of New Guinea
3819:Cannabigerolic acid
3581:Nordihydrocapsaicin
3542:(acidic conditions)
1917:Jamaican jerk spice
1539:Japanese pricklyash
439:Chemical components
3782:Vernonia tweediana
3361:African blue basil
3333:Bisandrographolide
2919:Steviol glycosides
2872:Hydroxycitronellal
2618:Dehydroligustilide
2438:Angelica acutiloba
2352:Dehydroligustilide
1893:Herbes de Provence
1524:Grains of paradise
1387:Crushed red pepper
1101:Houttuynia cordata
4636:Insect repellents
4598:
4597:
4462:Open Tree of Life
4001:Ocimum basilicum
3993:Taxon identifiers
3984:
3983:
3962:
3961:
3894:Meclofenamic acid
3700:melegueta peppers
3571:Nonivamide (PAVA)
3307:melegueta peppers
3227:
3226:
3173:
3172:
3085:
3084:
3005:Meclofenamic acid
2928:Stevia rebaudiana
2788:
2787:
2750:Meclofenamic acid
2656:
2655:
2546:melegueta peppers
2519:Phenacyl chloride
2474:N-Methylmaleimide
2464:Methyl salicylate
2409:Hydrogen peroxide
2362:Diallyl disulfide
2224:melegueta peppers
2122:
2121:
2094:Chinese herbology
1972:Pumpkin pie spice
1952:Old Bay Seasoning
1912:Italian seasoning
1858:Five-spice powder
1160:(rice-paddy herb)
1003:Indian bay leaf (
844:10.1021/jf000865w
727:978-94-007-0265-3
684:978-3-527-31786-8
650:978-0-9615027-0-6
557:"American: Basil"
435:they are edible.
313:
312:
260:O. basilicum
127:Ocimum basilicum
119:
118:
111:
93:
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4590:
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4555:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4515:
4503:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4490:Ocimum basilicum
4480:
4479:
4477:Ocimum_basilicum
4470:
4469:
4457:
4456:
4444:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4407:
4405:NBNSYS0200002716
4395:
4394:
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4381:
4369:
4368:
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4355:
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4342:
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4329:
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4303:
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4213:
4212:
4200:
4199:
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4186:
4177:
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4164:ocimum-basilicum
4154:
4153:
4141:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4117:Ocimum basilicum
4106:
4105:
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4087:Ocimum basilicum
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4004:
3988:
3829:Cannabigerovarin
3561:N-Oleoyldopamine
3467:Euodia ruticarpa
3433:Dihydrocapsaicin
3240:
3236:
3186:
3182:
3098:
3094:
2842:Cooling Agent 10
2801:
2797:
2669:
2665:
2187:4-Hydroxynonenal
2177:
2173:
2158:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2126:
1903:
1710:Tasmanian pepper
1691:Sichuan pepper (
1646:Pomegranate seed
1460:Dill / Dill seed
1315:Brazilian pepper
1278:Alligator pepper
1032:garlic / Chinese
948:
941:
934:
925:
918:
917:
893:
887:
886:
862:
856:
855:
828:Ocimum basilicum
823:
817:
816:
795:Ocimum basilicum
790:
784:
783:
762:Ocimum basilicum
757:
748:
747:
741:
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711:
705:
704:
698:
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638:
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590:
579:
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572:
570:
568:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
531:"British: Basil"
527:
412:basilikón phutón
384:Ocimum basilicum
381:
380:
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376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
357:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
338:
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325:
302:
296:Ocimum basilicum
155:
154:
141:
130:
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114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
16:Variety of basil
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4449:Observation.org
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4221:
4216:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4180:
4172:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4136:
4134:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4002:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3958:
3949:Tolfenamic acid
3869:Flufenamic acid
3765:
3672:Resiniferatoxin
3665:Ruta graveolens
3428:Diacyl glycerol
3223:
3207:
3169:
3165:
3145:
3131:
3081:
3067:Tolfenamic acid
3060:Ruta graveolens
3000:Flufenamic acid
2963:
2912:Ruta graveolens
2823:(intracellular)
2784:
2780:Tolfenamic acid
2735:Flufenamic acid
2713:
2689:Diacyl glycerol
2652:
2596:
2282:Cannabichromene
2192:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
2164:
2153:
2123:
2118:
2082:
2041:
2017:Tandoori masala
1764:
1641:Peruvian pepper
1529:Grains of Selim
1514:Aromatic ginger
1447:Bunium persicum
1254:
955:
952:
922:
921:
910:
895:
894:
890:
879:
864:
863:
859:
825:
824:
820:
792:
791:
787:
759:
758:
751:
737:
735:
728:
713:
712:
708:
694:
692:
685:
670:
669:
665:
657:
651:
636:
631:
630:
626:
616:
614:
604:
603:
594:
581:
580:
576:
566:
564:
555:
554:
550:
540:
538:
529:
528:
524:
519:
499:
490:
481:
453:methyl chavicol
441:
420:
404:
361:
352:
351:
329:
320:
319:
309:
304:
294:
281:
263:
149:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4659:
4657:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:wfo-0000253230
4579:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4530:
4517:
4504:
4494:
4481:
4471:
4458:
4445:
4432:
4422:
4409:
4396:
4383:
4370:
4357:
4344:
4331:
4318:
4305:
4292:
4279:
4266:
4253:
4240:
4227:
4214:
4201:
4188:
4178:
4168:
4155:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4107:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4066:
4053:
4040:
4025:
4009:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3748:
3743:
3727:
3713:
3703:
3685:
3669:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3639:Dorrigo pepper
3632:
3618:
3611:Phorbol esters
3608:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3459:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3398:
3388:
3381:Cannabidivarin
3378:
3368:
3349:camphor laurel
3342:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3192:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3012:
3010:Mefenamic acid
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2932:
2916:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2703:St John's wort
2696:
2691:
2686:
2683:St John's wort
2675:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2554:
2549:
2531:
2528:Dorrigo pepper
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2456:
2449:Sichuan pepper
2442:
2426:
2421:
2419:Isothiocyanate
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2364:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2312:Cinnamaldehyde
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2087:Related topics
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:Mulling spices
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Cinnamon sugar
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Voatsiperifery
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:Nigella sativa
1431:
1426:
1424:Coriander seed
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
973:
965:
963:
957:
956:
953:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
920:
919:
908:
888:
877:
857:
838:(1): 517–521.
818:
807:(5): 267–271.
785:
774:(4): 507–510.
767:Phytochemistry
749:
726:
706:
683:
663:
649:
624:
592:
574:
548:
521:
520:
518:
515:
498:
495:
489:
486:
480:
477:
473:methyl eugenol
445:essential oils
440:
437:
419:
416:
403:
400:
311:
310:
305:
290:
289:
287:Trinomial name
283:
282:
271:
269:
265:
264:
257:
255:
251:
250:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
143:
142:
134:
133:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4658:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Indian spices
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Flora of Asia
4609:
4608:
4606:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Ruthenium red
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3909:Niflumic acid
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3777:α-Spinasterol
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3504:Homocapsaicin
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:wild bergamot
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:camphor basil
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3219:Ruthenium red
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Ruthenium red
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Niflumic acid
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:; indirectly)
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Frescolat MGA
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Niflumic acid
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2649:
2648:Ruthenium red
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Methylglyoxal
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
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2377:
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2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2332:Cuminaldehyde
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2297:
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2250:
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2178:
2175:
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2167:
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2136:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2115:
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2110:
2107:
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2100:
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2077:
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2015:
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1987:Ras el hanout
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1982:Quatre épices
1980:
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1922:Khmeli suneli
1920:
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1894:
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1868:Garlic powder
1866:
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1803:Bouquet garni
1801:
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1570:
1569:Litsea cubeba
1567:
1565:
1562:
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1557:
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1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Juniper berry
1542:
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1527:
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1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Celery powder
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
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1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
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1178:
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1168:
1166:
1163:
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1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:Lemon verbena
1150:
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1145:
1143:
1140:
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1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
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929:
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909:9781780645599
905:
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878:9780203303771
874:
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508:
504:
503:folk medicine
497:Folk medicine
496:
494:
487:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
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432:fried chicken
429:
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177:Tracheophytes
175:
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81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4086:
4000:
3969:
3968:
3809:Cannabigerol
3780:
3733:
3675:
3663:
3625:black pepper
3585:chili pepper
3518:chili pepper
3508:chili pepper
3499:Hepoxilin B3
3494:Hepoxilin A3
3465:
3437:chili pepper
3395:chili pepper
3336:
3199:
3058:
2985:Clotrimazole
2926:
2910:
2862:Frescolat ML
2770:Progesterone
2679:Adhyperforin
2592:WIN 55,212-2
2585:
2436:
2404:Hepoxilin B3
2399:Hepoxilin A3
2370:
2302:Cannabigerol
1967:Powder-douce
1957:Panch phoron
1927:Lemon pepper
1863:Garam masala
1853:Fines herbes
1833:Curry powder
1813:Chaat masala
1692:
1671:Sarsaparilla
1631:Onion powder
1579:Mango-ginger
1445:
1438:
1372:Chili powder
1157:
1147:Lemon myrtle
1104:
1100:
1055:
1054:Vietnamese (
1004:
968:
898:
891:
867:
860:
835:
831:
827:
821:
804:
798:
794:
788:
771:
765:
761:
743:
736:. Retrieved
716:
709:
700:
693:. Retrieved
673:
666:
640:
627:
615:. Retrieved
577:
567:25 September
565:. Retrieved
551:
541:25 September
539:. Retrieved
525:
500:
491:
482:
442:
421:
418:Culinary use
411:
407:
405:
387:
383:
315:
314:
299:
295:
293:
277:
273:
272:
258:
246:
209:
196:
183:
170:
126:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4387:NatureServe
4309:iNaturalist
4111:Wikispecies
4029:Wikispecies
3944:Tivanisiran
3849:Capsazepine
3761:Zucapsaicin
3629:long pepper
3595:Pacific yew
3484:GSK1016790A
3371:Cannabidiol
3357:camphorweed
3045:RQ-00203078
3040:PF-05105679
2980:Capsazepine
2745:GSK2293017A
2709:Substance P
2694:GSK1702934A
2643:PF-04745637
2582:Umbellulone
2503:Pacific yew
2489:Oleocanthal
2468:wintergreen
2429:Ligustilide
2292:Cannabidiol
2257:horseradish
2066:Bangladeshi
1997:Sharena sol
1992:Recado rojo
1977:Qâlat daqqa
1937:Mixed spice
1873:Garlic salt
1838:Doubanjiang
1574:Long pepper
1534:Horseradish
1352:Celery seed
1225:Sanshō leaf
1142:Lemon grass
479:Cultivation
457:1,8-cineole
316:Greek basil
190:Angiosperms
4605:Categories
4572:WisFlora:
4513:kew-136820
4508:Plant List
4181:Calflora:
3839:Cannabinol
3739:pooissonii
3730:Tinyatoxin
3681:pooissonii
3645:Probenecid
3635:Polygodial
3591:Paclitaxel
3575:PAVA spray
3462:Evodiamine
3413:pepperwort
3328:Anandamide
3295:α-Sanshool
3243:Activators
3196:Triptolide
3189:Activators
3101:Activators
3077:TRPM4-IN-5
2995:Elismetrep
2923:stevioside
2851:eucalyptus
2847:Eucalyptol
2811:ADP-ribose
2804:Activators
2740:GSK417651A
2699:Hyperforin
2672:Activators
2552:Tear gases
2524:Polygodial
2514:PF-4840154
2499:Paclitaxel
2367:Dicentrine
2277:Bradykinin
2212:α-Sanshool
2180:Activators
2162:modulators
2104:Marination
2099:Herbal tea
2061:Australian
2057:By region
2032:Yuzu koshō
2022:Thuna paha
1962:Persillade
1715:Tonka bean
1651:Poppy seed
1559:Dried lime
1482:Fingerroot
1397:New Mexico
1305:Asafoetida
1137:Lemon balm
1095:Hoja santa
1075:Curry leaf
617:22 January
517:References
274:O. b.
99:April 2019
69:newspapers
4275:200019914
4262:200019914
4244:FloraBase
4020:Q65121094
3970:See also:
3954:TRPV3-74a
3939:SB-705498
3934:SB-366791
3884:Lanthanum
3879:HC-067047
3799:Asivatrep
3660:Rutamarin
3524:Incensole
3474:Gingerols
3443:Estradiol
3419:, others)
3401:Carvacrol
3391:Capsaicin
3285:13-oxoODE
3275:12S-HpETE
3255:5',6'-EET
3055:Rutamarin
2954:Thio-BCTC
2907:Rutamarin
2837:Coolact P
2628:HC-030031
2493:olive oil
2389:Gingerols
2202:12S-HpETE
2114:Spice rub
2109:Seasoning
2076:Pakistani
1907:Idli podi
1878:Gochujang
1828:Crab boil
1745:Yuzu zest
1676:Sassafras
1564:Liquorice
1470:Fenugreek
1407:Cultivars
402:Etymology
268:Variety:
254:Species:
236:Lamiaceae
160:Kingdom:
4565:17600210
4560:Tropicos
4474:PalDat:
4392:2.143721
4340:10766169
4327:452874-1
4171:BioLib:
4096:Wikidata
4014:Wikidata
3904:NGD-8243
3889:Mavatrep
3874:GRC-6211
3843:cannabis
3833:cannabis
3823:cannabis
3813:cannabis
3794:AMG-9810
3770:Blockers
3751:Vanillin
3746:Tramadol
3710:cannabis
3688:Shogaols
3621:Piperine
3385:cannabis
3375:cannabis
3353:rosemary
3270:12S-HETE
3265:9-oxoODE
3212:Blockers
3162:PI(4,5)P
3150:Blockers
3128:PI(3,5)P
3035:Ononetin
3020:Nicotine
2968:Blockers
2944:fructose
2936:tastants
2882:Linalool
2867:Geraniol
2827:CIM-0216
2718:Blockers
2633:Nicotine
2608:A-967079
2601:Blockers
2561:cannabis
2534:Shogaols
2479:Nicotine
2445:Linalool
2384:Formalin
2346:turmeric
2342:Curcumin
2316:cinnamon
2306:cannabis
2296:cannabis
2286:cannabis
2272:ASP-7663
2230:Acrolein
2053:Culinary
2027:Vadouvan
2002:Shichimi
1900:Húng lìu
1720:Turmeric
1705:Tamarind
1554:Korarima
1487:Galangal
1455:Deulkkae
1414:Cinnamon
1392:Jalapeño
1382:Chipotle
1330:Cardamom
1283:Allspice
1250:Woodruff
1240:Tarragon
1205:Rosemary
1170:Marjoram
1132:Lavender
1127:Kkaennip
1065:Culantro
1049:Bolivian
998:Bay leaf
970:Angelica
914:Archived
902:. CABI.
883:Archived
852:11170620
738:2 August
732:Archived
695:2 August
689:Archived
655:Archived
611:Archived
587:Archived
561:Archived
535:Archived
507:Ayurveda
449:linalool
408:basilius
392:cultivar
232:Family:
226:Lamiales
216:Asterids
203:Eudicots
4374:MoBotPF
4288:2927096
4205:Ecocrop
4062:8254455
4005:minimum
3924:RN-9893
3919:RN-1734
3789:AMG-517
3755:vanilla
3724:oregano
3696:Sichuan
3674:(RTX) (
3650:Protons
3613:(e.g.,
3546:Menthol
3528:incense
3448:Eugenol
3405:oregano
3345:Camphor
3313:Allicin
3303:Sichuan
3290:20-HETE
3280:13-HODE
3123:ML2-SA1
3024:tobacco
2975:AMG-333
2948:sucrose
2940:glucose
2938:(e.g.,
2921:(e.g.,
2887:Menthol
2821:Calcium
2637:tobacco
2613:AM-0902
2542:Sichuan
2483:tobacco
2372:Lindera
2249:mustard
2235:Allicin
2220:Sichuan
2197:4,5-EET
2159:channel
2037:Za'atar
1932:Mitmita
1883:Harissa
1798:Berbere
1788:Baharat
1755:Zereshk
1750:Zedoary
1730:Vanilla
1693:huājiāo
1666:Saffron
1656:Radhuni
1636:Paprika
1621:Njangsa
1616:Nigella
1594:Mustard
1492:greater
1402:Tabasco
1377:Cayenne
1357:Charoli
1325:Caraway
1320:Camphor
1288:Amchoor
1200:Perilla
1195:Parsley
1190:Oregano
1185:Mitsuba
1180:Mugwort
1105:giấp cá
1085:Epazote
1056:rau răm
1022:Chervil
607:"Basil"
583:"Basil"
488:Culture
465:myrcene
461:eugenol
424:Chinese
388:minimum
300:minimum
278:minimum
242:Genus:
222:Order:
164:Plantae
131:minimum
83:scholar
4641:Ocimum
4521:PLANTS
4467:305911
4425:NZOR:
4379:281408
4223:579364
4159:ARKive
4138:174891
4135:APDB:
4125:AoFP:
4102:Q38859
3864:DHEA-S
3716:Thymol
3692:ginger
3615:4α-PDD
3478:ginger
3317:garlic
3299:ginger
3260:9-HODE
3157:ML-SI3
3118:ML-SA1
3113:MK6-83
2934:Sweet
2897:PMD 38
2877:Icilin
2730:DHEA-S
2622:celery
2538:ginger
2433:celery
2424:JT-010
2414:Icilin
2393:ginger
2356:celery
2261:wasabi
2253:radish
2239:garlic
2216:ginger
2071:Indian
1888:Hawaij
1843:Douchi
1818:Chaunk
1783:Advieh
1778:Adjika
1770:Blends
1740:Wasabi
1681:Sesame
1626:Nutmeg
1589:Mahleb
1584:Mastic
1519:Golpar
1509:Ginger
1504:Garlic
1497:lesser
1465:Fennel
1362:Chenpi
1342:Cassia
1273:Ajwain
1268:Aonori
1260:Spices
1235:Sorrel
1220:Savory
1165:Lovage
1112:Hyssop
1039:Cicely
1027:Chives
1017:Borage
1005:tejpat
906:
875:
850:
764:L.)".
724:
681:
647:
463:, and
428:Taiwan
247:Ocimum
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4631:Herbs
4552:11649
4497:PFI:
4436:NZPCN
4418:39350
4366:32627
4353:36858
4335:IRMNG
4314:61398
4301:25478
4236:OCIBA
4197:48GBK
4184:12703
4174:41173
4151:85132
4049:OCIMN
3854:DCDPC
3720:thyme
3456:clove
3452:basil
3409:thyme
3323:AM404
3250:2-APB
3136:SF-22
3108:EVP21
3092:TRPML
2990:DCDPC
2959:WS-12
2725:DCDPC
2576:onion
2453:thyme
2375:spp.)
2336:cumin
2267:AM404
2046:Lists
2012:Tajin
2007:Tabil
1848:Duqqa
1808:Buknu
1725:Uzazi
1700:Sumac
1686:Shiso
1609:white
1604:brown
1599:black
1549:Kokum
1434:Cumin
1429:Cubeb
1419:Clove
1367:Chili
1335:black
1293:Anise
1245:Thyme
1230:Shiso
1117:Jimbu
1070:Cress
1012:Boldo
991:Lemon
976:Basil
961:Herbs
797:L.".
658:(PDF)
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