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protection, a source of mud nearby, and an adjacent forest. The females form long mud tubes consisting of multiple cells, which they fortify with paralyzed spiders. The female then lays an egg in each cell and leaves the nest; once the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the spiders. The larvae then pupate until they become adults. A female can either build a new nest, use an abandoned one, challenge another female making one to claim it as her own, or (on rare occasions) enter a freshly constructed one and remove the egg to replace it with her own. The female typically constructs five or six pipes in a cluster, either side-by-side or on top of each other. When pipes are added in layers, the survivability of the freshly hatched adults decreases, as they must chew their way out of a pipe to emerge. The more pipes clustered on top of one another, the less successful the new mud daubers are going to be to chew their way out alive. A newly hatched adult female usually begins building her new nest within 48 hours of leaving her birth nest.
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Mud daubers of this species are unique, compared to many other wasps, in that males stay at the mouth of the nest to protect the offspring. The male guards the young from intruders, parasites, and other males. This energy investment, to increase the likelihood in the survivability of their offspring,
267:
The organ pipe mud dauber ranges from
Southeastern Canada to the Eastern United States Mud daubers use tree holes or the underside of bridges to construct their nests out of mud. Nest site choice usually depends on three specifications - a smooth, vertical surface with ample shade and rainfall
313:. The unfertilized eggs generate males and fertilized eggs become females. Adult mothers feed the fertilized (female) eggs more than the unfertilized eggs. Because of this additional food allotment, females tend to be the larger of the two sexes. This uneven division of resources is called
526:"MOLUMBY, A. (1995), Dynamics of parasitism in the organ-pipe wasp, Trypoxylon politurn: effects of spatial scale on parasitoid functional response. Ecological Entomology, 20: 159-168. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1995.tb00442.x".
360:
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Cross, Earle A.; Mostafa, Amal E.-S.; Bauman, Thomas R.; Lancaster, Iva J. (1 October 1978). "Some
Aspects of Energy Transfer Between the Organ-Pipe Mud-Dauber Trypoxylon politum and Its Araneid Spider Prey 1".
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Organ pipe mud daubers are also an exceedingly docile species of wasp, and generally beneficial to have around, as they serve to keep spider populations down; larvae feed on living paralyzed spiders.
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190:. It is fairly large, ranging from 3.9–5.1 cm, and has been recorded to fly from May to September. Females and males are similar in colour, a shiny black, with the
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life-history pattern: Some wasps in these populations have offspring that emerge after winter, before the end of June. Other offspring in this geographical range
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251:, and may feed on them more commonly than previously thought, as the holes made by the titmouse are similar in shape and size to those made by
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Brockmann, H. Jane (2004). "Brockmann, H. J. (2004). Variable Life-History and
Emergence Patterns of the Pipe-Organ Mud-Daubing Wasp,
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372:
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790:"Why make daughters larger? Maternal sex-allocation and sex-dependent selection for body size in a mass-provisioning wasp,
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Downing, H. (1995). "Downing, H. (1995). Methods of Escape for Both Fly
Parasites and Wasps from the Clustered Pipes of
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48:
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Coward, Stuart J.; Matthews, Robert W. (1995). "S. J. Coward. & R. W. Matthews. (1995). Tufted
Titmouse (
325:, which offers an explanation as to why the bias for increased female food provision and body size exists.
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241:, chrysidid wasps, and various species of scavenger flies (Miltogramminae). The tufted titmouse (
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603:"Cross. E. A., Stith. M. G. & Bauman. T. R. (1975). Bionomics of the Organ-Pipe Mud-Dauber,
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Brockmann, H. Jane; Grafen, Alan (1989). "Mate conflict and male behaviour in a solitary wasp,
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Nests (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society, 68(4), 473 476".
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607:(Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, p.901-916".
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in North
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Say (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). University of
Georgia Theses and Dissertations"
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New organ pipe wasp nest showing different muds gathered at different places
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305:. The male may also help the female in nest construction. Like other wasps,
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624:(1980). "Brockman. J. (1980) Diversity in Nesting Behavior of Mud-Daubers (
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and reproduce after winter. North of central
Virginia, the wasps have a
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491:(Say) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Canadian Entomologist, 119, p.189-194"
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Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of mud daubers,
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Say; Sphecidae). Florida
Entomological Society, 63(1), pp 53-64".
545:). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68, p. 371-373".
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life-history pattern, and only produce one generation per year.
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Paralyzed spiders taken from a cell in an organ pipe wasp nest
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of the back leg being pale yellow to white. The organ pipe
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Organ pipe mud dauber with a spider, Woodbridge, Virginia
235:. Other sources of parasitism include the bombyliid fly
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An organ pipe mud dauber adding to her nest in Virginia
487:"Rehnberg, B.G. (1987). Selection of spider prey by
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354:An organ pipe wasp gathering mud in South Carolina
505:"Torres, C. S. A. S. (2004). Host location by
8:
700:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
669:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
547:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
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862:A pictorial life cycle of organ pipe wasps
858:, This Week at Hilton Pond, 1–7 April 2002
434:Coville. R. V. (1982). Wasps of the Genus
29:
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541:) Predation on Mud-Dauber Wasp Prepupae (
198:feeds mainly on three genera of spider:
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851:Bug of the Week: Organ Pipe Mud Dauber
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846:Florida Nature, Organ Pipe Mud Dauber
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431:Coville, Rollin E. (January 1981).
445:. University of California Press.
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1039:Insects of the United States
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317:. Females showed a positive
753:(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)".
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247:) is a known predator of
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630:The Florida Entomologist
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263:Distribution and habitat
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24:Organ pipe mud dauber
856:Pipeorgan Mud Daubers
171:organ pipe mud dauber
788:Molumby, A (1997).
507:Melittobia digitata
881:Trypoxylon politum
798:Behavioral Ecology
792:Trypoxylon politum
696:Trypoxylon politum
665:Trypoxylon politum
626:Trypoxylon politum
622:Brockmann, H. Jane
605:Trypoxylon Politum
587:10.1093/ee/7.5.647
543:Trypoxylon politum
511:Trypoxylon politum
489:Trypoxylon politum
379:Trypoxylon figulus
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1024:Crabronidae
957:iNaturalist
761:: 232–255.
747:Trypargilum
440:Trypargilum
319:correlation
253:T. politum
188:Crabronidae
111:Crabronidae
101:Hymenoptera
1018:Categories
833:Trypoxylon
743:Trypoxylon
436:Trypoxylon
415:References
383:Palearctic
307:T. politum
290:univoltine
286:overwinter
278:T. politum
249:T. politum
230:T. politum
217:Melittobia
196:mud dauber
122:Trypoxylon
81:Arthropoda
896:Q28771264
471:ignored (
461:cite book
438:Subgenus
323:fecundity
296:Behaviour
282:bivoltine
181:predatory
129:Species:
67:Kingdom:
61:Eukaryota
918:BugGuide
890:Wikidata
775:53184615
728:85731935
720:25086238
681:25085623
559:25085605
233:prepupae
201:Neoscona
192:end part
107:Family:
77:Phylum:
71:Animalia
57:Domain:
1001:6277581
988:1889571
975:1006869
949:8107175
751:politum
650:3494656
385:species
329:Gallery
238:Anthrax
211:Eustala
205:Araneus
179:) is a
117:Genus:
97:Order:
91:Insecta
87:Class:
936:TRYXPO
910:460485
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208:, and
162:, 1773
962:84844
771:S2CID
724:S2CID
716:JSTOR
677:JSTOR
646:JSTOR
555:JSTOR
160:Drury
983:NCBI
970:ITIS
944:GBIF
931:EPPO
923:7276
905:BOLD
473:help
447:ISBN
381:. A
220:, a
184:wasp
169:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
