53:
208:
31:
2848:
476:
released. This forms the fruiting body that overall has great plasticity through the ability to branch. Throughout this process from the solitary stage to the formation of the fruiting body, each cell maintains its individuality. Following the formation of the fruiting body, spores are released, and the cycle begins anew.
457:
After
Acrasis spores are released, they germinate into free living limax amoebae, where they use a single pseudopodium to move forward, reaching to become up to 32 micrometers long. During this stage they may experience conditions of starvation or dehydration where they differentiate into a microcyst
306:
Acrasis is found in terrestrial habitats on dead or decaying bark or dead tissue still attached to plants. They are often cultured using yeast which makes up most of their diet, but they are known to participate in cannibalism in their solitary mobile stage of life. They may also be found on living
475:
Within the mound one amoeba differentiates into a stalk cell that the others rest atop of, creating a structure called the sorogen. After the stalk grows from repeated cell differentiation into basal stalk cells, select cells form distal spore cells and the sporocarp structure from which they are
466:
Upon stimulation they begin to aggregate into the “slug” that will eventually begin to form a mound with others of the same species. Each cell keeps its individuality and only minor intracellular alterations are seen. One of the alterations seen in the cells between the vegetative and
378:
and require transportation in for the translation of the remaining mitochondrial genes. The reason for this gene deficiency is because of lateral genetic transfer from the mitochondria to the nucleus. What is uncommon is how recently this phenomenon occurred in the
458:
that has an extracellular cell wall. This microcyst can then differentiate back into the limax amoebae form. Alternatively, if conditions are favorable, a stimulus can signal the amoebae to aggregate together.
373:
has the most compact mitochondrial genome that requires additional transport activity due to the number of genes lost. tRNA genes, which are commonly found in most mitochondria sequences, are scarce in
708:
Fu, C. J.; Sheikh, S.; Miao, W.; Siv, G. E.; Andersson; Baldauf, S. L. (2014). "Missing Genes, Multiple ORFs, and C-to-U Type RNA Editing in
Acrasis kona (Heterolobosea, Excavata) Mitochondrial DNA".
327:, due to how they both aggregate in order to form a fruiting body. However, in their amoeboid form it was realized they were fundamentally different and molecular phylogenetic studies placed
2645:
2450:
2800:
274:
Each cell keeps its individuality even when it forms a stalk and fruiting body to reproduce. Slime molds were originally thought to be in a monophyletic group
223:
2619:
2437:
449:
Its reproductive cycle can be broken up to three distinct life stages where the
Acrasis cell experiences morphological and intracellular changes .
2889:
2774:
261:
The terms "Acrasiomycota" or "Acrasiomycetes" have been used when the group was classified as a fungus ("-mycota"). In some classifications,
399:, as most transfers between the mitochondria and nucleus happened in early endosymbiosis of mitochondrial ancestor into the ancestor of all
781:
754:
267:
was placed in
Acrasiomycetes, an artificial group of cellular slime molds, which was characterized by the aggregation of individual
2707:
814:
809:
2779:
2671:
893:
883:
866:
2882:
2580:
2424:
494:"Evidence for the Heterolobosea from phylogenetic analysis of genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase"
670:
Hohl, H. R.; Hamamoto, S. T. (1969). "Ultrastructure of
Acrasis rosea, a Cellular Slime Mold, During Development*".
52:
2805:
271:
into a multicellular fruiting body, making it an important factor that related the acrasids to the dictyostelids.
2913:
2918:
898:
2875:
2377:
2291:
774:
2281:
2338:
2328:
2225:
1484:
1176:
1166:
861:
2333:
2303:
2027:
1985:
1799:
1772:
1080:
2230:
2022:
1804:
1688:
1469:
1433:
1260:
1171:
2748:
2712:
2686:
2593:
2465:
2308:
2240:
2235:
1927:
1602:
1592:
1551:
1546:
1414:
1409:
1380:
621:
2766:
2611:
2506:
2323:
2271:
2258:
2220:
2215:
2139:
2017:
2012:
1932:
1623:
1582:
571:"A Morphologically Simple Species of Acrasis (Heterolobosea, Excavata), Acrasis helenhemmesae n. sp"
2908:
2266:
2173:
1729:
1479:
1459:
1438:
1385:
1112:
968:
2083:
2007:
1577:
1572:
1464:
1320:
1218:
1213:
2144:
2134:
1703:
1250:
973:
878:
856:
844:
819:
169:
47:
2168:
2151:
2129:
1698:
531:
Cavender J.C.; Spiegl F.; Swanson A. (2002). "Taxonomy, slime molds, and the questions we ask".
2650:
1809:
1238:
2813:
2694:
1265:
888:
851:
839:
829:
767:
750:
725:
687:
639:
590:
540:
513:
156:
2529:
2455:
1255:
2828:
2818:
2699:
2156:
2101:
1508:
1020:
803:
717:
679:
629:
582:
505:
2313:
2163:
2093:
1887:
1503:
1012:
610:"Aggregative Multicellularity Evolved Independently in the Eukaryotic Supergroup Rhizaria"
258:, meaning "acting against one's judgement". This group consists of cellular slime molds.
2415:
625:
431:. When in the grex, the amoeboids reproduce, resulting in fruit-like structures called
2859:
2761:
2606:
2571:
2501:
2298:
2209:
1919:
1874:
1751:
1739:
1708:
1228:
1208:
1133:
834:
683:
509:
424:
2902:
2106:
1974:
1865:
1782:
1397:
1337:
1188:
1161:
1043:
586:
439:
263:
107:
87:
39:
2178:
1965:
1678:
1375:
1332:
1327:
978:
953:
286:, however scientists uncovered that they were distinct groups, and eventually that
207:
30:
2556:
2492:
2429:
2676:
2632:
2585:
2565:
2409:
2194:
2061:
1856:
1794:
1673:
1370:
1353:
1309:
1300:
958:
436:
2739:
2847:
2124:
1789:
1362:
1290:
1245:
1054:
634:
609:
467:
pseudoplasmodial stage is the decrease in number and volume of food vacuoles.
411:
When resources such as water or food become limiting, the amoeba will release
243:
235:
97:
2400:
2071:
2048:
1995:
1955:
1762:
1649:
1642:
1528:
1496:
963:
570:
428:
412:
64:
729:
643:
594:
544:
691:
517:
2855:
2787:
2733:
2658:
2550:
2514:
2486:
2394:
2002:
1882:
1842:
1491:
1196:
1003:
945:
873:
790:
721:
420:
239:
117:
2442:
936:
915:
443:
416:
268:
254:
146:
77:
2637:
383:
lineage, as sequence comparisons indicate lateral gene transfer after
432:
247:
2792:
2663:
2519:
2371:
493:
290:
was incredibly distant on the tree of life. Instead, it is found in
2624:
608:
Brown, M. W.; Kolisko, M.; Silberman, J. D.; Roger, A. J. (2012).
423:
cells in preparation for movement as a large (thousands of cells)
206:
2598:
231:
2375:
763:
2753:
391:. This has rarely been found in any other living species of
759:
745:
C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al.,
703:
701:
351:
are trunk like and do not contain a cellulose sheath.
2863:
492:
Roger AJ, Smith MW, Doolittle RF, Doolittle WF (1996).
2723:
2540:
2476:
2384:
2251:
2202:
2193:
2117:
2092:
2070:
2046:
1973:
1964:
1953:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1840:
1750:
1719:
1666:
1659:
1634:
1613:
1562:
1536:
1527:
1449:
1423:
1396:
1361:
1352:
1308:
1299:
1288:
1187:
1151:
1144:
1123:
1102:
1095:
1070:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1011:
1002:
995:
944:
935:
928:
913:
339:. One particular morphological difference between
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
2883:
775:
8:
347:is that the stalks of the fruiting body in
2890:
2876:
2372:
2199:
2076:
2054:
2043:
1970:
1961:
1915:
1908:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1663:
1533:
1402:
1358:
1305:
1296:
1148:
1099:
1067:
1060:
1049:
1008:
999:
941:
932:
925:
921:
782:
768:
760:
323:, other slime mold amoebas that belong to
29:
20:
749:(John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004)
633:
569:Brown, M. W.; Silberman; Spiegel (2010).
484:
198:Loeblich & Tappan 1961 nom. cons.
7:
2844:
2842:
2687:a9200aa0-c85c-421d-904c-013d86e143df
2466:97ed3416-b4f6-452c-8afd-df3493875d0b
214:amoebae and spores under microscope
186:Zopf 1885 ex Berlese 1888 nom. rej.
684:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02279.x
575:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
533:The Mycological Society of America
510:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04507.x
278:, with little distinction between
14:
315:Historically it was thought that
2846:
587:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00481.x
51:
132:van Tieghem 1880 ex Hartog 1906
747:Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.
335:with the brain-eating amoebae
1:
298:, away from other myxamoeba.
2862:. You can help Knowledge by
710:Genome Biology and Evolution
248:
192:Doflein & Reichenow 1952
672:The Journal of Protozoology
2935:
2841:
161:Loeblich & Tappan 1961
2079:
2057:
2042:
1851:
1405:
924:
797:
635:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.021
453:Vegetative/Solitary stage
180:Poche 1913 em. Olive 1970
175:
168:
142:
137:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
252:- comes from the Greek
2858:-related article is a
498:J. Eukaryot. Microbiol
462:Pseudoplasmodial stage
319:was a sister group to
215:
16:Family of slime moulds
471:Differientiated stage
435:, which develop into
361:which belongs within
238:which belongs to the
210:
2292:Spirotrichonymphidae
2288:Spirotrichonymphida
311:Evolutionary history
24:Acrasid slime molds
2282:Hypotrichomonadidae
2278:Hypotrichomonadida
626:2012CBio...22.1123B
246:. The name element
2339:Tritrichomonadidae
2329:Monocercomonadidae
2320:Tritrichomonadida
2226:Spirotrichosomidae
1485:Trypanoplasmatidae
1450:Metakinetoplastina
1430:Prokinetoplastida
1177:Psalteriomonadidae
1167:Paravahlkampfiidae
722:10.1093/gbe/evu180
216:
2871:
2870:
2839:
2838:
2814:Open Tree of Life
2695:Open Tree of Life
2378:Taxon identifiers
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2334:Simplicimonadidae
2304:Honigbergiellidae
2189:
2188:
2107:Carpediemonadidae
2038:
2037:
2028:Streblomastigidae
1986:Paratrimastigidae
1982:Paratrimastigida
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1800:Euglenamorphaceae
1773:Euglenomonadaceae
1769:Euglenomonadales
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1424:Prokinetoplastina
1348:
1347:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1266:Stephanopogonidae
1134:Neovahlkampfiidae
1130:Neovahlkampfiida
1091:
1090:
1081:Pharyngomonadidae
1077:Pharyngomonadida
1071:Pharyngomonadidea
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
991:
990:
987:
986:
620:(12): 1123–1127.
337:Naegleria fowleri
234:) is a family of
205:
204:
199:
193:
187:
181:
162:
152:
133:
2926:
2914:Discoba families
2892:
2885:
2878:
2850:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2702:
2690:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2677:BMSSYS0000042085
2667:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2510:
2509:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2373:
2231:Staurojoeninidae
2200:
2179:Retortamonadidae
2102:Carpediemonadida
2077:
2055:
2044:
2023:Saccinobaculidae
1971:
1962:
1916:
1909:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1805:Euglenocapsaceae
1689:Heteronemataceae
1685:Heteronematales
1664:
1534:
1509:Trypanosomatidae
1470:Rhynchomonadidae
1434:Ichthyobodonidae
1403:
1359:
1306:
1297:
1261:Percolomonadidae
1172:Plaesiobystridae
1149:
1100:
1068:
1061:
1050:
1021:Tsukubamonadidae
1009:
1000:
942:
933:
926:
922:
826:
806:
784:
777:
770:
761:
734:
733:
716:(9): 2240–2257.
705:
696:
695:
667:
648:
647:
637:
605:
599:
598:
566:
549:
548:
528:
522:
521:
489:
251:
197:
191:
185:
179:
160:
151:van Tieghem 1880
150:
131:
56:
55:
33:
21:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2719:
2711:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2536:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2472:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2380:
2370:
2345:
2314:Trichomonadidae
2309:Tricercomitidae
2263:Cristamonadida
2247:
2241:Trichonymphidae
2236:Teratonymphidae
2185:
2174:Chilomastigidae
2164:Retortamonadida
2113:
2094:Carpediemonadea
2088:
2066:
2051:
2034:
1958:
1937:
1928:Ancyromonadidae
1892:
1888:Malawimonadidae
1845:
1816:
1746:
1715:
1655:
1630:
1609:
1603:Sphenomonadidae
1593:Sphenomonadidae
1558:
1552:Sphenomonadidae
1547:Petalomonadidae
1543:Petalomonadida
1515:
1504:Trypanosomatida
1445:
1419:
1415:Trypanophididae
1410:Bordnamonadidae
1392:
1381:Eupelagonemidae
1344:
1293:
1272:
1246:Percolomonadida
1183:
1140:
1124:Neovahlkampfiea
1119:
1087:
1057:
1046:
1025:
1013:Tsukubamonadida
983:
918:
909:
908:
824:
802:
793:
788:
742:
740:Further reading
737:
707:
706:
699:
669:
668:
651:
614:Current Biology
607:
606:
602:
568:
567:
552:
530:
529:
525:
491:
490:
486:
482:
473:
464:
455:
409:
313:
304:
130:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2919:Excavata stubs
2916:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2851:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2810:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2758:
2745:
2729:
2727:
2725:Acrasiomycetes
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2562:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2511:
2498:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2406:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Dientamoebidae
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2299:Trichomonadida
2296:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:Devescovinidae
2269:
2261:
2259:Hexamastigidae
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Hoplonymphidae
2218:
2216:Burmanymphidae
2210:Trichonymphida
2206:
2204:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Caviomonadidae
2161:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2140:Spironucleidae
2137:
2132:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2062:Anaeramoebidae
2058:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Pyrsonymphidae
2015:
2013:Polymastigidae
2010:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1933:Planomonadidae
1930:
1924:
1922:
1920:Ancyromonadida
1913:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1875:Malawimonadida
1868:
1859:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1752:Euglenophyceae
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:Peranemataceae
1734:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:Neometanemidae
1706:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:Entosiphonidae
1620:Entosiphonida
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1589:Heterostavida
1587:
1586:
1585:
1583:Lentomonadidae
1580:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1229:Vahlkampfiidae
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1064:Pharyngomonada
1058:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1006:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
939:
930:
919:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
905:
904:
903:
902:
899:Mesomycetozoea
896:
891:
881:
871:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
848:
847:
835:Diaphoretickes
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
787:
786:
779:
772:
764:
758:
757:
741:
738:
736:
735:
697:
678:(2): 333–344.
649:
600:
581:(4): 346–353.
550:
539:(6): 968–979.
523:
483:
481:
478:
472:
469:
463:
460:
454:
451:
408:
405:
357:belong within
312:
309:
303:
300:
203:
202:
201:
200:
194:
188:
184:Guttulinaceae
182:
173:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
153:
140:
139:
135:
134:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2931:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2478:Acrasiomycota
2475:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Calonymphidae
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:Trichomonadea
2250:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:Trichonymphea
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:Diplomonadida
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:Trimastigidae
1994:
1993:
1992:Trimastigida
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1975:Anaeromonadea
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Malawimonadea
1863:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:Eutreptiaceae
1781:
1780:
1779:Eutreptiales
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:Peranematida
1735:
1731:
1730:Teloproctidae
1728:
1727:
1726:Acroglissida
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:Natomonadida
1694:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:Petalomonadea
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Parabodonidae
1478:
1477:
1476:Parabodonida
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Allobodonidae
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1439:Perkinselidae
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Kinetoplastea
1395:
1387:
1386:Hemistasiidae
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1339:
1338:Postgaardidae
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1189:Heterolobosea
1186:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:Gruberellidae
1160:
1159:
1158:Lyromonadida
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1113:Selenaionidae
1111:
1110:
1109:Selenaionida
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:Discicristata
1040:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:
996:Tsukubamonada
994:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:Moramonadidae
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
943:
940:
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:
917:
912:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
875:
872:
868:
865:
863:
862:Stramenopiles
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
831:
828:
825:(major groups
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
796:
792:
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
765:
762:
756:
755:0-471-52229-5
752:
748:
744:
743:
739:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
650:
645:
641:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
527:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:(6): 475–85.
503:
499:
495:
488:
485:
479:
477:
470:
468:
461:
459:
452:
450:
447:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:to aggregate
418:
414:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
372:
368:
365:. Out of all
364:
360:
356:
355:Heterolobosea
352:
350:
346:
345:Dictyostilids
342:
338:
334:
333:Heterolobosea
330:
326:
322:
321:Dictyostilids
318:
310:
308:
301:
299:
297:
293:
292:Heterolobosia
289:
285:
284:Dictyostelids
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
265:
264:Dictyostelium
259:
257:
256:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Acrasiomycota
225:
221:
213:
212:Acrasis rosea
209:
196:Pocheinaceae
195:
190:Guttulininae
189:
183:
177:
176:
174:
171:
167:
159:
158:
154:
149:
148:
144:
143:
141:
136:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Heterolobosea
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:Discicristata
86:
84:Superphylum:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:Acrasis rosea
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2864:expanding it
2853:
2724:
2541:
2477:
2385:
2084:Kipferliidae
2008:Oxymonadidae
1966:Anaeromonada
1912:Planomonadea
1679:Anisonemidae
1648:
1641:
1614:Entosiphonea
1578:Keelungiidae
1573:Decastavidae
1569:Decastavida
1465:Neobodonidae
1456:Neobodonida
1376:Diplonemidae
1333:Calkinsiidae
1328:Postgaardida
1321:Bihospitidae
1317:Bihospitida
1225:Tetramitida
1219:Naegleriidae
1214:Tulamoebidae
1201:
1145:Eutetramitia
979:Stygiellidae
954:Andaluciidae
884:Opisthokonta
746:
713:
709:
675:
671:
617:
613:
603:
578:
574:
536:
532:
526:
501:
497:
487:
474:
465:
456:
448:
442:of the same
410:
407:Reproduction
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:
305:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
273:
262:
260:
253:
227:
219:
217:
211:
178:Acrasiaceae
155:
145:
127:
71:
38:
18:
2633:iNaturalist
2566:Wikispecies
2410:Wikispecies
2195:Parabasalia
2157:Dysnectidae
2145:Hexamitidae
2135:Octomitidae
2118:Eopharyngia
2003:Oxymonadida
1905:Planomonada
1795:Euglenaceae
1704:Distigmidae
1674:Anisonemida
1599:Ploeotiida
1371:Diplonemida
1354:Glycomonada
1310:Postgaardea
1301:Postgaardia
1251:Barbeliidae
1209:Naegleriida
1152:Lyromonadea
974:Ophirinidae
959:Histionidae
437:unicellular
387:split with
307:tree bark.
236:slime molds
218:The family
2909:Percolozoa
2903:Categories
2152:Dysnectida
2130:Giardiidae
1956:Metamonada
1790:Euglenales
1699:Astasiidae
1667:Anisonemea
1363:Diplonemea
1291:Euglenozoa
1096:Tetramitia
1055:Percolozoa
480:References
413:pheromones
395:including
244:Percolozoa
98:Percolozoa
2557:Q16976090
2493:Q16525215
2430:Acrasidae
2416:Acrasidae
2386:Acrasidae
2072:Fornicata
2049:Trichozoa
1810:Phacaceae
1763:Rapazidae
1759:Rapazida
1720:Peranemea
1660:Spirocuta
1529:Euglenida
1497:Bodonidae
1239:Creneidae
1235:Creneida
1202:Acrasidae
964:Jakobidae
879:Amoebozoa
857:Alveolata
845:Cryptista
820:Eukaryota
429:pseudopod
397:Naegleria
389:Naegleria
367:Discobids
325:Amoebazoa
296:Naegleria
276:Mycetozoa
220:Acrasidae
128:Acrasidae
65:Eukaryota
2856:Excavata
2788:MycoBank
2762:Fungorum
2740:Q2823466
2734:Wikidata
2659:MycoBank
2651:11913049
2607:Fungorum
2599:47073285
2586:Acrasida
2572:Acrasida
2551:Wikidata
2542:Acrasida
2515:MycoBank
2502:Fungorum
2487:Wikidata
2395:Wikidata
1883:Imasidae
1857:Neolouka
1843:Loukozoa
1643:Hemiolia
1563:Alistosa
1492:Bodonida
1197:Acrasida
1004:Tsukubea
946:Jakobida
929:Jakobida
874:Amorphea
852:Rhizaria
840:Hacrobia
830:Excavata
815:Bacteria
791:Excavata
730:25146648
644:22608512
595:20497285
545:21156570
415:such as
363:Excavata
240:excavate
170:Synonyms
157:Pocheina
124:Family:
118:Acrasida
94:Phylum:
61:Domain:
2530:1560386
2443:4920632
2401:Q134444
1650:Liburna
1635:Karavia
1256:Lulidae
1103:Lunosea
937:Jakobea
916:Discoba
889:Animals
810:Archaea
692:5816073
622:Bibcode
518:8976605
444:species
421:amoebal
417:acrasin
401:Eukarya
393:Eukarya
385:Acrasis
381:Acrasis
376:Acrasis
371:Acrasis
359:Discoba
349:Acrasis
341:Acrasis
329:Acrasis
317:Acrasis
302:Ecology
288:Acrasis
280:Acrasis
269:amoebae
255:akrasia
249:acrasio
147:Acrasis
138:Genera
114:Order:
104:Class:
78:Discoba
2829:440078
2826:uBio:
2819:765121
2713:582230
2700:765121
2684:NZOR:
2638:152406
2527:uBio:
2463:NZOR:
2456:112481
867:Plants
804:Domain
753:
728:
690:
642:
593:
543:
516:
433:spores
242:group
226:, or
2854:This
2806:43693
2793:90003
2780:13763
2767:90003
2708:WoRMS
2664:90794
2646:IRMNG
2612:90794
2520:90004
2507:90004
2451:IRMNG
894:Fungi
440:molds
294:with
72:Clade
2860:stub
2801:NCBI
2775:ITIS
2754:5763
2620:GBIF
2438:GBIF
751:ISBN
726:PMID
688:PMID
640:PMID
591:PMID
541:PMID
514:PMID
425:grex
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