73:
464:
43:
373:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency can present at any age. Studies have shown that the age of diagnoses can vary from infancy to over the age of 70. Some individuals with APRT deficiency remain completely asymptomatic and only get diagnosed because of familial screening. In 15% of adult
1662:
Vernon, Hilary J.; Osborne, Christine; Tzortzaki, Eleni G.; Yang, Min; Chen, Jianmen; Rittling, Susan R.; Denhardt, David T.; Buyske, Steven; Bledsoe, Sharon B.; Evan, Andrew P.; Fairbanks, Lynette; Simmonds, H. Anne; Tischfield, J.A.Y.A.; Sahota, Amrik (2005).
2169:
2154:
2139:
1259:
Zaidan, M.; Palsson, R.; Merieau, E.; Cornec-Le Gall, E.; Garstka, A.; Maggiore, U.; Deteix, P.; Battista, M.; Gagné, E.-R.; Ceballos-Picot, I.; Duong Van Huyen, J.-P.; Legendre, C.; Daudon, M.; Edvardsson, V.O.; Knebelmann, B. (2014).
865:
Valaperta, Rea; Rizzo, Vittoria; Lombardi, Fortunata; Verdelli, Chiara; Piccoli, Marco; Ghiroldi, Andrea; Creo, Pasquale; Colombo, Alessio; Valisi, Massimiliano; Margiotta, Elisabetta; Panella, Rossella; Costa, Elena (July 1, 2014).
2311:
574:. Due to its high renal clearance, dihydroxyadenine may be secreted tubularly in addition to being filtered. Thus, APRT deficiency causes elevated dihydroxyadenine levels in the urine. Dihydroxyadenine precipitates in
2304:
932:
Bollée, Guillaume; Dollinger, Cécile; Boutaud, Lucile; Guillemot, Delphine; Bensman, Albert; Harambat, Jérôme; Deteix, Patrice; Daudon, Michel; Knebelmann, Bertrand; Ceballos-Picot, Irène (2010).
386:
when complications arise. The first kidney stone episode can occur within the first few months of birth or later in life. In infants APRT deficiency may manifest as reddish brown diaper stains.
2415:
2297:
1370:"Common characteristics of mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferases from four separate Japanese families with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial enzyme deficiencies"
2500:
1610:"Analysis of germline and in vivo somatic mutations in the human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene: Mutational hot spots at the intron 4 splice donor site and at codon 87"
2352:
439:
within days to weeks. More commonly dihydroxyadenine nephropathy may develop insidiously, causing a progressive decline in kidney function over the span of several years.
2324:
1712:
Kamatani, Naoyuki; Kubota, Masaru; Willis, Erik H.; Frincke, Lee A.; Carson, Dennis A. (1984). "5′-Methylthioadenosine is the Major Source of
Adenine in Human Cells".
630:
is a very helpful, noninvasive, and reasonably priced method. The most concentrated urine samples come from morning urine voids, which are ideal for studying
2465:
2400:
743:"Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Identification of allelic mutations at the nucleotide level as a cause of complete deficiency of the enzyme"
634:. One way to quantify something is to count the number of crystals per volume unit, which is higher in patients who are not receiving treatment.
2490:
1731:
1495:
1150:
2184:
479:
condition which means that two copies of the mutated gene must be present for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency to develop.
2347:
527:
488:
253:
238:
218:
139:
2054:
Runolfsdottir, Hrafnhildur Linnet; Palsson, Runolfur; Agustsdottir, Inger M.; Indridason, Olafur S.; Edvardsson, Vidar O. (2016).
551:
230:
1608:
Chen, Ju; Sahota, Amrik; Martin, Glenn F.; Hakoda, Masayuki; Kamatani, Naoyuki; Stambrook, Peter J.; Tischfield, Jay A. (1993).
2257:
2395:
712:
1149:
Bollée, Guillaume; Harambat, Jérôme; Bensman, Albert; Knebelmann, Bertrand; Daudon, Michel; Ceballos-Picot, Irène (2012).
1319:
Nasr, S. H.; Sethi, S.; Cornell, L. D.; Milliner, D. S.; Boelkins, M.; Broviac, J.; Fidler, M. E. (January 11, 2010).
1831:"Plasma concentration and renal excretion of adenine and 2,8-dihydroxyadenine after administration of adenine in man"
1476:
Delbarre, F.; Auscher, C.; Amor, B.; de Gery, A. (1974). "Gout with
Adenine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Deficiency".
805:"Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Demonstration of a single mutant allele common to the Japanese"
2320:
1321:"Crystalline nephropathy due to 2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria: an under-recognized cause of irreversible renal failure"
582:
in urine, forming crystals that can accumulate, grow, and form stones. This can lead to crystalline nephropathy.
555:
379:
165:
2370:
2495:
2195:
1032:
Harambat, Jérôme; Bollée, Guillaume; Daudon, Michel; Ceballos-Picot, Irène; Bensman, Albert (January 3, 2012).
271:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency has been classified into two types. Type one is caused by mutant
623:
559:
503:
of 540 bp. Complete APRT deficiency develops in people who carry mutations in both copies of the APRT gene.
367:
275:
of APRT*Q0 and is found in individuals from many different countries. Type one causes a complete deficiency
226:
111:
106:
90:
1422:
Edvardsson, Vidar; Palsson, Runolfur; Olafsson, Isleifur; Hjaltadottir, Gunnlaug; Laxdal, Thröstu (2001).
567:
383:
363:
327:
160:
98:
2429:
2268:
599:
173:
2148:
1262:"Recurrent 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy: A Rare but Preventable Cause of Renal Allograft Failure"
595:
571:
257:
86:
50:
72:
2173:
476:
444:
359:
207:
1998:"Clinical Value of Crystalluria and Quantitative Morphoconstitutional Analysis of Urinary Calculi"
1205:
Kamatani, Naoyuki; Terai, Chihiro; Kuroshima, Shoko; Nishioka, Kusuki; Mikanagi, Kiyonobu (1987).
868:"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency: identification of a novel nonsense mutation"
2362:
1207:"Genetic and clinical studies on 19 families with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies"
648:
210:
94:
81:
1883:
Van Acker, Karel J.; Simmonds, H. Anne; Potter, Catherine; Cameron, J. Stewart (July 21, 1977).
2289:
338:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency commonly manifests as symptoms of the kidneys and
2332:
2206:
2093:
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2017:
1966:
1958:
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Hidaka, Y; Tarlé, S A; Fujimori, S; Kamatani, N; Kelley, W N; Palella, T D (March 1, 1988).
772:
754:
615:
607:
591:
575:
452:
429:
413:
303:
295:
152:
1665:"Aprt/Opn double knockout mice: Osteopontin is a modifier of kidney stone disease severity"
1424:"Clinical features and genotype of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in Iceland"
2449:
2444:
610:
in all cases of kidney stones and should be analyzed whenever one becomes available.
343:
315:
1368:
Fujimori, S.; Akaoka, I.; Sakamoto, K.; Yamanaka, H.; Nishioka, K.; Kamatani, N. (1985).
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
934:"Phenotype and Genotype Characterization of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency"
614:
stone analysis is unreliable for diagnosing APRT deficiency and is unable to distinguish
590:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is diagnosed based on the identification of
2088:
2055:
1806:
1771:
1296:
1261:
968:
933:
902:
867:
425:
265:
245:
2178:
839:
804:
777:
742:
2484:
2374:
1681:
1664:
1625:
1536:"Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency in a Chinese Man with Early-onset Gout"
570:(XDH), formerly known as xanthine oxydase, then further metabolizes this compound to
515:
500:
492:
436:
421:
402:
398:
375:
339:
323:
299:
222:
66:
741:
Hidaka, Y; Palella, T D; O'Toole, T E; Tarlé, S A; Kelley, W N (November 1, 1987).
631:
627:
467:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of
417:
347:
307:
261:
1583:
291:
but only a partial deficiency in cell extracts. Type two is mainly seen in Japan.
2200:
1723:
1487:
2405:
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1900:
678:
611:
543:
440:
432:
351:
319:
311:
214:
186:
169:
2211:
2071:
42:
2163:
1997:
1846:
1770:
Huq, Aamira; Nand, Kushma; Juneja, Rajiv; Winship, Ingrid (October 23, 2018).
1049:
677:
Edvardsson, Vidar Orn; Sahota, Amrik; Palsson, Runolfur (September 26, 2019).
181:
2079:
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1962:
1908:
1854:
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1447:
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884:
830:
768:
2217:
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1439:
1423:
1033:
619:
579:
566:
is transformed into 8-hydroxyadenine in people without functional APRT, and
535:
511:
390:
355:
283:. Type two adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is caused by mutant
2097:
2029:
1938:
1830:
1815:
1713:
1698:
1609:
1569:
1477:
1455:
1369:
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992:
977:
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911:
736:
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686:
463:
1970:
1884:
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1749:
1641:
1552:
1535:
1513:
1401:
1238:
1119:
848:
786:
2263:
1916:
1337:
1320:
1167:
507:
468:
448:
280:
2131:
2111:
1385:
1222:
1103:
993:"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: Leave no stone unturned"
563:
547:
539:
531:
288:
276:
234:
2013:
1954:
1278:
821:
798:
796:
759:
2158:
2143:
1937:
Hesse, A.; Miersc, W.-D.; Classen, A.; Thon, A.; Doppler, W. (1988).
1614:
Mutation
Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
598:
analysis or examination of crystals in the urine. The combination of
514:
and environmental factors or modifiers might be responsible for this
389:
Patients with APRT deficiency typically have normal levels of plasma
318:. Treatment of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency includes
284:
272:
242:
54:
2277:
713:"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics"
1939:"2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria: Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy Control"
2222:
1991:
1989:
1987:
462:
1829:
Ericson, Ă….; Groth, T.; Niklasson, F.; De
Verdier, C.-H. (1980).
622:. For the identification of dihydroxyadenine crystals, light and
2410:
2252:
2189:
2056:"Kidney Disease in Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency"
1088:"Gout, uric acid and purine metabolism in paediatric nephrology"
496:
394:
2293:
1718:. Vol. 165 Pt B. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 83–88.
542:
can only be found in small amounts in blood and urine because
1835:
Scandinavian
Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
753:(5). American Society for Clinical Investigation: 1409–1415.
530:
enzyme, which offers the sole metabolic route for recovering
2416:
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome
1482:. Vol. 41. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 333–339.
1161:(9). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1521–1527.
815:(3). American Society for Clinical Investigation: 945–950.
382:. In some cases APRT deficiency is first diagnosed after a
1885:"Complete Deficiency of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase"
1034:"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in children"
944:(4). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 679–688.
860:
858:
927:
925:
923:
921:
1584:"Autosomal recessive: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1380:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 171–176.
1217:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 163–168.
1098:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 105–118.
1044:(4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 571–579.
707:
705:
703:
294:
APRT deficiency is often identified by the presence of
1155:
Clinical
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
302:. Other diagnostic tests for APRT deficiency include
2121:
2458:
2437:
2428:
2388:
2361:
2353:
2340:
2331:
2232:
2125:
878:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 102.
475:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is an
193:
180:
159:
146:
134:
126:
118:
105:
80:
60:
26:
21:
1996:Daudon, Michel; Jungers, Paul (October 19, 2004).
1086:Cameron, J. S.; Moro, F.; Simmonds, H. A. (1993).
1772:"APRT deficiency: the need for early diagnosis"
1331:(6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1909–1915.
370:. No extrarenal symptoms have been documented.
1534:CHEN, CHUNG-JEN; SCHUMACHER, H. RALPH (2009).
1151:"Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency"
679:"Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency"
2501:Inborn errors of purine-pyrimidine metabolism
2305:
1895:(3). Massachusetts Medical Society: 127–132.
1715:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
1479:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
938:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
8:
2380:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
2258:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
2247:Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
1003:(3). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 218.
287:of APRT*J results in a full enzyme defiency
204:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
22:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
2466:Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
2434:
2401:Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
2337:
2312:
2298:
2290:
2122:
435:can initially present acutely and lead to
71:
41:
18:
2087:
1805:
1787:
1680:
1551:
1336:
1295:
1277:
1166:
1008:
967:
949:
901:
883:
838:
820:
776:
758:
602:and morphologic examination under a
660:
606: allows for the identification of
499:, encompasses 2.8 kb of DNA, and has a
681:. University of Washington, Seattle.
7:
447:which causes urine supersaturation,
2060:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
1428:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
1325:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
1266:American Journal of Transplantation
14:
2348:Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
997:World Journal of Clinical Urology
809:Journal of Clinical Investigation
747:Journal of Clinical Investigation
489:adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
254:adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
239:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
221:(APRT) catalyzes the creation of
219:Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
35:2,8 Dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis
1682:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00487.x
552:5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate
416:crystals precipitate inside the
405:with a partial APRT deficiency.
231:5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate
1889:New England Journal of Medicine
2396:Adenosine deaminase deficiency
1841:(1). Informa UK Limited: 1–7.
1272:(11). Elsevier BV: 2623–2632.
1:
2491:Autosomal recessive disorders
2325:purine–pyrimidine metabolism
2112:Rare Kidney Stone Consortium
1949:(3). S. Karger AG: 174–178.
1724:10.1007/978-1-4757-0390-0_18
1626:10.1016/0027-5107(93)90014-7
1488:10.1007/978-1-4684-3294-7_40
546:catalyzes the conversion of
2066:(3). Elsevier BV: 431–438.
1901:10.1056/nejm197707212970302
1675:(3). Elsevier BV: 938–947.
1620:(2). Elsevier BV: 217–225.
1540:The Journal of Rheumatology
1434:(3). Elsevier BV: 473–480.
213:caused by mutations of the
2517:
2072:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.10.023
2008:(2). S. Karger AG: 31–36.
991:Bollée, Guillaume (2014).
560:5′-adenosine monophosphate
506:There is no evidence that
155:and kidney stone analysis.
122:Infancy to late adulthood.
89:and urinary tract stones,
1847:10.3109/00365518009091520
1050:10.1007/s00467-011-2037-0
380:renal replacement therapy
306:, kidney stone analysis,
166:Uric acid nephrolithiasis
49:
40:
1943:Urologia Internationalis
1782:. BMJ: bcr–2018–225742.
885:10.1186/1471-2369-15-102
526:All tissues express the
491:(APRT) gene is found on
424:as well as cause severe
368:Urinary tract infections
91:Urinary tract infections
1789:10.1136/bcr-2018-225742
1440:10.1053/ajkd.2001.26826
556:inorganic pyrophosphate
451:, and precipitation of
227:adenosine monophosphate
112:End-stage renal disease
1010:10.5410/wjcu.v3.i3.218
951:10.1681/asn.2009080808
578:and becomes extremely
568:xanthine dehydrogenase
538:biosynthesis sources.
472:
401:have been reported in
364:chronic kidney disease
328:chronic kidney disease
256:make large amounts of
161:Differential diagnosis
99:chronic kidney disease
2430:Pyrimidine metabolism
2117:UK Kidney Association
1553:10.3899/jrheum.081051
624:polarizing microscopy
600:infrared spectroscopy
466:
174:Primary hyperoxaluria
2371:Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
1669:Kidney International
1168:10.2215/cjn.02320312
1092:Pediatric Nephrology
1038:Pediatric Nephrology
258:2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
495:q24, contains five
477:autosomal recessive
445:acute renal failure
374:cases present with
360:acute kidney injury
208:autosomal recessive
2363:Nucleotide salvage
2233:External resources
2002:Nephron Physiology
1386:10.1007/bf00283377
1338:10.1093/ndt/gfp711
1223:10.1007/bf00591080
1104:10.1007/bf00861588
649:Nucleotide salvage
473:
334:Signs and symptoms
330:in most patients.
211:metabolic disorder
130:Type 1 and type 2.
95:blood in the urine
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2424:
2423:
2333:Purine metabolism
2287:
2286:
2014:10.1159/000080261
1955:10.1159/000281332
1733:978-1-4757-0392-4
1497:978-1-4684-3296-1
1279:10.1111/ajt.12926
822:10.1172/jci113408
760:10.1172/jci113219
719:. October 1, 2012
644:Purine metabolism
534:from dietary and
384:kidney transplant
250:Genetic mutations
201:
200:
148:Diagnostic method
138:Mutations in the
16:Medical condition
2508:
2435:
2338:
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1993:
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1977:
1934:
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1776:BMJ Case Reports
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1555:
1546:(5): 1090–1091.
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790:
780:
762:
738:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
698:
697:
695:
693:
674:
616:dihydroxyadenine
608:dihydroxyadenine
604:stereomicroscope
592:dihydroxyadenine
576:renal parenchyma
572:dihydroxyadenine
510:correlates with
453:dihydroxyadenine
430:Dihydroxyadenine
414:Dihydroxyadenine
322:and can prevent
304:urine microscopy
296:dihydroxyadenine
153:Urine microscopy
76:
75:
51:Dihydroxyadenine
45:
19:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2496:Kidney diseases
2481:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2454:
2450:Miller syndrome
2445:Orotic aciduria
2420:
2384:
2357:
2327:
2318:
2288:
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2282:
2228:
2227:
2134:
2108:
2053:
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2048:Further reading
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53:, an insoluble
31:APRT deficiency
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422:renal tubules
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409:Complications
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403:heterozygotes
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399:hyperuricemia
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298:in urine and
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67:Endocrinology
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2321:Inborn error
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2059:
2035:November 29,
2033:. Retrieved
2005:
2001:
1976:November 29,
1974:. Retrieved
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1922:November 29,
1920:. Retrieved
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1868:November 29,
1866:. Retrieved
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1645:. Retrieved
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1519:November 29,
1517:. Retrieved
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1471:
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1405:. Retrieved
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1244:November 29,
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1154:
1125:November 29,
1123:. Retrieved
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750:
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723:November 30,
721:. Retrieved
716:
692:November 30,
690:. Retrieved
632:crystalluria
628:crystalluria
596:kidney stone
589:
525:
505:
486:
474:
443:can trigger
418:interstitium
412:
388:
372:
348:urolithiasis
337:
308:renal biopsy
293:
270:
262:urolithiasis
203:
202:
197:0.4% to 1.2%
34:
30:
2406:Xanthinuria
2242:GeneReviews
1588:MedlinePlus
717:MedlinePlus
612:Biochemical
469:inheritance
441:Dehydration
433:nephropathy
352:nephropathy
320:allopurinol
187:Allopurinol
170:Xanthinuria
119:Usual onset
27:Other names
2485:Categories
2459:Catabolism
2389:Catabolism
2207:DiseasesDB
655:References
554:into
378:requiring
206:is a rare
182:Medication
2438:Anabolism
2341:Anabolism
2223:124274002
2218:SNOMED CT
2080:0272-6386
2022:1660-2137
1963:1423-0399
1909:0028-4793
1855:0036-5513
1798:1757-790X
1742:0065-2598
1691:0085-2538
1634:0027-5107
1562:0315-162X
1506:0065-2598
1448:0272-6386
1394:0340-6717
1347:0931-0509
1288:1600-6135
1231:0340-6717
1177:1555-9041
1112:0931-041X
1058:0931-041X
1019:2219-2816
960:1046-6673
894:1471-2369
831:0021-9738
769:0021-9738
620:uric acid
586:Diagnosis
580:insoluble
536:polyamine
522:Mechanism
512:phenotype
391:uric acid
356:hematuria
194:Frequency
140:APRT gene
62:Specialty
2278:Q4682223
2264:Orphanet
2098:26724837
2030:15499212
1816:30355577
1699:16105024
1570:19435978
1456:11532677
1355:20064951
1306:25307253
1185:22700886
1066:22212387
978:20150536
912:24986359
687:22934314
638:See also
508:genotype
483:Genetics
449:oliguria
342:such as
281:in vitro
260:causing
82:Symptoms
2274:Scholia
2201:C538228
2149:5C55.0Y
2089:4819988
1971:3176201
1863:7367806
1807:6202999
1750:6426269
1642:7685481
1514:4791206
1402:3876264
1297:4560835
1239:3817810
1120:8439471
969:2844298
903:4094445
849:3343350
787:3680503
564:Adenine
548:adenine
540:Adenine
532:adenine
289:in vivo
285:alleles
277:in vivo
273:alleles
235:adenine
2190:614723
2096:
2086:
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2020:
1969:
1961:
1917:865583
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778:442397
775:
767:
685:
459:Causes
366:, and
243:purine
217:gene.
172:, and
135:Causes
97:, and
87:Kidney
69:
55:purine
2212:32632
2179:277.2
2164:E79.8
618:from
497:exons
241:is a
229:from
127:Types
2411:Gout
2323:of
2253:GARD
2196:MeSH
2185:OMIM
2174:9-CM
2094:PMID
2076:ISSN
2037:2023
2026:PMID
2018:ISSN
1978:2023
1967:PMID
1959:ISSN
1924:2023
1913:PMID
1905:ISSN
1870:2023
1859:PMID
1851:ISSN
1812:PMID
1794:ISSN
1780:2018
1757:2023
1746:PMID
1738:ISSN
1728:ISBN
1695:PMID
1687:ISSN
1649:2023
1638:PMID
1630:ISSN
1595:2023
1566:PMID
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1521:2023
1510:PMID
1502:ISSN
1492:ISBN
1463:2023
1452:PMID
1444:ISSN
1409:2023
1398:PMID
1390:ISSN
1351:PMID
1343:ISSN
1302:PMID
1284:ISSN
1246:2023
1235:PMID
1227:ISSN
1192:2023
1181:PMID
1173:ISSN
1127:2023
1116:PMID
1108:ISSN
1073:2023
1062:PMID
1054:ISSN
1015:ISSN
974:PMID
956:ISSN
908:PMID
890:ISSN
845:PMID
827:ISSN
783:PMID
765:ISSN
725:2023
694:2023
683:PMID
558:and
550:and
544:APRT
528:APRT
487:The
420:and
397:and
395:gout
326:and
312:APRT
264:and
233:and
225:and
215:APRT
2269:976
2170:ICD
2155:ICD
2140:ICD
2084:PMC
2068:doi
2010:doi
1951:doi
1897:doi
1893:297
1843:doi
1802:PMC
1784:doi
1720:doi
1677:doi
1622:doi
1618:287
1548:doi
1484:doi
1436:doi
1382:doi
1333:doi
1292:PMC
1274:doi
1219:doi
1163:doi
1100:doi
1046:doi
1005:doi
964:PMC
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898:PMC
880:doi
835:PMC
817:doi
773:PMC
755:doi
594:by
279:or
252:of
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