66:, involves repeated cycles of straight-line swimming followed by short reversals that reorient bacteria so that they are constantly drawn up their oxygen gradients toward attractants and away from repellants. Aerotaxis is a dominant sensory system and will cause organisms to follow their oxygen gradient even if it makes them move against other chemical gradients.
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part to oxygen's important role in metabolic pathways as they allowed for surveying aerotaxis in many bacterial species. This ability proves to be important for survival as efficient metabolism directly relates to growth. Aerotaxis not only describes the response to energy source, but also the signal transductions across organisms to create ecosystems.
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available in the environment like solid metals. By trapping an air bubble in-between a microscope slide and cover slip with the use of a spacer, the team was able to watch how the bacteria migrated to the air pocket over time. After about 20 minutes the bacteria started to aggregate around the air
40:
were attracted by low oxygen concentrations. Ten decades after the first discovery of this movement, it was observed that bacteria are actually bound to areas with optimal oxygen concentrations; resulting in the formation of bands. It was concluded that the creations of these bands was largely in
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reveals a layer of bacteria piled up at the air–liquid interface and surrounded by a depletion zone after the air bubble has been used up. In the closed set up air supply is limited and used up so a layer of bacteria is unable to build. However, in an open set up with an unlimited air supply, a
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As growing conditions change, such as the availability of oxygen, bacteria capable of energy taxis travel towards nutrient concentrations which are metabolically beneficial. The direction of travel is determined utilizing a transducer, such as Aer or Tsr proteins in
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aerobic bacteria, as their model organism, a group of scientists looked to visualize the aerotactic bands formed by aerotactic bacteria. This bacterial strain is considered pivotal for sustainable technologies because of its ability to shift electrons from an
19:
is the movement caused by oxygen gradients. Positive aerotaxis involves the movement toward higher concentration of environmental oxygen, while negative aerotaxis involves the movement towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen. Aerotactic
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Hölscher, Theresa; Bartels, Benjamin; Lin, Yu-Cheng; Gallegos-Monterrosa, Ramses; Price-Whelan, Alexa; Kolter, Roberto; Dietrich, Lars E. P.; Kovács, Ákos T. (2015-11-20).
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bubble and form a distinct band. The bacteria move in-between the bubble and the ring, and as time passes and air is used up, the ring shrinks towards the bubble.
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130:"Hybrid sideways/longitudinal swimming in the monoflagellate Shewanella oneidensis: from aerotactic band to biofilm"
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179:"Motility, chemotaxis and aerotaxis contribute to competitiveness during bacterial pellicle biofilm development"
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Stricker, Laura; Guido, Isabella; Breithaupt, Thomas; Mazza, Marco G.; Vollmer, Jürgen (2020-10-28).
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348:"Polarity of bacterial magnetotaxis is controlled by aerotaxis through a common sensory pathway"
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notable layer of bacteria continue to build at the air-liquid interface.
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Taylor, Barry L.; Zhulin, Igor B.; Johnson, Mark S. (1999-10-01).
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Popp, Felix; Armitage, Judith P.; Schüler, Dirk (2014-11-14).
301:"Aerotaxis and Other Energy-Sensing Behavior in Bacteria"
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Mazzag, B. C.; Zhulin, I. B.; Mogilner, A. (2003-12-01).
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gather around sources of air forming aerotactic bands.
32:The discovery of aerotaxis was first reported by
236:"Model of Bacterial Band Formation in Aerotaxis"
62:Aerotaxis, similar to other types of bacterial
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305:Annual Review of Microbiology
260:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74775-4
183:Journal of Molecular Biology
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195:10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.014
101:Phase-contrast microscopy
34:Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann
146:10.1098/rsif.2020.0559
352:Nature Communications
77:Shewanella oneidensis
364:2014NatCo...5.5398P
252:2003BpJ....85.3558M
240:Biophysical Journal
373:10.1038/ncomms6398
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358:(1): 5398.
92:towards an
85:facultative
604:Categories
566:fluid flow
549:Phototaxis
526:Hydrotaxis
515:Gravitaxis
477:Chemotaxis
456:Anemotaxis
108:References
561:Rheotaxis
494:stiffness
489:Durotaxis
482:chemicals
466:Barotaxis
445:Aerotaxis
430:Types of
382:2041-1723
325:0066-4227
268:0006-3495
203:0022-2836
28:Discovery
17:Aerotaxis
530:moisture
470:pressure
390:25394370
333:10547687
286:14645050
221:26122431
164:33109020
53:electron
22:bacteria
520:gravity
360:Bibcode
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212:4804472
155:7653395
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610:Oxygen
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