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762:, the minister of the interior. Both men opposed the writing of Articles 24 and 26 of the new Constitution, which consecrated the separation of church and state and allowed the dissolution of the religious orders that were considered dangerous by the state. Alcalá-Zamora and Maura said that the articles injured their religious feelings as well as those of the Catholic electorates that they represented.
57:
784:, who then cooperated with the CEDA. In October 1934, Gil-Robles obtained two ministerial portfolios for CEDA; the following March, he acquired three more but at first stopped short of trying to obtain the office of Prime Minister. In the end, he decided to try for that post. Alcala-Zamora dissolved the Cortes on 7 January 1936, specifically to avoid that outcome.
772:(parliament), which cost Alcalá-Zamora critical support on the part of the left. The subsequent elections of November 1933 gave victory to the right to which Alcalá-Zamora was very hostile, with constant institutional confrontations throughout its term in office. The party with the highest number of votes was the
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allowed the Cortes to remove the president from office after two early dissolutions, and while the first (1933) dissolution had been partially justified because of the fulfillment of the constitutional mission of the first legislature, the second one had been a simple bid to trigger early elections.
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surprised Alcalá-Zamora, who was then on a trip to
Scandinavia. He decided to stay away from Spain when he found out that militiamen of the Popular Front government had illegally entered his home, stolen his belongings and plundered his safe-deposit box in the
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in
January 1942. There, he lived on money derived from his books, articles and conferences. An offer was allegedly made to him that he would be left unmolested if he returned since one of his sons was married to a daughter of General
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on 13 September 1923, Alcalá-Zamora did not collaborate with the new regime. After the departure of the dictator in 1930, he declared himself a republican in a meeting that took place on 13 April in the Apolo
Theatre of
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votes than the republicans did, the republicans did so well in the provincial cities that
Alfonso soon abandoned power. Without waiting for a fresh election, Alcalá Zamora put himself at the head of a revolutionary
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José Alcalá-Zamora y Queipo de Llano, married to Aurora
Horfelina Fernández y Mier (1 October 1942 – 29 May 2008), daughter of Vicente Isidro Fernández y Bascarán (14 February 1909 – 23 December 2003), 1st
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the same year sent him to prison, as a member of the revolutionary committee, but he left jail after the municipal elections of 12 April 1931. In the elections, although the monarchist candidates won more
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Nevertheless, on 10 December 1931, Alcalá-Zamora was elected president by 362 votes out of the 410 deputies present (the
Chamber was composed of 446 deputies).
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to the position. Azaña was detested by the right, and Zamora's removal was a watershed moment since many
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won a narrow majority. The Left majority in the new Cortes then applied a constitutional loophole to oust Alcala-Zamora. The
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Deeming such action "unjustified", the newly elected Cortes dismissed the
President on 7 April 1936 and elected
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Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y
Castillo (1906–1985), married to Ernestina Queipo de Llano y Martí, the daughter of
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He was married to María de la
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in 1949. His body was returned to Spain in 1979 and was interred in Madrid's
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Confirmed as Prime Minister in June, he resigned on 15 October, along with
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Alcalá Zamora and the Failure of the Spanish Republic, 1931–1936
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by profession, from a very young age, he was active in the
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27:Spanish lawyer and politician (1877–1949)
780:as prime minister and instead appointed
729:. The failure of the military uprising (
394:1 November 1917 – 21 March 1918
280:14 April 1931 – 14 October 1931
194:10 December 1931 – 7 April 1936
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725:. He was one of the instigators of the
938:Gonzalo Alcalá-Zamora y Fernández-Mier
470:8 May 1932 – 18 February 1949
330:7 December 1922 – 28 May 1923
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2310:Members of the Royal Spanish Academy
2295:Burials at Cementerio de la Almudena
2240:Liberal Republican Right politicians
941:Lucía Alcalá-Zamora y Fernández-Mier
79:adding citations to reliable sources
702:of Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931–1936)
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2053:^President of the Executive Power
923:and first cousin once removed of
1126:Acting prime ministers shown in
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881:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra
839:made him leave France and go to
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2121:Antonio Ventura de Prado (1743)
751:on 14 April and proclaimed the
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626:Order of Isabella the Catholic
581:Purificación Castillo Bidaburu
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650:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres
2275:20th-century Spanish lawyers
2191:Alonso Zamora Vicente (1967)
2162:Jacinto Octavio Picón (1900)
831:began, Alcalá-Zamora was in
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36:, the first or paternal
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299:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
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2144:Manuel López Cepero (1847)
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768:In 1933, he dissolved the
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1935:Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso
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90:"Niceto Alcalá-Zamora"
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1995:Diego Martínez Barrio
1984:Diego Martínez Barrio
1929:Francesc Pi i Margall
921:Castellón de la Plana
891:, 9 March 1951), 1st
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727:Pact of San Sebastián
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213:Diego Martínez Barrio
2176:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
2131:Enrique Ramos (1782)
2038:Luis Jiménez de Asúa
1979:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1967:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1597:Fernández-Villaverde
1424:Democratic Sexennium
887:, 5 February 1875 –
681:Congress of Deputies
415:Manuel García Prieto
351:Manuel García Prieto
162:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
75:improve this article
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1906:Presidents of Spain
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863:Marriage and family
375:Antonio López Muñoz
363:José Sánchez Guerra
221:Joaquín Chapaprieta
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217:Ricardo Samper
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1679:Aznar-Cabañas
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1501:Ruiz Zorrilla
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1324:Bravo Murillo
1322:
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1309:García Goyena
1307:
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1262:Gómez Becerra
1260:
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793:Popular Front
790:
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732:
728:
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719:
715:
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709:
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690:
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686:
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678:
677:Liberal Party
674:
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638:
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569:
561:
553:
552:Liberal Party
550:
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533:
529:
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522:
510:
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501:
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95:
92: –
91:
87:
86:Find sources:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:Alcalá-Zamora
39:
35:
30:
19:
18:Alcalá-Zamora
2175:
2100:
1990:Manuel Azaña
1978:
1973:Manuel Azaña
1966:
1839:Calvo-Sotelo
1826:
1796:
1702:
1656:
1584:
1493:
1481:
1454:
1437:
1301:
1224:
1202:
1175:
1127:
1075:Manuel Azaña
1065:
1058:Alfonso XIII
1048:Manuel Azaña
1030:
998:
988:Bibliography
980:, p. 1.
933:Spanish Army
874:
853:Buenos Aires
850:
829:World War II
826:
811:
802:Manuel Azaña
797:Constitution
786:
767:
764:
760:Miguel Maura
757:
739:
711:
708:Alfonso XIII
705:
670:
663:
649:
648:
541:Buenos Aires
536:(1949-02-18)
488:Succeeded by
465:
453:
441:Succeeded by
403:Alfonso XIII
389:
370:Succeeded by
339:Alfonso XIII
325:
311:Manuel Azaña
306:Succeeded by
275:
261:Manuel Azaña
256:Succeeded by
245:Alfonso XIII
205:Manuel Azaña
189:
137:
131:January 2007
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
2225:1949 deaths
2220:1877 births
2020:(1939–1977)
1960:(1931–1939)
1916:(1873–1874)
1844:F. González
1778:(1936–1975)
1728:Chapaprieta
1694:(1931–1939)
1551:(1874–1931)
1495:Mendigorría
1429:(1868–1874)
1344:Mendigorría
1257:J. M. López
1247:A. González
1215:A. González
1142:(1833–1868)
905:San Claudio
885:Tordesillas
716:by General
713:coup d'état
591:3 daughters
572:(1931–1936)
564:(1923–1931)
560:Independent
556:(1899–1923)
543:, Argentina
518:6 July 1877
476:Preceded by
430: [
422:Preceded by
358:Preceded by
294:Preceded by
232:Preceded by
2214:Categories
2007:José Miaja
1814:Since 1975
1282:Miraflores
1069:1931–1936
1042:1931–1936
978:Payne 2017
962:References
660:Early life
608:Profession
597:Alma mater
514:1877-07-06
101:newspapers
1674:Berenguer
1637:Romanones
1627:Canalejas
1586:Azcárraga
1399:O'Donnell
1379:O'Donnell
1359:O'Donnell
1354:Espartero
1339:Sartorius
1303:Salamanca
1292:Sotomayor
1237:Espartero
1183:Espartero
1177:Calatrava
915:, of the
841:Argentina
632:Signature
466:In office
390:In office
326:In office
285:President
276:In office
190:In office
1854:Zapatero
1828:Santiago
1658:Bugallal
1565:Jovellar
1521:Castelar
1516:Salmerón
1506:Figueras
1472:Malcampo
1384:Arrazola
1334:Lersundi
1226:Cortázar
997:(2017).
950:See also
907:and 1st
901:Viscount
893:Marquess
723:Valencia
586:Children
32:In this
1864:Sánchez
1743:Casares
1733:Portela
1713:Lerroux
1607:Montero
1592:Silvela
1575:Sagasta
1560:Cánovas
1536:Sagasta
1526:Serrano
1489:Serrano
1477:Sagasta
1462:Serrano
1445:Serrano
1404:Narváez
1394:Narváez
1374:Istúriz
1364:Narváez
1329:Roncali
1319:Clonard
1314:Narváez
1297:Pacheco
1287:Narváez
1277:Narváez
1267:Olózaga
1188:Bardají
1171:Istúriz
1128:italics
931:of the
889:Sevilla
740:overall
710:of the
616:teacher
456:of the
399:Monarch
335:Monarch
288:Himself
115:scholar
38:surname
2199:(2008)
2186:(1951)
2178:(1932)
2170:(1924)
2157:(1880)
2139:(1797)
2116:(1713)
1834:Suárez
1787:Franco
1763:Negrín
1738:Barcía
1723:Samper
1580:Posada
1483:Topete
1456:Topete
1414:Havana
1369:Armero
1242:Ferrer
1232:Sancho
1220:Ferraz
1156:Toreno
1005:
913:Olvera
833:France
819:Madrid
770:Cortes
749:Madrid
735:Aragon
673:lawyer
622:Awards
612:Lawyer
589:3 sons
578:Spouse
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
46:Torres
2099:seat
1859:Rajoy
1849:Aznar
1822:Arias
1804:Arias
1758:Largo
1753:Giral
1708:Azaña
1647:Maura
1612:Moret
1602:Maura
1439:Madoz
1349:Rivas
1252:Rodil
1204:Alaix
1198:Frías
1161:Álava
1118:Spain
917:Dukes
827:When
733:) in
525:Spain
452:Seat
434:]
122:JSTOR
108:books
1642:Dato
1450:Prim
1003:ISBN
909:Lord
531:Died
508:Born
94:news
2009:^^^
2003:^^^
1389:Mon
1116:of
919:of
911:of
903:of
170:OSR
166:OIC
77:by
40:is
2216::
2029:^^
1997:^^
1986:^^
1975:^^
1969:^^
1511:Pi
970:^
927:,
859:.
755:.
687:.
671:A
614:,
523:,
432:es
168:,
2101:D
2088:e
2081:t
2074:v
1949:^
1943:^
1937:^
1931:^
1925:^
1898:e
1891:t
1884:v
1130:.
1106:e
1099:t
1092:v
1011:.
883:(
516:)
512:(
454:D
144:)
138:(
133:)
129:(
119:·
112:·
105:·
98:·
71:.
48:.
20:)
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