384:
450:
343:
186:
provides information not critical to identifying the phrase in apposition. It provides non-essential information, and the essential meaning of the sentence would not change if the appositive were removed. In
English, non-restrictive appositives are typically set off by commas. The sentences below
1031:
On the apposition vs. double subject issue in
Romanian, see: Appositions Versus Double Subject Sentences – What Information the Speech Analysis Brings to a Grammar Debate, by Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu and Diana Trandabăţ. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, ISSN
139:
provides information essential to identifying the phrase in apposition. It limits or clarifies that phrase in some crucial way, such that the meaning of the sentence would change if the appositive were removed. In
English, restrictive appositives are not set off by
127:, or figures of disorder, because they can disrupt the flow of a sentence. For example, in the phrase: "My wife, a surgeon by training,...", it is necessary to pause before the parenthetical modification "a surgeon by training".
259:
If there is any doubt that the appositive is non-restrictive, it is safer to use the restrictive punctuation. In the example above, the restrictive first sentence is still correct even if there is only one brother.
123:
type and often results when the verbs (particularly verbs of being) in supporting clauses are eliminated to produce shorter descriptive phrases. That makes them often function as
555:
916:
1022:
992:
960:
896:
511:
493:
431:
370:
460:
144:. The sentences below use restrictive appositives. Here and elsewhere in this section, the relevant phrases are marked as the
1042:
409:
663:
In several languages, the same syntax that is used to express such relations as possession can also be used appositively:
405:
356:
31:
980:
475:
394:
1059:
1078:
Appositions Versus Double
Subject Sentences – What Information the Speech Analysis Brings to a Grammar Debate
471:
413:
398:
62:, are placed side by side so one element identifies the other in a different way. The two elements are said to be
550:
765:
1007:
A comprehensive treatment of apposition in
English is given in §§17.65–93 (pages 1300–1320) and elsewhere in:
703:
229:
The same phrase can be a restrictive appositive in one context and a non-restrictive appositive in another:
848:
807:
736:
725:
871:
120:
38:
1063:
777:
574:
141:
908:
687:
636:
appears without an article as if it were a title. The grammatical correctness of false titles is
867:
1092:
1018:
988:
956:
892:
756:
928:
1097:
833:
534:
70:, but its identification requires consideration of how the elements are used in a sentence.
976:
843:
798:
587:
544:
362:
264:
1047:
818:
794:
716:
1072:
164:– I have many friends, but I am restricting my statement to the one named Alice Smith.
1086:
1011:
317:
59:
1077:
1053:
637:
625:
595:
383:
254:– Non-restrictive: I have only one brother and, as an aside, his name is Nathan.
55:
1068:
838:
783:
124:
45:
1032:
0302-9743, Volume 4629/2007, "Text, Speech and
Dialogue", pp. 286–293.
581:, was one of the most successful military commanders of the ancient world.
41:, an apposition-like structure whose elements are not placed side by side.
17:
887:
Chapter 5, §14.3 (pages 447–448), Rodney
Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum,
241:– Restrictive: I have several brothers, and the one named Nathan is here.
214:– The appositive (that it is beautiful) is not needed to identify Canada.
524:
In the following examples, the appositive phrases are shown in italics:
30:
This article is about the grammatical construction. For other uses, see
1009:
Randolph Quirk; Sidney
Greenbaum; Geoffrey Leech; Jan Svartvik (1985).
529:
478:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
200:– The fact that Alice is my friend is not necessary to identify her.
177:– There are many television shows, and he likes that particular one.
116:("placement"), although the English form is now more commonly used.
297:– The appositive is the noun phrase with dependent relative clause
101:
1060:
Apposition and double subject in
Romanian – a controversial issue
915:, Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, 1956
328:
of nearly a hundred mystery novels and stories, was born in 1891.
81:
are in apposition, with the appositive identified with italics:
443:
377:
336:
600:– Explains why Aretha Franklin is performing at that venue.
305:
My sister, whose name is Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.
27:
Modifying noun phrases by placing them next to each other
617:, Ann campaigned against the king's authoritarian rule.
686:. That has also been invoked as an explanation for the
467:
770:
307:– There is no appositive. There is a relative clause:
812:
570:– Provides context on my relation to Ren and Stimpy.
730:
540:– Appositives are not limited to describing people.
1010:
670:"Appositive oblique", a prepositional phrase with
643:Appositive phrases can also serve as definitions:
100:Traditionally, appositives were called by their
1013:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
891:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
1043:Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, §282
889:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
610:– Provides additional strength to the phrase.
73:For example, in these sentences, the phrases
58:construction in which two elements, normally
8:
628:is a kind of restrictive appositive, as in "
412:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
371:Learn how and when to remove these messages
985:An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax
929:"Noun-related Particles | Learn Japanese"
632:Jane Smith has arrived". Here the phrase
619:– Indicates the reason for Ann's actions.
583:– Substantiates the sentence's predicate.
512:Learn how and when to remove this message
494:Learn how and when to remove this message
432:Learn how and when to remove this message
987:, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
735:, "a monster (great affair) of a boar" (
119:Apposition is a figure of speech of the
66:, and one of the elements is called the
876:princeton.edu/writing/center/resources/
860:
955:. The Japan Times. 1986. p. 312.
953:A dictionary of basic Japanese Grammar
743:is inflected for the genitive singular
7:
410:adding citations to reliable sources
324:The English writer Agatha Christie,
280:– The appositive is the noun phrase
802:
797:, "genitive of association" as in:
560:– Clarifies who Barry Goldwater is.
579:the Macedonian conqueror of Persia
299:a doctor whose name is Alice Smith
293:a doctor whose name is Alice Smith
131:Restrictive versus non-restrictive
25:
739:, 1.36), where ὑὸς, the word for
352:This section has multiple issues.
187:use non-restrictive appositives.
1017:. London and New York: Longman.
911:, revised by Gordon M. Messing,
715:"Genitive of explanation" as in
653:– Emphatic semantic duplication.
615:A staunch supporter of democracy
448:
382:
341:
219:The first to arrive at the house
1064:Sounds of the Romanian Language
651:– should ever suffer that way.
360:or discuss these issues on the
868:"Commas: Some Common Problems"
1:
870:, Princeton Writing Program,
556:Republican nomination in 1964
267:is not always an appositive.
604:You are better than anyone,
594:, will be performing at the
535:the land of a thousand lakes
813:
771:
731:
474:the claims made and adding
32:Apposition (disambiguation)
1114:
184:non-restrictive appositive
43:
36:
29:
760:
720:
309:whose name is Alice Smith
108:, derived from the Latin
981:Michael Patrick O'Connor
225:unlocked the front door.
44:Not to be confused with
37:Not to be confused with
1050:at AmericanRhetoric.com
933:www.guidetojapanese.org
917:Perseus Digital Library
907:§1322 (pages 317–318),
568:, are starting a band.
737:Histories of Herodotus
137:restrictive appositive
704:In Dublin's Fair City
676:the month of December
592:a very popular singer
295:, likes jelly beans.
278:, likes jelly beans.
198:, likes jelly beans.
872:Princeton University
791:In Biblical Hebrew:
784:the Mountain of Fuji
712:In Classical Greek:
707:, which is uncommon.
684:the city of New York
606:anyone I've ever met
566:both friends of mine
551:senator from Arizona
406:improve this section
150:phrase in apposition
96:, likes jelly beans.
89:, likes jelly beans.
1048:Audio illustrations
659:Appositive genitive
649:not a single person
575:Alexander the Great
210:a beautiful country
170:the television show
162:likes jelly beans.
975:§9.5.3h (p. 153),
909:Herbert Weir Smyth
459:possibly contains
1056:at chompchomp.com
811:
781:
769:
729:
654:
620:
611:
601:
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571:
561:
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522:
521:
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461:original research
442:
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375:
312:
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285:
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146:appositive phrase
16:(Redirected from
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834:Figure of speech
816:
806:
804:
776:
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764:
762:
734:
732:hyòs méga chrêma
724:
722:
692:a friend of mine
680:the sin of pride
652:
618:
609:
599:
582:
569:
564:Ren and Stimpy,
559:
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517:
510:
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476:inline citations
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844:Literary device
830:
688:double genitive
661:
634:noted biologist
630:Noted biologist
588:Aretha Franklin
554:, received the
545:Barry Goldwater
518:
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316:More examples:
265:relative clause
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913:Greek Grammar
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751:Postpositive
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748:In Japanese:
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457:This section
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391:This section
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117:
115:
112:("near") and
111:
107:
103:
95:
92:Alice Smith,
91:
88:
84:
83:
82:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
64:in apposition
61:
57:
53:
47:
40:
33:
19:
1012:
984:
971:
952:
947:
936:. Retrieved
932:
923:
912:
903:
888:
883:
875:
863:
772:Fuji no Yama
752:
740:
702:
698:
691:
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679:
675:
671:
667:In English:
662:
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642:
633:
629:
623:
614:
605:
591:
578:
565:
548:
533:
523:
508:
490:
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458:
428:
419:
404:Please help
392:
368:
361:
355:
354:Please help
351:
325:
318:Zero article
315:
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173:The Simpsons
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63:
60:noun phrases
51:
50:
39:dislocations
1073:Appositives
1054:Appositives
849:Parenthesis
697:The ending
626:false title
596:White House
549:the junior
282:Alice Smith
276:Alice Smith
252:, is here.
192:Alice Smith
160:Alice Smith
125:hyperbatons
87:Alice Smith
85:My sister,
75:Alice Smith
56:grammatical
1087:Categories
1069:Purdue OWL
1002:References
938:2016-05-10
839:Hyperbaton
803:גַּן עֵדֶן
468:improve it
357:improve it
246:My brother
234:My brother
204:I visited
68:appositive
52:Apposition
46:adposition
18:Appositive
814:Gan 'Ēden
808:romanized
795:Construct
766:romanized
726:romanized
647:No one –
484:June 2020
472:verifying
422:June 2020
393:does not
363:talk page
289:My sister
272:My sister
239:is here.
196:my friend
168:He likes
157:My friend
106:appositio
94:my sister
79:my sister
1093:Rhetoric
874:, 1999,
828:See also
757:Japanese
333:Examples
1098:Grammar
817:, "the
810::
780:
768::
755:as in:
728::
674:as in:
530:Finland
466:Please
414:removed
399:sources
148:or the
114:positio
1021:
991:
959:
895:
799:Hebrew
701:as in
326:author
250:Nathan
237:Nathan
206:Canada
142:commas
121:scheme
1062:in *
855:Notes
786:'
782:'
717:Greek
682:, or
104:name
102:Latin
54:is a
1019:ISBN
989:ISBN
979:and
957:ISBN
893:ISBN
778:lit.
761:ふじの山
741:boar
397:any
395:cite
77:and
699:-'s
470:by
408:by
320::
223:she
1089::
1071::
983:,
931:.
805:,
801::
775:,
763:,
759::
753:no
723:,
719::
690::
678:,
672:of
640:.
624:A
608:.
598:.
590:,
577:,
558:.
547:,
538:.
532:,
366:.
291:,
274:,
263:A
248:,
221:,
212:.
208:,
194:,
182:A
175:.
152:.
135:A
110:ad
1027:.
965:.
941:.
878:.
821:"
694:.
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369:(
311:.
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34:.
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