2868:
2268:
2904:
2892:
2880:
127:, and West Greenland–East Canada. It is further estimated that approximately 84% of the undiscovered oil and gas occurs offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment is lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the arctic circle.
2280:
597:
could be calamitous. Secondly, pollution from ships and noise pollution from seismic exploration and drilling, could negatively affect fragile Arctic ecosystems and may lead to declining populations. Such issues concern
Indigenous populations who live in the Arctic and rely on such animals as food sources.
501:
In 2021, following the election of a new executive, the
Greenland government announced it would cease petroleum licensing and disband the state oil company Nunaoil. This political development, combined with the high costs of drilling exploratory wells and discouraging exploration results to date, it
596:
Petroleum exploration and production operations in the Arctic have faced concerns from organizations and governments about the potential for detrimental environmental consequences. Firstly, in the event of a large oil spill, the effects on Arctic marine life (such as Polar Bears, Walruses and seals)
381:
Exploration has demonstrated that several sedimentary basins in the
Canadian Arctic are rich in oil and gas. In particular, the Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta Basin has a discovery record for both gas (onshore) and oil and gas (offshore) although the potential beneath the deeper waters of the Beaufort
626:
Response of governments to mounting concerns about the risk of petroleum operations in the Arctic offshore include regulatory changes and the moratorium on offshore leasing issued in 2016 for the Arctic marine waters of both the United States and Canada (and subsequently in Canada a prohibition of
540:
In
September 2012 Shell delayed actual oil drilling in the Chukchi until the following summer due to heavier-than-normal ice and the Arctic Challenger, an oil-spill response vessel, not being ready on time. However, on September 23, Shell began drilling a "top-hole" over its Burger prospect in the
470:
and the Danish state. Various oil companies secured licences and conducted exploration over the period 2002 to 2020. Much seismic exploration and several wells were drilled offshore western
Greenland, but no discoveries were announced. Drilling proved expensive and the geology more complex than
373:
10 m) of natural gas were found in 73 discoveries, mostly in the two basins mentioned above, as well as further south in the
Mackenzie Valley. Although certain discoveries proved large, the discovered resources were insufficient to justify development at the time. All the wells which were
41:
is expensive and challenging both technically and logistically. In the offshore, sea ice can be a major factor. There have been many discoveries of oil and gas in the several Arctic basins that have seen extensive exploration over past decades but distance from existing infrastructure has often
641:
In 2021, the Arctic
Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) was published that ranks 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Finland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. The Index measures companies' environmental
377:
Drilling in the
Canadian Arctic turned out to be challenging and expensive, particularly in the offshore where drilling required innovative technology. Short operating seasons complicated logistics for companies who had to contend with the additional risk of variable ice conditions.
551:
In 2012 Conoco planned to drill at its Devil's Paw prospect (part of a 2008 lease buy in the
Chukchi Sea 120 miles west of Wainwright) in summer of 2013. This project was later shelved in 2013 after concerns over rig type and federal regulations related to runaway well containment.
49:
Technological developments such as Arctic class tankers for
Liquefied Natural Gas, and climatic changes leading to reduced sea ice, may see a resurgence of interest in the offshore Arctic should high oil and gas prices be sustained and environmental concerns mitigated.
108:) in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represents 13% of the undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources are estimated to occur in just three geologic provinces –
494:. The area available, known as the West Disko licensing round, is of interest because of its relative accessibility compared to other Arctic basins as the area remains largely free of ice. Also, it has a number of promising geological leads and prospects from the
637:
disaster in the Gulf of Mexico stimulated much concern about the consequences of a similar event in Arctic waters and has resulted in many developments in regulation of operations and management of oil and gas leasing by countries active in Arctic exploration.
31:
42:
deterred development. Development and production operations in the Arctic offshore as a result of exploration have been limited, with the exception of the Barents and Norwegian seas. In Alaska, exploration subsequent to the discovery of the
1426:
Overland, I., Bourmistrov, A., Dale, B., Irlbacher‐Fox, S., Juraev, J., Podgaiskii, E., Stammler, F., Tsani, S., Vakulchuk, R. and Wilson, E.C. 2021. The Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index: A method to rank heterogenous
358:
in the Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta Basin. Drilling continued at declining rates until the early 2000s. In all, some 300,000 km of seismic and 1500 wells were drilled across this vast area. Approximately 1.9 billion barrels
2123:
776:
Gulas, Sarah; Downton, Mitchell; D'Souza, Kareina; Hayden, Kelsey; Walker, Tony R. (January 2017). "Declining Arctic Ocean oil and gas developments: Opportunities to improve governance and environmental pollution control".
134:
on the Arctic potential comments that the likely remaining reserves will be 75% natural gas and 25% oil. It highlights four basins that are likely to be the focus of the petroleum industry in the upcoming years: the
382:
Sea remains unconfirmed by drilling. Discoveries in the Sverdrup Basin made between 1969 and 1971 are principally of gas. The several basins in the eastern Arctic offshore have seen little exploration activity.
458:
north and south of the Arctic Circle, could potentially contain 50 billion barrels of oil equivalent (7.9 x 10^9 m^3) (an estimate including both oil and gas). None of this potential has been realized.
1188:
2826:
1139:
633:
A summary of the status of offshore oil and gas activities and regulatory frameworks in the Arctic was published by PAME in 2021. (Program for the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment.). The
1406:
57:
in 2014, and, in North America particularly, the widespread development of shale gas and oil depressed prices. Consequently commercial interest in exploring many parts of the Arctic has declined.
541:
Chukchi. And on October 3, Shell began drilling a top-hole over its Sivulliq prospect in the Beaufort Sea, after being notified by the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission that drilling could begin.
562:
Shell, however, announced in September 2015 that it was abandoning exploration "for the foreseeable future" in Alaska, after tests showed disappointing quantities of oil and gas in the area.
2846:
548:, chose to delay its oil exploration plans at its Amundsen prospect in the Chukchi Sea, about 100 miles northwest of Wainwright, Alaska, by at least one year, to 2015 at the earliest.
2759:
2821:
2786:
1326:
2811:
964:
2836:
2498:
580:(then Statoil) made the Arctic exploration deal in May 2012. It is the third deal Rosneft has signed in the past month, after Arctic exploration agreements with Italy's
1352:
450:
were believed by some geologists to have high potential for large oil discoveries. In a comprehensive study of the potential of Arctic basins published in 2008, the
1593:
2743:
2438:
482:. Companies that have participated successfully in the previous license rounds and have formed a partnership for the licenses with NUNAOIL are, DONG Energy,
1292:
1136:
2514:
1904:
1568:
1202:
805:
123:
More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources is estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasian Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins,
2831:
2767:
2317:
1161:
960:
605:
2396:
559:
David Hayes stated that support for the permitting process for Arctic offshore petroleum drilling will continue if President Obama stays in office.
830:
1666:
1499:
565:
On October 4, 2016 Caelus Energy Alaska announced its discovery at Smith Bay could "provide 200,000 barrels per day of light, highly mobile oil".
2700:
2695:
2493:
2194:
2719:
2481:
1646:
2637:
630:
In 2021, the Greenland government ended plans for future licensing for offshore exploration citing high costs and climate change impacts.
2748:
2935:
2930:
2063:
1228:
608:(AMAP) undertook a comprehensive review of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic - Effects and Potential Effects. In another initiative,
2794:
2940:
2661:
2360:
2252:
2182:
1882:
734:
627:
oil and gas operations). Consequently, no leasing or operations have been approved for the Canadian Arctic offshore since that year.
2601:
1387:
2589:
1545:
1217:
642:
activities and demonstrates that oil and gas companies are generally ranked higher than mining companies operating in the Arctic.
2676:
2488:
2209:
2199:
1852:
1709:
1603:
1588:
749:
2738:
982:
2945:
2172:
1558:
739:
729:
2283:
2310:
2050:
1729:
1681:
1517:
2799:
2443:
2406:
2189:
1714:
744:
263:
2620:
911:
2476:
2428:
2022:
1929:
1894:
1767:
430:
According to Russia's media, the geologists returned with the "sensational news" that the Lomonosov ridge was linked to
1240:
2781:
2666:
2575:
2365:
1747:
1689:
1492:
634:
434:
territory, boosting Russia's claim over the oil-and-gas rich triangle. The territory contained 10bn tonnes of gas and
2608:
2950:
2816:
2450:
2391:
2386:
1742:
556:
2804:
969:
588:. Compared to other Arctic oil states, Norway is probably best equipped for oil spill preparedness in the Arctic.
478:. Seven of those blocks were bid for by a combination of multinational oil companies and the National Oil Company
2872:
2851:
2303:
2073:
1578:
1289:
692:
136:
117:
1044:
2955:
2841:
2350:
2340:
1889:
1530:
1265:
1199:
2908:
2656:
2584:
2413:
1563:
1065:
2423:
2418:
2222:
1877:
1485:
451:
328:
2455:
2401:
1857:
1844:
1834:
1787:
1573:
1353:"Assessment 2007: Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic - Effects and Potential Effects. Volume 1 | AMAP"
510:
467:
43:
100:
A 2008 United States Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion
525:, The field was discovered on March 12, 1968, by Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and is operated by
2460:
2247:
1026:"Circum-Arctic resource appraisal; estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle"
2148:
2058:
1914:
1641:
1169:
1011:
483:
347:
193:
105:
2903:
2891:
2879:
502:
is unlikely that the Greenland offshore will see further exploration for the foreseeable future.
2237:
1867:
1807:
1611:
1535:
1525:
1119:
651:
518:
431:
398:
187:
124:
82:
898:
831:"90 Billion Barrels of Oil and 1,670 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Assessed in the Arctic"
2711:
2355:
2345:
2232:
2227:
2035:
1899:
1719:
1704:
1621:
926:
702:
676:
2613:
2569:
2326:
2093:
1651:
1468:
1109:
1098:"Greenland petroleum exploration history: Rise and fall, learnings, and future perspectives"
855:
786:
620:
424:
1461:
1082:
2549:
2271:
2143:
1872:
1782:
1699:
1694:
1296:
1206:
1143:
941:
877:
614:
412:
343:
113:
78:
74:
2381:
2068:
2030:
1819:
1626:
1553:
1436:
717:
707:
601:
534:
355:
131:
54:
2924:
2896:
2884:
2630:
2625:
2433:
2217:
2133:
2118:
1947:
1909:
1812:
1777:
1737:
1616:
1583:
1123:
1097:
522:
455:
404:
109:
101:
66:
17:
1407:"Status of Offshore Oil and Gas Activities and Regulatory Initiatives in the Arctic"
1114:
2753:
2088:
1980:
1942:
1919:
1631:
1428:
1162:"Hilcorp quietly takes over BP's stakes in Prudhoe Bay and other Alaska oil fields"
667:
491:
420:
408:
351:
90:
1189:
Everything You Need to Know About Shell Oil and Arctic Offshore Drilling in Alaska
30:
790:
2544:
2242:
2153:
2128:
2103:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1862:
1802:
1327:"Caelus claims Arctic oil discovery that could rank among Alaska's biggest ever"
955:
712:
661:
322:
94:
86:
1405:
Program for the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) (May 2021).
1339:
1308:
1967:
1937:
1661:
697:
687:
656:
609:
585:
530:
487:
475:
401:
289:
229:
20–70 m water depth ice-strengthened drillship exploration (Canmar drillship)
174:
148:
144:
2559:
2554:
2083:
2007:
1985:
1757:
1656:
1636:
1472:
1456:
899:
Arctic Potential. Realizing the Promise of U.S. Arctic Oil and Gas Resources
681:
495:
447:
394:
140:
474:
Greenland has offered 8 license blocks for tender along its west coast by
1972:
1824:
1752:
143:
basin, due to its proximity to markets, and the more oil-prone basins of
1388:"United States-Canada Joint Arctic Leaders' Statement December 20, 2016"
1007:
104:
of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil (and 44 billion barrels of
2730:
2687:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2113:
1962:
1952:
1797:
1792:
1772:
1762:
577:
573:
545:
526:
479:
463:
1025:
2648:
2524:
2138:
2108:
2078:
2040:
2012:
1957:
1671:
1508:
1290:
Interior Dept. official pledges continued support for Arctic drilling
1266:"UPDATE 2-In about-turn, Conoco shelves Alaskan Arctic drilling plan"
514:
416:
391:
70:
968:, November 2014. Accessed: 15 December 2014. Size: 52 pages in 6MB.
2295:
1375:
1083:"Greenland Bans All Future Oil Exploration Citing Climate Concerns"
2098:
1829:
1229:
Conoco forging ahead with Arctic drilling plans for summer of 2014
327:
1st shallow water year-round manned GBS production in the Arctic (
46:
oilfield has focussed on the onshore and shallow coastal waters.
824:
822:
262:
shallow water caisson & gravity based structure exploration (
2596:
1477:
612:, an independent global campaigning network, have launched the
2299:
1481:
956:
The Northern Continental Shelf of Greenland (Executive Summary)
912:"https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.505673/publication.html"
1066:"Cairn Energy Abandons Second Well on West Coast of Greenland"
806:"Greenland Will Offer Oil, Gas Concessions Next Year-Minister"
581:
454:
estimated that the waters off north-eastern Greenland, in the
435:
427:
in Canada where the ridge lies 400m under the ocean surface.
619:
since the melting Arctic is under threat from oil drilling,
346:
peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, led by such companies as
1147:
983:"Kremlin lays claim to huge chunk of oil-rich North Pole"
878:"USGS: 25% Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter's mistake"
829:
United States Geological Survey, (USGS) (July 27, 2008).
919:
Government of Canada, Annual Report/Northern Oil and Gas
139:, which is likely to have large reserves, the southwest
2822:
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
1462:"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic"
369: m) of oil and 32.4 trillion cubic feet (9.2
240:
shallow water caisson exploration (Tarsiut caissons)
1437:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2698
446:
In the years post 2000, sedimentary basins offshore
350:
in the Sverdrup Basin of the Arctic Islands, and by
251:
20–70 m ice-resistant floating exploration drilling
2780:
2728:
2709:
2685:
2646:
2568:
2507:
2469:
2374:
2333:
2208:
2165:
2049:
2021:
1928:
1843:
1728:
1680:
1602:
1544:
1516:
2760:Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!
1467:29 May 2009: Vol. 324 no. 5931 pp. 1175–1179
1241:"ConocoPhillips puts Arctic drilling plans on ice"
965:Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building (Denmark)
771:
769:
767:
765:
1200:Shell starts exploratory drilling in Beaufort Sea
1594:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
314:deepwater floating exploration drilling in ice
218:shallow and deep water ice islands exploration
73:region. Some of these basins have experienced
34:Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS.
1340:Rosneft and Statoil in Arctic exploration deal
89:. However, only half the basins – such as the
2311:
1493:
1150:. August 2006. (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
871:
869:
462:Prospecting took place under the auspices of
8:
303:1st arctic offshore tanker loading terminal
2812:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
1905:Effects of global warming on marine mammals
1569:Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route
880:. Vol. 12, no. 42. Petroleum News
471:expected, discouraging further investment.
179:shallow water steel platform in moving ice
2768:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
2643:
2318:
2304:
2296:
1500:
1486:
1478:
961:Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
606:Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
85:where oil was first produced in 1968 from
1113:
849:
847:
673:Sverdrup Basin (Canadian Arctic Islands)
555:October 11, 2012, Dep. Secretary of the
153:
29:
761:
39:Exploration for petroleum in the Arctic
2494:Russian floating nuclear power station
1008:Overlooking the world's largest island
936:
935:
924:
277:spray ice islands used to reduce cost
207:shallow water sand island exploration
1433:Business Strategy and the Environment
1422:
1420:
1077:
1075:
664:West Barents Sea and East Barents Sea
397:returned from a six-week voyage on a
7:
2638:Russia in the European energy sector
1309:"Shell stops Arctic oil exploration"
1045:"Greenland Makes Oil Companies Melt"
804:Josephine, Mason (31 October 2017).
670:(Mackenzie Delta-Beaufort Sea Basin)
415:, an underwater shelf going between
374:drilled were plugged and abandoned.
2672:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
2279:
2124:Northern indigenous Russian peoples
1431:companies for governance purposes.
856:"Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches"
600:In response to these concerns, the
2662:2007 Russian North Pole expedition
2515:Electric power companies of Russia
2183:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy
1218:Statoil Delays Chukchi Exploration
1096:Christiansen, Flemming G. (2021).
735:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy
25:
2720:2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis
544:In September, 2012, Statoil, now
2902:
2890:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2677:Territorial claims in the Arctic
2278:
2267:
2266:
1853:Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
1710:Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate
1589:Territorial claims in the Arctic
876:Alan Bailey (October 21, 2007).
750:Territorial claims in the Arctic
419:'s remote, inhospitable eastern
1559:Arctic cooperation and politics
1115:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102425
1043:Allagui, Slim (July 16, 2006).
981:Harding, Luke (June 28, 2007).
740:Natural resources of the Arctic
730:Arctic cooperation and politics
646:Geological basins in the Arctic
438:deposits, the scientists said.
2795:2021–2023 global energy crisis
1667:Populated places in the Arctic
1376:Save Arctic Project Greenpeace
854:MOUAWAD, JAD (July 24, 2008).
468:Greenland Home Rule Government
130:A recent study carried out by
1:
2817:2024 Lukoil transit sanctions
2602:Russia–Saudi Arabia relations
2407:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
2190:Pollution in the Arctic Ocean
1715:Southeast Bathurst Fault Zone
1160:Hanlon, Teagan (2020-06-30).
745:Pollution in the Arctic Ocean
1895:Climate change in the Arctic
1647:Impact craters of the Arctic
1453:Arctic offers chilly welcome
897:National Petroleum Council:
791:10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.014
521:is the largest oil field in
466:, a partnership between the
411:. They had travelled to the
2739:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
1748:Canadian Arctic Archipelago
1690:Canadian Arctic Rift System
2972:
2936:21st century in the Arctic
2931:20th century in the Arctic
1743:British Arctic Territories
1455:. E&P, December, 2006
557:Department of the Interior
274:US & Canadian Beaufort
259:US & Canadian Beaufort
118:East Greenland Rift Basins
2941:Environment of the Arctic
2862:
2852:Unfriendly countries list
2800:2021–2023 inflation surge
2261:
1579:Inuit Circumpolar Council
1126:– via ResearchGate.
693:Kronprins Christian Basin
390:In June 2007, a group of
137:Kronprins Christian Basin
2621:Germany–Russia relations
2361:Greenhouse gas emissions
1890:Arctic methane emissions
1392:Prime Minister of Canada
407:, the expedition called
196:) to transit NW passage
65:There are 19 geological
2909:Renewable energy portal
2657:Arctic policy of Russia
2585:Energy policy of Russia
2572: and disputes
2477:Electric power industry
1564:Arctic Ocean Conference
1473:10.1126/science.1169467
192:first commercial ship (
53:Since the onset of the
2946:Industry in the Arctic
2609:China–Russia relations
2499:Thermal power stations
2489:List of power stations
2470:Electricity generation
2223:Arctic shipping routes
1137:Prudhoe Bay Fact Sheet
1047:. Agence France-Presse
1024:Bird, Kenneth (2008).
592:Environmental concerns
452:U.S. Geological Survey
329:Prirazlomnaya platform
97:– have been explored.
35:
27:Industry in the Arctic
2805:2022–2023 food crises
2178:Petroleum exploration
1858:Arctic dipole anomaly
1835:North American Arctic
1788:Northwest Territories
1574:Ilulissat Declaration
511:Prudhoe Bay Oil Field
288:subsea to shore LNG (
33:
18:Arctic Petroleum Play
2248:Transpolar Sea Route
2827:during the invasion
2149:Arctic Winter Games
1915:Polar amplification
1883:ecology and history
1642:Greenland ice sheet
1429:extractive industry
1394:. 20 December 2016.
1170:Alaska Public Media
1012:The Copenhagen Post
348:Panarctic Oils Ltd.
156:
125:East Barents Basins
106:natural gas liquids
81:, most notably the
2837:2023 oil sanctions
2832:2022 oil sanctions
2647:Disputes over the
2482:in Imperial Russia
2439:Barents Sea fields
2429:Petroleum industry
2366:Ministry of Energy
2238:Northern Sea Route
1868:Arctic oscillation
1612:Arctic Archipelago
1536:History of whaling
1526:Arctic exploration
1295:2012-10-12 at the
1205:2012-10-06 at the
1142:2009-03-26 at the
652:Alaska North Slope
621:industrial fishing
432:Russian Federation
188:North West Passage
154:
83:Alaska North Slope
36:
2951:Petroleum geology
2918:
2917:
2776:
2775:
2667:Continental shelf
2356:Energy superpower
2346:Economy of Russia
2293:
2292:
2253:Search and rescue
2233:Northwest Passage
2228:Northeast Passage
2173:Natural resources
2064:Subarctic peoples
2036:Arctic vegetation
1900:Climate of Alaska
1720:Ungava Fault Zone
1705:Innuitian orogeny
1622:Arctic Cordillera
1451:Murray, A. 2006.
1435:. 30, 1623–1643.
934:External link in
703:North Chukchi Sea
684:(North Greenland)
677:East Siberian Sea
635:Deepwater Horizon
604:working group on
335:
334:
248:Canadian Beaufort
237:Canadian Beaufort
226:Canadian Beaufort
204:Canadian Beaufort
16:(Redirected from
2963:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2782:Ukraine invasion
2644:
2614:Power of Siberia
2508:Energy companies
2451:Renewable energy
2327:Energy in Russia
2320:
2313:
2306:
2297:
2282:
2281:
2270:
2269:
2157:
2156:(New Year's Day)
1652:Innuitian Region
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
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1424:
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1414:
1402:
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1177:
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1166:alaskapublic.org
1157:
1151:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1102:Resources Policy
1093:
1087:
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1079:
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978:
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901:, March 27, 2015
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529:; partners are
490:, Husky Energy,
425:Ellesmere Island
372:
365:
364:
342:Drilling in the
157:
21:
2971:
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2550:Sakhalin Energy
2503:
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2351:Energy security
2329:
2324:
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2289:
2257:
2243:Polar air route
2204:
2195:Protected areas
2161:
2155:
2045:
2017:
1924:
1839:
1783:Northern Canada
1724:
1700:Greenland Plate
1695:Eurekan orogeny
1676:
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1540:
1531:Arctic research
1512:
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1297:Wayback Machine
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1272:. 10 April 2013
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1085:. 16 July 2021.
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615:Save the Arctic
594:
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444:
413:Lomonosov ridge
388:
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344:Canadian Arctic
340:
114:Amerasian Basin
79:gas exploration
63:
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2883:
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2758:
2754:Kharkiv Pact
2671:
2590:Soviet Union
2444:West Siberia
2424:Oil reserves
2419:Oil industry
2397:LNG industry
2277:
2265:
2177:
2154:Quviasukvik
1943:Beluga whale
1920:Polar vortex
1632:Arctic Ocean
1464:
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1410:
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1391:
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1371:
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1356:
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1269:
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1247:. 2013-04-10
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1038:
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987:The Guardian
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859:
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810:. Retrieved
799:
782:
778:
668:Beaufort Sea
640:
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492:Cairn Energy
473:
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421:Arctic Ocean
409:Arktika 2007
389:
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376:
366:
352:Imperial Oil
341:
264:SDC drilling
194:SS Manhattan
129:
122:
99:
91:Beaufort Sea
64:
52:
48:
38:
37:
2545:Rosneftegaz
2402:Natural gas
2284:WikiProject
1863:Arctic haze
1803:Nunatsiavut
1357:www.amap.no
713:Pechora Sea
662:Barents Sea
519:North Slope
323:Pechora Sea
285:Barents Sea
95:Barents Sea
87:Prudhoe Bay
44:Prudhoe Bay
2925:Categories
2744:of 2005–06
2387:Geothermal
1968:Polar bear
1938:Arctic fox
1768:Inuvialuit
1662:North Pole
1546:Government
1362:2023-02-12
1342:6 May 2012
1276:2017-06-30
1251:2017-06-30
1175:2024-08-22
1108:: 102425.
1051:2008-08-31
884:2008-07-24
837:2008-08-12
812:2017-10-31
756:References
698:Laptev Sea
688:Hope Basin
657:Baffin Bay
610:Greenpeace
586:ExxonMobil
531:ExxonMobil
488:ExxonMobil
476:Baffin Bay
402:icebreaker
395:geologists
175:Cook Inlet
166:Milestone
149:Baffin Bay
116:, and the
2787:sanctions
2560:Yamal LNG
2555:Transneft
2210:Transport
2094:Icelandic
2084:Karelians
2008:Snowy owl
1758:Greenland
1657:Nordicity
1604:Geography
1124:240203411
970:UN mirror
808:. Rigzone
785:: 53–61.
682:Greenland
496:Paleocene
448:Greenland
442:Greenland
155:Timeline
141:Greenland
2873:Category
2574:(before
2570:Politics
2272:Category
2144:Yukaghir
2104:Gwich'in
2074:Chukotka
1973:Reindeer
1753:Finnmark
1313:BBC News
1293:Archived
1245:Fuel Fix
1203:Archived
1140:Archived
989:. London
927:cite web
724:See also
300:Varandey
61:Overview
2749:of 2009
2731:Ukraine
2712:Georgia
2701:of 2007
2696:of 2004
2688:Belarus
2540:Rosneft
2535:Rosatom
2530:Novatek
2520:Gazprom
2414:Nuclear
2375:Sources
2166:Economy
2114:Koryaks
2069:Chukchi
2051:Culture
1981:bearded
1963:Narwhal
1953:Lemming
1878:decline
1845:Climate
1798:Nunavut
1793:Nunavik
1773:Karelia
1763:Iceland
1730:Regions
1682:Geology
1518:History
1465:Science
1411:pame.is
1270:Reuters
993:May 22,
617:Project
578:Equinor
574:Rosneft
546:Equinor
527:Hilcorp
484:Chevron
480:NUNAOIL
464:NUNAOIL
399:nuclear
392:Russian
292:field)
290:Snøhvit
102:barrels
2847:CAATSA
2649:Arctic
2525:Lukoil
2334:Topics
2139:Yakuts
2134:Selkup
2119:Nenets
2109:Khanty
2079:Evenks
2041:Tundra
2013:Walrus
2001:ringed
1996:ribbon
1991:hooded
1958:Muskox
1672:Tundra
1511:topics
1509:Arctic
1122:
833:. USGS
569:Norway
515:Alaska
423:, and
417:Russia
386:Russia
338:Canada
163:Region
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112:, the
71:Arctic
67:basins
2456:Solar
2099:Inuit
2023:Flora
1977:Seal
1930:Fauna
1830:Yukon
1825:Sápmi
1820:Sakha
1813:North
1120:S2CID
915:(PDF)
498:era.
2785:and
2597:OPEC
2461:Wind
2382:Coal
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1986:harp
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354:and
319:2014
308:2012
297:2008
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160:Year
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