535:
the partially resorbed tooth in GAA 00240. As is typical of teeth in their early stages of development, prior to implantation, only the enamel cap is preserved, a simple conical structure. Although difficult to discern, a small secondary cusp is present along the posterior edge of the cap. The tooth immediately anterior to this un-erupted tooth has a similar superficial morphology as those on the premaxilla, with vertical fluting lingually on the enamel surface. Unfortunately, most of the teeth have lost their crown tips, making it difficult to determine if they were also tricuspid. However, the arrangement of the fluting suggests that there also was a central cone in these teeth and possibly two accessory cusps, or at least incipient accessory cusps.
516:
539:
carinae, with a slight hint of an accessory cusp associated with the fanning of the anterior fluting from the central cone of tooth. There is no evidence of a posterior cusp where the fluting extends to the posterior carina. These teeth also appear to have a slightly posteriorly tilted central cone, but in typical caseid fashion there is clear evidence of a pronounced lingual tilt to the crown. As far as can be determined, all of the dentary teeth conform to this pattern, although one tooth at tooth position 8 in GAA 00246-1, although slightly damaged at the tip, does appear to have both anterior and posterior cusps. In all cases the teeth are more slender than in the dentaries of
502:
near the symphysis than in the rest of the bone. As in other caseids, this is related to the presence of a well-developed anterior process of the splenial bone, one that contributes to a large portion of the symphysis medially. Although the dentary bones assigned are nearly complete anteriorly, their morphology cannot confirm the entire depth or height of the lower jaw at the symphysis. This is because the dentary contributes only to the dorsal half of the symphysis in caseids, and the splenial most likely contributed to the symphysis, as it formed the lower part of the symphyseal region of the mandible. The assignment of these dentaries to
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600:, which carry well-developed, massive, transverse processes, short zygapophyseal surfaces, and slender, presumably anteroposteriorly short, simple neural spines. The transverse processes are short and stout, and were not fused to the ribs. The size of the transverse processes indicate that these are most likely posterior dorsal vertebrae. A pair of small excavations are present dorsally on the neural arch, between and slightly posterior to the
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473:, the preserved base of the narial border of the dorsal process is wide and rounded, suggesting that an anterior maxillary shelf may have been present on the complete maxilla, the shape of the maxilla in this region also suggests that there may have been one. The morphology of the maxilla represents a more derived condition than that seen in
604:. There is no evidence of ventral excavation of the centra for intercentra, a common feature of caseid posterior dorsal vertebrae. Thus, the morphology of the centra and neural arches are entirely in agreement with known caseid morphology. They can be assigned with confidence to a small caseid. However, their assignment to
534:
Most maxillary teeth are damaged in some way. Unfortunately, the preserved maxillary tooth rows are too short to determine if heterodonty was present. All the teeth show the typical caseid morphology of having lingually curved crowns, with little or no recurvature. An un-erupted tooth is preserved in
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caseasaurians. The teeth show little or no recurvature, but instead have some medial or lingual curvature apically. The crowns, when preserved, show some fluting and occasional carinae, which are sometimes sufficiently well developed for the formation of a tricuspid terminus, somewhat reminiscent of
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The anterior teeth of the dentary lean forward, as in all caseids. The intact teeth in GAA 00246-2 are smaller than the teeth anterior and posterior to them, and they carry the same kind of vertical fluting lingually as seen in the upper teeth. The apex of each tooth carries anterior and posterior
501:
Assignment of two dentaries to a caseid is based on the shape of the symphyseal area. As in other caseids, the dorsal edge of the dentary bone curves ventrally near the symphysis, and forms an acute angle with the ventral edge of the bone. This results in a substantially more slender dentary bone
506:
is based mainly on dental features, and to some extent on the labial surface characteristics of the bone. The teeth of these dentaries are identical to those found on the maxillae. In addition, the surface characteristics of the labial side of the dentaries are similar to those of the maxillae,
530:
Most of the premaxillary teeth on all the known specimens are damaged near their tips but show clear evidence of tapering crownward. However, all of the preserved teeth also show that they are somewhat spatulate towards the tip of the crown and are unlikely to have had a pointed apex.
469:. A modest anterodorsal process of the maxilla, is present at the level of the internal narial border of the bone medially. The dorsal terminus is broken in the more complete maxillary fragment, making it difficult to determine its original height. In contrast to
429:
process, broad central portion, and a wide maxillary process with a large dorsally located sutural surface for the anterior process of the maxilla. The premaxilla also bears an anteriorly tilted dorsal or nasal process which is a key characteristic of
Caseidae.
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The string of three posterior dorsal vertebrae GAA 00244, were found in the same pocket as the dentigerous elements, but their association with the holotype and other referred specimens is tentative. The vertebrae have the typical cylindrical, spool-shaped
477:, where the anterior edge of the dorsal process is a sharp ridge, and the distinctive anterolateral narial shelf is restricted to the lacrimal bone. On the anterior lateral surface of the maxilla a single large anteriorly oriented foramen is present in
596:, with shallow lateral excavations, but the most striking feature of the centra is the presence of flat ventral surfaces between the rounded anterior and posterior articular surface. The centra are solidly fused to the
507:
showing little sculpturing, and occasional small foramina. A well-developed, anteriorly extending
Meckelian canal is formed by the dentary bone, below which it would be attached to the splenial by sutures.
367:
The generic name honours Mr. Giuseppe
Alberto Arisi, who found the material. The specific epithet refers to the relatively simpler morphology of the marginal dentition than in other Permian caseids.
383:
fragment; GAA 00225-2, a right maxillary fragment; GAA 00240, a left maxillary fragment with two teeth and fragments of two other teeth; GAA 00246-1, a partial left
481:, instead of a series of relatively large labial foramina situated along the external surface of the bone. External surface sculpturing is also more modest than in
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379:. Several other specimens have been referred including: GAA 00242, a right premaxilla; GAA 00239, a right premaxillary fragment; GAA 00207, a left
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is tentative and based on co-occurrence and size, and there are no recognizable diagnostic features on the centra below the family level.
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654:
gen. et sp. nov., from the early
Permian of Oklahoma, with a discussion of synapsid diversity at the classic Richards Spur locality"
65:
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449:, which have three or two premaxillary teeth, often with the first tooth being the largest tooth in the marginal dentition.
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shows some modifications in tooth shape and crown outline from the primitive amniote condition seen in the basal caseid
387:
with eight teeth; GAA 00246-2, a partial right dentary with 12 teeth or parts of teeth and GAA 00244, a series of three
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The maxillary dorsal process may have been slenderly built, and is similar in some respects to the observed anatomy in
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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and is restricted to faint grooves associated with small foramina on the surface of the bone.
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that opens dorsally at the base of the dorsal process which is substantially larger in
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is the presence of four premaxillary teeth all of the same size unlike most other
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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and have more modest lingual shoulders at the base of the crown.
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Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
571:, and geologically younger caseids is only modestly developed in
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2339:
2013:
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750:
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Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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The holotype, GAA 00225-1, is a nearly complete right
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546:Overall, it appears that the dentition in
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66:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2445:Cisuralian synapsids of North America
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178:Premaxilla of the holotype specimen
2440:Monotypic prehistoric animal genera
519:SEM comparison of dentary teeth of
48:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
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1996:
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353:. It contains a single species,
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1:
2465:Taxa named by Robert R. Reisz
2460:Fossil taxa described in 2019
2435:Prehistoric synapsid genera
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650:"A small caseid synapsid,
16:Extinct genus of synapsids
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648:Riesz, Robert R. (2019).
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184:Scientific classification
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2455:Paleontology in Oklahoma
334:is an extinct genus of
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561:the condition seen in
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441:. An autapomorphy of
425:, a small vomerine or
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2402:Paleobiology Database
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652:Arisierpeton simplex
356:Arisierpeton simplex
349:) of Richards Spur,
316:Arisierpeton simplex
671:10.7717/peerj.6615
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528:
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2450:Artinskian genera
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2342:Taxon identifiers
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2005:
2004:
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1967:
1812:Sphenacodontoidea
1785:Palaeohatteriidae
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1706:
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1451:
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1342:
1132:
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2470:Permian Oklahoma
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2256:
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2110:
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2035:
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2011:
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1994:
1988:
1842:Sphenacodontidae
1840:
1825:
1817:
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1768:
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1748:
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1720:
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1609:
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1581:Haptodontiformes
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1500:
1496:
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1472:
1467:
1441:Protoclepsydrops
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1373:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1084:Lalieudorhynchus
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733:
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433:There is also a
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343:Garber Formation
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88:Temporal range:
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71:
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51:
27:
26:
19:
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2344:
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2274:
2225:
2196:
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2135:
2103:
2077:
2051:
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2018:
2001:
1964:
1944:
1908:Secodontosaurus
1833:
1806:
1776:
1751:Hypselohaptodus
1716:
1703:
1691:Remigiomontanus
1617:
1583:
1570:
1551:Stereophallodon
1507:Ophiacodontidae
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1473:
1447:
1363:
1339:
1276:
1221:
1141:
1124:
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930:
905:
892:
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843:
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810:Tetrapodomorpha
795:Tetrapodomorpha
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752:
742:
737:
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706:
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619:
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602:prezygapophyses
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402:
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295:A. simplex
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38:Please help by
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2236:Incertae sedis
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2167:Eutheriodontia
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1865:Ctenospondylus
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1714:Sphenacodontia
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1677:Melanedaphodon
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1638:
1635:Bohemiclavulus
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1626:Edaphosauridae
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1378:Incertae sedis
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1282:Varanodontinae
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1227:Mesenosaurinae
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1219:
1216:Thrausmosaurus
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1183:
1176:
1173:Archaeovenator
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1139:Eupelycosauria
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1066:
1059:
1052:
1049:Cotylorhynchus
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924:Diadectomorpha
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837:Reptiliomorpha
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822:Reptiliomorpha
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569:Cotylorhynchus
564:Cotylorhynchus
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31:
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15:
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2351:
2347:
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2338:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Phthinosuchia
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2289:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2243:
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2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2190:Therocephalia
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2179:Therocephalia
2173:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
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2115:
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2106:
2098:
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2072:
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2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1938:Tetraceratops
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:Tappenosaurus
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
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1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:Cryptovenator
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1801:Pantelosaurus
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1771:Tetraceratops
1765:
1763:
1762:
1761:Kenomagnathus
1755:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1698:Xyrospondylus
1695:
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1688:
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1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1558:Stereorhachis
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
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1516:Archaeothyris
1513:
1512:
1510:
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1501:
1497:
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1471:
1466:
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1324:
1322:
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1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:Tambacarnifex
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:Mycterosaurus
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1271:Microvaranops
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:Elliotsmithia
1247:
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1233:
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1224:
1218:
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1156:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:Ruthenosaurus
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:Phreatophasma
1102:
1100:
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1021:Callibrachion
1018:
1016:
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598:neural arches
595:
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390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
362:
360:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
341:
340:Early Permian
337:
333:
332:
319:
317:
308:
305:
304:Binomial name
301:
297:
296:
290:
287:
286:
279:
278:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
255:
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110:
105:
99:
96:290–284
91:
85:
81:
78:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
41:
35:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
2380:Arisierpeton
2350:Arisierpeton
2349:
2315:Theriodontia
2305:Pelycosauria
2269:Niaftasuchus
2267:
2257:
2247:
2234:
2097:Dinocephalia
2086:Dinocephalia
2071:Biarmosuchia
2060:Biarmosuchia
2044:
1989:
1936:
1928:
1922:Steppesaurus
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1858:Ctenorhachis
1856:
1849:
1826:
1799:
1792:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1663:Ianthasaurus
1661:
1654:
1649:Glaucosaurus
1647:
1642:Edaphosaurus
1640:
1633:
1610:
1600:
1565:Varanosaurus
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1537:Echinerpeton
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1376:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1289:
1269:
1264:Mesenosaurus
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1180:Ascendonanus
1178:
1171:
1164:
1119:Trichasaurus
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1063:Ennatosaurus
1061:
1056:Datheosaurus
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1014:Arisierpeton
1013:
1012:
1007:Angelosaurus
1005:
1000:Alierasaurus
998:
978:
971:
964:
956:
949:Eothyrididae
922:
774:
768:Superclass:
661:
657:
651:
606:Arisierpeton
605:
590:
573:Arisierpeton
572:
568:
562:
551:
548:Arisierpeton
547:
545:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:Arisierpeton
524:
520:
504:Arisierpeton
503:
500:
482:
479:Arisierpeton
478:
474:
470:
466:
464:
443:Arisierpeton
442:
438:
432:
413:
411:
374:
366:
355:
354:
347:Sumner Group
331:Arisierpeton
330:
329:
328:
315:
310:
294:
293:
277:Arisierpeton
276:
275:
240:
227:
84:Arisierpeton
83:
77:
62:
56:October 2019
53:
40:spinning off
33:
2374:Wikispecies
2155:Gorgonopsia
2144:Gorgonopsia
2129:dicynodonts
2123:Anomodontia
2112:Anomodontia
1915:Sphenacodon
1894:Macromerion
1684:Ramodendron
1670:Lupeosaurus
1530:Clepsydrops
1523:Baldwinonus
1488:Metopophora
1431:Mastersonia
1421:Knoxosaurus
1349:Metopophora
1257:Heleosaurus
1152:Varanopidae
980:Vaughnictis
958:Asaphestera
939:Caseasauria
408:Premaxillae
371:Description
322:Reisz, 2019
282:Reisz, 2019
250:Caseasauria
2430:Caseasaurs
2424:Categories
2303:See also:
2259:Kamagorgon
2249:Dinosaurus
2213:Cynodontia
2202:Cynodontia
2029:Therapsida
2016:Therapsida
1959:see below↓
1950:Therapsida
1880:Dimetrodon
1828:Shashajaia
1612:Milosaurus
1544:Ophiacodon
1391:Dimacrodon
1358:see below↓
1306:Ruthiromia
1291:Aerosaurus
1201:Nitosaurus
1194:Dendromaia
1166:Apsisaurus
1091:Martensius
1077:Euromycter
858:see below↓
612:References
558:eothyridid
447:caseasaurs
400:Premaxilla
377:premaxilla
90:Artinskian
44:relocating
2365:Q85742922
2217:includes
2127:includes
2046:Raranimus
1901:Neosaurus
1602:Ianthodon
1327:Varanodon
1187:Eoscansor
1098:Oromycter
1042:Caseopsis
1035:Caseoides
973:Oedaleops
903:Synapsida
890:Synapsida
849:Synapsida
770:Tetrapoda
756:Kingdom:
740:Synapsida
664:: e6615.
587:Vertebrae
579:Vertebrae
541:Oromycter
521:Oromycter
511:Dentition
497:Dentaries
483:Oromycter
475:Oromycter
471:Oromycter
467:Oromycter
439:Oromycter
415:Oromycter
381:maxillary
363:Etymology
338:from the
336:synapsids
288:Species:
234:Synapsida
207:Kingdom:
201:Eukaryota
2359:Wikidata
2325:Category
1887:Eosyodon
1872:Cutleria
1741:Haptodus
1731:Cutleria
1656:Gordodon
1411:Gorgodon
1401:Driveria
1334:Watongia
1320:Varanops
1243:Cabarzia
1236:Anningia
991:Caseidae
966:Eothyris
764:Chordata
762:Phylum:
758:Animalia
690:30997285
461:Maxillae
453:Maxillae
351:Oklahoma
263:Caseidae
256:Family:
221:Chordata
217:Phylum:
211:Animalia
197:Domain:
2394:9925597
2219:mammals
1070:Eocasea
779:Amniota
556:and in
553:Eocasea
489:Dentary
435:foramen
427:palatal
423:process
385:dentary
313:†
292:†
269:Genus:
2407:433197
1209:Pyozia
688:
681:646239
678:
594:centra
1028:Casea
775:Clade
658:PeerJ
420:nasal
395:Skull
241:Clade
228:Clade
2389:GBIF
2211:see
2188:see
2153:see
2121:see
2095:see
2069:see
835:see
808:see
686:PMID
523:and
391:.
104:PreꞒ
676:PMC
666:doi
42:or
2426::
2404::
2391::
2376::
2361::
777::
684:.
674:.
660:.
656:.
620:^
575:.
359:.
243::
230::
154:Pg
98:Ma
2265:†
2255:†
2245:†
2176:†
2141:†
2109:†
2083:†
2057:†
2042:†
1941:?
1933:?
1925:?
1875:?
1839:†
1824:†
1782:†
1767:†
1757:†
1747:†
1737:†
1727:†
1623:†
1608:†
1598:†
1504:†
1444:?
1437:†
1427:†
1417:†
1407:†
1397:†
1387:†
1301:?
1204:?
1154:?
1149:†
961:?
941:?
936:†
927:?
920:†
732:e
725:t
718:v
692:.
668::
662:7
345:(
273:†
260:†
247:†
159:N
149:K
144:J
139:T
134:P
129:C
124:D
119:S
114:O
109:Ꞓ
93:~
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
50:.
36:.
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