Knowledge (XXG)

Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8

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446: 315: 228: 42: 278: 290:. This soon led to a temporary shortage of these undercarriages and the practice had to be discontinued until May 1918, after which several F.K.8s were fitted with revised undercarriages. Most production F.K.8s had modifications to the wings, gunner's seat and the exhaust system. The tall inverted vee radiators incorporated improved tubes which reduced the blockages. On later aircraft the nose cowling was redesigned and smaller box radiators were standardised. 473: 518: 496: 293:
In service the F.K.8 (nicknamed the "Big Ack") proved to be effective and dependable, being used for reconnaissance, artillery spotting, ground-attack, contact-patrol and day and night bombing. It was reputedly easier to fly than the R.E.8 and was sturdier but its performance was even more pedestrian
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The type had several teething troubles: the oleo undercarriage was unable to withstand rough use on the front line airfields, tail skids frequently broke and the original radiators blocked up quickly. Following instructions issued on 30 April 1917, some F.K.8s were refitted with simplified
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One F.K.8 was purchased by a pilot named Sydney Stewart in the early 1920s, who took the aircraft to Buenos Aires and gave flying lessons. There he met Francisco Cusmanich, a Paraguayan pilot. Stewart and Cusmanich offered their services to the Paraguayan government during the
413:. Both pilots flew several reconnaissance and light bombing sorties over the rebel positions. In one of those sorties, the F.K.8 was hit several times with ground fire causing an explosion on board, killing Stewart and Cusmanich instantly. 269:
arrived in France and some early production F.K.8s may have used the Arsiad interrupter gear instead. The Armstrong Whitworth mechanism (like other early mechanical synchronising systems) proved unreliable and was later replaced by the
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types. While the pilot and observer were placed reasonably close together, communication between the two lacked the "tap on the shoulder" intimacy of the Bristol Fighter (or the R.E.8 for that matter).
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engine. Unfortunately the engine was unsatisfactory and this version of the Bristol never saw service. Like the R.E.8, the F.K.8 was quickly discarded with the end of the war – the last squadron,
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Sapienza, Antonio Luis (April 1999). "Le role de aviation lors de la révolution de 1922 au Paraguay" [The Role of Aircraft during the 1922 Paraguayan Revolution].
346:, being capable of carrying up to six 40 lb (20 kg) phosphorus smoke bombs, up to four 65 lb (29 kg) bombs or two 112 lb (51 kg) bombs on 306:
seems to have been the name of a reconnaissance version of the F.K.8 but it may have been no more than a project. A total of 1,650 of the standard F.K.8 were built.
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featured a long, pointed horn-balance. The type was fitted with basic dual controls for the observer to control the aircraft if the pilot became incapacitated.
2140: 261:, with the addition of a forward-firing .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun to port of and slightly behind the engine. The Armstrong Whitworth 1344: 2506: 2486: 2496: 338:
and for home defence, proving more popular in service than its better known contemporary the R.E.8. The F.K.8 was principally used for corps
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was an unknown quantity, it was decided that fifty of the Armstrong Whitworth design, renamed the F.K.8., would be ordered for the RFC.
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With the R.E.8, the F.K.8 was scheduled to be replaced for corps reconnaissance by a version of the Bristol Fighter with a
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Andersson, Lennart (July–August 2004). "Wings Over the Desert: Aviation on the Arabian Peninsula: Part One Saudi Arabia".
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Late production F.K.8 showing modified undercarriage, cowling, and radiators, as well as the final long exhausts
2248: 2198: 2077: 1841: 1481: 1400: 274:. From the fifth production aircraft, the rudder balance was shortened and the shape of the fin was modified. 2015: 1979: 1751: 64: 295: 71: 1958: 1816: 978: 243: 2355: 2164: 1040: 983: 628: 394: 271: 262: 2341: 2297: 2174: 2149: 802: 613: 607: 593: 588: 583: 566: 561: 556: 488:– The Kingdom of Hejaz received two F.K.8s in 1921, at least one remaining in existence until 1923. 323: 314: 287: 227: 179: 87: 41: 1902: 551: 546: 530: 376: 365: 361: 335: 331: 240: 98: 2491: 1909: 1318: 1301: 1280: 1254: 1235: 1216: 1197: 1178: 1161: 382:
In 1918 operators in aircraft Nos. 5082 & 5117, under the charge of Captain Tate, R.A.F.,
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Eight aircraft were civil-registered after the war with two aircraft being used in
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Late Model F.K.8 with small radiators, streamlined nose, and vee-undercarriage.
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Early production F.K.8 showing original undercarriage, cowling and radiators
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until the end of the war, at which point 694 F.K.8s remained on RAF charge.
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Prins, François (Spring 1994). "Pioneering Spirit: The QANTAS Story".
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by the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services (later
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The production aircraft were identical in most respects to
190:. It was a sturdier aircraft than the F.K.3, with a larger 194:
and wings, and was powered by a 160 hp (110 kW)
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Taylor, John W. R. (1969). "Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8.".
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The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)
220:. No armament was initially provided for the pilot. The 739:
50 imp gal (60 US gal; 230 L)
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Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present
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shock absorbers and the observer was equipped with a
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95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn) at sea level
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
130: 122: 117: 109: 94: 82: 70: 56: 51: 34: 322:The first squadron to take the type to France was 1196:. Algen, Pennsylvania, USA: Schiffer Publishing. 1106: 386:by radio through obstacles in trials at Dover. 2502:1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft 2134: 1345: 987:. Vol. LXIII, no. 2312. p. 612 878: 876: 874: 409:" in honor of the President of Paraguay, Dr. 265:was incomplete at the time the first example 158:. The type served alongside the better known 8: 1315:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 294:and it shared the inherent stability of the 239:, flew in May 1916 and was delivered to the 27:1916 utility aircraft by Armstrong Whitworth 1192:Hagedorn, Dan; Sapienza, Anonio L. (1997). 1046:, 2 October 2008. Retrieved: 23 April 2009. 1004: 1002: 2141: 2127: 2119: 1854: 1375: 1352: 1338: 1330: 216:mounting for a .303 in (7.7 mm) 31: 1094: 782:15.4 min to 6,500 ft (2,000 m) 170:The aircraft, originally designated the 1251:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913 870: 749:water-cooled six-cylinder inline engine 683:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913 571:Headquarters Communication Squadron RFC 146:was a British two-seat general-purpose 1137: 1082: 913: 1215:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. 1125: 1027: 1008: 964: 952: 940: 928: 901: 882: 368:, on 27 March 1918 and the second by 357:were won by pilots of F.K.8s; one by 7: 1058:"La Guerra Civil Parguaya 1922–1923" 1194:Aircraft of the Chaco War 1928–1935 715:10 ft 11 in (3.33 m) 709:43 ft 6 in (13.26 m) 250:on 16 June. Because its rival, the 703:31 ft 5 in (9.58 m) 281:The cockpit placement of the F.K.8 25: 805:and 1 × flexibly mounted .303 in 2507:Military aircraft of World War I 1279:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1160:. No. 112. pp. 39–43. 516: 494: 471: 444: 40: 2487:Single-engined tractor aircraft 1300:. No. 53. pp. 24–32. 1062:Historia y Arqueologia Marítima 721:540 sq ft (50 m) 1177:. London: Putnam and Company. 1: 2497:1910s British bomber aircraft 2298:Nationale Vliegtuig Industrie 1213:The British Bomber Since 1914 776:13,000 ft (4,000 m) 733:2,811 lb (1,275 kg) 429:, then Qantas Airways Ltd.). 184:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c 2517:Aircraft first flown in 1916 2477:Armstrong Whitworth aircraft 1361:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft 1107:Hagedorn & Sapienza 1997 977:Bruce, J. M. (15 May 1953). 852:Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 847:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 669:1 Training Depot Station RFC 373:Ferdinand Maurice Felix West 342:but was also used for light 252:Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 814:up to 260 lb (118 kg) bombs 727:1,916 lb (869 kg) 263:gun synchronising mechanism 2533: 1211:Mason, Francis K. (1994). 798:1 × fixed, forward firing 2342:N.V. Koolhoven Vliegtuige 1317:(in French) (73): 24–26. 830:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.3 666:127 Training Squadron RFC 663:110 Training Squadron RFC 384:controlled unmanned boats 188:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.3 182:as a replacement for the 144:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 135:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.7 39: 2249:British Aerial Transport 2158:Pre-World War I aircraft 1230:Munson, Kenneth (1967). 660:61 Training Squadron RFC 657:57 Training Squadron RFC 654:50 Training Squadron RFC 651:39 Training Squadron RFC 648:31 Training Squadron RFC 645:15 Training Squadron RFC 286:vee-undercarriages from 1249:Tapper, Oliver (1988). 1232:Aircraft of World War I 688:General characteristics 642:3 Training Squadron RFC 65:Reconnaissance aircraft 18:Armstrong Whitworth FK8 676:Specifications (F.K.8) 319: 296:Royal Aircraft Factory 282: 232: 166:Design and development 1234:. London: Ian Allan. 1173:Bruce, J. M. (1982). 1064:. Fundación Histarmar 1041:"Paraguay Air Force." 317: 280: 244:Central Flying School 230: 2165:Koolhoven Heidevogel 1455:Post-First World War 395:No. 150 Squadron RAF 288:Bristol F.2 Fighters 2175:Armstrong Whitworth 1128:, pp. 103, 105 1056:English, Adrian J. 824:Related development 803:Vickers machine gun 379:on 10 August 1918. 310:Operational history 272:Constantinescu gear 235:The first example, 180:Frederick Koolhoven 152:Armstrong Whitworth 88:Frederick Koolhoven 77:Armstrong Whitworth 52:General information 2482:Koolhoven aircraft 1253:. London: Putnam. 955:, pp. 102–103 904:, pp. 100–101 531:Royal Flying Corps 465:Military operators 403:Revolution of 1922 377:No. 8 Squadron RAF 366:No. 2 Squadron RFC 362:Alan Arnett McLeod 320: 283: 241:Royal Flying Corps 233: 178:aircraft designer 174:, was designed by 99:Royal Flying Corps 2464: 2463: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2111: 1921:Army co-operation 1725: 1724: 979:"F.E. and B.A.T." 780:Time to altitude: 359:Second Lieutenant 218:Lewis machine gun 140: 139: 16:(Redirected from 2524: 2273:F.K.25 Basilisk 2143: 2136: 2129: 2120: 1928:Atlas/Ajax/Aries 1855: 1376: 1354: 1347: 1340: 1331: 1326: 1309: 1290: 1264: 1245: 1226: 1207: 1188: 1169: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1097:, pp. 39–40 1092: 1086: 1085:, pp. 67–68 1080: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1053: 1047: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1012: 1006: 997: 996: 994: 992: 981:Correspondence. 974: 968: 962: 956: 950: 944: 938: 932: 926: 917: 911: 905: 899: 886: 880: 790: 774:Service ceiling: 757: 747:Beardmore 160 hp 690: 629:142 Squadron RFC 522: 520: 519: 500: 498: 497: 479:Kingdom of Hejaz 477: 475: 474: 450: 448: 447: 407:Presidente Ayala 355:Victoria Crosses 44: 32: 21: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2336: 2292: 2243: 2169: 2153: 2147: 2117: 2108: 2099:Argosy (AW.660) 2082: 2061: 2045:General purpose 2040: 1994: 1968: 1932: 1916: 1884: 1846: 1721: 1450: 1379:First World War 1371: 1369: 1363: 1358: 1312: 1293: 1287: 1274: 1271: 1269:Further reading 1261: 1248: 1242: 1229: 1223: 1210: 1204: 1191: 1185: 1172: 1153: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1015: 1007: 1000: 990: 988: 976: 975: 971: 963: 959: 951: 947: 939: 935: 927: 920: 912: 908: 900: 889: 881: 872: 867: 821: 791: 786: 753: 686: 678: 614:47 Squadron RFC 608:17 Squadron RFC 594:50 Squadron RFC 589:39 Squadron RFC 584:36 Squadron RFC 567:82 Squadron RFC 562:35 Squadron RFC 557:10 Squadron RFC 540:Western Front: 535:Royal Air Force 517: 515: 509:Paraguayan Army 495: 493: 486:Hejaz Air Force 472: 470: 467: 445: 443: 440: 438:Civil operators 435: 419: 348:underwing racks 324:35 Squadron RFC 312: 168: 156:First World War 105: 90: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2530: 2528: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2469: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2138: 2131: 2123: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2066:Reconnaissance 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2028: 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1310: 1297:Air Enthusiast 1291: 1285: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1246: 1240: 1227: 1221: 1208: 1202: 1189: 1183: 1170: 1157:Air Enthusiast 1149: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1130: 1111: 1099: 1095:Andersson 2004 1087: 1075: 1048: 1039:Klaus, Erich. 1032: 1013: 998: 969: 957: 945: 933: 918: 906: 887: 869: 868: 866: 863: 860: 859: 854: 849: 844: 833: 832: 820: 817: 816: 815: 809: 784: 783: 777: 771: 765: 762:Maximum speed: 751: 750: 740: 737:Fuel capacity: 734: 728: 722: 716: 710: 704: 698: 677: 674: 673: 672: 671: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 634: 633: 632: 631: 620: 619: 618: 617: 611: 599: 598: 597: 596: 591: 586: 577:Home Defence: 575: 574: 573: 572: 569: 564: 559: 554: 552:8 Squadron RFC 549: 547:2 Squadron RFC 538: 537: 527: 526: 524:United Kingdom 512: 511: 505: 504: 490: 489: 482: 481: 466: 463: 462: 461: 455: 454: 439: 436: 434: 431: 418: 415: 340:reconnaissance 311: 308: 167: 164: 138: 137: 132: 131:Developed from 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 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1203:0-7643-0146-2 1199: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1184:0-370-30084-X 1180: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1139: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1076: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 986: 985: 980: 973: 970: 967:, p. 103 966: 961: 958: 954: 949: 946: 943:, p. 102 942: 937: 934: 931:, p. 101 930: 925: 923: 919: 915: 910: 907: 903: 898: 896: 894: 892: 888: 885:, p. 104 884: 879: 877: 875: 871: 864: 862: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 838: 837: 831: 828: 827: 826: 825: 818: 813: 810: 808: 804: 801: 797: 794: 793: 792: 789: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 760: 759: 758: 756: 748: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 731:Gross weight: 729: 726: 725:Empty weight: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 692: 691: 689: 684: 682: 675: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 640: 639: 638: 637: 630: 627: 626: 625: 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1372:designations 1368:Manufacturer 1314: 1295: 1276: 1250: 1231: 1212: 1193: 1174: 1155: 1148:Bibliography 1140:, p. 69 1133: 1109:, p. 14 1102: 1090: 1078: 1066:. Retrieved 1061: 1051: 1043: 1035: 1030:, p. 64 1011:, p. 63 989:. Retrieved 982: 972: 960: 948: 936: 916:, p. 31 909: 861: 835: 834: 823: 822: 811: 795: 787: 785: 779: 773: 767: 761: 754: 752: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 700: 694: 687: 685: 680: 679: 635: 621: 600: 576: 539: 420: 406: 399: 391:Sunbeam Arab 388: 381: 352: 321: 303: 301: 292: 284: 266: 258: 256: 236: 234: 199:water-cooled 171: 169: 143: 141: 123:First flight 110:Number built 72:Manufacturer 29: 2288:F.K.28 Crow 1138:Tapper 1988 1083:Tapper 1988 914:Munson 1967 857:Rumpler C.I 755:Performance 743:Powerplant: 622:Palestine: 601:Macedonia: 214:Scarff ring 154:during the 2471:Categories 2087:Transports 1762:Argosy (2) 1757:Argosy (1) 1126:Bruce 1982 1044:Aeroflight 1028:Mason 1994 1009:Mason 1994 991:7 December 965:Bruce 1982 953:Bruce 1982 941:Bruce 1982 929:Bruce 1982 902:Bruce 1982 883:Bruce 1982 842:Breguet 14 768:Endurance: 719:Wing area: 636:Training: 2300:aircraft] 2150:Koolhoven 2094:Albemarle 2021:Armadillo 1858:Airliners 1772:Armadillo 1742:Albemarle 1370:numerical 1323:1243-8650 1306:0143-5450 1166:0143-5450 807:Lewis gun 707:Wingspan: 681:Data from 452:Australia 433:Operators 423:Australia 336:Palestine 332:Macedonia 196:Beardmore 150:built by 2492:Biplanes 2344:aircraft 2251:aircraft 2177:aircraft 2152:aircraft 2036:Starling 2026:Scimitar 1999:Fighters 1889:Airships 1870:Atalanta 1827:Starling 1807:Scimitar 1802:Sea Hawk 1777:Atalanta 1068:23 April 819:See also 788:Armament 502:Paraguay 192:fuselage 186:and the 126:May 1916 83:Designer 2073:Tadpole 1990:A.W.171 1964:Whitley 1937:Bombers 1851:By role 1837:Whitley 1832:Tadpole 1730:By name 1717:A.W.690 1712:A.W.681 1707:A.W.680 1702:A.W.670 1697:A.W.660 1692:A.W.650 1687:A.W.171 1682:A.W.169 1677:A.W.168 800:.303 in 713:Height: 701:Length: 370:Captain 344:bombing 148:biplane 118:History 2512:Qantas 2456:F.K.59 2451:F.K.58 2446:F.K.57 2441:F.K.56 2436:F.K.55 2431:F.K.54 2426:F.K.53 2421:F.K.52 2416:F.K.51 2411:F.K.50 2406:F.K.49 2401:F.K.48 2396:F.K.47 2391:F.K.46 2386:F.K.45 2381:F.K.44 2376:F.K.43 2371:F.K.42 2366:F.K.41 2361:F.K.40 2356:F.K.36 2351:F.K.30 2332:F.K.35 2327:F.K.34 2322:F.K.33 2317:F.K.32 2312:F.K.31 2307:F.K.29 2283:F.K.27 2278:F.K.26 2258:F.K.22 2239:F.K.13 2234:F.K.12 2229:F.K.10 2031:Siskin 2011:A.W.16 1985:A.W.52 1959:Sinaia 1954:A.W.29 1949:A.W.23 1944:A.W.19 1880:Apollo 1875:Ensign 1822:Sissit 1817:Sinaia 1812:Siskin 1797:Meteor 1792:Ensign 1747:Apollo 1672:A.W.59 1667:A.W.58 1662:A.W.57 1657:A.W.56 1652:A.W.55 1647:A.W.54 1642:A.W.53 1637:A.W.52 1632:A.W.51 1627:A.W.50 1622:A.W.49 1617:A.W.48 1612:A.W.45 1607:A.W.44 1602:A.W.43 1597:A.W.41 1592:A.W.40 1587:A.W.39 1582:A.W.38 1577:A.W.37 1572:A.W.36 1567:A.W.35 1562:A.W.34 1557:A.W.33 1552:A.W.32 1547:A.W.31 1542:A.W.30 1537:A.W.29 1532:A.W.28 1527:A.W.27 1522:A.W.26 1517:A.W.25 1512:A.W.24 1507:A.W.23 1502:A.W.22 1497:A.W.21 1492:A.W.20 1487:A.W.19 1482:A.W.18 1477:A.W.17 1472:A.W.16 1467:A.W.15 1462:A.W.14 1441:F.K.13 1436:F.K.12 1431:F.K.10 1321:  1304:  1283:  1257:  1238:  1219:  1200:  1181:  1164:  984:Flight 812:Bombs: 616:(part) 610:(part) 521:  499:  476:  459:QANTAS 449:  427:QANTAS 328:France 304:F.K.13 248:Upavon 222:rudder 204:. The 202:engine 103:Qantas 61:Bomber 2224:F.K.9 2219:F.K.8 2214:F.K.7 2209:F.K.6 2204:F.K.5 2199:F.K.4 2194:F.K.3 2189:F.K.2 2104:Awana 2057:F.K.8 2052:F.K.3 1787:Awana 1782:Atlas 1767:Aries 1446:F.M.4 1426:F.K.9 1421:F.K.8 1416:F.K.7 1411:F.K.6 1406:F.K.5 1401:F.K.4 1396:F.K.3 1391:F.K.2 1386:F.K.1 865:Notes 796:Guns: 695:Crew: 267:A2636 208:used 176:Dutch 172:F.K.7 160:R.E.8 113:1,650 35:F.K.8 2078:Wolf 1842:Wolf 1737:Ajax 1319:ISSN 1302:ISSN 1281:ISBN 1255:ISBN 1236:ISBN 1217:ISBN 1198:ISBN 1179:ISBN 1162:ISSN 1070:2009 993:2009 770:3 hr 745:1 × 353:Two 302:The 259:A411 237:A411 210:oleo 142:The 57:Type 2016:Ara 1980:Ape 1911:R33 1904:R29 1897:25r 1752:Ara 375:of 364:of 246:at 2473:: 1114:^ 1060:. 1016:^ 1001:^ 921:^ 890:^ 873:^ 533:/ 350:. 334:, 330:, 2142:e 2135:t 2128:v 1353:e 1346:t 1339:v 1325:. 1308:. 1289:. 1263:. 1244:. 1225:. 1206:. 1187:. 1168:. 1072:. 995:. 697:2 63:/ 20:)

Index

Armstrong Whitworth FK8

Bomber
Reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer
Armstrong Whitworth
Frederick Koolhoven
Royal Flying Corps
Qantas
Armstrong Whitworth F.K.7
biplane
Armstrong Whitworth
First World War
R.E.8
Dutch
Frederick Koolhoven
Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c
Armstrong Whitworth F.K.3
fuselage
Beardmore
water-cooled
engine
undercarriage
oleo
Scarff ring
Lewis machine gun
rudder

Royal Flying Corps
Central Flying School

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