Long-legged buzzard

437:. The adult pale morph long-legged buzzard has a rather plain pale head, coloured creamy rufous to light sandy with at most a few darker streaks on the crown and a dark line through an eye, usually with a more solidly dark nape. The pale morph possess dark brown upper parts with sandy buff streaks against a more conspicuous sandy-brown mantle and wing coverts with dark feather-eters causing a contrasting effect. The pale morph adult's tail is light rufous-orange. The paleness of the head in light morphs continues down to breast, the lower part of which having pencil thin streaks, while the belly down to flanks and trousers is a darker rufous-brown. Meanwhile, the intermediate adult are similar to pale adult but with somewhat richer colour, darker and more rufous upperparts and having a slightly darker and more patterned breast. The rufous morph, arguably separate from the intermediate, is more ochracecous overall and a darker rufous on the dark parts of the plumage against the more contrasting pale head. Some rufous adult long-legged buzzards can show a greyish tail with some banding and at times a darker subterminal band. Dark morph adults are all blackish-brown to black with some whitish streaks on nape. The tail of dark morphs are gray to brown-grey with a broad subterminal band and 7 rather narrow and faint bars although many completely lack the latter bars. Juveniles of the pale, intermediate and rufous morphs are similar to the respective adults of their morphs but tend to possess neater, paler edging above, especially on the tips of the greater and median coverts. Also the juveniles are more streaky about the head and breast with tail going from pale whitish darkening outwards to grey-brown with irregular faint brown bars. Dark morph juveniles are less dark than the adult of that morph, sometimes evidencing a small paler patch on breast. The juvenile dark morph long-legged buzzard's tail pattern differs from the dark adult, generally browner than adult with 3 very broad bands and a slightly broader subterminal band but dark morph juvenile tails apparently very variable. Juvenile plumage lasts up to 2–3 years when first breeding occurs. Adults have very dark brown eyes, while the eyes of juveniles are pale grey to greyish yellow turning light brown before darking. The cere and legs are both dull yellow. 458:

linings. The flying rufous adult tends to look more uniform above with colours varying from ochre to tawny to darker rufous brown and to possess richer coloured darker parts, with the tail very variable in rufous morph. Dark adult in flight may appear with or without a pale nape patch. Dark morph long-legged buzzards above evidence pale bases to primaries, some less dark individuals showing slight contrast of brown-tinged wing coverts against blacker carpal areas with grayish cast to secondaries but tail more obviously pale and greyer and variable. Below dark morph adult striking contrasting from dark body and underwing coverts against pale flight feathers. Juvenile long-legged buzzards are evidently more streaky in pale, intermediate and rufous morphs with differing wing shape. Juveniles of the 3 morphs have comparatively uniform secondaries above with a paler based hand, the inner four primaries being thinly barred, the whitish tail becoming greyer brown and appear indistinctly barred distally. The trailing wing edges are more diffuse, greyer and narrower than on adults with a dark line often evidence along greater coverts. Dark morph juveniles in flight even more uniform above without darker trailing edges above and below greyish secondaries are much duskier-looking with broader but diffuse barring and often markedly wide trailing edges, this increasing the contrast against the dark tipped whitish hand.

587:), principally of the steppe subspecies, which breeds and migrates in often similar areas. Steppe buzzards are told apart by various features of plumage, i.e. darker head and chest with a contrasting paler breast band, fully barred and darker uppertails, less distinct carpal patch both above and below, more contrasting wing lining with median coverts paler, with the greater covert darkest. Due to much variation in plumage, steppe buzzards often not reliably distinguished and in distant sightings best told apart by their smaller size and differing proportions. The steppe buzzard is distinctly smaller, of more compact build and possess a distinctly shorter wings and tail than nominate long-legged buzzards. Furthermore, the steppe buzzard has a more pronounced head but less protruding bill and flies with faster but stiffer and less flexible beats. Furthermore, steppe buzzards tend to fly with flatter wings in a glide and less pronounced dihederal without tips pointed up. Dark morphs of the respective species are so similar that they must be told by size, proportions and flight actions. Especially hard to tell apart from the steppe buzzard is the smaller North African subspecies. In Asia the long-legged buzzard is similar to the 2180:, a nest with eggs which must have been laid in December was reported, with pair occupancy lasting to at least March. In Morocco, nuptial displays begin in January and February, peaking in March, with egg laying usually from March to April in the northern part of the country and from February to April in southern part. Elsewhere in North Africa, breeding seems to fall somewhat earlier from February to March, with possibly fledging completed by the month of May. The nesting period in Pakistan is about March to July, but records of eggs as late as June may refer to second or replacement clutches being laid. The nest is a large pile of sticks and branches, typically lined with green leaves, twigs, straw and wool. Nests are fairly large structures, averaging around 71 to 99 cm (28 to 39 in) in diameter, as in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan, respectively, but could easily exceed 1 m (3.3 ft) across in some cases. The average depth was 20 and 49 cm (7.9 and 19.3 in), ranging in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan from 15 to 100 cm (5.9 to 39.4 in) in depth. 2272:. The brood size averages about 2.3. The chicks initially have fine white down at first and then develop a second down coat with white to creamy white. The chicks are brooded considerably, especially by their mother for about 30 days, after which she may resume hunting. Fledgling of the chicks may occur at between 40 and 46 days of age for the young buzzards. The dependence period after they leave the nest can be relatively prolonged for a temperate-zone raptor, reaching perhaps a month in total. Breeding success rates are relatively quite poorly known in long-legged buzzards, with many sources failing to find extensive data on this topic. Data from Cyprus shows the nesting success varying greatly, perhaps based on food supplies, with an annual mean success rate varying from 46% to 93%. In northwestern China, the mean number of fledglings per nest was 0.7 while the mean fledged from successful nests was 1.4. The maximum estimated mean productivity per pair in Israel was about 0.96. 2265:

was reported (in a sample of 57) as 2.54. The clutch size in northwestern Iran averaged 3. In northwestern China, the mean clutch size was 3.3. The eggs are slightly rough, oval and largely whitish with a yellowish tint and a few wart like projections, with indistinct gray-brown to reddish brown markings, which tend to fade at the pointer tip of the oval. The average egg sizes in Ukraine, Armenia and northwestern China were 59.5 mm × 46.9 mm (2.34 in × 1.85 in), 60.3 mm × 47.2 mm (2.37 in × 1.86 in) and 56 mm × 43 mm (2.2 in × 1.7 in), respectively. Egg heights ranged from 53 to 63 mm (2.1 to 2.5 in) and diameter ranged from 42 to 49.5 mm (1.65 to 1.95 in), while in Armenia eggs weighed 72.9 g (2.57 oz) on average and in China they weighed 68.2 g (2.41 oz). Incubation appears to last for about 28 to 30 days.

2311:, with perhaps 400 pairs in Tunisia, 1000 or more pairs in Morocco. A small number nest in the Arabian Peninsula. Arabia has thought to experience a 5% decline in long-legged buzzard populations, perhaps due to overly extensive conversion of habitat to farmland and stone quarries. Saudi Arabia holds about 600 pairs, Oman and Yemen both about 100 pairs and the United Arab Emirates about 5 pairs. Fewer figures still are available from Asia, where the species is considered uncommon to rare in Pakistan, slightly more common in Kashmir and variously rare to uncommon in northwestern China and Turkmenia. Good habitat and strong circumstantial evidence of strong continuous breeding pairs in 1317:. No less often, they may hunt on the wing from hovering or active flight. During hunting on the wing they often hang in the air, at up to about 30 m (98 ft) above the ground, for sometimes several minutes, before dropping steepwise and making a short stoop. It is likely that the habitat being used and dictating availability of perches or sloping land from which to watch the ground dictate the variations in hunting modes seen in this species. Often the preferred hunting habitat is fairly open including upland steppe, arid semi-desert and cultivated fields. Occasionally they've been recorded in small towns as engaging in "stampeding" of 444:-like silhouette, it tends to appear with a protruding head with a somewhat heavy bill, long broad wings with fairly straight edges and only slightly tapering hands with rounded five-fingered end. It is relatively long-tailed with the tail having a fairly rounded shape. Juveniles tend to be slimmer looking with narrower wings and more S-shaped trailing edges as well as a somewhat longer tail. Long-legged buzzards tend to fly with comparatively slow, deep beats and to have a relatively slow flight. The species glides with their arms raised and hands more level, wings noticeably kinked at carpals and soars in wide circles with the wings in shallow 2281: 1060:. The North African and Arabian race may reportedly show a strong preference for open wooded and/or rocky areas but has been reported in a similarly broad amount of habitats as the nominate subspecies. The species may occur from sea-level up to about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in Europe, but in Asia uncommonly lives in mountains at elevations of up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) or even 3,900 m (12,800 ft) with migrants recorded to 5,000 m (16,000 ft). Younger birds disperse north of breeding grounds and there are records from Northern Europe. The breeding population in Greece is around 60 pairs. 955: 1301: 1151: 591:, which averages slightly bigger in size but is somewhat narrower winged. Typically the upland species has a large white patch on the hand above, with a uniform looking greyish white tail (with at most 2-3 dark bars only visible at close range), darker, more earthen brown on the breast and thighs and lacks the long-legged's typical warm, rufous tones. In dark morph upland buzzards, though they may manifest some darker ground colour on under secondaries and sometimes show pale U on breast but otherwise almost identical in appearance to dark morph long-legged buzzards. The only other 605:) which is similar in size, proportions and flight behaviour, extending to hovering (however the rough-legged is marginally smaller in size with shorter legs and a shorter bill). The rough-legged buzzard should be told apart from the long-legged by having a distinctive white based tail with a broad dark subterminal band as well as fully feathered legs, Juvenile rough-legged buzzards lack the dark underwing diagonals of many juvenile long-legged buzzards. The long-legged buzzard is potentially confusable with other medium or large unrelated species of raptor from outside of the 2149: 1274:. The nominate race more or less residential in the southern part of the breeding range but almost wholly migratory in north and east of range. Autumn migration commences any time from late August to throughout September. Data from intermediate areas such as Lebanon indicates that autumn passage can extend occasionally into November. Unlike common buzzards, long-legged buzzards tend to migrate singly or in small flocks. Quite small numbers tend to be recorded at main migratory hawk-watches. For example, 1,816 at 2172:

is sometimes undertaken by the male in which he circles before plunging on part closed wings, swooping up again, after which he may engage in tilting or even looping the loop at the zenith, drops nearly vertically, repeating dance one or more times. Territories are fairly large for long-legged buzzards. In Ukraine, there was an estimated per pair occupancy of about 120 km (46 sq mi) while in Kazakhstan, in an area of 100 km (39 sq mi), there an estimated mean of 2.8 nesting pairs.

386: 4396: 572: 1552: 1925: 2302:

200-750 pairs occurring in Bulgaria and about 60-300 pairs in Greece and 50 pairs in Ukraine, with fewer in Albania and a few other countries. Europe contains less than a quarter of the global population and the declines from historic numbers were still over 30%, so the long-legged buzzard is considered locally a Vulnerable species in Europe. Furthermore, about 500 pairs are estimated to nest in Israel, as recorded after slight population depletions due largely to

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habitats with). There is little information on their position except for their place in the food chain. Their main predator appears to be Eurasian eagle-owls. Although no predation acts have been documented in Bulgaria, in many other mutual parts of the range, long-legged buzzards have turned up in the diet of the powerful eagle-owls. Other larger raptors birds are known to occasionally hunt down long-legged buzzards as well. These have been documented to include

1952:, rats and various reptiles such as lizards and to be generally less strongly reliant on voles as prey. It was documented in northeastern Greece that the two species often engaged in interspecific conflicts around the nests, with the common buzzard comprising the largest percent of aggressive interactions documented for long-legged buzzards, at 10 out of 47 such interactions. In their distribution, long-legged buzzards often share relatively open, sunny and 86: 42: 2184: 231: 61: 467: 1283:

buzzards in Korea. A majority of the species winter in the eastern Mediterranean, i.e. Greece, Asia Minor through Middle East and Arabia to southern Tibet and northern India, as well as elsewhere in Asia. Central Asian areas may show a mixture of migratory populations, staging grounds and some wintering buzzards. Moderate numbers of long-legged buzzards tend to be documented in Africa, mostly in the

2028:). A few raptorial birds have also turned up at different times in the diet of long-legged buzzards as well and, compared to the common buzzard, the lesser studied long-legged buzzards may be more prone to interspecific killings from the number reported despite their being relatively few prey studies. Among the raptorial birds documented as apparent prey of long-legged buzzards are 2210:, of 22 nests, only 1 was in a tree, while the rest were a variety of cliffs from sea cliffs to mountainous areas of around 1,100 m (3,600 ft) elevation. All known nests in northwestern China as well as in southwestern Iran were located on cliffs. In Bulgaria, in the absence of natural rocks, the long-legged buzzards largely adapted to nesting alongside manmade 1255: 1361:. The dietary biology of the long-legged buzzard is rather less well-documented than that of common buzzard, even in the European portion of their range, still nearly 200 prey species have been described for it. Staple prey, i.e. vertebrates, for long-legged buzzards taken generally fall in body mass between 20 g (0.71 oz) and 1,500 g (3.3 lb). 1313:, regularly still-hunt, using tallish or high perch sites or mounds, spending long periods of time scanning the ground. Regular perch sites while hunting may include power poles, pylons, powerlines, boulders, rocky outcrops and dead and sometimes live trees. They also will watch for prey whilst standing on the ground, sometimes right by the entrance of a prey's 1448:) at 443 g (15.6 oz), on average. Different Ukrainian study found a predominance of greater mole-rats in the diet, with these constituting 44.5% of the diet by number, rodents altogether making up 77.5% of the foods. Meanwhile, the diet in this second Ukrainian study showed an unusual profusion of bird prey, making up 22.3%. The diet in the Hungarian 1940:. Little is known how the two co-exist, but the long-legged buzzard is known to be more of a bird of open and rocky habitat rather than wooded edge, nesting often on or about rocks rather than in trees. Both the common and long-legged buzzards are often highly opportunistic but the long-legged buzzard is liable to take a variety of small mammals such as 1713:) the most significant at 19.6% of 561 prey items (pigeons were 10.7% amongst the 1239 prey items). Overall the Judean Hills long-legged buzzards preferred reptiles, at 47.2% of the foods, and birds, at 32.2%, rather strongly over mammals, 18.3%, which is not unexpected in the region's semi-desert environment. The predominant prey in 2008:) there. Although there were differences in the diet, the short-toed taking more snakes, the long-legged buzzard more lizards and birds, with partitioning in primary hunting times, the long-legged buzzard fared well in interactions being the swifter and often more aggressive raptor than the somewhat larger eagle. 369:. Adaptable to a variety of habitats, long-legged buzzards may nest on a variety of surfaces, including rocks, cliffs and trees. it is a typical buzzard in its reproductive biology. The long-legged buzzard is widely distributed and appears to be quite stable in population. Therefore, it is considered as 2301:

was between 5000 and 15,000 pairs while by 2015 the estimated population where was 11,800-19,200 pairs breeding pairs. The following estimates show from the smaller numbers of the 1990s to the generally higher estimated numbers by 2015. There are an estimated 800-1500 pairs nesting in western Russia,

617:. However, all of these usually tend to have a number of distinctive morphological, especially the proportion and shapes of their wings, head and tail and flight actions, as well as plumage features that tend to easily separate them from even the most similarly hued and sized of long-legged buzzards. 2171:

sometimes in passage in small groups, rarely traveling in large flocks. The long-legged buzzard's aerial display similar but less well documented than that of the common buzzard. They tend to engage in mutual high circling, with both sexes diving at each other. Additionally, an impressive sky dance

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While the diet is reasonably well studied in the European, eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern areas, farther east the diet is largely incidentally known, from secondary observations and rarely quantitatively analyzed (while the North African populations are almost entirely unknown in terms of

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in favor of females, as they may be to 15% larger and can average up to 30% heavier. The mean body mass of males is 1,035 g (2.282 lb), amongst a sample of 8 with weights ranging from 590 to 1,281 g (1.301 to 2.824 lb), while the mean was 1,315 g (2.899 lb) in females,

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The long-legged buzzard may lay a variably sized clutch. Typically 2 to 4 eggs are laid but from 1 to 6 egg clutches have been documented. The average clutch size in Ukraine was 2.7, in a sample of 8. The same clutch size mean was reported in Cyprus as well. The average clutch size in North Africa

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but migrants have been documented in both west Africa and east Africa as vagrants. Spring returns flights occur from late February on for about a month and a half, peaking in the 2nd half of March with even fewer typically seen at major migratory sites than in the fall. For example, only about 105

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of this race measures 343 to 394 mm (13.5 to 15.5 in) in males and 380 to 425 mm (15.0 to 16.7 in) in females. Additionally, tail length measures 188 to 197 mm (7.4 to 7.8 in) in males and 196 to 201 mm (7.7 to 7.9 in) in females while tarsus length is 72 to

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the total number of long-legged buzzards is up to around 130 each autumn. The species normally reaches the Indian subcontinent by about September or October and leaves by about March. Corresponding arrival and departure dates as in the Indian subcontinent were documented for wintering long-legged

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The long-legged buzzard appears to occupy an intermediate position in the food guild of medium to large diurnal raptors in steppe, meadows, plateaus and coastal areas, in keeping with its body size (which is large for a buzzard but smaller than many species of eagle that it is obligated to share

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frequently and for extended periods. In the flight, the whitish based orangey tail often looks all white at a distance and to stand out in its paleness against the dark rear body and the rear wings. The primary coverts and many greater coverts are blackish in adult long-legged buzzards with the

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The long-legged buzzard's voice is not well studied nor is it believed to be particularly vocal. The species is known to sometimes calls on display but it is less vocal than common buzzard. The call is similar to the latter species but the notes are shorter and slightly higher. The long-legged

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with blackish bars radiating outwards on wingtips and on the trailing edges. The underwing coverts are usually lightly streaked with rufous in pale adults, while intermediate adult has a stronger contrast from pale head and breast to darker, browner upperbody and wing coverts, breast and wing

1662:) were well represented in the Cyprus diet, rendering an estimated rough two-thirds of the diet to consist of small prey weighing 100 g (3.5 oz) or less. However, a not inconsiderable amount of prey weighing in the range of 500 g (1.1 lb) were taken including young 524:). Length can range from 50 to 66 cm (20 to 26 in) and wingspan from 112 to 163 cm (3 ft 8 in to 5 ft 4 in). Mean wingspan may be about 145 cm (4 ft 9 in), with wingspans surely rivaling the upland buzzard as the greatest of all 541:

long-legged buzzards were 1,000 to 1,300 g (2.2 to 2.9 lb) with slighter lengths of 46 to 55 cm (18 to 22 in) and wingspans of 129 to 150 cm (4 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in). Among standard measurements, nominate subspecies males attain a

1988:) It was documented that the long-legged buzzard was the most significant nest constructor for nesting saker falcons in Kazakhstan, with the falcons usually using old or alternate buzzard nests. Nesting habitat often coincides with and prey is somewhat similar to the 558:

is 23.4 to 30 mm (0.92 to 1.18 in) in both sexes, with an average of 27.9 mm (1.10 in) in migrants at Eilat. Mature migrants in Eilat measured from 24.8 to 32.1 mm (0.98 to 1.26 in), averaging 27.8 mm (1.09 in), on the enlarged

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Although frequently described as sluggish, the long-legged buzzard appears by most accounts to be a fairly active and powerful predator. This species often hunts by pounces on unwary prey from a variety of lookout perches. Long-legged buzzards, like many

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are often predominantly utilized during winter. Those wintering in the Indian subcontinent largely use similar arid open plains, semi-deserts and cultivated areas but perhaps surprisingly are considered a characteristic wintering raptor of

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use in the 1950s. The Turkish population is ample at 1000-10,000 pairs, probably 3000-6000; with about 1000-2500 in Azerbaijan. Additionally, numbers are considered unchanged in Armenia. There are less well known populations and trends in

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area. It has been long hypothesized that this may be a distinct species but extreme variations of both races and minimal differences in behaviour, voice and morphology have prevented said species recognition. Unlike some populations of

1094:, with nearly 30 species (one of the most diverse genera of diurnal raptors), radiated through Eurasia and Africa, relatively recently in the subfamily's evolutionary history. The most similar extant species and once thought both of as 329:, being one of the larger species therein. This species is simultaneously considered relatively powerful and aggressive for its taxonomic group as well as a relatively sluggish raptor overall. Like most buzzards, it prefers small 726:

in 2009. The recent colonization Europe due to the climate in southern Europe becoming more suitable for this species. Vagrant accidental long-legged buzzards have been documented several times in many parts of Europe, including

500:), notably exceed the average and maximum weight of nominate long-legged buzzards or attain similar wingspans, but several other species of the genus broadly overlap in body size with the long-legged buzzard (for instance the 2292:

and generally the long-legged buzzard may be somewhat less numerous than they once were in the more western parts of the range. On the other hand, since the 1990s, there have been recent increases reported in Europe, mainly

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region of Russia found that about 100 prey items of long-legged buzzards consisted of by diverse prey and less based in small mammals or lizards than other regions. The most frequent identified prey here were unidentified

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and accipitrids, usually rather solitary outside of the pair bond. However, occasionally forms very loose breeding groups, at times several as close as 300 m (980 ft) or in the same crag. It is also slightly

894:, with those that breed in Europe, Russia and Central Asia often departing their breeding grounds for the winter. The wintering areas of migrating long-legged buzzards extend through much of lower Central Asia and the 2175:

The breeding season of the long-legged buzzard can fall at variable times of the years. In Europe, it tends to breed from March to July. Similarly phenology of breeding is reported in Armenia and even in Iraq. In the

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on a smallish head, long wings and a rather long tail and relatively long legs with powerful feet. The species tends to be considered sluggish, perching openly and prominently and in rather upright positions on a

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and other vertebrates the remaining balance, with prey varying in size from invertebrates weighing a fraction of a gram to mammals of up to 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) such as young European hare and non-native

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tends to be paler overall than nominate long-legged buzzards, with a somewhat more strongly contrasting rufous belly. It is said that this race lacks a dark morph despite some confusion on the issue.

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Hybridisation between the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo buteo and the North African race of Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus cirtensis in the Strait of Gibraltar: prelude or preclude to colonisation?

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Friedemann, G.; Leshem, Y.; Kerem, L.; Bar-Massada, A.; Izhaki, I. (2017). "Nest-site characteristics, breeding success and competitive interactions between two recently sympatric apex predators".

1848:), at a mean mass of 460 g (1.01 lb) comprising 15.7% of the biomass. In northeastern China, the diet was fairly well studied, albeit in a somewhat small study. Of 50 prey items, here 579:

Paler individuals of the long-legged buzzard are typically reasonably distinctive but their highly variable plumage leads to mistaken identity. The main confusion is with the even more variable

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resting on ledges, crevices and under the eaves of old buildings by suddenly flying up using the cover of the buildings and catching them as they rise. Long-legged buzzards are known to visit

2245:. Some nests along the perimeter of old buildings have been documented as well. At times the long-legged buzzard will use the old nest of another species, apparently largely ravens such as 718:. Recent sightings indicate that there is a small population in the Apulian region of south-eastern Italy. Similarly, increasing records of long-legged buzzards are known in far southern 1228:, this subspecies is entirely residential and is not known to migrate. This subspecies tends to be notably smaller than the nominate long-legged buzzard, however evidence indicates that 433:. The long-legged buzzard also often takes to standing on the ground where it walks slowly, often waddling somewhat. This species is highly variable in plumage, with three to four main 4171:

Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 2. Order Accipitriformes, genera Pernis, Milvus, Neophron, Gyps, Aegypius, Circaetus, Circus, Accipiter, Buteo & Pandion

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areas of northern Africa, southeastern Europe, west and central Asia east to China, and down to as far as central India. The farthermost western part of their breeding range is in

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and drops in pitch at the end of the brief 0.5-0.8 second call. It is said that compared to the common buzzard, the calls of the long-legged buzzard are "less squealing" and more "

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are recorded throughout an average spring in Eilat. Breeding usually already commenced by March-mid April to May, even for birds breeding in the northerly part of the range.

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are ideal nesting areas. In a study in Iran, 41% of long-legged buzzards were on open plains with low vegetation, 29% on plains with somewhat taller vegetation, 12% were in

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A report on the activity of the small birds of prey and owls group: Conservation workshop of the fauna of Arabia, Desert Park Sharjah, 19–23, February, 2006. Sharjah, UAE

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is not considered closely related either, hybridization has also been recently appearing between long-legged buzzards and common buzzards in Gibraltar, as well as in the

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were found to be highly reliant on the European ground squirrel which comprised 21.2% of 268 prey items there. Most other prey were largely unidentified but included

5211: 2606:, version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. 1424:), both averaging an estimated 215 g (7.6 oz) and collectively comprising 22% of the diet by number and 49.2% of the biomass. Other important prey were 1039: 5263: 4236:

Nesting of Long-legged Buzzard ( Buteo rufinus , Accipitriformes , Accipitridae ) in natural arboreal and shrub communities of the Trans-Volga clay semi-desert

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seems to reinforce the importance as elsewhere in eastern Europe of common voles and European hamsters in the diet of long-legged buzzards. In southeastern

1836:, at estimated mean of 400 g (14 oz) body mass, were second in number, at 9%, and primary in biomass at 21.8%. Other significant prey here were 2297:, where expanding population and post-breeding dispersals have enlarged their range in Hungarian steppes. In the 1990s, the estimated population in the 554:

length, males may measure 83 to 93 mm (3.3 to 3.7 in) while females attain 87 to 96 mm (3.4 to 3.8 in). In the nominate race, the

2198:, crag or low rocks, often in fairly shaded relative to the often sunny environs. In Kazakhstan, more than 75% of 53 nests were on such ledges or in 1106:. However, a genetic study indicated that the long-legged and upland buzzards do not bear a strong genetic relation and the species are by and large 5395: 5172: 1618:

comprised 18.4% and 22.5% of prey numbers, birds 6.3% and 13.5% of the diet and reptiles 16.2% and 4.52% of the diets, respectively. It appears in

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in a sample of 11 ranging from 945 to 1,760 g (2.083 to 3.880 lb). Meanwhile, the weights of migrating long-legged buzzards migrating in

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Chamorro, D.; Olivero, J.; Real, R.; Muñoz, A.R. (2017). "Environmental factors determining the establishment of the African Long-legged Buzzard

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Notes on distribution, conservation, and taxonomy of birds from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of six species new to the archipelago

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is quite diverse, with prey often observed to be taken consisting of small mammals, being up to 85% of the diet, with primary prey often being

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species. In southwestern Iran, 100 estimated prey items found by combination of prey remains, pellets and video recordings. The main prey were

4332:. In Report of Proceedings: World Conference on Birds of Prey, Vienna, 1–3 October 1975 (p. 118). International Council for Bird Preservation. 1996:), as in Bulgaria where they can even nest in the same groves, but the much larger eagle-owl can seldom be said to compete directly given its 546:

of 405 to 459 mm (15.9 to 18.1 in) while the female attains a wing chord of 428 to 496 mm (16.9 to 19.5 in). In males the

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in order to capture displaced prey, often engaging in this along with other raptors. The long-legged buzzard has a fairly typical diet for a

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Distribution, abundance, breeding parameters, threats and prey preferences of the eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) in European Turkey

759:, the long-legged buzzard is one of the most continuously found and abundant breeding resident raptors, being distributed throughout all of 4453: 4110:

New data on the distribution and number of large birds of prey in Northern Ustyurt within the boundaries of the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan

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The long-legged buzzard occurs over a broad range across Eurasia. They often co-exist in several areas with the steppe subspecies of the

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were 1,182 g (2.606 lb) in mature buzzards and 1,047 g (2.308 lb) in second-year juveniles. The measurements of live

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and barren hill slopes. In the Indian subcontinent, the species may often be seen using a variety of perches including bushes, hedges,

5185: 5120: 2775: 3449: 1330: 5458: 5453: 1767:) at 29.85% by number, 39.4% by biomass (with an estimated mean mass of 300 g (11 oz) and mature adult agamas such as 5133: 1638:, 559 prey total prey items were found by combination of observation, prey remains and pellets. The main prey here by far were 4108:

Smelyansky I.E., Tomilenko A.A., Barashkova A.N., Yakovlev A.A., Krivopalova A.Yu., Pestov M.V., & Terentyev V.A. (2020).

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may measure 204 to 244 mm (8.0 to 9.6 in) while the female may measure 223 to 262 mm (8.8 to 10.3 in). In

5448: 5438: 5229: 2894:

Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The birds of the Western Palearctic: 2. Hawks to Bustards

2280: 1725:) followed by again the starred agama and generally appeared not dissimilar from the diet of the species on Cyprus. On the 1017:

and 18% were in cultivated lands. While long-legged buzzards predominantly forage in wildlands, they are also adaptable to

954: 5250: 4088:

Sanchez-Zapata, J. A., Carrete, M., Gravilov, A., Sklyarenko, S., Ceballos, O., Donazar, J. A., & Hiraldo, F. (2003).

1134:. Additionally, little-known buzzards (once thought to be part of the common buzzard) living on the respective islands of 425:

or similar vantage point with a good commanding view; they will also perch regularly on artificial raised points such as

4051:

Breeding biology and diet of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in the eastern Junggar Basin of Northwestern China

3840:

Breeding Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus in forests of southwestern Iran: feeding habits and reproductive performance

1300: 1150: 5443: 4507: 2148: 1816: 5346: 2206:, 8% in trees and 4% on high hills less frequently nest ground, in a tree or steep slope or old large bird nest. In 5268: 5151: 1449: 682:(mainly northwestern parts). Long-legged buzzards occur accidentally in several other parts of Africa. In mainland 1404:), averaging an estimated 25 g (0.88 oz) and constituting 48.4% of the diet by number and 12.59% of the 5164: 4385: 2892:

Cramp, S., Simmons, K. L. E., Brooks, D. C., Collar, N. J., Dunn, E., Gillmor, R., & Olney, P. J. S. (1983).

1606:, 244 prey items were recorded to feed mostly on unidentified small rodents, especially voles, as well as larger 638:-like". A long-legged buzzard leaving its nest in Morocco just after sunrise was said to have uttered a repeated 197: 4029:

Results of Observations for Several Breeding Territories of the Long-Legged Buzzard in Kalmykia (Russia) in 2019

4446: 4407: 4291:

Les oiseaux du nord-ouest de l'Afrique: distribution géographique, écologie, migrations, reproduction (Vol. 10)

1740: 1654:) at 30.4%. Overall in Cyprus, 49.1% of the diet was mammalian, reptiles more than 40%. Young rats, agamas and 1472:, the diet almost entirely based upon common vole but only reportedly when the voles were at the peak of their 1453: 1425: 2414:

Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.

1460:) most frequent mammal at 19.1%. Elsewhere in Hungary, European ground squirrels were dominant in the diet in 85: 5190: 3931:

Bakaloudis, D. E., Iezekiel, S., Vlachos, C. G., Bontzorlos, V. A., Papakosta, M., & Birrer, S. (2012).

1791:), these three comprising 30.3% of the diet collectively and 36.5% of the prey biomass. Several snakes like 1614:(5.74%). In both study areas of Georgia, mammals comprised just over 59% of the total remains, unidentified 440:

In flight, the long-legged buzzards appears as a mid-sized rather broad-bodied raptor. Possessing an almost

2214:

rather than use trees. Nesting locations were exceptional then in Ukraine where most (85.7%) were built in

5428: 5058: 4975: 3543:

Kruckenhauser, L., Haring, E., Pinsker, W. Reising, M.J., Winkler, H., Wink, M & Gamauf, A. (2003).

2868:

Dementiev, G. P., Gladkov, N. A., Ptushenko, E. S., Spangenberg, E. P., & Sudilovskaya, A. M. (1966).

2232:

apple trees. Additionally, the few known nests from Pakistan have appeared to be located in trees such as

2168: 2045: 2013: 2001: 1965: 1804: 1768: 1095: 571: 471: 445: 434: 5315: 5302: 4896: 3059:

First breeding record of North African Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus cirtensis in continental Europe

1807:, two long-legged buzzard nests were found to primarily contain the remains of contained the remains of 1792: 1551: 1477: 1262:

While the North African race is largely sedentary some short-range dispersal, wandering occasionally to

1131: 1107: 370: 180: 3922:. Materials Towards a Fauna of Georgia, Issue VI. Ilia State University, Institute of Zoology, Tbilisi. 2393: 4276:

Iezekiel, S., Yosef, R., Bakaloudis, D. E., Vlachos, C., Papakosta, M., & Tryjanowski, P. (2016).

3853:

Vultures and other carrion eating birds in the Artificial Feeding Site, on mt Pinovo, Aridea, N Greece

1142:

have been found to be more closely related to the long-legged buzzard if not necessarily conspecific.

385: 5040: 5022: 4572: 3558:

Evolution of a pseudo-control region in the mitochondrial genome of Palearctic buzzards (genus Buteo)

2177: 2029: 1233: 1111: 823: 598: 543: 517: 449: 4402: 3675: 4901: 4778: 4672: 4612: 4582: 4439: 3993:

On the diet of the Long-legged Buzzard, Buteo rufinus, in the Turan Biosphere Reserve, Semnan, Iran

3532:

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Buteo (Aves: Accipitridae) based on mitochondrial marker sequences

1889: 1698: 1655: 1607: 1507: 1499: 1469: 1014: 895: 687: 320: 312: 50: 3894:

Breeding biology of the Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus in SE Bulgaria, nesting also in quarries

2741: 1232:

breeding in Arabia and perhaps southern Israel may be larger than the African birds of the races.

5013: 4911: 4906: 4828: 4823: 4662: 4652: 4637: 4552: 4278:

Breeding ecology of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in an increasing population on Cyprus

4064:

Numerical response of the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo to the changes in abundance of small mammals

3466: 2298: 2254: 2057: 2037: 1989: 1893: 1760: 1683: 1177:, the nominate race comprises all Eurasian breeding long-legged buzzards, being distributed from 1139: 882:. During times of passage, long-legged buzzards have been seen more broadly in areas such as the 867: 505: 270: 80: 5307: 4592: 3907:

Feeding habits of the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) during breeding in northeastern Greece

3428:

Habitat use of Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Iran

2226:

region of Russia also suggests that tree nesting is common for the species there, especially in

2021: 5320: 5216: 4049:

Yi-Qun, W., Ming, M., Feng, X., Ragyov, D., Shergalin, J., Nai-Fa, L., & Dixon, A. (2008).

3545:

Genetic versus morphological differentiation of Old World buzzards (genus Buteo; Accipitridae)

1924: 1388:, 450 mammalian prey remains found, with 565 total prey items (5.3% birds, 8.3% reptiles, 0.2% 5289: 5242: 5081: 4803: 4798: 4745: 4720: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4587: 4547: 4517: 3445: 2771: 2097: 1953: 1667: 1564: 1212: 1043: 1030: 983: 772: 529: 426: 41: 4077:

Reproduction and behaviour of the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in north-eastern Greece

978:

are favoured as nesting areas as well as access to freshwater. The species normally lives in

5294: 4848: 4808: 4755: 4750: 4740: 4715: 4647: 4627: 4577: 4462: 4319:. In 6th World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls (Budapest, 18–23 May (Vol. 2003, p. 37). 3513: 3092: 3084: 2388: 2133: 2000:. Evidence in the Judean Foothills shows that the long-legged buzzard is competing with the 1905: 1873: 1749: 1694: 1675: 1556: 1514:) at 4.76%. In Bulgaria, 68.8% of the diet was mammalian, 13.23% reptilian, 9% avian, 7.41% 1473: 1441: 1417: 1409: 1123: 1065: 891: 493: 5341: 5063: 4143:

Demerdzhiev, D., Dobrev, D., Stoychev, S., Terziev, N., Spasov, S., & Boev, Z. (2014).

1345:

as prey, from fairly small to quite large sizes as well. More secondary prey types include

448:. The upward bent tips can enhance their eagle-like appearance. Long-legged buzzards often 5276: 4562: 4557: 4542: 4376: 4371: 2183: 2117: 2081: 1949: 1888:) (6%). Overall mammals made 60% of the diet, reptiles 22% and birds 18%. The diet in the 1881: 1808: 1595: 1589: 1543: 1135: 1099: 1048: 919: 509: 342: 137: 2370: 1452:

were found surprisingly among 94 prey items that 69.1% of the diet was beetles, with the

4395: 642:

note, shorter fuller and apparently lower than the comparable call of a common buzzard.

5433: 5159: 5146: 4936: 4922: 4876: 4813: 4667: 4657: 4642: 4617: 4537: 4223:

Long-legged buzzard Buteo rufinus rufinus breeding distribution and abundance in Cyprus

2289: 2089: 2073: 1957: 1937: 1913: 1776: 1627: 1127: 1103: 987: 780: 748: 659: 588: 580: 521: 501: 485: 454: 418: 230: 5027: 1381:, however carrion seems to be only regularly ingested during the non-breeding season. 1266:, while one moved to Senegal in October, rarely southward movements occur, such as to 5417: 5237: 4695: 4677: 4632: 4512: 3750:. Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, in conjunction with Taewon Publishing Company. 3347:

Thompson, P.M., Chowdhury, S.U., Ul Haque, E., Khan, M.M.H. & Halder, R. (2014).

2379: 2315:

has led to a projected fairly ample but poorly documented population in this region.

2124:) as well as, although these are more likely taken either while young or as carrion, 1857: 1833: 1702: 1663: 1647: 1568: 1433: 1279: 1061: 1003: 887: 614: 513: 70: 65: 2985:

Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi

2727:

Mendelsohn, J. M., Kemp, A. C., Biggs, H. C., Biggs, R., & Brown, C. J. (1989).

1693:

Accompanying food studies of the long-legged buzzards were conducted in the Israeli

5386: 4858: 4789: 4760: 3338:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington, D.C. and Barcelona, Spain. 2945:. Société d'études ornithologiques de France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. 2312: 2308: 2269: 2246: 2203: 2109: 2017: 1997: 1981: 1973: 1956:

habitats and prey extensively with a number of other raptors, from smaller, weaker

1849: 1784: 1718: 1354: 1267: 963: 839: 835: 831: 466: 430: 308: 300: 147: 5086: 5073: 4421: 1697:. Among 1239 total prey items from 32 nests here, the primary prey appeared to be 1072:

is increasing potential interspecific conflict for other raptors in the vicinity.

5138: 4090:

Land use changes and raptor conservation in steppe habitats of Eastern Kazakhstan

2768:

Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

2108:

are also known to be occasional prey for long-legged buzzards as well, including

1587:) (at 7.17%), followed by assorted unidentified rodents (nearly 15% of diet) and 5333: 5255: 5198: 5007: 4931: 4818: 4731: 4498: 3991:

Khaleghizadeh, A., Sehhati-Sabet, M. E., Javidkar, M., & Adjami, A. (2005).

3789:

Breeding of the Long-legged Buzzard in Olexandriya district of Kirovograd region

1841: 1837: 1611: 1603: 1580: 1572: 1537: 1397: 1178: 1174: 1018: 927: 863: 843: 795: 736: 655: 551: 338: 316: 5359: 5099: 4156:

Karyakin, I.V.,Nikolenko, E. G., Zinevich, L. S. & Pulikova, G. I. (2017).

3735:

The desert at Zait Bay, Egypt: a bird migration bottleneck of global importance

898:

including southern Afghanistan, much of Pakistan and northern India through to

5354: 4853: 4839: 4466: 4425: 4210:

Obserwacja tokującego kurhannika Buteo rufinus na Nizinie Południowopodlaskiej

3951:

The breeding biology of the Judean long legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Israel

2195: 2065: 1832:, at 18% of the diet by number and 4.7% by biomass, while very young juvenile 1532: 1358: 1204: 1190: 1163: 1081: 1057: 907: 859: 855: 851: 847: 776: 756: 663: 4998: 3851:

Sidiropoulos, L., Konstantinou, P., Azmanis, P., & Tsiakiris, R. (2006).

3415:

A field guide to birds of the USSR: including Eastern Europe and Central Asia

1369:

is not uncommon in long-legged buzzards, having been reported extensively on

597:

that can be potentially confused with the long-legged buzzard is the migrant

17: 4706: 4622: 4317:

Updating the Present Status of Long-Legged Buzzards Buteo rufinus in Ukraine

4306:. BirdLife Conservation Series no. 10. BirdLife International,Cambridge, UK. 3442:

The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition Volume 1 Non -Passerines

3307:

Southern Yemen and Socotra: The Report of the OSME Survey in the Spring 1993

2658:

Flight identification of raptors of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

2303: 2105: 1865: 1755: 1736: 1731: 1706: 1639: 1515: 1491: 1490:

species made up 22.2% of the diet, European ground squirrels were at 18.6%,

1389: 1362: 1318: 1220: 1119: 1069: 1034: 991: 911: 723: 394: 390: 97: 3866:

The long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Slovakia in the past and present

2261:). Nests are frequently reused in subsequent years and added to over time. 1254: 5125: 4197:

Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar, 1829), A Nesting Species in South-West Romania

5380: 4992: 4887: 4011:

Barashkova, A., Smelansky, I., Tomilenko, A., & Akentiev, A. (2009).

3818:

Mammals in the diet of the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Ukraine

3637:

Studies of Socotran birds VI. The taxonomic status of the Socotra Buzzard

3467:"Raptor Usurpers in Neighboring Habitats Reshape the Conventional Wisdom" 2729:

Wing areas, wing loadings and wing spans of 66 species of African raptors

2622:

A field guide to the raptors of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa

2294: 2211: 2187:

An apparent adult male tends to the chicks in a long-legged buzzard nest.

2049: 1824: 1747:, occasionally supplemented by birds, tortoises and smaller mammals like 1486: 1481: 1465: 1322: 1182: 1115: 1085: 999: 943: 931: 875: 788: 752: 711: 117: 5050: 4431: 3933:

Assessing bias in diet methods for the Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus

3530:

Riesing, M. J., Kruckenhauser, L., Gamauf, A., & Haring, E. (2003).

1278:

from September to early November in 1981. In the south Red Sea coast at

922:. Less consistent wintering populations may live from central Sudan and 5400: 5281: 5177: 5035: 4958: 4487: 3097: 2242: 2199: 2125: 1945: 1619: 1520: 1461: 1405: 1385: 1378: 1366: 1342: 1026: 1022: 975: 923: 871: 803: 784: 768: 732: 728: 703: 699: 695: 691: 675: 671: 667: 651: 366: 354: 304: 3517: 3088: 3270:. The official list of the birds of the Sultanate of Oman. Edition 6. 2207: 1941: 1726: 1714: 1635: 1623: 1622:

that their diet was very reptile based, mostly small to medium-sized

1615: 1528: 1393: 1350: 1334: 1314: 1288: 1263: 1216: 1194: 979: 962:

The long-legged buzzard inhabits open, uncultivated areas, with high

935: 903: 883: 807: 764: 760: 744: 740: 715: 707: 683: 362: 334: 330: 107: 5203: 5112: 4969: 3706:

Identification of Atlas Long-legged Buzzard and its status in Europe

3150:

Kirwan, G. M., Martins, R. P., Eken, G., & Davidson, P. (1999).

2797:

Shirihai, H., Dovrat, E., Christie, D. A., & Harris, A. (1996).

1743:, 34 remains seemed to be predominantly represented by unidentified 4238:. Zoological Journal, Russian Academy of Sciences, 97 (5): 582-590. 1880:) (6%) (likely but not certainly taken to the nest as carrion) and 1729:, long-legged buzzards were reported to feed mostly on the largish 1197:. All prior descriptions primarily refer to the nominate subspecies 5328: 5107: 4953: 4528: 4479: 4121:

Voous, K. H., (1989). Owls of the Northern Hemisphere. MIT Press.

3624:

The status of Buteo rufinus in the southern Great Plain of Hungary

2602:

Orta, J., P. F. D. Boesman, G. M. Kirwan, and J. S. Marks (2020).

2279: 2234: 2228: 2223: 2192: 2182: 2147: 1961: 1923: 1550: 1299: 1271: 1253: 1208: 1186: 1149: 1110:. The upland buzzard abuts the range of long-legged buzzards from 1090: 1010: 995: 971: 953: 939: 915: 899: 879: 827: 799: 719: 679: 610: 593: 570: 538: 534: 480: 465: 441: 422: 408: 384: 325: 157: 3949:

Friedemann, G., Yom-Tov, Y., Motro, U. & Leshem, Y. (2009).

3426:

Hosseini-Zavarei, F., Farhadinia, M.S. & Absalan, H. (2008).

3349:

Notable bird records from Bangladesh from July 2002 to July 2013

2219: 2156: 1929: 1901: 1829: 1744: 1346: 1284: 1275: 1007: 967: 819: 815: 811: 794:

It is also widely and regularly distributed through much of the

635: 560: 555: 547: 413: 374: 358: 346: 127: 4973: 4435: 3398: 3240:

Ararat, K., Fadhil, O., Porter, R. F., & Salim, M. (2011).

2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 1154:

A long-legged buzzard of the smaller North African subspecies,

3556:

Haring, E., Riesing, M.J., Pinsker, W. and Gamauf, A. (1999).

2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2238: 2215: 1567:

was found to live off of very small mammals. For instance, in

1370: 1341:

species, long-legged buzzards tends to take a great number of

1053: 350: 4302:

BirdLife International/European Bird Census Council. (2000).

4075:

Alivizatos, H., Goutner, V., & Karandinos, M. G. (1998).

3722:

An unusual Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus at Eilat, Israel

3639:. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 130, 116-131. 1571:, of 223 prey items, the main prey identified to species was 4491:(extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct) 1783:) (both estimated at 300 g (11 oz) when taken and 1333:

opportunistic diet overall, but with a preference for small

3909:. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 43(3), 257-266. 3393:

Global Raptor Information Network. 2021. Species account:

1241:

in Israel weighed 865 g (1.907 lb). Furthermore

1173:: With the exceptional of Arabia and perhaps the southern 690:. Nesting long-legged buzzards have been known in eastern 4199:. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(4), 40-45. 4195:

Birău, A. C., Stănescu, D., & Nicolin, A. L. (2018).

3465:

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (3 August 2011).

1219:

and the subspecies additionally penetrated Europe in the

453:

greater coverts pale tipped. Adults are dark grey on the

4112:. Feathered predators and their protection. 40: 82-102. 3622:

Kotymán, L., Bod, P., Csaba, M. & Antal, S. (2008).

3534:. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 27 (2): 328–42. 3962:

Abu Baker, M.A., Al Hasani, I. & Amr, Z.S. (2018).

3761:

Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea: an atlas of distribution

3704:

Rodríguez, G., Elorriaga, J. & Ramírez, J. (2013).

2872:. Israel Progr. for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 1904:

in highland areas. Lizards are significant, especially

412:. The long-legged buzzard possesses a relatively large 3266:

Eriksen, J., Sargeant, D. E. & Victor, R. (2003).

1215:, with some evidence that they can reach far southern 575:

A typical pale long-legged buzzard as seen from below.

3964:

Diet of the Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, Jordan

3211:

Ramadan-Jaradi, G., & Ramadan-Jaradi, M. (1999).

3001:

Check list of bird species and subspecies in Bulgaria

2914:

The birds of Morocco: an annotated checklist (No. 20)

4184:

Intraguild predation in raptor assemblages: a review

3305:

Martins, R. P., & Porter, R. F. (Eds.). (1996).

2929:. Société d’études ornithologiques de France, Paris. 2912:

Thévenot, M., Vernon, R., & Bergier, P. (2003).

1287:

in Sudan and the species seldom ranges south of the

958:

A long-legged buzzard perching in a cedar in Turkey.

910:. Seldom vagrants have been recorded to as south as 528:. The long-legged buzzard displays the typical size 5370: 4982: 4920: 4885: 4867: 4837: 4787: 4769: 4729: 4704: 4686: 4526: 4496: 4477: 3720:Yosef, R., Clark, W. S., & Hoffman, S. (2002). 2956:

The Birds of Libya: An annotated check-list (No. 1)

1237:79 mm (2.8 to 3.1 in) in both sexes. One 818:. More uncommonly the breeding ranges extends into 609:, including multiple species of small to mid-sized 323:. The long-legged buzzard is a member of the genus 3737:. Bird Conservation International, 19(4), 338-352. 2394:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22736562A155442127.en 1674:) (at 5% of the diet by number) and birds such as 1559:are often the primary prey of long-legged buzzard. 1432:) with the larger mammalian prey being very young 4264:. Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 1-415. 3585:. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York. 3242:Breeding birds in Iraq: important new discoveries 3207: 3205: 2554:Ferguson-Lees, J., & Christie, D. A. (2001). 4169:Uhrin, M., Danko, Š., & Latková, H. (2009). 4158:Steppe Eagle in the Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan 3336:Birds of South Asia: the Ripley Guide. Vols. 1-2 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 1258:A long-legged buzzard perched on a utility pole. 810:, as well as the northern central parts of both 755:. Out of Europe in the eastern Mediterranean or 4304:European bird populations: estimates and trends 3334:Rasmussen, P.C., & Anderton, J. C. (2005). 2688:Ayé, R., Schweizer, M., & Roth, T. (2012). 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 1960:of about three species to larger more powerful 4013:Some Records of Raptors in the East Kazakhstan 3945: 3943: 3941: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 2162:The long-legged buzzard is, as is typical for 1384:In one of the westernmost dietary studies, in 998:. More irregularly, the species will adapt to 4447: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4053:. Journal of Raptor Research, 42(4), 273-280. 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3995:. Zoology in the Middle East, 35(1), 104-105. 3905:Alivizatos, H., & Goutner, H. V. (1997). 3842:. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(4), 702-707. 3665:. Bulletin zoologisch Museum, 15(13), 89-100. 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3444:. Oxford University Press. pp. 359–360. 2969:Birds of West Africa: An Identification Guide 8: 4272: 4270: 4234:Bykov, A. V. & Bukhareva, O. A. (2018). 3982:. Environment and Protected Areas Authority. 3560:. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.. 37(4): 185–194. 3309:. Ornithological Society of the Middle East. 3213:An updated checklist of the birds of Lebanon 3111:van den Berg, A. B., & Haas, M. (2008). 3027: 3025: 2979: 2977: 2674:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Mass, 2nd edition 1916:, as well as snakes and various other prey. 870:but isolated breeding was documented in the 4289:de Balsac, H. H., & Mayaud, N. (1962). 4280:. Journal of Arid Environments, 135, 12-16. 4251:. Oxford University Press. Karachi, 1, 598. 3974: 3972: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3635:Porter, R. F., & Kirwan, G. M. (2010). 3163:Patrikeev, M., & Harper, G. H. (2004). 2995: 2993: 2971:. Helm Identification Guide Series, London. 2937: 2935: 2916:. Tring, UK: British Ornithologists' Union. 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 1080:The long-legged buzzard is a member of the 4970: 4474: 4454: 4440: 4432: 4394: 4023: 4021: 3978:Jennings, M. C. and Sadler, T. A. (2006). 3935:. Journal of Arid Environments, 77, 59-65. 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3820:. Proceedings of the Theriological School. 3812: 3810: 3618: 3616: 3607:Dudás, M., Tar, J. & Tóth, I. (1999). 3317: 3315: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3137:Whaley, D. J., & Dawes, J. C. (2003). 3031:Handrinos, G., & Akriotis, T. (1997). 3017:Romania: a birdwatching and wildlife guide 3011: 3009: 2983:Stevenson, T., & Fanshawe, J. (2002). 2855:Naoroji, R., & Schmitt, N. J. (2007). 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2191:Often this species nests are located on a 478:This is one of the largest species of the 229: 59: 40: 31: 4092:. Biological Conservation, 111(1), 71-77. 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 3569:Pfänder, P. & Schmigalew, S. (2001). 3255:An updated checklist of the birds of Iran 3236: 3234: 3096: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2638:Flight identification of European raptors 2392: 2218:trees, with one additionally placed in a 1739:, birds, and carrion. In northern Iran's 4249:The Birds of Pakistan. Non-Passeriformes 3759:Ash, C. P., & Atkins, J. D. (2009). 3716: 3714: 3594:Elorriaga, J. & Muñoz, A.R. (2013). 3572:. Orn. Mitt.. 53: 344–349. (In German.). 3409: 3407: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3321:Wassink, A., & Oreel, G. J. (2007). 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2857:Birds of prey of the Indian subcontinent 2632: 2630: 2268:Upon hatching, the young are expectedly 1527:). Long-legged buzzards in northeastern 1440:) at 500 g (1.1 lb) and adult 834:. The range continues almost throughout 630:. It is also sometimes transcribed as a 4422:Audio recordings of Long-legged buzzard 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3294:The birds of Saudi Arabia: a check-list 3253:Scott, D. A., & Adhami, A. (2006). 3195:Adamian, M. S., & Klem, D. (1999). 3057:Elorriaga, J. and Muñoz, A.-R. (2010). 2616: 2614: 2612: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2324: 1122:. Evidence has been found of extensive 4315:Vetrov, V., & Milobog, Y. (2003). 4182:Sergio, F., & Hiraldo, F. (2008). 4132:Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world 3746:Gore, M. E., & Wŏn, P. O. (1971). 3610:. Temészet 5–6: 8–10. (In Hungarian.). 3583:Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World 3044:de Juana, E. & Garcia, E. (2015). 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 1563:The long-legged buzzard population in 1126:between the two species. Although the 4330:The status of Birds of Prey in Greece 3281:The birds of the United Arab Emirates 2925:Isenmann, P. & Moali, A. (2000). 2684: 2682: 2668: 2666: 1932:flies into mob a long-legged buzzard. 1840:, at 9% by number as well, and adult 1029:outskirts and sometimes even heavily 866:. The breeding range discontinues in 7: 5165:ed283d73-3656-4feb-8b61-81038f7f3014 4130:Brown, L., & Amadon, D. (1968). 3748:The Birds of Korea (Vol. 101, No. 1) 2967:Borrow, N., & Demey, R. (2001). 2701:Borrow, N., & Demey, R. (2013). 2288:Some declines have been reported in 1705:at 14.6%, with an old study finding 1548:. (7.83%) and common voles (7.46%). 1304:A long-legged buzzard taking flight. 850:, all but the northern stretches of 722:with the first nesting occurring in 674:(spottily elsewhere in the nation), 626:buzzard's commonest call is a short 5424:IUCN Red List least concern species 3113:WP reports: late March–mid-May 2008 2604:Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) 2380:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1856:) led the diet at 48%, followed by 1799:) were also taken frequently here. 1541:species (10.8%), snake sp. (8.2%), 1006:are available. As a whole slightly 3953:. MSc thesis, Tel-Aviv University. 3440:Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. (1998). 3152:A checklist of the birds of Turkey 3046:The Birds of the Iberian Peninsula 1555:Terrestrial small mammals such as 406:This is a large and fairly sturdy 25: 5191:long-legged-buzzard-buteo-rufinus 4416:Long-legged buzzard photo gallery 4173:. Raptor Journal, 3(2009), 73-88. 4147:. Raptor Journal, 8(2014), 17-25. 3395:Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus 3226:Die Vögel Syriens: eine Übersicht 3199:. American University of Armenia. 3061:. British Birds. 103(7): 396–404. 2870:Birds of the Soviet Union, vol. 1 2703:Field guide to the birds of Ghana 1337:prey. Somewhat more so than many 838:, residing in essentially all of 650:The long-legged buzzard inhabits 303:found widely in several parts of 4372:Bird Guides: Long-legged buzzard 4066:. Ornis Hungarica, 22(1), 48-56. 3868:. Raptor Journal, 6(2012), 1-16. 3708:. Birding World. 26(4): 147–173. 3547:. Zoologica Scripta, 33:197-211. 3197:Handbook of the Birds of Armenia 2958:. British Ornithologists' Union. 1634:) were reported. On the isle of 874:region, perhaps straddling both 84: 4377:BirdLife species factsheet for 3800:Dharmakuarsinhji, K.S. (1955). 3650:The Buteo population of Socotra 2624:. Oxford University Press, USA. 2369:BirdLife International (2019). 1357:and very rarely other types of 4262:Animal's World of Armenian SSR 3228:. Kasparek Verlag, Heidelberg. 2284:A perched long-legged buzzard. 2202:niches, with a further 11% on 1900:) in arid areas and voles and 1189:; winters in several areas of 1: 4031:. Raptors Conservation, (39). 4015:. Raptors Conservation, (17). 3966:. Sandgrouse. 40(1): 133–137. 3417:. Princeton University Press. 3115:. Dutch Birding, 30, 187–300. 1602:) (4.93%). In the uplands of 842:(including broadly along the 798:, residing almost throughout 484:genus. Only two species, the 4418:at VIREO (Drexel University) 3399:http://www.globalraptors.org 2766:Stevenson; Fanshawe (2001). 1817:red-cheeked ground squirrels 1084:subfamily, of origin in the 714:and somewhat so in northern 319:to the northern part of the 4508:Black-chested buzzard-eagle 4403:"Long-legged buzzard media" 4160:. Raptors Conservation, 35. 3724:. Sandgrouse, 24(1), 60-62. 3244:. Sandgrouse, 33(1), 12-33. 3139:Cyprus breeding birds atlas 3126:Birds of the Czech Republic 1920:Interspecific relationships 1646:) at 46.3% of the diet and 984:semi-desert and desert edge 942:, seldom into far northern 779:. The range continues into 702:, southern and far eastern 311:. This species ranges from 5475: 4356:Birds of the Riyadh region 3215:. Sandgrouse, 21, 132-170. 1980:), as well as quite often 1906:Indian spiny-tailed lizard 1626:but even the remains of a 686:, they mainly nest in the 4949: 4473: 3430:. Podoces. 3(1–2): 67–72. 3048:. Bloomsbury, London, UK. 2859:. Om Books International. 2801:. London: Academic Press. 2387:: e.T22736562A155442127. 1821:Spermiphilus erythrogenys 1803:dietary biology). In the 1426:speckled ground squirrels 862:and northern and central 276: 269: 237: 228: 210: 205: 186: 179: 81:Scientific classification 79: 57: 48: 39: 34: 4408:Internet Bird Collection 4343:Arabian buzzard taxonomy 3920:Birds of prey of Georgia 3838:Shafaeipour, A. (2015). 3787:Shevtsov, A. O. (2001). 3661:Hazevoet, C. J. (1997). 3626:. Aquila. 114-115:57-70. 3292:Jennings, M. C. (1981). 3257:. Podoces, 1(1/2), 1-16. 2731:. Ostrich, 60(1), 35-42. 2705:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2692:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2660:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 1741:Khar Turan National Park 1484:, among 189 prey items, 1454:European ground squirrel 1076:Taxonomy and systematics 934:, into far northeastern 646:Distribution and habitat 5459:Birds of prey of Africa 5454:Birds described in 1829 4247:Roberts, T. J. (1991). 4208:Dombrowski, A. (2014). 4027:Abushin, A. A. (2019). 3581:McCarthy, E.M. (2006). 3323:The Birds of Kazakhstan 3279:Richardson, C. (1990). 3154:. Sandgrouse, 20, 1-32. 3073:Buteo rufinus cirtensis 2718:. Stephen Greene Press. 2676:. CRC Press, Cleveland. 2672:Dunning, J. B. (2007). 2153:Buteo rufinus cirtensis 2014:eastern imperial eagles 1966:eastern imperial eagles 1789:Paralaudakia microlepis 1769:brilliant ground agamas 1735:lizards, but also took 1610:(7.78%) and identified 1476:. Further study on the 1396:). Main prey here were 1203:: Northern Africa from 1201:Buteo rufinus cirtensis 222:- (Levaillant, J, 1850) 4225:. Avocetta, 33, 75-78. 3896:. Avocetta, 33, 25-32. 3733:Hilgerloh, G. (2009). 3598:Ostrich. 84(1): 41–45. 3351:. Forktail. 30: 50–65. 2742:"Long-legged Buzzard, 2636:Porter, R. F. (1981). 2285: 2188: 2159: 2046:short-toed snake eagle 2002:short-toed snake eagle 1933: 1805:East Kazakhstan Region 1560: 1478:Great Hungarian Plains 1305: 1259: 1159: 1132:Great Hungarian Plains 959: 694:, central and eastern 576: 475: 398: 389:A wintering bird near 5449:Birds of North Africa 5439:Birds of Central Asia 5316:Paleobiology Database 5303:Paleobiology Database 4897:Rufous-winged buzzard 4341:Jennings, M. (2007). 4328:Vagliano, C. (1977). 4221:Kassinis, N. (2009). 4186:. Ibis, 150, 132-145. 3918:Abuladze, A. (2013). 3676:"Long-legged Buzzard 3648:Aspinall, S. (2001). 3413:Flint, V. E. (1984). 3283:. Hobby Publications. 3224:Baumgart, W. (1995). 3019:. Burton Expeditions. 3003:. Avocetta, 16, 1-17. 2999:Nankinov, D. (1992). 2987:. T. & AD Poyser. 2941:Isenmann, P. (2005). 2690:Birds of Central Asia 2620:Clark, W. S. (1999). 2283: 2186: 2151: 2030:Eurasian sparrowhawks 1927: 1813:Meriones tamariscinus 1797:Hemorrhois ravergieri 1600:Paralaudakia caucasia 1554: 1458:Spermophilus citellus 1430:Spermophilus suslicus 1414:Spalax microphthalmus 1375:Canis lupus familaris 1323:jungle or grass fires 1303: 1257: 1171:Buteo rufinus rufinus 1153: 1002:as long as plentiful 957: 574: 469: 388: 216:- (Cretzschmar, 1829) 5160:Fauna Europaea (new) 4573:Rough-legged buzzard 4354:Stagg A. J. (1991). 4345:. Phoenix 23: 10–11. 3892:Milchev, B. (2009). 3816:Redinov, K. (2012). 3680:(Cretzschmar, 1829)" 3075:in Western Europe". 3015:Roberts, J. (2000). 2770:. Elsevier Science. 2656:Forsman, D. (2016). 2556:Raptors of the World 2222:tree. Data from the 2178:United Arab Emirates 2106:Mammalian carnivores 1886:Bucanetes mongolicus 1878:Gazella subgutturosa 1098:and to be part of a 824:United Arab Emirates 710:and more broadly in 599:rough-legged buzzard 556:culmen from the cere 35:Long-legged buzzard 4902:Grasshopper buzzard 4779:Black-collared hawk 4613:White-throated hawk 4583:Red-shouldered hawk 4568:Long-legged buzzard 4260:Dal, S. K. (1954). 3802:Birds of Saurashtra 3791:. Berkut 10: 63–66. 3165:Birds of Azerbaijan 3035:. Christopher Helm. 3033:The Birds of Greece 2799:The Birds of Israel 2716:The Birds of Israel 1890:Indian subcontinent 1761:Caucasian squirrels 1717:was reportedly the 1672:Dolichophis caspius 1660:Eumeces schneiderii 1608:European water vole 1508:Balkan green lizard 1504:Arvicola terrestris 1500:European water vole 1470:Eastern Slovak Flat 896:Indian subcontinent 781:southwestern Russia 688:southeastern region 662:, extreme northern 613:and two species of 321:Indian subcontinent 313:Southeastern Europe 291:long-legged buzzard 51:Conservation status 5444:Birds of West Asia 4912:Grey-faced buzzard 4907:White-eyed buzzard 4829:Semiplumbeous hawk 4824:Slate-colored hawk 4663:Red-necked buzzard 4653:Madagascar buzzard 4638:Rufous-tailed hawk 4553:Cape Verde buzzard 3864:Danko, Š. (2012). 3397:. Downloaded from 3141:. Bird Census, 63. 2954:Bundy, G. (1976). 2748:. European Raptors 2299:Western Palearctic 2286: 2255:brown-necked raven 2189: 2160: 2058:European scops owl 2042:Accipiter brevipes 2038:levant sparrowhawk 2006:Circateus gallicus 1990:Eurasian eagle-owl 1934: 1898:Meriones hurrianae 1894:Indian desert jird 1823:). A study in the 1793:spotted whipsnakes 1785:small-scaled agama 1777:large-scaled agama 1709:or feral pigeons ( 1699:Schneider's skinks 1684:common wood pigeon 1656:Schneider's skinks 1652:Stellagama stellio 1579:) (at 27.35%) and 1561: 1525:Ondatra zibethicus 1512:Lacerta trilineata 1306: 1260: 1160: 1068:in Israel and the 960: 868:Northwestern China 577: 476: 402:Form and colouring 399: 264: Non-breeding 5411: 5410: 5290:Open Tree of Life 4976:Taxon identifiers 4967: 4966: 4945: 4944: 4804:White-necked hawk 4799:White-browed hawk 4746:Common black hawk 4721:White-rumped hawk 4608:Short-tailed hawk 4603:White-rumped hawk 4588:Broad-winged hawk 4548:Himalayan buzzard 4518:White-tailed hawk 4293:. P. Lechevalier. 4062:Tóth, L. (2014). 3518:10.1111/ibi.12498 3124:Kren, J. (2000). 3089:10.1111/ibi.12451 2927:Oiseaux d’Algérie 2259:Corvus ruficollis 2134:European wildcats 2122:Vormela peregusna 2102:Falco vespertinus 2098:red-footed falcon 2094:Falco tinnunculus 1978:Aquila nipalensis 1846:Corvus frugilegus 1727:Arabian Peninsula 1723:Psammomys obsesus 1688:Columbus palumbus 1577:Microtus socialis 1557:greater mole-rats 1496:Rattus norvegicus 1464:while outside in 1446:Cricetus cricetus 1442:European hamsters 1213:Arabian Peninsula 1040:dry mixed forests 886:, southern Iraq, 884:Arabian Peninsula 670:west to northern 530:sexual dimorphism 287: 286: 74: 16:(Redirected from 5466: 5404: 5403: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5363: 5362: 5350: 5349: 5337: 5336: 5324: 5323: 5311: 5310: 5298: 5297: 5285: 5284: 5272: 5271: 5259: 5258: 5256:NHMSYS0000532955 5246: 5245: 5233: 5232: 5220: 5219: 5207: 5206: 5194: 5193: 5181: 5180: 5168: 5167: 5155: 5154: 5142: 5141: 5129: 5128: 5116: 5115: 5103: 5102: 5090: 5089: 5077: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5054: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5041:CC65921FEBE1BB96 5031: 5030: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4971: 4849:Grey-backed hawk 4809:Black-faced hawk 4756:Great black hawk 4751:Cuban black hawk 4741:Rufous crab hawk 4673:Archer's buzzard 4648:Mountain buzzard 4628:Zone-tailed hawk 4578:Ferruginous hawk 4475: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4433: 4412: 4398: 4393: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4320: 4313: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4281: 4274: 4265: 4258: 4252: 4245: 4239: 4232: 4226: 4219: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4193: 4187: 4180: 4174: 4167: 4161: 4154: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4054: 4047: 4032: 4025: 4016: 4009: 3996: 3989: 3983: 3976: 3967: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3936: 3929: 3923: 3916: 3910: 3903: 3897: 3890: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3849: 3843: 3836: 3821: 3814: 3805: 3798: 3792: 3785: 3764: 3763:. A&C Black. 3757: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3633: 3627: 3620: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3501: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3437: 3431: 3424: 3418: 3411: 3402: 3391: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3319: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3229: 3222: 3216: 3209: 3200: 3193: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3148: 3142: 3135: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3068: 3062: 3055: 3049: 3042: 3036: 3029: 3020: 3013: 3004: 2997: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2965: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2943:Birds of Tunisia 2939: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2910: 2897: 2890: 2873: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2802: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2738: 2732: 2725: 2719: 2714:Paz, U. (1987). 2712: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2677: 2670: 2661: 2654: 2641: 2640:. A&C Black. 2634: 2625: 2618: 2607: 2600: 2559: 2558:. A&C Black. 2552: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2396: 2366: 2138:Felis silvestris 2114:Mustela nivalis 2022:Bonelli's eagles 1950:ground squirrels 1910:Saara hardwickii 1874:goitered gazelle 1854:Rhombomys opimus 1765:Sciurus anomalus 1680:Alectoris chukar 1474:population cycle 1450:Hortobágy Plains 1418:Podolsk mole-rat 1410:greater mole-rat 1402:Microtus arvalis 1114:to northwestern 990:landscapes, dry 892:northeast Africa 510:red-tailed hawks 494:ferruginous hawk 490:Buteo hemilasius 470:Illustration by 343:ground squirrels 263: 257: 251: 245: 233: 192: 89: 88: 68: 63: 62: 44: 32: 21: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5399: 5394: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5366: 5358: 5353: 5345: 5340: 5332: 5327: 5319: 5314: 5306: 5301: 5293: 5288: 5280: 5277:Observation.org 5275: 5267: 5262: 5254: 5249: 5241: 5236: 5228: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5202: 5197: 5189: 5184: 5176: 5171: 5163: 5158: 5150: 5145: 5137: 5132: 5124: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5098: 5093: 5085: 5080: 5072: 5070: 5062: 5057: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5034: 5026: 5021: 5012: 5011: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4978: 4968: 4963: 4941: 4916: 4881: 4863: 4833: 4783: 4765: 4725: 4700: 4682: 4593:Swainson's hawk 4563:Red-tailed hawk 4558:Socotra buzzard 4543:Eastern buzzard 4522: 4492: 4469: 4460: 4401: 4386:"Buteo rufinus" 4384: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4353: 4349: 4340: 4336: 4327: 4323: 4314: 4310: 4301: 4297: 4288: 4284: 4275: 4268: 4259: 4255: 4246: 4242: 4233: 4229: 4220: 4216: 4207: 4203: 4194: 4190: 4181: 4177: 4168: 4164: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4096: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4070: 4061: 4057: 4048: 4035: 4026: 4019: 4010: 3999: 3990: 3986: 3977: 3970: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3926: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3891: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3846: 3837: 3824: 3815: 3808: 3799: 3795: 3786: 3767: 3758: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3712: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3555: 3551: 3542: 3538: 3529: 3525: 3503: 3502: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3425: 3421: 3412: 3405: 3392: 3355: 3346: 3342: 3333: 3329: 3320: 3313: 3304: 3300: 3291: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3232: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3203: 3194: 3171: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3145: 3136: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3110: 3106: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3039: 3030: 3023: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2991: 2982: 2975: 2966: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2940: 2933: 2924: 2920: 2911: 2900: 2891: 2876: 2867: 2863: 2854: 2805: 2796: 2785: 2778: 2765: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2749: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2726: 2722: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2696: 2687: 2680: 2671: 2664: 2655: 2644: 2635: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2562: 2553: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2368: 2367: 2326: 2321: 2278: 2146: 2118:marbled polecat 2082:short-eared owl 2034:Accipiter nisus 2026:Aquila fasciata 1922: 1882:Mongolian finch 1858:Tartar sand boa 1809:Tamarisk gerbil 1773:Trapelus agilis 1668:large whipsnake 1596:Caucasian agama 1438:Lepus europaeus 1377:) carcasses in 1298: 1296:Dietary biology 1252: 1243:B. r. cirtensis 1239:B. r. cirtensis 1230:B. r. cirtensis 1156:B. r. cirtensis 1148: 1078: 1049:Acacia nilotica 952: 920:Andaman Islands 648: 623: 569: 522:jackal buzzards 464: 455:flight feathers 404: 383: 265: 261: 259: 255: 253: 249: 247: 243: 220:B. r. cirtensis 201: 194: 188: 175: 172:B. rufinus 138:Accipitriformes 83: 75: 64: 60: 53: 28: 27:Species of bird 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5416: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5392: 5376: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5351: 5338: 5325: 5312: 5299: 5286: 5273: 5260: 5247: 5234: 5221: 5208: 5195: 5182: 5169: 5156: 5147:Fauna Europaea 5143: 5130: 5117: 5104: 5091: 5078: 5068: 5055: 5045: 5032: 5019: 5004: 4988: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4937:Solitary eagle 4934: 4928: 4926: 4923:Harpyhaliaetus 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4877:Lizard buzzard 4873: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4814:Plumbeous hawk 4811: 4806: 4801: 4795: 4793: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4735: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4712: 4710: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4668:Jackal buzzard 4665: 4660: 4658:Upland buzzard 4655: 4650: 4645: 4643:Forest buzzard 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4618:Galapagos hawk 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4598:Ridgway's hawk 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4538:Common buzzard 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4494: 4493: 4485: 4483: 4471: 4470: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4419: 4413: 4399: 4382: 4374: 4367: 4366:External links 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358:. Riyadh: SWC. 4347: 4334: 4321: 4308: 4295: 4282: 4266: 4253: 4240: 4227: 4214: 4201: 4188: 4175: 4162: 4149: 4136: 4123: 4114: 4094: 4081: 4068: 4055: 4033: 4017: 3997: 3984: 3968: 3955: 3937: 3924: 3911: 3898: 3870: 3857: 3844: 3822: 3806: 3793: 3765: 3752: 3739: 3726: 3710: 3697: 3686:. Denis Lepage 3667: 3654: 3641: 3628: 3612: 3600: 3587: 3574: 3562: 3549: 3536: 3523: 3512:(4): 812–827. 3483: 3457: 3450: 3432: 3419: 3403: 3401:on 5 Jan. 2021 3353: 3340: 3327: 3311: 3298: 3296:. MC Jennings. 3285: 3272: 3268:Oman bird list 3259: 3246: 3230: 3217: 3201: 3169: 3156: 3143: 3130: 3117: 3104: 3083:(2): 331–342. 3063: 3050: 3037: 3021: 3005: 2989: 2973: 2960: 2947: 2931: 2918: 2898: 2874: 2861: 2803: 2783: 2777:978-0856610790 2776: 2758: 2733: 2720: 2707: 2694: 2678: 2662: 2642: 2626: 2608: 2560: 2416: 2407: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2290:western Russia 2277: 2274: 2270:semi-altricial 2145: 2142: 2090:common kestrel 2074:long-eared owl 1970:Aquila heliaca 1954:partially arid 1938:common buzzard 1921: 1918: 1870:Lepus capensis 1781:Laudakia nupta 1711:Columbus livia 1703:starred agamas 1664:European hares 1632:Testudo graeca 1628:Greek tortoise 1594:. (7.17%) and 1569:Kvernaki Ridge 1506:) at 8.5% and 1297: 1294: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1198: 1162:There are two 1147: 1144: 1128:common buzzard 1104:upland buzzard 1077: 1074: 1052:, sand dunes, 1015:mountain areas 994:and sometimes 951: 948: 749:Czech Republic 660:Western Sahara 647: 644: 622: 619: 589:upland buzzard 581:common buzzard 568: 567:Identification 565: 486:upland buzzard 463: 460: 403: 400: 382: 379: 353:, also taking 285: 284: 283: 282: 274: 273: 267: 266: 260: 254: 252: Resident 248: 246: Breeding 242: 235: 234: 226: 225: 224: 223: 217: 208: 207: 203: 202: 195: 184: 183: 177: 176: 169: 167: 163: 162: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 77: 76: 58: 55: 54: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5471: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5429:Birds of prey 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5372:Falco rufinus 5369: 5361: 5360:Buteo-rufinus 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5100:buteo-rufinus 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5028:Buteo_rufinus 5024: 5020: 5015: 5014:Buteo rufinus 5009: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4984:Buteo rufinus 4981: 4977: 4972: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Harris's hawk 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4696:Roadside hawk 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4678:Augur buzzard 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4633:Hawaiian hawk 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4513:Variable hawk 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4379:Buteo rufinus 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3678:Buteo rufinus 3671: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3472: 3471:Science Daily 3468: 3461: 3458: 3453: 3451:0-19-850187-0 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3325:. A. Wassink. 3324: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2759: 2747: 2745: 2744:Buteo rufinus 2737: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2373:Buteo rufinus 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2282: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2247:common ravens 2244: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Vulpes vulpes 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:least weasels 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086:Asio flammeus 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070:Athene noctua 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018:steppe eagles 2015: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986:Falco cherrug 1983: 1982:saker falcons 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1926: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:Eryx miliaris 1859: 1855: 1851: 1850:great gerbils 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1834:European hare 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1701:at 16.3% and 1700: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648:starred agama 1645: 1644:Rattus rattus 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434:European hare 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1355:invertebrates 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1302: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1280:Bab-el-Mandeb 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226:B. r. rufinus 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1157: 1152: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:hybridization 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1062:Reforestation 1059: 1056:, mounds and 1055: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 956: 949: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 888:western China 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 678:and northern 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 645: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 620: 618: 616: 615:honey buzzard 612: 608: 604: 603:Buteo lagopus 600: 596: 595: 590: 586: 582: 573: 566: 564: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 536: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 506:rufous-tailed 503: 499: 498:Buteo regalis 495: 491: 487: 483: 482: 473: 468: 461: 459: 456: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 431:utility poles 428: 424: 420: 415: 411: 410: 401: 396: 392: 387: 380: 378: 376: 372: 371:Least Concern 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 297: 296:Buteo rufinus 292: 281: 278: 277: 275: 272: 268: 258: Passage 241: 236: 232: 227: 221: 218: 215: 214:B. r. rufinus 212: 211: 209: 204: 199: 193: 191: 190:Buteo rufinus 185: 182: 181:Binomial name 178: 174: 173: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 87: 82: 78: 72: 67: 66:Least Concern 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 18:Buteo rufinus 5371: 4983: 4921: 4886: 4868: 4859:Mantled hawk 4838: 4790:Leucopternis 4788: 4770: 4761:Savanna hawk 4730: 4705: 4687: 4567: 4527: 4497: 4486: 4478: 4406: 4389: 4378: 4355: 4350: 4342: 4337: 4329: 4324: 4316: 4311: 4303: 4298: 4290: 4285: 4277: 4261: 4256: 4248: 4243: 4235: 4230: 4222: 4217: 4212:. Kulon, 19. 4209: 4204: 4196: 4191: 4183: 4178: 4170: 4165: 4157: 4152: 4144: 4139: 4131: 4126: 4117: 4109: 4089: 4084: 4076: 4071: 4063: 4058: 4050: 4028: 4012: 3992: 3987: 3979: 3963: 3958: 3950: 3932: 3927: 3919: 3914: 3906: 3901: 3893: 3865: 3860: 3852: 3847: 3839: 3817: 3804:. Dil Bahar. 3801: 3796: 3788: 3760: 3755: 3747: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3721: 3705: 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3683: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3657: 3649: 3644: 3636: 3631: 3623: 3608: 3603: 3595: 3590: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3557: 3552: 3544: 3539: 3531: 3526: 3509: 3505: 3474:. Retrieved 3470: 3460: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3422: 3414: 3394: 3348: 3343: 3335: 3330: 3322: 3306: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3280: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3254: 3249: 3241: 3225: 3220: 3212: 3196: 3164: 3159: 3151: 3146: 3138: 3133: 3125: 3120: 3112: 3107: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3058: 3053: 3045: 3040: 3032: 3016: 3000: 2984: 2968: 2963: 2955: 2950: 2942: 2926: 2921: 2913: 2893: 2869: 2864: 2856: 2798: 2767: 2761: 2750:. Retrieved 2743: 2736: 2728: 2723: 2715: 2710: 2702: 2697: 2689: 2673: 2657: 2637: 2621: 2603: 2555: 2410: 2398:. Retrieved 2384: 2378: 2372: 2313:Central Asia 2309:North Africa 2287: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2251:Corvus corax 2250: 2233: 2227: 2190: 2174: 2163: 2161: 2152: 2137: 2129: 2121: 2113: 2101: 2093: 2085: 2077: 2069: 2061: 2053: 2041: 2033: 2025: 2010: 2005: 1998:nocturnality 1993: 1985: 1977: 1974:steppe eagle 1969: 1935: 1909: 1897: 1885: 1877: 1869: 1861: 1853: 1845: 1838:social voles 1820: 1812: 1801: 1796: 1788: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1754: 1748: 1730: 1722: 1719:fat sand rat 1710: 1695:Judean Hills 1692: 1687: 1679: 1671: 1659: 1651: 1643: 1631: 1612:common voles 1599: 1588: 1585:Mus musculus 1584: 1576: 1562: 1542: 1536: 1524: 1511: 1503: 1498:) at 10.6%, 1495: 1485: 1457: 1445: 1437: 1429: 1422:Spalax zemni 1421: 1413: 1401: 1383: 1374: 1338: 1326: 1310: 1307: 1268:Burkina Faso 1261: 1242: 1238: 1229: 1225: 1200: 1170: 1166:recognised: 1161: 1155: 1100:superspecies 1089: 1088:. The genus 1079: 1066:Judean Hills 1047: 1031:farmed areas 1019:cultivations 988:barren rocky 961: 938:and central 840:Turkmenistan 836:Central Asia 832:Saudi Arabia 793: 783:up to about 649: 639: 631: 627: 624: 606: 602: 592: 584: 578: 525: 518:rough-legged 497: 489: 479: 477: 439: 407: 405: 337:, including 324: 309:North Africa 301:bird of prey 295: 294: 290: 288: 279: 239: 219: 213: 189: 187: 171: 170: 158: 148:Accipitridae 29: 5199:iNaturalist 5008:Wikispecies 4932:Chaco eagle 4819:Barred hawk 4732:Buteogallus 4499:Geranoaetus 3652:. Falco, 8. 3098:10630/29950 2400:12 November 2204:power poles 1604:Ninotsminda 1581:house mouse 1573:social vole 1538:Scolopendra 1398:common vole 1359:vertebrates 1329:, having a 1285:Nile Valley 1179:The Balkans 1175:Middle East 1096:conspecific 1058:power poles 928:South Sudan 926:, northern 914:, northern 864:Afghanistan 844:Caspian Sea 796:Middle East 737:Netherlands 706:, southern 698:, southern 656:west Africa 585:Buteo buteo 561:hallux-claw 381:Description 365:as well as 317:East Africa 280:Buteo ferox 206:Subspecies 198:Cretzschmar 5418:Categories 5387:Q109556960 5355:Xeno-canto 4869:Kaupifalco 4854:White hawk 4840:Pseudastur 4771:Busarellus 4467:Buteoninae 4426:Xeno-canto 3690:2 November 3167:. Pensoft. 2752:2016-11-01 2319:References 2169:gregarious 2078:Asio otus 2066:little owl 2062:Otus scops 1707:rock doves 1640:black rats 1533:Orthoptera 1516:arthropods 1390:amphibians 1363:Scavenging 1331:generalist 1234:Wing chord 1205:Mauritania 1191:South Asia 1164:subspecies 1146:Subspecies 1140:Cape Verde 1112:Tarbagatay 1108:allopatric 1082:Buteoninae 1042:with open 1035:Grasslands 996:sea coasts 930:, much of 908:Bangladesh 860:Kyrgyzstan 856:Tajikistan 852:Kazakhstan 848:Uzbekistan 777:Azerbaijan 757:Asia Minor 666:, much of 664:Mauritania 544:wing chord 492:) and the 240:B. rufinus 4707:Parabuteo 4623:Gray hawk 4463:Subfamily 2304:pesticide 2126:red foxes 2054:Tyto alba 1994:Bubo bubo 1942:mole-rats 1866:cape hare 1864:) (18%), 1756:Gerbillus 1732:Uromastyx 1492:brown rat 1392:and 6.5% 1250:Migration 1221:Gibraltar 1120:Dzungaria 1118:south to 1070:West Bank 1054:haystacks 992:shrubland 912:Sri Lanka 724:Gibraltar 502:Galapagos 472:Keulemans 395:Rajasthan 391:Jaisalmer 238:Range of 166:Species: 104:Kingdom: 98:Eukaryota 5381:Wikidata 5329:Species+ 5243:22736562 5217:10722538 5064:22736562 5059:BirdLife 5048:BioLib: 4993:Wikidata 4888:Butastur 4688:Rupornis 3476:6 August 2295:Bulgaria 2243:junipers 2212:quarries 2144:Breeding 2050:barn owl 1964:such as 1958:harriers 1946:hamsters 1872:) (6%), 1825:Kalmykia 1750:Meriones 1535:(10.8%) 1521:muskrats 1487:Microtus 1482:Bulgaria 1466:Slovakia 1408:and the 1353:, other 1343:reptiles 1211:and the 1207:east to 1183:Mongolia 1181:east to 1116:Mongolia 1086:Americas 1023:pastures 1004:openings 1000:woodland 976:hillocks 944:Tanzania 932:Ethiopia 918:and the 876:Pakistan 846:coast), 789:Orenburg 753:Slovakia 712:Bulgaria 512:and the 446:dihedral 355:reptiles 333:such as 315:down to 271:Synonyms 144:Family: 118:Chordata 114:Phylum: 108:Animalia 94:Domain: 71:IUCN 3.1 5401:4408393 5178:2480564 5113:lolbuz1 5074:lolbuz1 5036:Avibase 4999:Q233684 4959:Buzzard 4488:Species 4390:Avibase 3684:Avibase 3128:. Helm. 2200:granite 1624:lizards 1620:Armenia 1616:insects 1590:Lacerta 1565:Georgia 1544:Lacerta 1462:Dobruja 1406:biomass 1394:beetles 1386:Ukraine 1379:Romania 1367:carrion 1351:insects 1319:pigeons 1136:Socotra 1102:is the 1064:in the 1027:village 950:Habitat 924:Eritrea 872:Kashmir 804:Lebanon 785:Saratov 773:Georgia 769:Armenia 733:Denmark 729:Finland 704:Romania 700:Moldova 696:Ukraine 692:Hungary 676:Tunisia 672:Algeria 668:Morocco 397:, India 373:by the 367:carrion 363:insects 339:gerbils 335:rodents 331:mammals 307:and in 305:Eurasia 299:) is a 200:, 1829) 154:Genus: 134:Order: 124:Class: 69: ( 5308:368057 5295:545325 5269:115134 5230:175392 5134:EURING 3448: 2774: 2276:Status 2208:Cyprus 2132:) and 2116:) and 2096:) and 1972:) and 1962:eagles 1914:agamas 1912:) and 1815:) and 1715:Jordan 1682:) and 1676:chukar 1636:Cyprus 1529:Greece 1416:) and 1335:mammal 1315:burrow 1289:Sahara 1264:Iberia 1217:Israel 1195:Africa 1044:glades 1011:plains 980:steppe 972:cliffs 964:bushes 936:Uganda 904:Bhutan 822:, the 808:Israel 765:Cyprus 761:Turkey 745:Poland 741:France 735:, the 716:Greece 708:Serbia 684:Europe 632:kyaaah 552:tarsal 539:Indian 474:, 1874 435:morphs 427:pylons 262: 256: 250: 244: 5434:Buteo 5321:94491 5212:IRMNG 5152:96723 5121:EUNIS 5108:eBird 5071:BOW: 4954:Eagle 4529:Buteo 4480:Genus 2253:) or 2235:Abies 2229:Malus 2224:Volga 2196:ledge 2193:cliff 2164:Buteo 1902:pikas 1842:rooks 1830:larks 1745:hares 1737:hares 1347:birds 1339:Buteo 1327:Buteo 1311:Buteo 1272:Lagos 1209:Egypt 1187:India 1091:Buteo 1008:hilly 968:trees 940:Kenya 916:Burma 900:Nepal 880:India 828:Yemen 800:Syria 720:Spain 680:Libya 658:, in 621:Voice 611:eagle 607:Buteo 594:Buteo 535:Eilat 526:Buteo 514:Augur 481:Buteo 450:hover 442:eagle 409:Buteo 359:birds 347:voles 326:Buteo 159:Buteo 5396:GBIF 5347:2993 5334:5344 5264:NCBI 5238:IUCN 5225:ITIS 5204:5192 5173:GBIF 5139:2880 5087:NYVP 5051:8527 3692:2016 3506:Ibis 3478:2011 3446:ISBN 3077:Ibis 2772:ISBN 2402:2021 2385:2019 2239:firs 2220:pear 2157:MHNT 2020:and 1930:crow 1753:and 1365:for 1276:Suez 1270:and 1193:and 1185:and 1138:and 906:and 890:and 878:and 830:and 820:Oman 816:Iran 814:and 812:Iraq 787:and 775:and 751:and 652:arid 636:gull 548:tail 520:and 508:and 462:Size 423:crag 419:rock 414:bill 375:IUCN 361:and 351:rats 349:and 289:The 128:Aves 5342:TSA 5282:220 5251:NBN 5186:IBC 5126:928 5095:CMS 5082:CoL 5023:ADW 4424:on 3514:doi 3510:159 3093:hdl 3085:doi 3081:159 2389:doi 2241:or 2216:oak 2140:). 2104:). 2088:), 2080:), 2072:), 2064:), 2056:), 2044:), 2036:), 1775:), 1690:). 1468:'s 1371:dog 974:or 628:mew 429:or 393:in 5420:: 5398:: 5383:: 5357:: 5344:: 5331:: 5318:: 5305:: 5292:: 5279:: 5266:: 5253:: 5240:: 5227:: 5214:: 5201:: 5188:: 5175:: 5162:: 5149:: 5136:: 5123:: 5110:: 5097:: 5084:: 5061:: 5038:: 5025:: 5010:: 4995:: 4465:: 4405:. 4388:. 4269:^ 4097:^ 4036:^ 4020:^ 4000:^ 3971:^ 3940:^ 3873:^ 3825:^ 3809:^ 3768:^ 3713:^ 3682:. 3615:^ 3508:. 3486:^ 3469:. 3406:^ 3356:^ 3314:^ 3233:^ 3204:^ 3172:^ 3091:. 3079:. 3024:^ 3008:^ 2992:^ 2976:^ 2934:^ 2901:^ 2877:^ 2806:^ 2786:^ 2681:^ 2665:^ 2645:^ 2629:^ 2611:^ 2563:^ 2419:^ 2383:. 2377:. 2327:^ 2155:- 2048:, 2016:, 1948:, 1944:, 1928:A 1666:, 1592:sp 1546:sp 1349:, 1033:. 1025:, 1021:, 986:, 982:, 970:, 966:, 946:. 902:, 858:, 854:, 826:, 806:, 802:, 791:. 771:, 767:, 763:, 747:, 743:, 739:, 731:, 640:ar 563:. 516:, 504:, 421:, 377:. 357:, 345:, 341:, 4455:e 4448:t 4441:v 4428:. 4411:. 4392:. 4134:. 4079:. 3855:. 3694:. 3520:. 3516:: 3480:. 3454:. 3101:. 3095:: 3087:: 2896:. 2780:. 2755:. 2746:" 2404:. 2391:: 2375:" 2371:" 2257:( 2249:( 2136:( 2128:( 2120:( 2112:( 2100:( 2092:( 2084:( 2076:( 2068:( 2060:( 2052:( 2040:( 2032:( 2024:( 2004:( 1992:( 1984:( 1976:( 1968:( 1908:( 1896:( 1884:( 1876:( 1868:( 1860:( 1852:( 1844:( 1819:( 1811:( 1795:( 1787:( 1779:( 1771:( 1763:( 1721:( 1686:( 1678:( 1670:( 1658:( 1650:( 1642:( 1630:( 1598:( 1583:( 1575:( 1523:( 1510:( 1502:( 1494:( 1456:( 1444:( 1436:( 1428:( 1420:( 1412:( 1400:( 1373:( 1158:. 601:( 583:( 496:( 488:( 293:( 196:( 73:) 20:)

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Knowledge

Long-legged buzzard

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