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Bank robbery

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accounted for 28% of robberies, caused the fewest injuries to victims (one percent of all victims' injuries), were the type of robber who most often used a note to threaten bank staff (46% of all their robberies), and failed most often in their robbery attempts (33% failure). Unarmed gangs inflicted the most injuries to victims (51%) and failed the least in their robbery attempts (6% failure). Armed robbers used a disguise more often compared to unarmed robbers, with armed pairs employing disguises most often (59%).
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so-called "note jobs." These are usually accomplished by simply passing a written note to the teller demanding money. The idea is to attract as little attention as possible. In most cases, other customers present in the bank during a robbery are unaware of what is occurring. Standard bank policy is to avoid violence as much as possible, so they will normally hand over the money and try to obey the robber's demands. The robber usually makes away with cash, but in small amounts. According to
386:. Such banks are highly profitable targets for robbers, who are then afforded a number of potential escape routes. Law enforcement benefit by being able to respond more quickly, and the odds of catching a bank robber on or near the scene is higher than other types of crime. This is because most bank robberies are reported very quickly while the crime is in progress; most bank robberies occur during daylight hours, have multiple witnesses and with modern technology often produce 97: 1110: 448: 518:, shot the 17-year-old bookkeeper, Frank Converse, and stole $ 3,000 in large bills and $ 2,000 in small bills. The directors of the bank offered a $ 6,000 reward for the arrest of the murderer. This has been described as the first armed bank robbery murder in US history. The crime is detailed in the historical fiction novel, Abel Bodied: Murder at the Malden Bank written by Michael Cloherty. 166: 56: 837:(June 30, 1901 – November 2, 1980) was asked why he robbed banks, and he was famously reported as answering: "Because that's where the money is." This is, in fact, a quote invented by the interviewer to make the story more interesting. However, when asked, Sutton did write this statement and autograph it for his physician, so in a sense it is accurate. 426:
data, in 2007 there were 106 attempted or successful robberies in Britain in which an average of 1.6 persons were involved. One third of attempts came up empty while the average haul for a successful attempt was equivalent to US$ 46,600. Yet 20% of the successes would later prove less than successful
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contained a front-page news story entitled "Bank Robbers in Motor Car" and according to which two robbers used a gun to rob the Valley bank of Santa Clara of $ 7,000. They then used a hired automobile to escape and were chased by police and a posse of citizens also in automobiles, eventually leading
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According to the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics injuries occur in about two percent and a death occurs in less than one percent of all U.S. bank robberies. Violent takeover bank robberies that are often portrayed in the media are rare. The majority of bank robberies taking place today are
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In 1957, security cameras installed at St. Clair Savings and Loan in Cleveland recorded the first film footage used to apprehend and identify bank robbers. The robbery occurred on April 12, when a 24-year-old male pointed a gun at a teller while his accomplice, an 18-year-old female, stuffed over $
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analyzed trends in bank robbery over a four-year period. Of the 808 bank robbery incidents between January 1998 and May 2002 in which the number of offenders involved in the hold-up was recorded, 55% were committed by lone offenders, 25% by pairs, and 20% by three or more robbers. Unarmed offenders
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Today's biometric technology makes non-violent methods of gaining access, even by the most experienced safe hackers and code crackers, nearly impossible. Modern vaults and safes are also reinforced to the point that the amount of explosives needed to blow them open would likely create unwanted
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later corrected this claim upon learning of a previous 1798 robbery of $ 162,821 from the Bank of Pennsylvania at Carpenters' Hall. The Carpenters' Hall theft also may not have technically been a robbery as there were no signs of force and the thief may have had a key.
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attention and run the risk of harming the building to the point of collapse. By their very nature, even the most impregnable vault or safe eventually needs to be able to be opened and closed by someone. To circumvent vault and safe security features, robbers often
766:. They captured the public imagination with their image as a wild young couple. Along with their gang, they were credited with only ten bank robberies, often making away with as little as $ 80. They were eventually ambushed and killed on the roadside outside 603:, shooting to death an innocent street bystander, 17-year-old student George Clifford "Jolly" Wymore, and escaping with $ 60,000. This was the first successful daylight bank robbery during peacetime in the US. Previous robberies such as from the banks in 784:. He gained this latter reputation (and the nickname "Jackrabbit") for his graceful movements during bank heists, such as leaping over the counter (a movement he supposedly copied from the movies) and many narrow getaways from police. On July 22, 1934, 587:
pointed out that FEE's research was conducted before many states and the Library of Congress began publishing historical newspapers online, and while bank robberies in the Old West were still uncommon, there were many more than previously assessed.
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Adorjan, Michael; Christensen, Tony; Kelly, Benjamin; Pawluch, Dorothy (2012). "Stockholm Syndrome As Vernacular Resource". The Sociological Quarterly. 53 (3): 454–474. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01241.x. ISSN 0038-0253. JSTOR 41679728. S2CID
338:'s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear." By contrast, 1094:, bank robbery is described as an element of life for residents of Charlestown, a neighborhood in Boston. However, this is exaggerated and is disputed by residents of Charlestown, who describe it as outdated, as of when the film 567:. Two men, Danish salesman Lindorff Larsen and a German machinist Güttig, armed with revolvers, got away with 9000 Danish kroner. Güttig was arrested August 30 and Lindorff Larsen committed suicide after having fled the police. 802:(December 6, 1908 – November 27, 1934) was a bank robber and former associate of John Dillinger. He is notable for having killed more FBI agents in the line of duty than any other person. He was killed in a shootout known as 942:
are able to make a successful living out of bank robbery over the long run. Bank robberies are still fairly common and are indeed successful, although eventually many bank robbers are found and arrested. A report by the
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in Paris. They stole a satchel of money he was about to deliver to the bank containing roughly five thousand pounds and escaped in a stolen vehicle. This was the first successful use of a getaway car in a bank robbery.
756:(April 19, 1890 – December 16, 1930), The first "modern" bank robber, who developed techniques of surveillance and planning, such as casing and getaway maps, used by many latter stick-up men such as John Dillinger. 717:, wherein hostages, during captivity, paradoxically form a sympathetic bond with their captors as a survival strategy. Stockholm syndrome is a "contested illness" due to doubt about the legitimacy of the condition. 1839:
Adorjan, Michael, Tony Christensen, Benjamin Kelly, and Dorothy Pawluch. "Stockholm Syndrome As Vernacular Resource." The Sociological Quarterly 53.3 (2012): 454–74. SocINDEX with Full Text . Web. 23 Oct.
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The urban location of the crime also contributes to its repeat victimization profile, a measure of how quickly a crime victim will suffer a repeat of the original crime. One study carried out by the
491:). Two men, James Honeyman and William J. Murray, entered the City Bank of New York using forged keys. This allowed them to empty the vault of more than $ 245,000 in bank money. According to the 1992: 583:(FEE) in their research, found the scene of the Western bank-robbery to be generally a myth, identifying less than 10 definite bank robberies between 1859 and 1900 across 15 frontier states. 713:, Sweden. After their release, the hostages defended their captors and refused to testify against them. This led to an academic interest in a phenomenon soon after referred to as 762:, better known as "Bonny and Clyde" (active February 1932 – May 1934), were an American couple who went on a crime spree during the Great Depression with their associates, the 734:(1842 – June 4, 1878) was involved in 80% of the bank robberies in the U.S. from 1869 to his death in 1878. He was involved in the Manhattan Savings Institution robbery. 107: 2055: 998:
for bank robbery gives long prison terms, which are usually further enhanced by the use or carrying of loaded firearms, prior criminal convictions, and the absence of
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On February 16, 1984, more than $ 160,000 was stolen from the Merchants and Farmers Bank and Trust Co. in Leesville, Louisiana using a stolen getaway helicopter.
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teams. Forensic identification techniques have also improved greatly; should a bank robber fire a gun, the police can trace the bullet to the exact firearm using
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While it is not certain that the first time someone robs a bank they will be caught, if they continue to rob banks, they will most likely be caught. Few
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found that in England, one third of banks at which a robbery has occurred will be robbed again within three months, while the same study found that in
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A masked man poses as a bank robber during a demonstration of a German device that protected cash and sounded an alarm during a robbery (1931).
1921: 1892: 522: 405:, one quarter of robbed banks will suffer repeat robbery within a week, and over half of robbed banks will be robbed again within a month. 1363: 2025: 1966: 1562: 693:
2,000 into a bag. A third accomplice drove the getaway car. The three were captured shortly after video footage of the robbery aired on
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was made. Up to the early 2000s, Charlestown was notorious for criminals whose specialty was robbery but also other lucrative crimes.
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in a bank robbery, to which the firearms training instructor joked "that would be sixty-four pieces of evidence to convict you." The
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that can be distributed and used immediately to canvass the local area. Consequently, many bank robbers are caught the same day. The
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A further factor making bank robbery unattractive for criminals in the United States is the severity with which it is prosecuted.
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Under federal law, bank robbery in the United States is defined, and made illegal, primarily by the bank robbery statute in
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The 1920s and 1930s saw a significant increase in bank robberies in the United States. This led to the formation of the
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typically causes corrections administrators to place imprisoned bank robbers in harsher high-security institutions.
209: 1042: 604: 459: 176: 1003: 912: 508: 900:, but that is not always a successful idea as banks have often removed the manager's ability to open the vault. 1289: 908: 803: 777: 529: 845:
In the 1920s, American banks added the security of alarm systems and concrete-reinforced, blast-proof vaults.
216: 1819: 1293: 1128: 1123: 1024: 608: 316: 31: 1671: 673: 511:. It has been described as the first bank robbery in Australia and also the largest in Australian history. 1548: 827: 731: 1267:"Pastore, Ann L. and Kathleen Maguire, eds.: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Table 3.149.2008" 1244:"Pastore, Ann L. and Kathleen Maguire, eds.: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Table 3.151.2008" 1221: 198: 2045: 1195: 706: 515: 514:
On December 15, 1863, Postmaster Edward Green walked into the First National Bank on Pleasant Street in
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Modern banks have implemented modern security measures, like motion-sensing and high resolution color
1086: 402: 740:(September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was one of the most notorious bank robbers in American history. 363:
Bank robbery occurs in cities and towns. This concentration is often attributed to there being more
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robbery, January 2, 2008. This particular pack was concealed inside a stack of twenty-dollar bills.
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stole approximately £14,000 in promissory notes and coins from the vault of the Bank of Australia
473: 387: 296: 41: 1913: 483:, the first bank robbery in the United States occurred in March 1831 (the 19th according to the 1993:"Robbed of its new image? Charlestown hopes not Affleck's new film is the talk of the Townies" 1917: 1869: 1641: 1367: 1056: 1050: 935:
where handguns are difficult to obtain, is easily concealable but not particularly effective.
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The police have new measures at their disposal to catch bank robbers, such as well-armed
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in urban areas, but the number of bank robberies is higher than the number of branches.
295:, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a 1308:"U.S. Code › Title 18 › Part I › Chapter 103 › §2113 - Bank Robbery" 1066:(2008) are based on actual bank robberies. Other notable but fictional examples include 1906: 980: 924: 889: 780:. Some considered him a dangerous criminal, while others idolized him as a present-day 773: 750:
and folk hero, pulled off a series of bank robberies in Victoria and New South Wales.
665: 545: 533: 391: 1937: 664:" for significant wanted criminals. This era saw the rise of famous gangs such as the 2039: 1266: 1243: 1007: 1006:
system. As with any type of robbery, the fact that bank robbery is also inherently a
976: 834: 549: 537: 328: 324: 312: 447: 1115: 1062: 972: 661: 451: 1456:"Robbing the Bank: Australia's First Bank Robbery | the Dictionary of Sydney" 1307: 1945: 1394:"The First American Bank Robbery Was One of the Most Bizarre Heists of All Time" 1068: 1019: 932: 857: 763: 753: 737: 669: 632: 612: 560: 398: 308: 165: 1022:. Some of these films are based on the lives of historic bank robbers, such as 1717: 1591: 1105: 881: 781: 747: 584: 564: 320: 1873: 960: 928: 873: 813: 812:(April 2, 1914 – May 17, 2002) was a Canadian bank robber and leader of the 743: 710: 541: 17: 1696: 988: 984: 968: 939: 877: 853: 793: 339: 1862:"My Favorite Victorian Criminal Was a Bank Robber With a Secret Weapon" 817: 789: 555:
The first bank robbery in Denmark occurred August 18, 1913 in the bank
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is more highly developed, especially where banks tend to cluster near
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devices. Some banks supplement this protection with armed or unarmed
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for bank robbery is among the highest of all crimes, at nearly 60%.
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On September 14, 1828, five men tunneled through a sewage drain in
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agents cornered Dillinger in an alley outside a movie theater in
1770:"A helicopter believed used in the daring datmylight robbery..." 1535:"The Non-Existent Frontier Bank Robbery | Larry Schweikart" 904: 816:, which pulled off a string of heists, including the largest in 611:, which some historians consider to be not robberies proper but 591:
On February 13, 1866, several men believed to be members of the
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due to a few infamous examples and portrayal in fiction. The
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First known use of camera footage to apprehend a bank robber
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rate for bank robbery in 2001 was second only to that of
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groups tend to make their money by other means, such as
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Bank robbery is commonly associated with the American
311:, as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a 30:"Bank heist" redirects here. For the video game, see 1419:
Breaking the Bank: An Extraordinary Colonial Robbery
776:(June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) robbed banks in the 796:, where he was shot and killed by multiple agents. 525:. It was the largest bank robbery in U.S. history. 190:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1905: 1744:"Happy Anniversary: Manhole covers held to ransom" 947:states that, among Category I serious crimes, the 370:This has advantages both for bank robbers and for 1290:Robbing Banks: Crime does pay – but not very much 635:intercepted a bank messenger outside a branch of 1637:Jesse James Was His Name, by William A Settle Jr 40:"Bank robber" redirects here. For the film, see 746:(December 1854 – 11 November 1880), Australian 1312:Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute 1046:(2009) (based on the life of John Dillinger). 342:is "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a 1938:"Design of a GPS/GSM currency tracker device" 1018:Bank robberies are often a main plot in many 705:In 1973, four hostages were taken during the 607:more than a year earlier were perpetrated by 536:resulted in 40 deaths, 50 injuries, and the " 104:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 876:heavy vault doors, silent alarms, exploding 27:Crime of stealing from a bank using violence 996:United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines 631:On December 21, 1911, two armed men of the 84:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1820:"Movie Camera Solves Bank Robbery Quickly" 1795:"History of Bank Robberies – Crime Museum" 1549:"The Truth About Wild West Bank Robberies" 770:by a posse of Texas and Louisiana lawmen. 1297:Volume 9, Issue 3, pages 17–21, June 2012 1288:Barry Reilly, Neil Rickman, Robert Witt, 427:by virtue of the robbers being arrested. 268:Learn how and when to remove this message 250:Learn how and when to remove this message 142:Learn how and when to remove this message 2031:FBI Releases New Bank Robbers Mobile App 523:Manhattan Savings Institution was robbed 2056:Western (genre) staples and terminology 1140: 676:. Other famous public enemies included 652:Great Depression era and "Public Enemy" 291:is the criminal act of stealing from a 1588:"The James – Younger Gang – Robberies" 1387: 1385: 1421:, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, 2008 571:Bank robbery on the American frontier 7: 188:adding citations to reliable sources 1991:Baker, Billy (September 18, 2010). 415:Australian Institute of Criminology 1693:"The Bonnot Gang by Richard Parry" 1590:. 22 December 1996. Archived from 1563:"Jesse James – First Bank Robbery" 1520:Axel Breidahl & Axel Kjerulf, 1392:Braswell, Sean (25 October 2015). 1031:Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid 727:List of bank robbers and robberies 557:Sparekassen for København og Omegn 25: 923:, a common robbery weapon in the 680:(Public Enemy No, 1 in 1934) and 581:Foundation for Economic Education 65:This article has multiple issues. 1108: 619:First known use of a getaway car 164: 95: 54: 945:Federal Bureau of Investigation 658:Federal Bureau of Investigation 644:First known use of a helicopter 623:The August 29, 1909 edition of 597:Clay County Savings Association 336:Federal Bureau of Investigation 175:needs additional citations for 73:or discuss these issues on the 2026:FBI Bank Crime Statistics 2010 1522:Københavnerglimt – 1912 – 1920 1364:"America's First Bank Robbery" 760:Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow 1: 1470:"New York Times, 16 Dec-1863" 1325:New York Times, 19 March 2010 454:takes part in the April 1974 376:transportation infrastructure 1967:"Bank Crime Statistics 2011" 1695:. 2001-03-10. Archived from 1614:"Kansas City Tourist Office" 544:organized by (among others) 487:, the 20th according to the 424:British Bankers' Association 1860:Roth, Cheyna (2023-12-28). 1668:"Bank Robbers in Motor Car" 1634:Settle, William A. (1977). 1192:"Crime prevention – GOV.UK" 833:In the early 20th century, 768:Bienville Parish, Louisiana 660:(FBI) and the designation " 118:, discuss the issue on the 2072: 1502:The State Journal-Register 724: 39: 29: 1912:. Bantam Books. pp.  1343:The Saturday Evening Post 1337:Society (16 March 2013). 800:George "Baby Face" Nelson 521:On October 27, 1878, the 2051:Organized crime activity 909:ballistic fingerprinting 804:The Battle of Barrington 778:Midwestern United States 530:1907 Tiflis bank robbery 1640:. U of Nebraska Press. 1129:Convenience store crime 1124:Armored car (valuables) 898:kidnap the bank manager 721:Historical bank robbers 528:The heist known as the 1904:Coyle, Daniel (2009). 865: 732:George Leonidas Leslie 463: 285: 851: 707:Norrmalmstorg robbery 672:(1932–1934), and the 625:The Rich Hill Tribune 516:Malden, Massachusetts 505:George Street, Sydney 480:Saturday Evening Post 450: 380:retail shopping areas 374:. In urban areas the 283: 1370:on February 11, 2001 609:Confederate soldiers 532:in June 1907 in the 403:Tallahassee, Florida 384:commercial districts 319:, or (historically) 184:improve this article 124:create a new article 116:improve this article 106:may not represent a 1699:on October 24, 2008 1674:on December 8, 2015 1594:on 22 December 1996 1224:on 14 February 2017 1198:on 12 December 2009 806:, outside Chicago. 605:St. Albans, Vermont 388:photographic images 1775:. 21 February 1984 1750:. 20 December 1993 1724:. 19 November 2012 1551:. 9 February 2021. 1475:The New York Times 866: 715:Stockholm syndrome 701:Stockholm syndrome 674:Barker–Karpis gang 628:to their capture. 593:James-Younger Gang 474:The New York Times 464: 431:US Federal Statute 297:threat of violence 286: 1923:978-0-553-80684-7 1718:"The Bonnot Gang" 1496:Mulligan, Frank. 1051:Dog Day Afternoon 921:sawed-off shotgun 810:Edwin Alonzo Boyd 682:Machine Gun Kelly 601:Liberty, Missouri 334:According to the 299:. 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Index

Bank robbers
Bank Heist (Atari 2600)
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