42:
85:, Barrow Canyon is an important foraging area and concentrated migration passageway for marine mammals and birds following openings in the sea ice. Bowhead and beluga whales travel through the canyon during the spring and fall migrations. The corridor is likely used by many bird species migrating to the North Slope for summer breeding.
218:—withdrew the Beaufort Sea Barrow whaling area from all future oil and gas leasing activity. Additionally, an additional subsistence area north of Barrow in the Chukchi Sea was deferred from leasing in the 2012–2017 Final Program. The
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A 2010 study identified Barrow Canyon as a key to resilience in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Due to the unique factors that contribute to the high levels of primary productivity in the region, the canyon will likely provide ecosystem
414:
452:
Braund S. and
Burnham D., , Prepared by LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., Prepared for U.S. Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service and Department of Commerce, NOAA, 1984.
432:"Chukchi Offshore Monitoring In Drilling Area (COMIDA): Factors Affecting the Distribution and Relative Abundance of Endangered Whales and Other Marine Mammals in the Chukchi Sea"
463:"The Influence of Harry Brower, Sr., an Inupiaq Eskimo Hunter, on the Bowhead Whale Research Program Conducted at the UIC-NARL Facility by the North Slope Borough"
554:
222:
Draft
Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement also recognizes additional portions of the Barrow Canyon region as Environmentally Important Areas.
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have been found in the area and while there is no existing fishery for them in the Arctic, they are a commercially important species in the
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whaling captains have long known about the migration route for bowhead whales and have helped scientists document important places.
443:
Pederson S., , Anthropology and
Historic Preservation, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 1979.
389:"Effects of changing sea ice on marine mammals and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska from traditional knowledge interviews"
401:
488:
434:, Final Report of the Chukchi Sea Acoustics, Oceanography, and Zooplankton Study, OCS Study BOEM, 2015. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
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Local villages rely extensively on areas influenced by the high levels of productivity at Barrow Canyon during the year. The
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321:"Observations on beluga fall migration in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, 1982-87, and northeastern Chukchi Sea, 1982-91"
62:. The canyon is roughly 15 miles wide, and reaches depths up to 1,200 feet below the surrounding cliffs and peaks.
531:"Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, 2017-2022 Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program"
475:
308:"Alaska Arctic marine fish ecology catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038"
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520:, Prepared for Minerals Management Service by Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 2010. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
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Many species of marine mammals are found in Barrow Canyon throughout the year. As offshore sea ice melts,
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270:"Ecosystem dynamics of the Pacific-influenced Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas in the Amerasian Arctic"
362:
361:
Smith, M. A., N. J. Walker, C. M. Free, M. J. Kirchhoff, G. S. Drew, N. Warnock, and I. J. Stenhouse,
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203:. Both Arctic cod and saffron cod are critical species to the Arctic marine food web. Additionally,
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404:, Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.s. Department of Commerce, 2005. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
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89:
337:"International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as astaging area for migrating king eiders"
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38:, the highly productive Barrow Canyon supports a diversity of marine animals and invertebrates.
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465:, Fifty More Years Below Zero, Arctic Institute of North America, 2000. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
58:, Barrow Canyon stretches 150 miles along the coast, crossing into the Beaufort Sea north of
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cluster at the mouth of Barrow Canyon where there are large concentrations of zooplankton.
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rely on coastal habitat for haulouts and on the region’s rich seafloor for foraging.
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The entire
Chukchi Coast, including parts of Barrow Canyon, has been designated as
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350:"Monitoring Marine Birds of Concern in the Eastern Chukchi Nearshore Area (Loons)"
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Logerwell E., K. Rand, S. Parker-Setter, J. Horne, T. Weingartner, and B. Bluhm
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518:"Beaufort Sea Marine Fish Monitoring 2008: Pilot Survey and Test of Hypotheses"
415:"Biologically Important Areas for cetaceans within U.S. waters – Arctic region"
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323:, Report of the International Whaling Commission, 1993. Retrieved 20-09-206.
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505:"Fishery Management Plan for Fish Resources of the Arctic Management Area"
310:, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study, 2016. Retrieved 20-09-2016.
402:"Ringed and bearded seal densities in the eastern Chukchi Sea, 1999–2000"
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491:, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2000. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
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79:
268:; Cooper, Lee W.; Feder, Howard M.; Sirenko, Boris I. (October 2006).
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On
January 27, 2015, President Obama—using his authorities under the
376:"Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover"
363:"Identifying marine Important Bird Areas using at-sea survey data"
124:, rely on areas near the shoreline along the canyon for foraging.
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391:, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2016. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
476:"RACER: Rapid Assessment of Circum-Arctic Ecosystem Resilience"
45:
Map of Barrow Canyon in the
Beaufort and Chukchi Seas in Alaska
430:, J.M. Napp, B.K. Rone, A.H. Spear, M. Wang, and C.W. Clark,
378:, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2012. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
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Bengtson J., L. Hiruki-Raring, M. Simpkins, and P. Boveng,
478:, WWF Global Arctic Programme, 2012. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
155:, also rely on this region as an important feeding area.
426:
Berchok, C.L., J.L. Crance, E.C. Garland, J.A. Mocklin,
365:, Biological Conservation, 2014. Retrieved 20-09-2016.
413:
Clarke J., Ferguson M., Curtice C., and
Harrison J.,
489:"Ecological Resilience-In Theory and Application"
547:Barrow Canyon: Ecosystem at the Top of the World
252:"Barrow Canyon - submarine canyon, Arctic Ocean"
417:, Aquatic Mammals, 2015. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
34:seas. Compared to other nearby areas and the
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352:, USGS and BOEM, 2012. Retrieved 20-09-2016.
339:, Polar Biology, 2009. Retrieved 20-09-2016.
335:Oppel, S., D. L. Dickson, and A. N. Powell,
503:North Pacific Fishery Management Council,
143:, and several species of seals, including
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387:Huntington H., L. Quakenbush, M. Nelson
26:that straddles the boundary between the
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374:Jay C., A. Fischbach, and A. Kochnev.
319:Clarke J., Moore S., and Johnson M.,
7:
88:Several species of birds, including
529:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
220:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's
348:Schmutz, J. A. and D. J. Rizzolo,
54:Starting roughly 95 miles west of
14:
216:Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
201:National Marine Fisheries Service
474:Christie P. and Sommerkorn M.,
306:Thorsteinston L., and Love M.,
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599:Landforms of the Arctic Ocean
507:, 2009. Retrieved 22-09-2016.
286:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.10.001
182:resilience to climate change
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254:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
70:Due to the region’s high
274:Progress in Oceanography
266:Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.
533:, Retrieved 22-09-2016.
106:black-legged kittiwakes
189:Essential Fish Habitat
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74:and high biomass of
72:primary productivity
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90:yellow-billed loons
570:71.500°N 157.500°W
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594:Submarine canyons
184:into the future.
118:long-tailed ducks
94:spectacled eiders
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16:Submarine canyon
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141:bowhead whales
129:Pacific walrus
122:red phalaropes
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56:Barrow, Alaska
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153:ringed seals
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102:Arctic terns
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60:Point Barrow
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36:Canada Basin
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573: /
461:Albert T.,
193:saffron cod
157:Gray whales
137:polar bears
98:king eiders
76:zooplankton
588:Categories
238:References
209:Bering Sea
197:Arctic cod
191:(EFH) for
175:Importance
294:0079-6611
205:snow crab
163:Local use
50:Geography
561:157°30′W
226:See also
114:Sabine's
110:glaucous
28:Beaufort
558:71°30′N
199:by the
169:Inupiaq
116:gulls,
80:benthic
32:Chukchi
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151:, and
120:, and
66:Fauna
22:is a
290:ISSN
195:and
112:and
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282:doi
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