604:. When SeHCAT testing is performed, the diagnosis of primary bile acid diarrhea is commonly made. In a review of 18 studies of the use of SeHCAT testing in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients, 32% of 1223 people had a SeHCAT 7-day retention of less than 10%, and 80% of these reported a response to cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant.
1967:
Camilleri M, Nord SL, Burton D, Oduyebo I, Zhang Y, Chen J, Im K, Bhad P, Badman MK, Sanders DS, Walters JR (September 2020). "Randomised clinical trial: significant biochemical and colonic transit effects of the farnesoid X receptor agonist tropifexor in patients with primary bile acid diarrhoea".
607:
A study from 2023 investigating the epidemiology of bile acid diarrhea in
Denmark, found that people suffering from bile acid diarrhea seemed to have more co-morbidities, lower levels of income and education and more health care contacts compared with matches not suffering from bile acid diarrhea.
587:
had unexpected effects in clinical cases with co-existing bile acid diarrhoea which led to a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator, non-inferiority clinical trial. This trial demonstrated superiority in favour of liraglutide compared with colesevelam in reducing stool frequency and improved
432:
Primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid "malabsorption") may be caused by an overproduction of bile acids. Several groups of workers have failed to show any defect in ileal bile acid absorption in these patients, and they have an enlarged bile acid pool, rather than the reduced pool expected
462:
test involves two scans a week apart and so measures multiple cycles of bile acid excretion and reabsorption. There is limited radiation exposure (0.3 mSv). Retention of SeHCAT at 7 days is normally above 15%; values less than 15%, 10% and 5% predict respectively mild, moderate and severe
445:
A study found that patients suffering from bile acid diarrhea are characterized by a dysmetabolic and prediabetic-like profile, with higher postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon, compared with matched healthy controls. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
2038:
Kårhus ML, Brønden A, Forman JL, Haaber A, Knudsen E, Langholz E, Dragsted LO, Hansen SH, Krakauer M, Vilsbøll T, Sonne DP, Knop FK (October 2022). "Safety and efficacy of liraglutide versus colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator,
1878:
Borup C, Vinter-Jensen L, Jørgensen SP, Wildt S, Graff J, Gregersen T, Zaremba A, Borup
Andersen T, Nøjgaard C, Timm HB, Rainteau D, Hansen SH, Rumessen JJ, Munck LK (April 2023). "Efficacy and safety of colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a double-blind, randomised,
424:, absorption is less efficient (Type 3 bile acid malabsorption). A very small proportion of the patients with no obvious disease (Type 2 bile acid malabsorption) may have mutations in ASBT, but this mutation is not more common in most patients and does not affect function.
416:. These bile acid transporters are all highly expressed in the ileum but not in the liver, jejunum or colon. When expression of these specialized transporters is reduced, the intestine is less efficient at bile acid reabsorption (Type 1 bile acid malabsorption). If
481:
The various biomarkers give similar diagnostic yields of around 25% in patients with functional bowel disorders with diarrhea. In countries such as the US, where SeHCAT is not available, fecal bile acids and C4 are available to make the diagnosis.
1779:
Wedlake, L; Thomas, K; Lalji, A; Anagnostopoulos, C; Andreyev, HJ (2009). "Effectiveness and tolerability of colesevelam hydrochloride for bile-acid malabsorption in patients with cancer: a retrospective chart review and patient questionnaire".
2159:
2144:
1468:
Valentin, N; Camilleri, M; Altayar, O; Vijayvargiya, P; Acosta, A; Nelson, AD; Murad, MH (December 2016). "Biomarkers for bile acid diarrhoea in functional bowel disorder with diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
596:
Bile acid malabsorption is common in Crohn's disease but not always recognized. Most people with previous ileal resection and chronic diarrhea will have abnormal SeHCAT tests and can benefit from bile acid sequestrants.
556:, both in powder form, have been used for many years. Unfortunately, many patients find them difficult to tolerate; although the diarrhea may improve, other symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating may worsen.
954:
Montagnani, M; Love, MW; Rössel, P; Dawson, PA; Qvist, P (2001). "Absence of dysfunctional ileal sodium-bile acid cotransporter gene mutations in patients with adult-onset idiopathic bile acid malabsorption".
1512:
Brydon, WG; Nyhlin, H; Eastwood, MA; Merrick, MV (1996). "Serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and selenohomocholyltaurine (SeHCAT) whole body retention in the assessment of bile acid induced diarrhoea".
3057:
1914:
Walters JR, Johnston IM, Nolan JD, Vassie C, Pruzanski ME, Shapiro DA (January 2015). "The response of patients with bile acid diarrhoea to the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid".
474:, (C4), a bile acid precursor, in serum, shows the increased bile acid synthesis found in bile acid malabsorption. This test is an alternative diagnostic means when available. Fasting blood
467:. This test is not licensed in the USA, and is underutilized even where it is available. Older methods such as the C-glycocholic breath test are no longer in routine clinical use.
2003:
Kårhus, M L; Brønden, A; Røder, M E (Aug 2019). "Remission of Bile Acid
Malabsorption Symptoms Following Treatment With the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide".
454:
Several methods have been developed to identify the disorder but there are difficulties with all of them. Diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption is easily and reliably made by the
2235:
1319:"Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome"
2739:
1839:"Colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid malabsorption-associated diarrhea in patients with Crohn's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study"
217:. It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption. It can result from
2334:
588:
pathophysiological markers, suggesting it may be a new, safe and more effective treatment compared with current established, cheaper treatment modalities.
2373:
1042:
van
Tilburg, AJ; de Rooij, FW; van den Berg, JW; van Blankenstein, M (1992). "Primary bile acid malabsorption: a pathophysiologic and clinical entity?".
611:
Estimates of the population prevalence suggest that 1% of the adult population could have primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid malabsorption).
3533:
2228:
3538:
2601:
697:
521:
421:
123:
2174:
433:
with malabsorption. The synthesis of bile acids in the liver is negatively regulated by the ileal hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (
2814:
2221:
1558:"Fibroblast growth factor 19 in patients with bile acid diarrhoea: a prospective comparison of FGF19 serum assay and SeHCAT retention"
3486:
3333:
3231:
1224:"Differences in Fecal Microbiomes and Metabolomes of People With vs Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption"
494:. When other causes were recognized, and an idiopathic, primary form described, a classification into three types was proposed:
3523:
3372:
2984:
2967:
2472:
2467:
2344:
471:
140:
2497:
3226:
3182:
3076:
2898:
3437:
3283:
562:
is a tablet which is well tolerated and has been shown in placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials to be effective.
1837:
Beigel F, Teich N, Howaldt S, Lammert F, Maul J, Breiteneicher S, Rust C, Göke B, Brand S, Ochsenkühn T (November 2014).
577:
is another farnesoid X receptor agonist that has been studied, showing improvements in biochemistry and colonic transit.
3192:
2711:
2319:
907:"Primary bile acid malabsorption caused by mutations in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2)"
337:
2406:
1418:
759:
Sadowski, DC; Camilleri, M; Chey, WD; Leontiadis, GI; Marshall, JK; Shaffer, EA; Tse, F; Walters, JRF (January 2020).
437:), and lower levels of this hormone result in overproduction of bile acids, which are more than the ileum can absorb.
2302:
2772:
2701:
3045:
3001:
2954:
2760:
2378:
509:
349:
3071:
1122:"Enterohepatic, Gluco-metabolic, and Gut Microbial Characterization of Individuals With Bile Acid Malabsorption"
1079:"Enterohepatic, Gluco-metabolic, and Gut Microbial Characterization of Individuals With Bile Acid Malabsorption"
3391:
2706:
2664:
2477:
2352:
2339:
2280:
2185:
601:
446:
Furthermore, gut microbiome composition differs from that of people who do not suffer from bile acid diarrhea.
222:
152:
119:
2309:
1369:
Walters, JR (2010). "Defining primary bile acid diarrhea: making the diagnosis and recognizing the disorder".
1165:"The pathophysiology of bile acid diarrhoea: differences in the colonic microbiome, metabolome and bile acids"
761:"Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Bile Acid Diarrhea"
713:
Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M (March 2018). "Update on Bile Acid
Malabsorption: Finally Ready for Prime Time?".
1816:
41:
Bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea, bile salt malabsorption
3316:
3093:
2834:
2285:
68:
1556:
Pattni SS, Brydon WG, Dew T, Johnston IM, Nolan JD, Srinivas M, Basumani P, Bardhan KD, Walters JR (2013).
3396:
3120:
3103:
2513:
2487:
2363:
2314:
2275:
2253:
2245:
584:
545:
464:
230:
168:
147:
352:
of bile acids takes place 4–6 times in 24 hours and usually less than 0.5 g of bile acids enter the
3328:
3236:
3197:
3125:
525:
233:
is often effective. It is recognised as a disability in the United
Kingdom under the Equality Act 2010.
3247:
2428:
3367:
3311:
3132:
3028:
2611:
2606:
2440:
2358:
2324:
566:
533:
3461:
3271:
3164:
3147:
3108:
3081:
3033:
2876:
2853:
2846:
2795:
2767:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2596:
2163:
417:
361:
246:
156:
3473:
3338:
3321:
3306:
3293:
3276:
3142:
2669:
2641:
2401:
2297:
2262:
1949:
1761:
1587:
1538:
1494:
1394:
1348:
1003:"A new mechanism for bile acid diarrhea: defective feedback inhibition of bile acid biosynthesis"
980:
738:
258:
58:
2777:
2575:
1607:"The syndrome of ileal disease and the broken enterohepatic circulation: cholerheic enteropathy"
499:
3528:
3451:
3432:
2805:
2196:
2107:
2056:
2020:
1985:
1941:
1896:
1860:
1797:
1753:
1712:
1677:
1628:
1579:
1530:
1486:
1445:
1386:
1340:
1294:
1245:
1204:
1059:
1024:
972:
936:
887:
836:
792:
730:
693:
687:
668:
498:
Type 1: Bile acid malabsorption, secondary to ileal resection, or ileal inflammation (e.g. in
293:
130:
46:
3498:
3418:
3413:
3403:
3265:
3137:
3065:
2883:
2790:
2785:
2715:
2674:
2482:
2447:
2097:
2087:
2048:
2012:
1977:
1931:
1923:
1888:
1850:
1789:
1743:
1704:
1667:
1659:
1618:
1569:
1522:
1478:
1435:
1427:
1378:
1330:
1284:
1276:
1235:
1194:
1184:
1176:
1143:
1133:
1100:
1090:
1051:
1014:
964:
926:
918:
877:
867:
826:
782:
772:
722:
658:
648:
637:"How bad is bile acid diarrhoea: an online survey of patient-reported symptoms and outcomes"
570:
459:
51:
3456:
3386:
3252:
3187:
3152:
3023:
2888:
2824:
2726:
2645:
2636:
2586:
2526:
2411:
2388:
513:
365:
357:
353:
341:
329:
106:
2213:
2102:
2075:
1148:
1121:
1105:
1078:
3493:
3408:
2962:
2935:
2800:
2735:
2731:
2621:
2591:
1732:"Systematic review: the management of chronic diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption"
1672:
1647:
1440:
1413:
1289:
1264:
1199:
1164:
882:
855:
815:"Chronic diarrhea caused by idiopathic bile acid malabsorption: an explanation at last"
663:
636:
635:
Bannaga, A; Kelman, L; O'Connor, M; Pitchford, C; Walters, JR; Arasaradnam, RP (2017).
549:
529:
321:
266:
2168:
2052:
1892:
1708:
1623:
1606:
931:
906:
3517:
3426:
3379:
3172:
3115:
3098:
3010:
2755:
2582:
2457:
2423:
2368:
1526:
1335:
1318:
984:
273:
218:
1953:
1793:
1765:
1542:
1398:
1352:
478:
values may have value in the recognition of the disease and prediction of response.
3301:
3213:
3086:
2989:
2940:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2829:
2654:
2570:
2462:
2452:
2418:
1591:
1498:
742:
1431:
17:
2190:
2016:
1855:
1838:
1240:
1223:
1138:
1095:
396:) is the first step in absorption at the brush-border membrane. The cytoplasmic
3481:
3243:
3221:
3052:
2972:
2616:
2517:
2270:
653:
580:
559:
413:
412:
transfer bile acids through and out of the cell where they eventually enter the
325:
250:
114:
1482:
1180:
968:
872:
3257:
2930:
2908:
2553:
2492:
2201:
2153:
1280:
1055:
1019:
777:
760:
726:
574:
553:
313:
309:
277:
254:
163:
1001:
Walters, JR; Tasleem, AM; Omer, O S; Brydon, WG; Dew, T; le Roux, CW (2009).
600:
People with primary bile acid diarrhea are frequently misdiagnosed as having
3207:
3177:
3040:
3018:
2871:
2722:
2696:
2558:
2548:
2435:
2396:
2329:
420:
is affected by gastro-intestinal surgery, or bile acids are deconjugated by
333:
285:
226:
175:
2111:
2060:
2024:
1989:
1945:
1936:
1900:
1864:
1801:
1757:
1583:
1490:
1449:
1390:
1344:
1298:
1249:
1208:
1189:
1028:
976:
891:
840:
796:
787:
734:
672:
1716:
1681:
1663:
1632:
1534:
1317:
Wedlake L, A'Hern R, Russell D, Thomas K, Walters JR, Andreyev HJ (2009).
1063:
940:
2841:
2819:
2531:
2092:
573:
has shown clinical and biochemical benefits in a proof of concept study.
517:
405:
369:
262:
242:
214:
213:, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic
2136:
2893:
2659:
2563:
2535:
1265:"Methods for diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption in clinical practice"
409:
389:
385:
289:
281:
1981:
1927:
1748:
1731:
1574:
1557:
1382:
922:
831:
814:
505:
Type 2: Idiopathic bile acid malabsorption, Primary bile acid diarrhea
3359:
2977:
2863:
2148:
455:
136:
1002:
2809:
2539:
491:
475:
434:
397:
381:
345:
344:. Usually over 95% of the bile acids are absorbed in the terminal
317:
292:
about leaving home (primarily due to fear of fecal incontinence),
63:
Bowel movement frequency, soft or watery stools, diarrhea, urgency
2179:
261:
and other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal swelling,
2217:
463:
abnormal retention and an increasing likelihood of response to
245:, with watery or mushy, unformed stools, (types 6 and 7 on the
1695:
Fromm, H; Malavolti, M (1986). "Bile acid-induced diarrhoea".
689:
Surgical
Pathology of Non-neoplastic Gastrointestinal Diseases
490:
Bile acid malabsorption was first recognized in patients with
296:, one survey reports. It contributes in delays in diagnosis.
548:
are the main agents used to treat bile acid malabsorption.
356:
per 24 h. When larger amounts of bile acids enter the
2074:
KĂĄrhus, M L; Ellegaard, A; Winther-Jensen, M (Dec 2023).
1412:
Khalid, U; Lalji, A; Stafferton, R; Andreyev, J (2010).
686:
Zhang, Lizhi; Chandan, Vishal S.; Wu, Tsung-Teh (2019).
1263:
Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M, Shin A, Saenger A (2013).
272:
People with this disorder often report impairments of
225:, or be a primary disorder, associated with excessive
1515:
European
Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
905:
Oelkers, P; Kirby, LC; Heubi, JE; Dawson, PA (1997).
2126:
1044:
Scandinavian
Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
3472:
3358:
3351:
3292:
3206:
3163:
3009:
3000:
2953:
2907:
2862:
2748:
2635:
2525:
2512:
2387:
2261:
2252:
2130:
2076:"The Epidemiology of Bile Acid Diarrhea in Denmark"
348:and are taken up by the liver and resecreted. This
192:
184:
174:
162:
146:
129:
113:
101:
93:
85:
77:
67:
57:
45:
37:
32:
1371:Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
819:Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1414:"Bile acid malabsorption: a forgotten diagnosis?"
1463:
1461:
1459:
1312:
1310:
1308:
808:
806:
754:
752:
630:
628:
626:
624:
384:is very efficient at absorbing the glyco- and
2229:
2041:The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1881:The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1879:placebo-controlled, phase 4 clinical trial".
390:apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
8:
2335:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
33:Bile acid diarrhea / Bile acid malabsorption
328:and are released after meals stimulated by
3355:
3006:
2522:
2374:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
2258:
2236:
2222:
2214:
2127:
1970:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
29:
2101:
2091:
1935:
1854:
1747:
1671:
1622:
1573:
1439:
1364:
1362:
1334:
1288:
1239:
1198:
1188:
1147:
1137:
1104:
1094:
1018:
930:
881:
871:
830:
786:
776:
662:
652:
388:-conjugated forms of the bile salts. The
1730:Wilcox C, Turner J, Green J (May 2014).
1007:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
957:Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
765:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
97:Primary or secondary or types 1, 2 and 3
620:
305:Enterohepatic circulation of bile salts
1817:"Bile acid malabsorption: colesevelam"
257:are common manifestations, often with
2602:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
996:
994:
911:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
522:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
422:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
404:) and the basolateral heterodimer of
360:, they stimulate water secretion and
253:, increased frequency and urgency of
124:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
7:
854:Dawson, PA; Lan, T; Rao, A (2009).
376:Intestinal absorption of bile acids
368:, which causes symptoms of chronic
241:A persistent (chronic) history of
25:
3487:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3334:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
2039:non-inferiority clinical trial".
1646:Thaysen, EH; Pedersen, L (1976).
89:Chronic (longlasting, persistent)
3534:Gastrointestinal tract disorders
3232:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
1648:"Idiopathic bile acid catharsis"
1527:10.1097/00042737-199602000-00005
1336:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04081.x
715:Current Gastroenterology Reports
441:Dysmetabolism and gut microbiome
2473:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
2468:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
2345:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1794:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.027
398:ileal bile acid binding protein
3227:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
3077:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
2899:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
1:
3284:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2053:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00198-4
1893:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00401-0
1709:10.1016/S0300-5089(21)00739-2
1624:10.1016/S0016-5085(67)80140-9
1432:10.7861/clinmedicine.10-2-124
508:Type 3: Secondary to various
332:. They are important for the
105:Surgical resection of ileum,
3539:Steatorrhea-related diseases
3193:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
2712:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
2320:Esophageal motility disorder
2017:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.002
1856:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.05.009
1269:Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol
1241:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.301
1139:10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.007
1096:10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.007
472:7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
428:Overproduction of bile acids
229:production. Treatment with
141:7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
1697:Clinics in Gastroenterology
1163:Sagar, NM (November 2020).
813:Hofmann AF (October 2009).
654:10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000116
73:Anxiety, fecal incontinence
3555:
3178:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
2702:Functional colonic disease
2498:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
1483:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309889
1222:Jeffery, IB (March 2020).
1181:10.1038/s41598-020-77374-7
969:10.1080/003655201750422693
873:10.1194/jlr.R900012-JLR200
400:(IBABP, ILBP, gene symbol
2379:Acute esophageal necrosis
1281:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.029
1056:10.3109/00365529209096030
1020:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.04.024
860:Journal of Lipid Research
778:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.062
727:10.1007/s11894-018-0615-z
692:. Springer. p. 226.
641:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
510:gastrointestinal diseases
392:(ASBT, IBAT, gene symbol
350:enterohepatic circulation
2478:Gastric dumping syndrome
2353:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2340:Diffuse esophageal spasm
1916:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1815:NICE (29 October 2013).
1736:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1562:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1323:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
856:"Bile acid transporters"
602:irritable bowel syndrome
340:of fats (lipids) in the
223:gastrointestinal disease
153:Irritable bowel syndrome
120:Pelvic radiation disease
3094:Alcoholic liver disease
2627:Bile acid malabsorption
2571:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
203:Bile acid malabsorption
3524:Diseases of intestines
3104:Hepatic encephalopathy
2488:Buried bumper syndrome
2419:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
2303:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
2246:human digestive system
585:GLP-1 receptor agonist
546:Bile acid sequestrants
465:bile acid sequestrants
316:) are produced in the
231:bile acid sequestrants
188:1 in 100 of population
169:Bile acid sequestrants
148:Differential diagnosis
3329:Pancreatic pseudocyst
3198:Porcelain gallbladder
2310:Zenker's diverticulum
1782:Clinical Therapeutics
1664:10.1136/gut.17.12.965
526:radiation enteropathy
3133:Hepatorenal syndrome
3072:Budd–Chiari syndrome
3029:Autoimmune hepatitis
2854:Intestinal adhesions
2612:Short bowel syndrome
2441:Functional dyspepsia
2359:Esophageal stricture
2325:Nutcracker esophagus
2093:10.2147/CLEP.S442054
1605:Hofmann, AF (1967).
567:farnesoid X receptor
534:chronic pancreatitis
320:, secreted into the
3272:Choledocholithiasis
3143:Metabolic disorders
3109:Acute liver failure
3082:Portal hypertension
3034:Alcoholic hepatitis
2877:Radiation proctitis
2796:Mesenteric ischemia
2768:Gastroenterocolitis
2597:Blind loop syndrome
2407:Ménétrier's disease
2315:Barrett's esophagus
1234:(4): 1016–1028.e8.
1126:Gastro Hep Advances
1120:KĂĄrhus, ML (2022).
1083:Gastro Hep Advances
1077:KĂĄrhus, ML (2022).
418:intestinal motility
362:intestinal motility
247:Bristol stool scale
180:Good with treatment
157:microscopic colitis
3447:Undefined location
3438:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
3339:Pancreatic fistula
3322:Pancreatic abscess
3277:Biliary dyskinesia
3248:Mirizzi's syndrome
2749:Large and/or small
2429:Dieulafoy's lesion
2298:Boerhaave syndrome
259:fecal incontinence
249:), sometimes with
237:Signs and symptoms
211:bile acid diarrhea
135:Fecal bile acids,
18:Bile acid diarrhea
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3347:
3346:
2949:
2948:
2806:Bowel obstruction
2508:
2507:
2211:
2210:
1982:10.1111/apt.15967
1928:10.1111/apt.12999
1749:10.1111/apt.12684
1575:10.1111/apt.12466
1477:(12): 1951–1959.
1419:Clinical Medicine
1383:10.1586/egh.10.54
923:10.1172/JCI119355
832:10.1586/egh.09.49
699:978-3-030-15573-5
209:), known also as
200:
199:
131:Diagnostic method
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3546:
3499:Pneumoperitoneum
3356:
3266:Common bile duct
3148:Wilson's disease
3138:Peliosis hepatis
3007:
2884:Proctalgia fugax
2791:Abdominal angina
2716:Ogilvie syndrome
2665:Pseudomembranous
2523:
2483:Gastric volvulus
2448:Pyloric stenosis
2259:
2244:Diseases of the
2238:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2005:Gastroenterology
2000:
1994:
1993:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1939:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1843:J Crohns Colitis
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1611:Gastroenterology
1602:
1596:
1595:
1577:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1228:Gastroenterology
1219:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1022:
998:
989:
988:
951:
945:
944:
934:
902:
896:
895:
885:
875:
851:
845:
844:
834:
810:
801:
800:
790:
780:
756:
747:
746:
710:
704:
703:
683:
677:
676:
666:
656:
632:
571:obeticholic acid
460:nuclear medicine
324:, stored in the
52:Gastroenterology
30:
21:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3468:
3457:Internal hernia
3343:
3288:
3253:Biliary fistula
3211:
3202:
3188:Adenomyomatosis
3183:Cholesterolosis
3159:
3153:Hemochromatosis
3024:Viral hepatitis
2996:
2945:
2903:
2889:Rectal prolapse
2858:
2825:Fecal impaction
2815:Intussusception
2778:Crohn's disease
2744:
2727:Toxic megacolon
2639:
2637:Large intestine
2631:
2576:Curling's ulcer
2529:
2527:Small intestine
2516:
2504:
2412:Gastroenteritis
2383:
2248:
2242:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2139:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2047:(10): 922–931.
2037:
2036:
2032:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1788:(11): 2549–58.
1778:
1777:
1773:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1467:
1466:
1457:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1316:
1315:
1306:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1013:(11): 1189–94.
1000:
999:
992:
963:(10): 1077–80.
953:
952:
948:
904:
903:
899:
866:(12): 2340–57.
853:
852:
848:
812:
811:
804:
771:(1): 24–41.e1.
758:
757:
750:
712:
711:
707:
700:
685:
684:
680:
634:
633:
622:
617:
594:
543:
514:cholecystectomy
500:Crohn's disease
488:
470:Measurement of
452:
443:
430:
378:
358:large intestine
354:large intestine
342:small intestine
330:cholecystokinin
307:
302:
239:
107:cholecystectomy
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3494:Hemoperitoneum
3491:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3218:
3216:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2963:Blood in stool
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2936:Anal dysplasia
2933:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2803:
2801:Angiodysplasia
2798:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2736:Diverticulosis
2732:Diverticulitis
2729:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2622:Milroy disease
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Tropical sprue
2589:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2520:
2514:Lower GI tract
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2254:Upper GI tract
2250:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2171:
2156:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:Classification
2124:
2123:External links
2121:
2118:
2117:
2080:Clin Epidemiol
2066:
2030:
2011:(2): 569–571.
1995:
1976:(5): 808–820.
1959:
1906:
1887:(4): 321–331.
1870:
1849:(11): 1471–9.
1829:
1807:
1771:
1722:
1687:
1658:(12): 965–70.
1638:
1597:
1548:
1504:
1455:
1404:
1358:
1304:
1275:(10): 1232–9.
1255:
1214:
1155:
1132:(3): 299-312.
1112:
1089:(3): 299-312.
1069:
1034:
990:
946:
897:
846:
802:
748:
705:
698:
678:
647:(1): e000116.
619:
618:
616:
613:
593:
590:
550:Cholestyramine
542:
539:
538:
537:
530:celiac disease
506:
503:
487:
486:Classification
484:
451:
448:
442:
439:
429:
426:
377:
374:
322:biliary system
306:
303:
301:
298:
267:abdominal pain
238:
235:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
150:
144:
143:
133:
127:
126:
117:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3551:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3368:Diaphragmatic
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Cholecystitis
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:Liver abscess
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:Liver failure
3097:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2756:Enterocolitis
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:Malabsorption
2581:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Gastroparesis
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Cushing ulcer
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Megaesophagus
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2086:: 1173–1181.
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1937:10044/1/21617
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1742:(9): 923–39.
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:(3): 567–82.
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1568:(8): 967–76.
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:(2): 117–23.
1520:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1329:(7): 707–17.
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1190:10044/1/87396
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
947:
942:
938:
933:
928:
924:
920:
917:(8): 1880–7.
916:
912:
908:
901:
898:
893:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:
842:
838:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
788:10044/1/76745
784:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
706:
701:
695:
691:
690:
682:
679:
674:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
614:
612:
609:
605:
603:
598:
591:
589:
586:
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
501:
497:
496:
495:
493:
492:ileal disease
485:
483:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
461:
457:
449:
447:
440:
438:
436:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:(also called
311:
304:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:mental health
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
221:secondary to
220:
219:malabsorption
216:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
69:Complications
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3446:
3425:
3302:Pancreatitis
3264:
3214:biliary tree
3087:Nutmeg liver
3064:
2990:Hematochezia
2941:Pruritus ani
2926:Anal abscess
2921:Anal fistula
2917:Anal fissure
2830:Constipation
2784:
2655:Appendicitis
2626:
2463:Gastroptosis
2453:Achlorhydria
2292:
2281:Eosinophilic
2195:
2184:
2173:
2158:
2143:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1922:(1): 54–64.
1919:
1915:
1909:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1810:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1617:(4): 752–7.
1614:
1610:
1600:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1474:
1470:
1426:(2): 124–6.
1423:
1417:
1407:
1377:(5): 561–7.
1374:
1370:
1326:
1322:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1175:(1): 20436.
1172:
1168:
1158:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1010:
1006:
960:
956:
949:
914:
910:
900:
863:
859:
849:
825:(5): 461–4.
822:
818:
768:
764:
718:
714:
708:
688:
681:
644:
640:
610:
606:
599:
595:
592:Epidemiology
579:
564:
558:
544:
489:
480:
469:
458:test. This
453:
444:
431:
401:
393:
379:
308:
300:Pathogenesis
280:, including
271:
240:
210:
206:
202:
201:
115:Risk factors
109:, idiopathic
3482:Peritonitis
3244:Cholestasis
3222:Cholangitis
3165:Gallbladder
3053:Fatty liver
2973:Hematemesis
2955:GI bleeding
2761:Necrotizing
2690:Lymphocytic
2685:Collagenous
2680:Microscopic
2617:Steatorrhea
2518:Enteropathy
2364:Inlet patch
2286:Herpetiform
2271:Esophagitis
581:Liraglutide
560:Colesevelam
414:portal vein
326:gallbladder
251:steatorrhea
78:Usual onset
38:Other names
3518:Categories
3474:Peritoneal
3452:Incisional
3373:Congenital
3317:Hereditary
3294:Pancreatic
3258:Haemobilia
2931:Hemorrhoid
2909:Anal canal
2847:Infectious
2835:Functional
2670:Ulcerative
2554:Duodenitis
2493:Gastrinoma
2197:DiseasesDB
615:References
575:Tropifexor
554:colestipol
512:including
338:absorption
314:bile salts
310:Bile acids
294:depression
278:well-being
255:defecation
164:Medication
3462:Richter's
3419:Spigelian
3414:Obturator
3404:Umbilical
3237:Ascending
3208:Bile duct
3041:Cirrhosis
3019:Hepatitis
3002:Accessory
2872:Proctitis
2723:Megacolon
2697:Dysentery
2607:Whipple's
2559:Jejunitis
2549:Enteritis
2436:Dyspepsia
2397:Gastritis
2330:Achalasia
2263:Esophagus
1822:17 August
1050:: 66–70.
985:218908622
721:(3): 10.
541:Treatment
450:Diagnosis
334:digestion
286:dizziness
227:bile acid
196:Non-fatal
185:Frequency
176:Prognosis
47:Specialty
3529:Diarrhea
3392:Indirect
3387:Inguinal
3121:Pyogenic
3066:Vascular
2842:Diarrhea
2820:Volvulus
2786:Vascular
2725: /
2714: /
2675:Ischemic
2642:Appendix
2532:Duodenum
2402:Atrophic
2276:Candidal
2112:38089008
2103:10712339
2061:35868334
2025:30965026
1990:32702169
1954:44661338
1946:25329562
1901:36758570
1865:24953836
1802:20109999
1766:12016216
1758:24602022
1584:23981126
1543:23867181
1491:26347530
1450:20437979
1399:27123642
1391:20932141
1353:11327665
1345:19570102
1299:23644387
1250:31843589
1209:33235223
1149:11307667
1106:11307667
1029:19426836
977:11589382
892:19498215
841:19817666
797:31526844
735:29582208
673:28123771
569:agonist
518:vagotomy
370:diarrhea
263:bloating
243:diarrhea
215:diarrhea
86:Duration
59:Symptoms
3433:Petit's
3409:Femoral
3312:Chronic
3126:Amoebic
2894:Anismus
2660:Colitis
2587:Coeliac
2564:Ileitis
2536:Jejunum
2389:Stomach
2293:Rupture
2191:C567652
1717:3742841
1682:1017717
1673:1411224
1633:5337211
1592:6386339
1535:8723414
1499:3454888
1441:4952080
1290:3783593
1200:7686486
1169:Sci Rep
1064:1298051
941:9109432
883:2781307
743:4419631
664:5253456
394:SLC10A2
386:taurine
364:in the
290:anxiety
282:fatigue
81:Any age
3427:Lumbar
3397:Direct
3380:Hiatus
3360:Hernia
3212:Other
2978:Melena
2864:Rectum
2347:(GERD)
2180:613291
2110:
2100:
2059:
2023:
1988:
1952:
1944:
1899:
1863:
1800:
1764:
1756:
1715:
1680:
1670:
1631:
1590:
1582:
1541:
1533:
1497:
1489:
1448:
1438:
1397:
1389:
1351:
1343:
1297:
1287:
1248:
1207:
1197:
1146:
1103:
1062:
1027:
983:
975:
939:
932:508012
929:
890:
880:
839:
795:
741:
733:
696:
671:
661:
536:, etc.
456:SeHCAT
193:Deaths
137:SeHCAT
102:Causes
3352:Other
3307:Acute
3058:MASLD
3011:Liver
2985:Lower
2968:Upper
2810:Ileus
2646:Colon
2540:Ileum
2355:(LPR)
2169:579.8
2154:K90.8
1950:S2CID
1762:S2CID
1588:S2CID
1539:S2CID
1495:S2CID
1395:S2CID
1349:S2CID
981:S2CID
739:S2CID
476:FGF19
435:FGF19
402:FABP6
382:ileum
366:colon
346:ileum
318:liver
94:Types
2740:SCAD
2202:6650
2186:MeSH
2175:OMIM
2164:9-CM
2108:PMID
2057:PMID
2021:PMID
1986:PMID
1942:PMID
1897:PMID
1861:PMID
1824:2014
1798:PMID
1754:PMID
1713:PMID
1678:PMID
1629:PMID
1580:PMID
1531:PMID
1487:PMID
1446:PMID
1387:PMID
1341:PMID
1295:PMID
1246:PMID
1205:PMID
1060:PMID
1025:PMID
973:PMID
937:PMID
888:PMID
837:PMID
793:PMID
731:PMID
694:ISBN
669:PMID
583:, a
565:The
552:and
410:OSTβ
408:and
406:OSTα
380:The
336:and
276:and
265:and
3046:PBC
2773:IBD
2707:IBS
2160:ICD
2145:ICD
2098:PMC
2088:doi
2049:doi
2013:doi
2009:157
1978:doi
1932:hdl
1924:doi
1889:doi
1851:doi
1790:doi
1744:doi
1705:doi
1668:PMC
1660:doi
1652:Gut
1619:doi
1570:doi
1523:doi
1479:doi
1471:Gut
1436:PMC
1428:doi
1379:doi
1331:doi
1285:PMC
1277:doi
1236:doi
1232:158
1195:PMC
1185:hdl
1177:doi
1144:PMC
1134:doi
1101:PMC
1091:doi
1052:doi
1048:194
1015:doi
965:doi
927:PMC
919:doi
878:PMC
868:doi
827:doi
783:hdl
773:doi
723:doi
659:PMC
649:doi
207:BAM
3520::
3210:/
2808::
2789::
2585::
2200::
2189::
2178::
2167::
2152::
2149:10
2106:.
2096:.
2084:15
2082:.
2078:.
2055:.
2043:.
2019:.
2007:.
1984:.
1974:52
1972:.
1948:.
1940:.
1930:.
1920:41
1918:.
1895:.
1883:.
1859:.
1845:.
1841:.
1796:.
1786:31
1784:.
1760:.
1752:.
1740:39
1738:.
1734:.
1711:.
1701:15
1699:.
1676:.
1666:.
1656:17
1654:.
1650:.
1627:.
1615:52
1613:.
1609:.
1586:.
1578:.
1566:38
1564:.
1560:.
1537:.
1529:.
1517:.
1493:.
1485:.
1475:65
1473:.
1458:^
1444:.
1434:.
1424:10
1422:.
1416:.
1393:.
1385:.
1373:.
1361:^
1347:.
1339:.
1327:30
1325:.
1321:.
1307:^
1293:.
1283:.
1273:11
1271:.
1267:.
1244:.
1230:.
1226:.
1203:.
1193:.
1183:.
1173:10
1171:.
1167:.
1142:.
1128:.
1124:.
1099:.
1085:.
1081:.
1058:.
1046:.
1023:.
1009:.
1005:.
993:^
979:.
971:.
961:36
959:.
935:.
925:.
915:99
913:.
909:.
886:.
876:.
864:50
862:.
858:.
835:.
821:.
817:.
805:^
791:.
781:.
769:18
767:.
763:.
751:^
737:.
729:.
719:20
717:.
667:.
657:.
643:.
639:.
623:^
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
372:.
288:,
284:,
269:.
155:,
139:,
122:,
3246:/
2919:/
2738:/
2734:/
2648:)
2644:/
2640:(
2542:)
2538:/
2534:/
2530:(
2237:e
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2223:v
2162:-
2147:-
2137:D
2114:.
2090::
2063:.
2051::
2045:7
2027:.
2015::
1992:.
1980::
1956:.
1934::
1926::
1903:.
1891::
1885:8
1867:.
1853::
1847:8
1826:.
1804:.
1792::
1768:.
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1719:.
1707::
1684:.
1662::
1635:.
1621::
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1452:.
1430::
1401:.
1381::
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1333::
1301:.
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1238::
1211:.
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1179::
1152:.
1136::
1130:1
1109:.
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1031:.
1017::
1011:7
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967::
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870::
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829::
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799:.
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725::
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205:(
20:)
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