604:. When SeHCAT testing is performed, the diagnosis of primary bile acid diarrhea is commonly made. In a review of 18 studies of the use of SeHCAT testing in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients, 32% of 1223 people had a SeHCAT 7-day retention of less than 10%, and 80% of these reported a response to cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant.
1974:
Camilleri M, Nord SL, Burton D, Oduyebo I, Zhang Y, Chen J, Im K, Bhad P, Badman MK, Sanders DS, Walters JR (September 2020). "Randomised clinical trial: significant biochemical and colonic transit effects of the farnesoid X receptor agonist tropifexor in patients with primary bile acid diarrhoea".
607:
A study from 2023 investigating the epidemiology of bile acid diarrhea in
Denmark, found that people suffering from bile acid diarrhea seemed to have more co-morbidities, lower levels of income and education and more health care contacts compared with matches not suffering from bile acid diarrhea.
587:
had unexpected effects in clinical cases with co-existing bile acid diarrhoea which led to a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator, non-inferiority clinical trial. This trial demonstrated superiority in favour of liraglutide compared with colesevelam in reducing stool frequency and improved
432:
Primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid "malabsorption") may be caused by an overproduction of bile acids. Several groups of workers have failed to show any defect in ileal bile acid absorption in these patients, and they have an enlarged bile acid pool, rather than the reduced pool expected
462:
test involves two scans a week apart and so measures multiple cycles of bile acid excretion and reabsorption. There is limited radiation exposure (0.3 mSv). Retention of SeHCAT at 7 days is normally above 15%; values less than 15%, 10% and 5% predict respectively mild, moderate and severe
445:
A study found that patients suffering from bile acid diarrhea are characterized by a dysmetabolic and prediabetic-like profile, with higher postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon, compared with matched healthy controls. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
2045:
Kårhus ML, Brønden A, Forman JL, Haaber A, Knudsen E, Langholz E, Dragsted LO, Hansen SH, Krakauer M, Vilsbøll T, Sonne DP, Knop FK (October 2022). "Safety and efficacy of liraglutide versus colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator,
1885:
Borup C, Vinter-Jensen L, Jørgensen SP, Wildt S, Graff J, Gregersen T, Zaremba A, Borup
Andersen T, Nøjgaard C, Timm HB, Rainteau D, Hansen SH, Rumessen JJ, Munck LK (April 2023). "Efficacy and safety of colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a double-blind, randomised,
424:, absorption is less efficient (Type 3 bile acid malabsorption). A very small proportion of the patients with no obvious disease (Type 2 bile acid malabsorption) may have mutations in ASBT, but this mutation is not more common in most patients and does not affect function.
416:. These bile acid transporters are all highly expressed in the ileum but not in the liver, jejunum or colon. When expression of these specialized transporters is reduced, the intestine is less efficient at bile acid reabsorption (Type 1 bile acid malabsorption). If
481:
The various biomarkers give similar diagnostic yields of around 25% in patients with functional bowel disorders with diarrhea. In countries such as the US, where SeHCAT is not available, fecal bile acids and C4 are available to make the diagnosis.
1786:
Wedlake, L; Thomas, K; Lalji, A; Anagnostopoulos, C; Andreyev, HJ (2009). "Effectiveness and tolerability of colesevelam hydrochloride for bile-acid malabsorption in patients with cancer: a retrospective chart review and patient questionnaire".
2197:
2182:
1475:
Valentin, N; Camilleri, M; Altayar, O; Vijayvargiya, P; Acosta, A; Nelson, AD; Murad, MH (December 2016). "Biomarkers for bile acid diarrhoea in functional bowel disorder with diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
596:
Bile acid malabsorption is common in Crohn's disease but not always recognized. Most people with previous ileal resection and chronic diarrhea will have abnormal SeHCAT tests and can benefit from bile acid sequestrants.
556:, both in powder form, have been used for many years. Unfortunately, many patients find them difficult to tolerate; although the diarrhea may improve, other symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating may worsen.
961:
Montagnani, M; Love, MW; Rössel, P; Dawson, PA; Qvist, P (2001). "Absence of dysfunctional ileal sodium-bile acid cotransporter gene mutations in patients with adult-onset idiopathic bile acid malabsorption".
1519:
Brydon, WG; Nyhlin, H; Eastwood, MA; Merrick, MV (1996). "Serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and selenohomocholyltaurine (SeHCAT) whole body retention in the assessment of bile acid induced diarrhoea".
3095:
1921:
Walters JR, Johnston IM, Nolan JD, Vassie C, Pruzanski ME, Shapiro DA (January 2015). "The response of patients with bile acid diarrhoea to the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid".
474:, (C4), a bile acid precursor, in serum, shows the increased bile acid synthesis found in bile acid malabsorption. This test is an alternative diagnostic means when available. Fasting blood
467:. This test is not licensed in the USA, and is underutilized even where it is available. Older methods such as the C-glycocholic breath test are no longer in routine clinical use.
2010:
Kårhus, M L; Brønden, A; Røder, M E (Aug 2019). "Remission of Bile Acid
Malabsorption Symptoms Following Treatment With the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide".
454:
Several methods have been developed to identify the disorder but there are difficulties with all of them. Diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption is easily and reliably made by the
2273:
1326:"Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome"
2777:
2132:
Ellegaard AM, KĂĄrhus ML, Winther-Jensen M, Knop FK, KĂĄrhus LL (May 2024). "Bile Acid
Diarrhea Is Associated With an Increased Incidence of Gastrointestinal Cancers".
1846:"Colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid malabsorption-associated diarrhea in patients with Crohn's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study"
217:. It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption. It can result from
2372:
588:
pathophysiological markers, suggesting it may be a new, safe and more effective treatment compared with current established, cheaper treatment modalities.
2411:
1049:
van
Tilburg, AJ; de Rooij, FW; van den Berg, JW; van Blankenstein, M (1992). "Primary bile acid malabsorption: a pathophysiologic and clinical entity?".
611:
Estimates of the population prevalence suggest that 1% of the adult population could have primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid malabsorption).
3571:
2266:
3576:
2639:
704:
521:
421:
123:
2212:
433:
with malabsorption. The synthesis of bile acids in the liver is negatively regulated by the ileal hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (
2852:
2259:
1565:"Fibroblast growth factor 19 in patients with bile acid diarrhoea: a prospective comparison of FGF19 serum assay and SeHCAT retention"
3524:
3371:
3269:
1231:"Differences in Fecal Microbiomes and Metabolomes of People With vs Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Bile Acid Malabsorption"
494:. When other causes were recognized, and an idiopathic, primary form described, a classification into three types was proposed:
3561:
3410:
3022:
3005:
2510:
2505:
2382:
471:
140:
2535:
3264:
3220:
3114:
2936:
3475:
3321:
562:
is a tablet which is well tolerated and has been shown in placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials to be effective.
1844:
Beigel F, Teich N, Howaldt S, Lammert F, Maul J, Breiteneicher S, Rust C, Göke B, Brand S, Ochsenkühn T (November 2014).
577:
is another farnesoid X receptor agonist that has been studied, showing improvements in biochemistry and colonic transit.
3230:
2749:
2357:
914:"Primary bile acid malabsorption caused by mutations in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2)"
337:
2444:
1425:
766:
Sadowski, DC; Camilleri, M; Chey, WD; Leontiadis, GI; Marshall, JK; Shaffer, EA; Tse, F; Walters, JRF (January 2020).
437:), and lower levels of this hormone result in overproduction of bile acids, which are more than the ileum can absorb.
2340:
2810:
2739:
3083:
3039:
2992:
2798:
2416:
509:
349:
3109:
1129:"Enterohepatic, Gluco-metabolic, and Gut Microbial Characterization of Individuals With Bile Acid Malabsorption"
1086:"Enterohepatic, Gluco-metabolic, and Gut Microbial Characterization of Individuals With Bile Acid Malabsorption"
3429:
2744:
2702:
2515:
2390:
2377:
2318:
2223:
601:
446:
Furthermore, gut microbiome composition differs from that of people who do not suffer from bile acid diarrhea.
222:
152:
119:
2347:
1376:
Walters, JR (2010). "Defining primary bile acid diarrhea: making the diagnosis and recognizing the disorder".
1172:"The pathophysiology of bile acid diarrhoea: differences in the colonic microbiome, metabolome and bile acids"
768:"Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Bile Acid Diarrhea"
720:
Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M (March 2018). "Update on Bile Acid
Malabsorption: Finally Ready for Prime Time?".
352:
of bile acids takes place four–six times in 24 hours and usually less than 0.5 g of bile acids enter the
1823:
41:
Bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea, bile salt malabsorption
3354:
3131:
2872:
2323:
615:
68:
1563:
Pattni SS, Brydon WG, Dew T, Johnston IM, Nolan JD, Srinivas M, Basumani P, Bardhan KD, Walters JR (2013).
3434:
3158:
3141:
2551:
2525:
2401:
2352:
2313:
2291:
2283:
584:
545:
464:
230:
168:
147:
3366:
3274:
3235:
3163:
525:
233:
is often effective. It is recognised as a disability in the United
Kingdom under the Equality Act 2010.
3285:
2466:
3405:
3349:
3170:
3066:
2649:
2644:
2478:
2396:
2362:
566:
533:
3499:
3309:
3202:
3185:
3146:
3119:
3071:
2914:
2891:
2884:
2833:
2805:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2634:
2201:
417:
361:
246:
156:
3511:
3376:
3359:
3344:
3331:
3314:
3180:
2707:
2679:
2439:
2335:
2300:
1956:
1768:
1594:
1545:
1501:
1401:
1355:
1010:"A new mechanism for bile acid diarrhea: defective feedback inhibition of bile acid biosynthesis"
987:
745:
258:
58:
2815:
2613:
1614:"The syndrome of ileal disease and the broken enterohepatic circulation: cholerheic enteropathy"
499:
3566:
3489:
3470:
2843:
2234:
2145:
2114:
2063:
2027:
1992:
1948:
1903:
1867:
1804:
1760:
1719:
1684:
1635:
1586:
1537:
1493:
1452:
1393:
1347:
1301:
1252:
1211:
1066:
1031:
979:
943:
894:
843:
799:
737:
700:
694:
675:
498:
Type 1: Bile acid malabsorption, secondary to ileal resection, or ileal inflammation (e.g. in
293:
130:
46:
3536:
3456:
3451:
3441:
3303:
3175:
3103:
2921:
2828:
2823:
2753:
2712:
2520:
2485:
2137:
2104:
2094:
2055:
2019:
1984:
1938:
1930:
1895:
1857:
1796:
1750:
1711:
1674:
1666:
1625:
1576:
1529:
1485:
1442:
1434:
1385:
1337:
1291:
1283:
1242:
1201:
1191:
1183:
1150:
1140:
1107:
1097:
1058:
1021:
971:
933:
925:
884:
874:
833:
789:
779:
729:
665:
655:
644:"How bad is bile acid diarrhoea: an online survey of patient-reported symptoms and outcomes"
570:
459:
51:
3494:
3424:
3290:
3225:
3190:
3061:
2926:
2862:
2764:
2683:
2674:
2624:
2564:
2449:
2426:
513:
365:
357:
353:
341:
329:
106:
2251:
2109:
2082:
1155:
1128:
1112:
1085:
3531:
3446:
3000:
2973:
2838:
2773:
2769:
2659:
2629:
1739:"Systematic review: the management of chronic diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption"
1679:
1654:
1447:
1420:
1296:
1271:
1206:
1171:
889:
862:
822:"Chronic diarrhea caused by idiopathic bile acid malabsorption: an explanation at last"
670:
643:
642:
Bannaga, A; Kelman, L; O'Connor, M; Pitchford, C; Walters, JR; Arasaradnam, RP (2017).
549:
529:
321:
266:
17:
2206:
2059:
1899:
1715:
1630:
1613:
938:
913:
3555:
3464:
3417:
3210:
3153:
3136:
3048:
2793:
2620:
2495:
2461:
2406:
1533:
1342:
1325:
991:
273:
218:
1960:
1800:
1772:
1549:
1405:
1359:
478:
values may have value in the recognition of the disease and prediction of response.
3339:
3251:
3124:
3027:
2978:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2867:
2692:
2608:
2500:
2490:
2456:
1598:
1505:
749:
2141:
1438:
614:
A nationwide cohort study indicates an association between bile acid diarrhea and
2228:
2023:
1862:
1845:
1247:
1230:
1145:
1102:
396:) is the first step in absorption at the brush-border membrane. The cytoplasmic
3519:
3281:
3259:
3090:
3010:
2654:
2555:
2308:
660:
580:
559:
413:
412:
transfer bile acids through and out of the cell where they eventually enter the
325:
250:
114:
1489:
1187:
975:
879:
3295:
2968:
2946:
2591:
2530:
2239:
2191:
1287:
1062:
1026:
784:
767:
733:
574:
553:
313:
309:
277:
254:
163:
1008:
Walters, JR; Tasleem, AM; Omer, O S; Brydon, WG; Dew, T; le Roux, CW (2009).
600:
People with primary bile acid diarrhea are frequently misdiagnosed as having
3245:
3215:
3078:
3056:
2909:
2760:
2734:
2596:
2586:
2473:
2434:
2367:
420:
is affected by gastro-intestinal surgery, or bile acids are deconjugated by
333:
285:
226:
175:
2149:
2118:
2067:
2031:
1996:
1952:
1943:
1907:
1871:
1808:
1764:
1590:
1497:
1456:
1397:
1351:
1305:
1256:
1215:
1196:
1035:
983:
898:
847:
803:
794:
741:
679:
1723:
1688:
1670:
1639:
1541:
1324:
Wedlake L, A'Hern R, Russell D, Thomas K, Walters JR, Andreyev HJ (2009).
1070:
947:
2879:
2857:
2569:
2099:
573:
has shown clinical and biochemical benefits in a proof of concept study.
517:
405:
369:
262:
242:
214:
213:, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic
2174:
2931:
2697:
2601:
2573:
1272:"Methods for diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption in clinical practice"
409:
389:
385:
289:
281:
1988:
1934:
1755:
1738:
1581:
1564:
1389:
929:
838:
821:
505:
Type 2: Idiopathic bile acid malabsorption, Primary bile acid diarrhea
3397:
3015:
2901:
2186:
455:
136:
1009:
2847:
2577:
491:
475:
434:
397:
381:
345:
344:. Usually over 95% of the bile acids are absorbed in the terminal
317:
292:
about leaving home (primarily due to fear of fecal incontinence),
63:
Bowel movement frequency, soft or watery stools, diarrhea, urgency
2217:
261:
and other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal swelling,
2255:
463:
abnormal retention and an increasing likelihood of response to
245:, with watery or mushy, unformed stools, (types 6 and 7 on the
1702:
Fromm, H; Malavolti, M (1986). "Bile acid-induced diarrhoea".
696:
Surgical
Pathology of Non-neoplastic Gastrointestinal Diseases
490:
Bile acid malabsorption was first recognized in patients with
296:, one survey reports. It contributes in delays in diagnosis.
548:
are the main agents used to treat bile acid malabsorption.
356:
per 24 h. When larger amounts of bile acids enter the
2081:
KĂĄrhus, M L; Ellegaard, A; Winther-Jensen, M (Dec 2023).
1419:
Khalid, U; Lalji, A; Stafferton, R; Andreyev, J (2010).
693:
Zhang, Lizhi; Chandan, Vishal S.; Wu, Tsung-Teh (2019).
1270:
Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M, Shin A, Saenger A (2013).
272:
People with this disorder often report impairments of
225:, or be a primary disorder, associated with excessive
1522:
European
Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
912:
Oelkers, P; Kirby, LC; Heubi, JE; Dawson, PA (1997).
2164:
1051:
Scandinavian
Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
3510:
3396:
3389:
3330:
3244:
3201:
3047:
3038:
2991:
2945:
2900:
2786:
2673:
2563:
2550:
2425:
2299:
2290:
2168:
2083:"The Epidemiology of Bile Acid Diarrhea in Denmark"
348:and are taken up by the liver and resecreted. This
192:
184:
174:
162:
146:
129:
113:
101:
93:
85:
77:
67:
57:
45:
37:
32:
1378:Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
826:Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1421:"Bile acid malabsorption: a forgotten diagnosis?"
1470:
1468:
1466:
1319:
1317:
1315:
815:
813:
761:
759:
637:
635:
633:
631:
384:is very efficient at absorbing the glyco- and
2267:
2048:The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1888:The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1886:placebo-controlled, phase 4 clinical trial".
390:apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
8:
2373:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
33:Bile acid diarrhea / Bile acid malabsorption
328:and are released after meals stimulated by
3393:
3044:
2560:
2412:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
2296:
2274:
2260:
2252:
2165:
1977:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
29:
2108:
2098:
1942:
1861:
1754:
1678:
1629:
1580:
1446:
1371:
1369:
1341:
1295:
1246:
1205:
1195:
1154:
1144:
1111:
1101:
1025:
937:
888:
878:
837:
793:
783:
669:
659:
388:-conjugated forms of the bile salts. The
1737:Wilcox C, Turner J, Green J (May 2014).
1014:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
964:Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
772:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
97:Primary or secondary or types 1, 2 and 3
627:
305:Enterohepatic circulation of bile salts
1824:"Bile acid malabsorption: colesevelam"
257:are common manifestations, often with
2640:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
1003:
1001:
918:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
522:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
422:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
404:) and the basolateral heterodimer of
360:, they stimulate water secretion and
253:, increased frequency and urgency of
124:small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
7:
861:Dawson, PA; Lan, T; Rao, A (2009).
376:Intestinal absorption of bile acids
368:, which causes symptoms of chronic
241:A persistent (chronic) history of
25:
3525:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3372:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
2046:non-inferiority clinical trial".
1653:Thaysen, EH; Pedersen, L (1976).
89:Chronic (longlasting, persistent)
3572:Gastrointestinal tract disorders
3270:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
1655:"Idiopathic bile acid catharsis"
1534:10.1097/00042737-199602000-00005
1343:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04081.x
722:Current Gastroenterology Reports
441:Dysmetabolism and gut microbiome
2511:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
2506:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
2383:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1801:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.027
398:ileal bile acid binding protein
3265:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
3115:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
2937:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
1:
3322:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2142:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002859
2060:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00198-4
1900:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00401-0
1716:10.1016/S0300-5089(21)00739-2
1631:10.1016/S0016-5085(67)80140-9
1439:10.7861/clinmedicine.10-2-124
508:Type 3: Secondary to various
332:. They are important for the
105:Surgical resection of ileum,
3577:Steatorrhea-related diseases
3231:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
2750:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
2358:Esophageal motility disorder
2024:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.002
1863:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.05.009
1276:Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol
1248:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.301
1146:10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.007
1103:10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.007
472:7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
428:Overproduction of bile acids
229:production. Treatment with
141:7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
1704:Clinics in Gastroenterology
1170:Sagar, NM (November 2020).
820:Hofmann AF (October 2009).
661:10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000116
73:Anxiety, fecal incontinence
3593:
3216:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
2740:Functional colonic disease
2536:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
1490:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309889
1229:Jeffery, IB (March 2020).
1188:10.1038/s41598-020-77374-7
976:10.1080/003655201750422693
880:10.1194/jlr.R900012-JLR200
400:(IBABP, ILBP, gene symbol
2417:Acute esophageal necrosis
1288:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.029
1063:10.3109/00365529209096030
1027:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.04.024
867:Journal of Lipid Research
785:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.062
734:10.1007/s11894-018-0615-z
699:. Springer. p. 226.
648:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
510:gastrointestinal diseases
392:(ASBT, IBAT, gene symbol
350:enterohepatic circulation
2516:Gastric dumping syndrome
2391:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2378:Diffuse esophageal spasm
1923:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1822:NICE (29 October 2013).
1743:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1569:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
1330:Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther
863:"Bile acid transporters"
616:gastrointestinal cancers
602:irritable bowel syndrome
340:of fats (lipids) in the
223:gastrointestinal disease
153:Irritable bowel syndrome
120:Pelvic radiation disease
3132:Alcoholic liver disease
2665:Bile acid malabsorption
2609:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
203:Bile acid malabsorption
18:Bile salt malabsorption
3562:Diseases of intestines
3142:Hepatic encephalopathy
2526:Buried bumper syndrome
2457:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
2341:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
2284:human digestive system
585:GLP-1 receptor agonist
546:Bile acid sequestrants
465:bile acid sequestrants
316:) are produced in the
231:bile acid sequestrants
188:1 in 100 of population
169:Bile acid sequestrants
148:Differential diagnosis
3367:Pancreatic pseudocyst
3236:Porcelain gallbladder
2348:Zenker's diverticulum
1789:Clinical Therapeutics
1671:10.1136/gut.17.12.965
526:radiation enteropathy
3171:Hepatorenal syndrome
3110:Budd–Chiari syndrome
3067:Autoimmune hepatitis
2892:Intestinal adhesions
2650:Short bowel syndrome
2479:Functional dyspepsia
2397:Esophageal stricture
2363:Nutcracker esophagus
2100:10.2147/CLEP.S442054
1612:Hofmann, AF (1967).
567:farnesoid X receptor
534:chronic pancreatitis
320:, secreted into the
3310:Choledocholithiasis
3181:Metabolic disorders
3147:Acute liver failure
3120:Portal hypertension
3072:Alcoholic hepatitis
2915:Radiation proctitis
2834:Mesenteric ischemia
2806:Gastroenterocolitis
2635:Blind loop syndrome
2445:Ménétrier's disease
2353:Barrett's esophagus
1241:(4): 1016–1028.e8.
1133:Gastro Hep Advances
1127:KĂĄrhus, ML (2022).
1090:Gastro Hep Advances
1084:KĂĄrhus, ML (2022).
418:intestinal motility
362:intestinal motility
247:Bristol stool scale
180:Good with treatment
157:microscopic colitis
3485:Undefined location
3476:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
3377:Pancreatic fistula
3360:Pancreatic abscess
3315:Biliary dyskinesia
3286:Mirizzi's syndrome
2787:Large and/or small
2467:Dieulafoy's lesion
2336:Boerhaave syndrome
2134:Am J Gastroenterol
259:fecal incontinence
249:), sometimes with
237:Signs and symptoms
211:bile acid diarrhea
135:Fecal bile acids,
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3385:
3384:
2987:
2986:
2844:Bowel obstruction
2546:
2545:
2249:
2248:
1989:10.1111/apt.15967
1935:10.1111/apt.12999
1756:10.1111/apt.12684
1582:10.1111/apt.12466
1484:(12): 1951–1959.
1426:Clinical Medicine
1390:10.1586/egh.10.54
930:10.1172/JCI119355
839:10.1586/egh.09.49
706:978-3-030-15573-5
209:), known also as
200:
199:
131:Diagnostic method
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3584:
3537:Pneumoperitoneum
3394:
3304:Common bile duct
3186:Wilson's disease
3176:Peliosis hepatis
3045:
2922:Proctalgia fugax
2829:Abdominal angina
2754:Ogilvie syndrome
2703:Pseudomembranous
2561:
2521:Gastric volvulus
2486:Pyloric stenosis
2297:
2282:Diseases of the
2276:
2269:
2262:
2253:
2166:
2154:
2153:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2012:Gastroenterology
2007:
2001:
2000:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1850:J Crohns Colitis
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1758:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1618:Gastroenterology
1609:
1603:
1602:
1584:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1321:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1235:Gastroenterology
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1105:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1005:
996:
995:
958:
952:
951:
941:
909:
903:
902:
892:
882:
858:
852:
851:
841:
817:
808:
807:
797:
787:
763:
754:
753:
717:
711:
710:
690:
684:
683:
673:
663:
639:
571:obeticholic acid
460:nuclear medicine
324:, stored in the
52:Gastroenterology
30:
21:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3506:
3495:Internal hernia
3381:
3326:
3291:Biliary fistula
3249:
3240:
3226:Adenomyomatosis
3221:Cholesterolosis
3197:
3191:Hemochromatosis
3062:Viral hepatitis
3034:
2983:
2941:
2927:Rectal prolapse
2896:
2863:Fecal impaction
2853:Intussusception
2816:Crohn's disease
2782:
2765:Toxic megacolon
2677:
2675:Large intestine
2669:
2614:Curling's ulcer
2567:
2565:Small intestine
2554:
2542:
2450:Gastroenteritis
2421:
2286:
2280:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2177:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2054:(10): 922–931.
2044:
2043:
2039:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1795:(11): 2549–58.
1785:
1784:
1780:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1020:(11): 1189–94.
1007:
1006:
999:
970:(10): 1077–80.
960:
959:
955:
911:
910:
906:
873:(12): 2340–57.
860:
859:
855:
819:
818:
811:
778:(1): 24–41.e1.
765:
764:
757:
719:
718:
714:
707:
692:
691:
687:
641:
640:
629:
624:
594:
543:
514:cholecystectomy
500:Crohn's disease
488:
470:Measurement of
452:
443:
430:
378:
358:large intestine
354:large intestine
342:small intestine
330:cholecystokinin
307:
302:
239:
107:cholecystectomy
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3590:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:Hemoperitoneum
3529:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3256:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3003:
3001:Blood in stool
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2974:Anal dysplasia
2971:
2966:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2841:
2839:Angiodysplasia
2836:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:Diverticulosis
2770:Diverticulitis
2767:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2660:Milroy disease
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Tropical sprue
2627:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2558:
2552:Lower GI tract
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2292:Upper GI tract
2288:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2220:
2209:
2194:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:Classification
2162:
2161:External links
2159:
2156:
2155:
2124:
2087:Clin Epidemiol
2073:
2037:
2018:(2): 569–571.
2002:
1983:(5): 808–820.
1966:
1913:
1894:(4): 321–331.
1877:
1856:(11): 1471–9.
1836:
1814:
1778:
1729:
1694:
1665:(12): 965–70.
1645:
1604:
1555:
1511:
1462:
1411:
1365:
1311:
1282:(10): 1232–9.
1262:
1221:
1162:
1139:(3): 299-312.
1119:
1096:(3): 299-312.
1076:
1041:
997:
953:
904:
853:
809:
755:
712:
705:
685:
654:(1): e000116.
626:
625:
623:
620:
593:
590:
550:Cholestyramine
542:
539:
538:
537:
530:celiac disease
506:
503:
487:
486:Classification
484:
451:
448:
442:
439:
429:
426:
377:
374:
322:biliary system
306:
303:
301:
298:
267:abdominal pain
238:
235:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
150:
144:
143:
133:
127:
126:
117:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3589:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:Diaphragmatic
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:Cholecystitis
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:Liver abscess
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:Liver failure
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2794:Enterocolitis
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:Malabsorption
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Gastroparesis
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Cushing ulcer
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Megaesophagus
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2093:: 1173–1181.
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1944:10044/1/21617
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1749:(9): 923–39.
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:(3): 567–82.
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1575:(8): 967–76.
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:(2): 117–23.
1527:
1523:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1336:(7): 707–17.
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:10044/1/87396
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
957:
954:
949:
945:
940:
935:
931:
927:
924:(8): 1880–7.
923:
919:
915:
908:
905:
900:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
854:
849:
845:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
816:
814:
810:
805:
801:
796:
795:10044/1/76745
791:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
762:
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
713:
708:
702:
698:
697:
689:
686:
681:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
634:
632:
628:
621:
619:
617:
612:
609:
605:
603:
598:
591:
589:
586:
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
501:
497:
496:
495:
493:
492:ileal disease
485:
483:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
461:
457:
449:
447:
440:
438:
436:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:(also called
311:
304:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:mental health
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
221:secondary to
220:
219:malabsorption
216:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
69:Complications
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3484:
3463:
3340:Pancreatitis
3302:
3252:biliary tree
3125:Nutmeg liver
3102:
3028:Hematochezia
2979:Pruritus ani
2964:Anal abscess
2959:Anal fistula
2955:Anal fissure
2868:Constipation
2822:
2693:Appendicitis
2664:
2501:Gastroptosis
2491:Achlorhydria
2330:
2319:Eosinophilic
2233:
2222:
2211:
2196:
2181:
2133:
2127:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1929:(1): 54–64.
1926:
1922:
1916:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1817:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1624:(4): 752–7.
1621:
1617:
1607:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1481:
1477:
1433:(2): 124–6.
1430:
1424:
1414:
1384:(5): 561–7.
1381:
1377:
1333:
1329:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1182:(1): 20436.
1179:
1175:
1165:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1017:
1013:
967:
963:
956:
921:
917:
907:
870:
866:
856:
832:(5): 461–4.
829:
825:
775:
771:
725:
721:
715:
695:
688:
651:
647:
613:
610:
606:
599:
595:
592:Epidemiology
579:
564:
558:
544:
489:
480:
469:
458:test. This
453:
444:
431:
401:
393:
379:
308:
300:Pathogenesis
280:, including
271:
240:
210:
206:
202:
201:
115:Risk factors
109:, idiopathic
3520:Peritonitis
3282:Cholestasis
3260:Cholangitis
3203:Gallbladder
3091:Fatty liver
3011:Hematemesis
2993:GI bleeding
2799:Necrotizing
2728:Lymphocytic
2723:Collagenous
2718:Microscopic
2655:Steatorrhea
2556:Enteropathy
2402:Inlet patch
2324:Herpetiform
2309:Esophagitis
581:Liraglutide
560:Colesevelam
414:portal vein
326:gallbladder
251:steatorrhea
78:Usual onset
38:Other names
3556:Categories
3512:Peritoneal
3490:Incisional
3411:Congenital
3355:Hereditary
3332:Pancreatic
3296:Haemobilia
2969:Hemorrhoid
2947:Anal canal
2885:Infectious
2873:Functional
2708:Ulcerative
2592:Duodenitis
2531:Gastrinoma
2235:DiseasesDB
622:References
575:Tropifexor
554:colestipol
512:including
338:absorption
314:bile salts
310:Bile acids
294:depression
278:well-being
255:defecation
164:Medication
3500:Richter's
3457:Spigelian
3452:Obturator
3442:Umbilical
3275:Ascending
3246:Bile duct
3079:Cirrhosis
3057:Hepatitis
3040:Accessory
2910:Proctitis
2761:Megacolon
2735:Dysentery
2645:Whipple's
2597:Jejunitis
2587:Enteritis
2474:Dyspepsia
2435:Gastritis
2368:Achalasia
2301:Esophagus
1829:17 August
1057:: 66–70.
992:218908622
728:(3): 10.
541:Treatment
450:Diagnosis
334:digestion
286:dizziness
227:bile acid
196:Non-fatal
185:Frequency
176:Prognosis
47:Specialty
3567:Diarrhea
3430:Indirect
3425:Inguinal
3159:Pyogenic
3104:Vascular
2880:Diarrhea
2858:Volvulus
2824:Vascular
2763: /
2752: /
2713:Ischemic
2680:Appendix
2570:Duodenum
2440:Atrophic
2314:Candidal
2150:38717021
2119:38089008
2110:10712339
2068:35868334
2032:30965026
1997:32702169
1961:44661338
1953:25329562
1908:36758570
1872:24953836
1809:20109999
1773:12016216
1765:24602022
1591:23981126
1550:23867181
1498:26347530
1457:20437979
1406:27123642
1398:20932141
1360:11327665
1352:19570102
1306:23644387
1257:31843589
1216:33235223
1156:11307667
1113:11307667
1036:19426836
984:11589382
899:19498215
848:19817666
804:31526844
742:29582208
680:28123771
569:agonist
518:vagotomy
370:diarrhea
263:bloating
243:diarrhea
215:diarrhea
86:Duration
59:Symptoms
3471:Petit's
3447:Femoral
3350:Chronic
3164:Amoebic
2932:Anismus
2698:Colitis
2625:Coeliac
2602:Ileitis
2574:Jejunum
2427:Stomach
2331:Rupture
2229:C567652
1724:3742841
1689:1017717
1680:1411224
1640:5337211
1599:6386339
1542:8723414
1506:3454888
1448:4952080
1297:3783593
1207:7686486
1176:Sci Rep
1071:1298051
948:9109432
890:2781307
750:4419631
671:5253456
394:SLC10A2
386:taurine
364:in the
290:anxiety
282:fatigue
81:Any age
3465:Lumbar
3435:Direct
3418:Hiatus
3398:Hernia
3250:Other
3016:Melena
2902:Rectum
2385:(GERD)
2218:613291
2148:
2117:
2107:
2066:
2030:
1995:
1959:
1951:
1906:
1870:
1807:
1771:
1763:
1722:
1687:
1677:
1638:
1597:
1589:
1548:
1540:
1504:
1496:
1455:
1445:
1404:
1396:
1358:
1350:
1304:
1294:
1255:
1214:
1204:
1153:
1110:
1069:
1034:
990:
982:
946:
939:508012
936:
897:
887:
846:
802:
748:
740:
703:
678:
668:
536:, etc.
456:SeHCAT
193:Deaths
137:SeHCAT
102:Causes
3390:Other
3345:Acute
3096:MASLD
3049:Liver
3023:Lower
3006:Upper
2848:Ileus
2684:Colon
2578:Ileum
2393:(LPR)
2207:579.8
2192:K90.8
1957:S2CID
1769:S2CID
1595:S2CID
1546:S2CID
1502:S2CID
1402:S2CID
1356:S2CID
988:S2CID
746:S2CID
476:FGF19
435:FGF19
402:FABP6
382:ileum
366:colon
346:ileum
318:liver
94:Types
2778:SCAD
2240:6650
2224:MeSH
2213:OMIM
2202:9-CM
2146:PMID
2115:PMID
2064:PMID
2028:PMID
1993:PMID
1949:PMID
1904:PMID
1868:PMID
1831:2014
1805:PMID
1761:PMID
1720:PMID
1685:PMID
1636:PMID
1587:PMID
1538:PMID
1494:PMID
1453:PMID
1394:PMID
1348:PMID
1302:PMID
1253:PMID
1212:PMID
1067:PMID
1032:PMID
980:PMID
944:PMID
895:PMID
844:PMID
800:PMID
738:PMID
701:ISBN
676:PMID
583:, a
565:The
552:and
410:OSTβ
408:and
406:OSTα
380:The
336:and
276:and
265:and
3084:PBC
2811:IBD
2745:IBS
2198:ICD
2183:ICD
2138:doi
2105:PMC
2095:doi
2056:doi
2020:doi
2016:157
1985:doi
1939:hdl
1931:doi
1896:doi
1858:doi
1797:doi
1751:doi
1712:doi
1675:PMC
1667:doi
1659:Gut
1626:doi
1577:doi
1530:doi
1486:doi
1478:Gut
1443:PMC
1435:doi
1386:doi
1338:doi
1292:PMC
1284:doi
1243:doi
1239:158
1202:PMC
1192:hdl
1184:doi
1151:PMC
1141:doi
1108:PMC
1098:doi
1059:doi
1055:194
1022:doi
972:doi
934:PMC
926:doi
885:PMC
875:doi
834:doi
790:hdl
780:doi
730:doi
666:PMC
656:doi
207:BAM
3558::
3248:/
2846::
2827::
2623::
2238::
2227::
2216::
2205::
2190::
2187:10
2144:.
2136:.
2113:.
2103:.
2091:15
2089:.
2085:.
2062:.
2050:.
2026:.
2014:.
1991:.
1981:52
1979:.
1955:.
1947:.
1937:.
1927:41
1925:.
1902:.
1890:.
1866:.
1852:.
1848:.
1803:.
1793:31
1791:.
1767:.
1759:.
1747:39
1745:.
1741:.
1718:.
1708:15
1706:.
1683:.
1673:.
1663:17
1661:.
1657:.
1634:.
1622:52
1620:.
1616:.
1593:.
1585:.
1573:38
1571:.
1567:.
1544:.
1536:.
1524:.
1500:.
1492:.
1482:65
1480:.
1465:^
1451:.
1441:.
1431:10
1429:.
1423:.
1400:.
1392:.
1380:.
1368:^
1354:.
1346:.
1334:30
1332:.
1328:.
1314:^
1300:.
1290:.
1280:11
1278:.
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1200:.
1190:.
1180:10
1178:.
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1149:.
1135:.
1131:.
1106:.
1092:.
1088:.
1065:.
1053:.
1030:.
1016:.
1012:.
1000:^
986:.
978:.
968:36
966:.
942:.
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920:.
916:.
893:.
883:.
871:50
869:.
865:.
842:.
828:.
824:.
812:^
798:.
788:.
776:18
774:.
770:.
758:^
744:.
736:.
726:20
724:.
674:.
664:.
650:.
646:.
630:^
618:.
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
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372:.
288:,
284:,
269:.
155:,
139:,
122:,
3284:/
2957:/
2776:/
2772:/
2686:)
2682:/
2678:(
2580:)
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2568:(
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2185:-
2175:D
2152:.
2140::
2121:.
2097::
2070:.
2058::
2052:7
2034:.
2022::
1999:.
1987::
1963:.
1941::
1933::
1910:.
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1833:.
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1073:.
1061::
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1024::
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205:(
20:)
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