139:
117:). Specifically, they emerge when the process of formation extends into the abnormal sites to form small keratinized cysts. They are generally harmless (asymptomatic) and do not cause discomfort, and they normally degenerate and involutes or rupture into the oral cavity within 2 weeks to 5 months after birth. Hence, they are not normally recognized and do not require medical treatment. It is estimated that the prevalence is higher than 50% in babies. Depending on their exact occurrence, the cysts can be classified into
188:
bluish hue due to the cystic fluid. Sometimes, it may occur in cluster, either unilaterally or bilaterally or on the lingual surface of the alveolar process. It is most commonly seen in the canine and premolar regions of the mandible, and are sometimes confused with lateral periodontal cysts. It is not normally problematic, but when it grows larger, it can cause some discomfort. It can be removed by simple surgical excision. They are developed late in life, generally up to the sixth decade of age.
180:
172:
48:
92:. It can be seen inside the mouth as small and whitish bulge. Depending on the ages in which they develop, the cysts are classified into gingival cyst of newborn (or infant) and gingival cyst of adult. Structurally, the cyst is lined by thin epithelium and shows a lumen usually filled with desquamated
187:
Gingival cyst of adult is a rare condition. The incidence is less than 0.5%. It is formed from the rests of dental lamina. It is found in the soft tissues on the buccal and labial portions of the jaw. It usually occurs on the facial gingiva as a single small flesh colored swelling, sometimes with a
129:
Epstein’s pearls were discovered by Alois
Epstein in 1880. They are palatal cysts found along the median palatal raphae and arise from the epithelium entangled along the line of fusion. They are small white or yellow cystic vesicles (1 to 3 mm in size) often seen in the median palatal raphe of
103:
in 1880. In 1886, a German physician
Heinrich Bohn described another type of cyst. Alfred Fromm introduced the classification of gingival cysts in 1967. According to him, gingival cysts of newborns can be further classified based on their specific origin of the tissues as Epstein’s pearls, Bohn’s
162:
and buccal parts of the dental ridges, away from the midline. These nodules are 1–3 mm in size, and filled with keratin. Bohn also classified cysts in the alveolar ridges as mucous gland cysts. However, a century later it was shown that these cysts are microkeratocysts.
112:
Gingival (alveolar) cysts of infants are mostly found in groups, but are frequently found as single nodules. They are present on the alveolar ridges. They are formed from fragments of dental lamina that remains within the alveolar ridge mucosa during tooth formation
675:
130:
the mouth of newborn infants (occur in 60-85% of newborns). They are typically seen on the roof of the mouth (palate) and are filled with keratin. They are caused by entrapped epithelium (fissural cyst) during the development of the palate.
465:
Monteagudo, Benigno; Labandeira, Javier; Cabanillas, Miguel; Acevedo, Antonio; León-Muiños, Elvira; Toribio, Jaime (2012). "Prevalence of Milia and
Palatal and Gingival Cysts in Spanish Newborns".
2729:
1880:
2724:
96:, occasionally containing inflammatory cells. The nodes are formed as a result of cystic degeneration of epithelial rests of the dental lamina (called the rests of Serres).
2062:
146:
Bohn’s nodules, described by
Heinrich Bohn in 1886 as "mucous gland cysts", are distributed over the junction of the hard and soft palate. They are derived from minor
1109:
121:
and alveolar cysts. Palatine cysts are those located at the mid-palatine raphe, while alveolar cysts are found on the buccal, lingual or crest of alveolar ridge.
2067:
535:
Moreillon, MC; Schroeder, HE (1982). "Numerical frequency of epithelial abnormalities, particularly microkeratocysts, in the developing human oral mucosa".
721:
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1892:
1843:
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219:
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1494:
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2410:
1838:
1818:
730:
2442:
2079:
1533:
365:
Lewis, D.M. (2010). "Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, and gingival cysts of the newborn: a new etiology and classification".
138:
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1400:
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1027:
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2012:
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2017:
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2052:
1956:
1427:
891:
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Paula, JD; Dezan, CC; Frossard, WT; Walter, LR; Pinto, LM (2011). "Oral and facial inclusion cysts in newborns".
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2420:
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2002:
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1997:
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1611:
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1215:
1124:
1042:
769:
508:
Larralde, M.; Luna, P.C. (2011). "Bening Oral
Neonatal Lesions". In Schachner, L.A.; Hansen, R.C. (eds.).
1308:
1032:
2493:
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2007:
1885:
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1082:
968:
913:
876:
866:
851:
781:
490:
2636:
2611:
2272:
208:
Browne, Roger M. (1991). "The
Classification of Odontogenic Cysts". In Browne, Roger M. (ed.).
2387:
1976:
1941:
1774:
1670:
1528:
1452:
1159:
1099:
1062:
1037:
886:
764:
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638:
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552:
515:
482:
447:
412:
374:
347:
320:
271:
215:
81:
60:
338:
Fromm, A. (1967). "Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules and inclusion-cysts of the oral cavity".
2357:
1992:
1982:
1946:
1855:
1606:
1545:
1479:
1469:
1417:
1315:
1210:
1047:
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618:
579:
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310:
302:
261:
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2513:
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1987:
1823:
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1631:
1501:
1405:
1373:
1344:
1266:
1192:
988:
871:
861:
806:
791:
147:
443:
408:
2679:
2631:
2601:
2469:
2400:
2367:
2089:
1828:
1562:
1442:
1237:
1022:
835:
633:
606:
583:
315:
290:
266:
241:
171:
2713:
2581:
2459:
2287:
2106:
1870:
1850:
1759:
1626:
1586:
1383:
1144:
1119:
1094:
1072:
856:
846:
811:
548:
478:
100:
85:
494:
2432:
2208:
2203:
2188:
2168:
2138:
1971:
1680:
1621:
1552:
1474:
1464:
1432:
1395:
1356:
1348:
963:
918:
903:
801:
796:
699:
257:
17:
509:
209:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2523:
2518:
2449:
1523:
1484:
1303:
1179:
1139:
1007:
928:
908:
155:
151:
89:
2586:
2372:
2198:
1966:
1796:
1737:
1675:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1591:
1574:
1518:
1489:
1410:
1271:
1249:
1134:
1114:
684:
623:
2454:
2437:
2173:
1951:
1754:
1378:
1261:
881:
776:
754:
306:
65:
642:
486:
416:
378:
324:
275:
47:
591:
556:
451:
351:
2464:
2415:
2183:
1936:
1917:
1897:
1718:
1596:
1540:
786:
667:
430:
Cataldo, E; Berkman, MD (1968). "Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns".
55:
Epstein's pearl shown in the roof of the mouth on a five-week-old infant
2550:
2508:
2193:
2153:
2047:
1921:
1710:
1077:
93:
2292:
1764:
1352:
947:
679:
118:
183:
Panoramal radiograph of GCA. Inset: no evidence of bone involvement.
570:
Moskow, BS; Bloom, A (1983). "Embryogenesis of the gingival cyst".
178:
170:
137:
88:
and is found in the mouth parts. It is a superficial cyst in the
2668:
2567:
2491:
2249:
2128:
1914:
1704:
1342:
1005:
945:
833:
741:
703:
514:(4 ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. pp. 308–309.
743:
605:
Malali, VijayalaxmiV; Satisha, TS; Jha, AK; Rath, SK (2012).
99:
Gingival cyst was first described by a Czech physician
246:
International
Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
657:
661:
59:
37:
32:
2143:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
289:Singh, RK; Kumar, R; Pandey, RK; Singh, K (2012).
2730:Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws
214:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 7–9.
2498:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
537:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology
1110:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
2068:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
715:
8:
211:Investigative Pathology of Odontogenic Cysts
611:Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
397:The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
2725:Cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region
2665:
2564:
2488:
2246:
2125:
1911:
1701:
1339:
1002:
942:
830:
738:
722:
708:
700:
658:
46:
29:
632:
622:
314:
291:"Dental lamina cysts in a newborn infant"
265:
432:American Journal of Diseases of Children
203:
201:
150:. They are found at the junction of the
2695:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
1844:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
390:
388:
197:
1881:As a manifestation of systemic disease
235:
233:
231:
142:Bohn's nodule in a nine-month-old baby
607:"Gingival cyst of adult: A rare case"
367:Journal - Oklahoma Dental Association
7:
1727:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
444:10.1001/archpedi.1968.02100020046006
240:Moda, Aman; Das, Usha Mohan (2011).
2378:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2221:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
409:10.17796/jcpd.31.2.rw3h853m3rk242q0
1495:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
979:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
584:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1983.tb02200.x
572:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
25:
340:Journal of Dentistry for Children
104:nodules and dental lamina cysts.
2597:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
2534:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2529:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2411:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
1839:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
1819:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
731:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
479:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01433.x
301:(bcr2012007061): bcr2012007061.
2443:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
2080:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
1534:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
2428:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2263:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
258:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1087
175:Gingival cyst of adult (arrow)
1:
2622:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2571:Soft tissues around the mouth
2268:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
1792:Gingival cyst of the newborn
1401:Failure of eruption of teeth
1105:Hand, foot and mouth disease
1090:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1028:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
974:Palatal cysts of the newborn
897:Transient lingual papillitis
549:10.1016/0030-4220(82)90485-6
2320:Salivary gland diverticulum
2283:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1294:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
1206:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
2746:
2330:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2278:HIV salivary gland disease
1787:Gingival cyst of the adult
1233:Oral florid papillomatosis
242:"Gingival Cyst of Newborn"
2675:
2664:
2577:
2569:Orofacial soft tissues –
2563:
2504:
2487:
2335:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2258:
2245:
2149:
2124:
2063:Bisphosphonate-associated
1957:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
1932:
1910:
1733:
1700:
1428:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
1364:
1338:
1018:
1001:
954:
941:
892:Median rhomboid glossitis
842:
829:
750:
737:
84:that originates from the
54:
45:
2642:Orofacial granulomatosis
2421:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2406:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2340:Salivary gland neoplasms
2131:Temporomandibular joints
2102:Periapical periodontitis
1834:Linear gingival erythema
1602:Regional odontodysplasia
1448:Enamel hypocalcification
624:10.4103/0972-124X.100933
2539:Obstructive sleep apnea
2305:Salivary duct stricture
2085:Paget's disease of bone
1582:Pulp canal obliteration
1423:Dentin hypersensitivity
1369:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1221:Squamous cell carcinoma
1201:Adenosquamous carcinoma
1188:Squamous cell papilloma
1165:Melanocytic oral lesion
307:10.1136/bcr-2012-007061
2685:Hemifacial hypertrophy
2652:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2325:Salivary gland fistula
2315:Salivary gland atresia
2310:Salivary gland aplasia
2164:Mandibular dislocation
2135:muscles of mastication
2013:Calcifying odontogenic
1642:Vertical root fracture
1637:Cracked tooth syndrome
1612:Shovel-shaped incisors
1507:Wisdom tooth impaction
1389:Early childhood caries
1255:Benign mucous membrane
1216:Spindle cell carcinoma
1125:Intraoral dental sinus
1043:Burning mouth syndrome
184:
176:
143:
2494:Stomatognathic system
2396:Acinic cell carcinoma
2018:Glandular odontogenic
1170:Molluscum contagiosum
511:Pediatric Dermatology
467:Pediatric Dermatology
182:
174:
141:
2637:Oral Crohn's disease
2592:Basal cell carcinoma
2231:Condylar hyperplasia
2216:Maxillary hypoplasia
1782:Gingival enlargement
1715:periodontal ligament
1321:Verruciform xanthoma
1053:Condyloma acuminatum
2647:Perioral dermatitis
2383:Pleomorphic adenoma
2363:Monomorphic adenoma
2353:Canalicular adenoma
2226:Condylar hypoplasia
2159:Condylar resorption
2003:Lateral periodontal
1962:Mandibular fracture
1861:Periodontal abscess
1458:Turner's hypoplasia
1226:Verrucous carcinoma
1175:Morsicatio buccarum
1155:Lupus erythematosus
1068:Erythema multiforme
984:Stomatitis nicotina
18:Bohn's nodules
2690:Facial hemiatrophy
2544:Periodic breathing
2475:Sjögren's syndrome
2348:Basal cell adenoma
2112:Torus mandibularis
2090:Periapical abscess
2073:Osteoradionecrosis
1998:Buccal bifurcation
1977:Intraosseous cysts
1866:Periodontal trauma
1770:Pyogenic granuloma
1617:Supernumerary root
1570:Pulp calcification
1558:Premature eruption
1529:Odontogenic tumors
1326:White sponge nevus
1299:Submucous fibrosis
1243:Smoker's melanosis
1130:Irritation fibroma
969:High-arched palate
877:Foliate papillitis
867:Cunnilingus tongue
852:Black hairy tongue
782:Congenital lip pit
185:
177:
144:
41:Dental lamina cyst
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2660:
2659:
2559:
2558:
2483:
2482:
2388:Sebaceous adenoma
2241:
2240:
2120:
2119:
2031:Median mandibular
2026:Nasopalatine duct
1942:Alveolar osteitis
1906:
1905:
1893:Perio-endo lesion
1775:Congenital epulis
1696:
1695:
1453:Enamel hypoplasia
1334:
1333:
1309:Riga–Fede disease
1160:Melanocytic nevus
1100:Hairy leukoplakia
1063:Epulis fissuratum
997:
996:
937:
936:
887:Geographic tongue
825:
824:
694:
693:
521:978-0-723-4366-52
221:978-0-8493-5038-2
82:cysts of the jaws
71:
70:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2737:
2666:
2565:
2489:
2358:Ductal papilloma
2247:
2126:
2023:Non-odontogenic:
2008:Globulomaxillary
1947:Buccal exostosis
1912:
1856:Peri-implantitis
1702:
1418:Dentin dysplasia
1340:
1316:Verruca vulgaris
1211:Mucosal melanoma
1058:Darier's disease
1033:Behçet's disease
1003:
959:Bednar's aphthae
943:
831:
817:Trumpeter's wart
739:
724:
717:
710:
701:
659:
647:
646:
636:
626:
602:
596:
595:
567:
561:
560:
532:
526:
525:
505:
499:
498:
462:
456:
455:
427:
421:
420:
392:
383:
382:
362:
356:
355:
335:
329:
328:
318:
295:BMJ Case Reports
286:
280:
279:
269:
237:
226:
225:
205:
76:, also known as
50:
30:
21:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2671:
2656:
2612:Ludwig's angina
2573:
2555:
2514:Mouth breathing
2500:
2479:
2300:Pneumoparotitis
2273:Frey's syndrome
2254:
2252:Salivary glands
2237:
2145:
2116:
2095:Phoenix abscess
1928:
1924:hard tissues –
1902:
1824:Hypercementosis
1743:Cementoblastoma
1729:
1692:
1406:Dens evaginatus
1360:
1330:
1282:Denture-related
1267:Plasmoacanthoma
1193:Keratoacanthoma
1014:
1012:Lining of mouth
993:
989:Torus palatinus
950:
933:
914:Lingual thyroid
872:Fissured tongue
862:Crenated tongue
838:
821:
807:Nasolabial cyst
792:Herpes labialis
746:
733:
728:
697:
695:
690:
689:
670:
656:
651:
650:
604:
603:
599:
569:
568:
564:
534:
533:
529:
522:
507:
506:
502:
464:
463:
459:
429:
428:
424:
394:
393:
386:
364:
363:
359:
337:
336:
332:
288:
287:
283:
239:
238:
229:
222:
207:
206:
199:
194:
169:
148:salivary glands
136:
127:
125:Epstein’s pearl
110:
90:alveolar mucosa
80:, is a type of
78:Epstein's pearl
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2680:Eagle syndrome
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Cystic hygroma
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2492:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2470:Sialolithiasis
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2401:Adenocarcinoma
2398:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Myoepithelioma
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2129:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:Traumatic bone
2038:
2036:Median palatal
2033:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1829:Hypocementosis
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:Neonatal teeth
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1443:Ectopic enamel
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1238:Oral melanosis
1235:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1038:Bohn's nodules
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Amalgam tattoo
1019:
1016:
1015:
1006:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
952:
951:
946:
939:
938:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
840:
839:
834:
827:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
751:
748:
747:
742:
735:
734:
729:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
692:
691:
688:
687:
671:
666:
665:
663:
662:Classification
655:
654:External links
652:
649:
648:
617:(3): 465–468.
597:
562:
527:
520:
500:
473:(3): 301–305.
457:
422:
403:(2): 127–129.
384:
357:
346:(4): 275–287.
330:
281:
227:
220:
196:
195:
193:
190:
168:
165:
135:
134:Bohn’s nodules
132:
126:
123:
109:
106:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2742:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:Actinomycosis
2580:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Sialodochitis
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:malocclusions
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Stafne defect
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:Osteonecrosis
2056:
2054:
2053:Osteomyelitis
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:Bones of jaws
1923:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:Periodontitis
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Pericoronitis
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Granulomatous
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Eruption cyst
1758:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Pulp necrosis
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:Dens in dente
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Discoloration
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Lichen planus
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Herpes zoster
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Fordyce spots
1093:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Erythroplakia
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
953:
949:
944:
940:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
857:Caviar tongue
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:Ankyloglossia
845:
844:
841:
837:
832:
828:
818:
815:
813:
812:Sun poisoning
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
698:
686:
682:
681:
677:
673:
672:
669:
664:
660:
653:
644:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
601:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:(2): 119–30.
577:
573:
566:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
531:
528:
523:
517:
513:
512:
504:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
361:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
331:
326:
322:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
285:
282:
277:
273:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
236:
234:
232:
228:
223:
217:
213:
212:
204:
202:
198:
191:
189:
181:
173:
166:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
140:
133:
131:
124:
122:
120:
116:
115:odontogenesis
107:
105:
102:
101:Alois Epstein
97:
95:
91:
87:
86:dental lamina
83:
79:
75:
74:Gingival cyst
67:
64:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
33:Gingival cyst
31:
19:
2570:
2497:
2433:Sialadenitis
2392:
2344:
2209:Scissor bite
2204:Retrognathia
2189:Overeruption
2169:Malocclusion
2142:
2022:
1981:
1972:Micrognathia
1925:
1916:Periapical,
1802:Desquamative
1726:
1707:Periodontium
1681:Acid erosion
1622:Taurodontism
1553:Open contact
1465:Enamel pearl
1433:Dilaceration
1396:Concrescence
1197:
1184:
1011:
964:Cleft palate
924:Microglossia
919:Macroglossia
904:Glossoptosis
802:Microcheilia
797:Macrocheilia
696:
674:
614:
610:
600:
575:
571:
565:
543:(1): 44–55.
540:
536:
530:
510:
503:
470:
466:
460:
438:(1): 44–48.
435:
431:
425:
400:
396:
373:(3): 32–33.
370:
366:
360:
343:
339:
333:
298:
294:
284:
252:(1): 83–84.
249:
245:
210:
186:
158:, and along
145:
128:
111:
98:
77:
73:
72:
2627:Microstomia
2617:Macrostomia
2607:Gnathophyma
2524:Catathrenia
2519:Sleep apnea
2450:Sialectasis
1993:Dentigerous
1983:Odontogenic
1812:Plasma cell
1748:Gigantiform
1524:Microdontia
1514:Macrodontia
1485:Hyperdontia
1180:Oral cancer
1140:Leukoplakia
1048:Candidiasis
1008:Oral mucosa
929:Rhabdomyoma
909:Hypoglossia
770:Plasma cell
156:soft palate
38:Other names
2720:Pediatrics
2714:Categories
2587:Angioedema
2393:Malignant:
2373:Oncocytoma
2199:Prognathia
1988:periapical
1967:Microgenia
1918:mandibular
1876:Aggressive
1797:Gingivitis
1738:Cementicle
1676:Abfraction
1666:Tooth wear
1659:Edentulism
1654:Tooth loss
1607:Resorption
1592:Pulp polyp
1575:Pulp stone
1519:Meth mouth
1490:Hypodontia
1480:Gemination
1411:Talon cusp
1304:Ulceration
1272:Stomatitis
1250:Pemphigoid
1198:Malignant:
1150:Linea alba
1135:Leukoedema
1115:Herpangina
1083:Giant-cell
192:References
2455:Sialocele
2438:Parotitis
2179:Open bite
2174:Crossbite
1952:Cherubism
1922:maxillary
1755:Cementoma
1686:Attrition
1502:Impaction
1470:Fluorosis
1379:Anodontia
1374:Ankylosis
1262:Pemphigus
882:Glossitis
777:Cleft lip
755:Cheilitis
66:Dentistry
61:Specialty
2465:Sialosis
2416:Lymphoma
2288:Mucocele
2184:Overbite
1937:Agnathia
1898:Teething
1723:alveolus
1719:cementum
1671:Abrasion
1647:Occlusal
1632:Avulsion
1597:Pulpitis
1541:Odontoma
1287:Herpetic
1277:Aphthous
787:Eclabium
643:13245066
495:20702448
487:21995277
417:17315809
379:20397339
325:23048002
276:27616865
2551:Snoring
2509:Bruxism
2345:Benign:
2194:Overjet
2154:Bruxism
2048:Osteoma
1886:Chronic
1711:gingiva
1185:Benign:
1078:Fibroma
765:Angular
760:Actinic
634:3498724
592:6573338
557:6172766
452:5657354
352:5342399
316:4544414
267:4999644
160:lingual
119:palatal
94:keratin
2293:Ranula
1765:Epulis
1627:Trauma
1475:Fusion
1384:Caries
1357:enamel
1353:dentin
948:Palate
836:Tongue
641:
631:
590:
555:
518:
493:
485:
450:
415:
377:
350:
323:
313:
274:
264:
218:
167:Adults
108:Babies
2670:Other
1345:Teeth
685:K09.0
491:S2CID
2632:Noma
2137:and
1920:and
1725:) –
1349:pulp
744:Lips
639:PMID
588:PMID
553:PMID
516:ISBN
483:PMID
448:PMID
413:PMID
375:PMID
348:PMID
321:PMID
299:2012
272:PMID
216:ISBN
154:and
152:hard
676:ICD
629:PMC
619:doi
580:doi
545:doi
475:doi
440:doi
436:116
405:doi
371:101
311:PMC
303:doi
262:PMC
254:doi
2716::
2496:–
2141:–
2133:,
1721:,
1717:,
1713:,
1355:,
1351:,
1010:–
683::
680:10
637:.
627:.
615:16
613:.
609:.
586:.
576:10
574:.
551:.
541:53
539:.
489:.
481:.
471:29
469:.
446:.
434:.
411:.
401:31
399:.
387:^
369:.
344:34
342:.
319:.
309:.
297:.
293:.
270:.
260:.
248:.
244:.
230:^
200:^
1985::
1709:(
1359:)
1347:(
723:e
716:t
709:v
678:-
668:D
645:.
621::
594:.
582::
559:.
547::
524:.
497:.
477::
454:.
442::
419:.
407::
381:.
354:.
327:.
305::
278:.
256::
250:4
224:.
113:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
