196:(CETA) program was created. Signed into law by Richard Nixon in December 1973, it started modestly but expanded rapidly, reaching a peak budget of $ 12 billion in the late 1970s, during the Jimmy Carter administration. One of the CETA funding categories, Title VI, provided for "cyclically unemployed" professionals, which included artists (visual, performing and literary). In 1974, the first CETA program designed to employ artists was created in San Francisco, This became a model for other cities. Outside of these projects, a number of artists and arts administrators were hired with CETA funding through direct assignment of positions by state and municipal governments. In all, more than 10,000 positions were created nationally before CETA was defunded by the Reagan administration after 1980.
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residencies and exhibitions.” Minimum numbers were specified for each activity. Among the community organizations requesting one or more CETA artists were schools, cultural centers and museums, community centers, senior centers, civic and historical associations, city and borough agencies. The CCF project more than met its contractual obligations during its first year, doubling the expected performance in most categories. When it was reauthorized for 1979, the number of funded artists was increased from 300 to 325.
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the previous year. The project paid participants $ 10,000 per year, with benefits (seen as a very generous salary by artists at the time). They were assigned to work in community and project assignments four days per week; the fifth day was meant to be used for studio time and self-initiated projects. Two of the artists hired,
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The majority of artists were assigned directly to community organizations. Others worked in media-specific teams (such as FIVF's film crews) or in performing companies (such as the Black
Theater Alliance). Some were commissioned to do public works such as murals. A group of writers and poets became
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Upon the announcement of the NYC CCF project in late 1977, more than 4000 artists applied for the 300 available positions. To be eligible, they had to demonstrate both their accomplishment as artists (through reviews by professional panels) and the fact that they had received virtually no income in
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Forty years later, only a few CETA public art projects remain. Most visible among these are two ceramic murals in
Brooklyn’s Clark Street subway station. (The artists were Johan Selenraad and Alan Samalin; realization in ceramic was by Joe Stallone). Four successful and popular murals installed at
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In New York City, the artists were placed with hundreds of community sponsors for whom they taught classes, led workshops, developed public artworks, gave musical and theatrical performances, and performed community documentation. In exchange, they received a generous salary, benefits, and one day
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Several times during the project, CETA artists demonstrated publicly both to support continued CETA funding at the federal level and to urge the City of New York to extend its contract with CCF. Nevertheless, by the beginning of 1980, CETA funding was disappearing and the CCF Artists
Project was
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CCF’s contract with the
Department of Employment called for the artists to engage in “classes, workshops and master classes, lectures and demonstrations, consultancies, design services, literary services, theater services, performances, creation of new works (such as murals, dances, plays),
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in New York City employed approximately 500 accomplished but underemployed artists in five programs, the largest of which (employing 325 artists and 32 administrators during its second year) was the
Cultural Council Foundation (CCF) Artists Project. The project was funded under the
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as a silent partner. The CCF Artists
Project was active from 1978 through early 1980. Its artists fulfilled thousands of community assignments; created hundreds of public artworks, and gave scores of musical, dance and theatrical performances free to the public.
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per week to work in their studio or on independent creative projects. Many of the participating artists — and project administrators — went on to successful careers in the arts after CETA funding cutbacks forced the termination of the project in 1980.
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In 1977, five CETA Title VI artists projects were created in New York City employing over 500 artists. Two hundred of these artists were part of programs administered by four cultural nonprofits: Hospital
Audiences,
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in 1977). Geldzahler appeared at many project events and spoke at one of the CCF project's regular meetings (at which the artists were updated on project issues and given their paychecks).
328:; dancers Martha Bowers and Vic Stornant. Some of the project’s administrators also achieved subsequent success: project director Rochelle Slovin became the founding director of the
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The NYC arts establishment was generally supportive of the CETA artists projects. One of the most visible figures was the city's relatively new commissioner of cultural affairs,
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CCF itself directly oversaw most of the artists in its project, but others reported to one of seven subcontractors: the
Association of American Dance Companies,
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284:, which thoroughly documents the history of the project. Many of its images were made by the three photographers of the documentation unit, George Malave,
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and the
Theater for the Forgotten. The largest project, with 300 artists, was administered by the nonprofit Cultural Council Foundation, with the city's
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In 2017, New York City recognized CETA's impact on the arts when it highlighted the program as a case study in Mayor Bill de Blasio's
Cultural Plan,
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gained fame as a dancer/choreographer, coordinator Suzanne Randolph became a widely recognized arts consultant, and Associate Director
674:"Architectural Tiles, Glass And Ornamentation In New York: Public Art Programs In New York City: The Ceta Tile Murals At Clark Street"
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Colleen Hooper, “Ballerinas on the Dole: Dance and the U.S. Comprehensive Employment Training Act (CETA), 1974–1982,"
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Remembering 'Commuter Landscape,' a PATH Station Mural Destroyed in the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing
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attacks. The Archives of the City of New York houses historical materials from and about the project.
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Numerous artists employed in the CCF project went on to successful careers. Among them: sculptors
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623:"WHAT'S GOING ON? - DAWOUD BEY'S BLOG: Obama and the Arts - Looking Back to Look Forward"
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Artists Project: On the identification and utilization of largely untapped resources
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During the severe unemployment crisis in the U.S. during the mid-1970s, the federal
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Artists Project: on the documentation and utilization of largely untapped resources
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CETA and the Arts: Analyzing the Results of a Groundbreaking Federal Job Program
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170:. This was the largest number of artists supported by Federal funding since the
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166:(1974–80) when more than 10,000 artists – visual, performing, and literary –
708:"ArchiveGrid : Cultural Council Foundation's Artist Project 1977-1980"
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forced to close. One of its last acts was the publication of the book
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artist relief, art jobs program, federal artist employment, public art
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NYC Cultural Council Foundation and NYC Department of Cultural Affairs
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and Joseph Delaney, had been in the WPA project forty years earlier.
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Ronald Smothers, "CETA Cutbacks Leaving Thousands Unemployed,"
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and later of the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council; coordinator
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Could a Nixon-era employment scheme get artists back to work?
581:"Christy Rupp on Rats, Geese, and the Ecology of Public Art"
602:"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | James Biederman"
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332:; coordinator Liz Thompson became the director of the
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Pub. L. 93-203 Job Training and Community Services Act
245:, the Foundation for Independent Video and Film. The
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S. 1559, the Job Training and Community Services Act
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42:Cultural Council Foundation (CCF) Artists Project
507:Artists' Magazines: An Alternative Space for Art
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416:Linda Frye Burnham and Steven Durland, editors,
373:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA)
164:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA)
132:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA)
729:CreateNYC: A Cultural Plan for All New Yorkers
648:, Volume 49, Issue 3, December 2017, pp. 70-89
556:"Despite Cuts, U.S. Hopes To Expand CETA Arts"
497:, Cultural Council Foundation, New York, 1980
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754:, "The Forgotten Federally Employed Artists"
625:. Whatsgoingon-dawoudbeysblog.blogspot.com
344:founded the SUNY-Buffalo Poetics Program.
534:"What the Big 3 Said to the CETA Artists"
522:, Plenum Press, New York, 1980 pp 122-123
466:"City Information, Services and Programs"
194:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
509:, Gwen Allen, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2011
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247:Foundation for the Community of Artists
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378:CETA Employment of Artists (1974-1981)
188:CETA Employment of Artists (1974-1981)
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697:," 9/11 Memorial Museum, New York, NY
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554:Fraser, C. Gerald (22 August 1979).
746:"CCF CETA Artists Project Website"
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798:Unemployment in the United States
272:the mobile "Words to Go" troupe.
452:, April 11, 1981, Section 1, p.1
159:CETA Artists Project (1977–1980)
583:. Hyperallergic.com. 2015-02-20
304:and James Biederman; painters
215:Department of Cultural Affairs
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676:. Tilesinnewyork.blogspot.com
672:Michael Padwee (2013-04-01).
399:. Peter Barnes. 16 March 1975
334:Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
172:Works Progress Administration
316:; filmmaker and TV producer
239:Association of Hispanic Arts
803:Public art in New York City
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773:1970s in the United States
330:Museum of the Moving Image
200:CETA Artists Project (NYC)
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19:CETA Artists Project (NYC)
532:Judd Tully (1978-01-01).
468:. NYC.gov. Archived from
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768:Culture of New York City
211:American Jewish Congress
168:were employed nationally
732:, July 19, 2017, p. 74.
397:"Bringing Back the WPA"
122:President Ronald Reagan
62:President Richard Nixon
793:1970s in New York City
659:"CETA Artists Project"
645:Dance Research Journal
312:; photographic artist
298:Ursula von Rydingsvard
243:Black Theatre Alliance
112:Senator Gaylord Nelson
788:1980 in New York City
783:1979 in New York City
778:1978 in New York City
235:Brooklyn Philharmonia
604:. Gf.org. 2016-07-14
431:Margaret Carrigan, "
264:(appointed by mayor
77:Administered by
710:. Beta.worldcat.org
520:Grants for the Arts
518:Virginia P. White,
422:eBook, location 126
127:Related legislation
85:Legislative history
560:The New York Times
354:September 11, 2001
437:The Art Newspaper
350:February 26, 1993
342:Charles Bernstein
338:Blondell Cummings
288:and Sarah Wells.
255:Art & Artists
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565:18 December
306:Hunt Slonem
207:La Mama ETC
117:Repealed by
762:Categories
714:2016-07-25
680:2016-07-25
629:2016-07-25
608:2016-07-25
587:2016-07-25
540:2016-07-25
476:2016-07-25
403:2016-07-25
384:References
322:Bob Holman
318:Marc Levin
314:Dawoud Bey
231:Jazzmobile
186:See also:
34:Long title
361:CreateNYC
68:Effective
367:See also
352:and the
320:; poets
151:Repealed
137:Keywords
266:Ed Koch
182:History
148:Status:
51:Enacted
292:Legacy
241:, the
237:, the
233:, the
209:, the
93:title
567:2018
324:and
308:and
91:Bill
72:1977
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