153:. These four genes are known to be somatically mutated in cancer. Since its creation, the database has expanded rapidly. By 2005 COSMIC contained 529 genes screened from 115,327 tumours, describing 20,981 mutations. By August 2009 it contained information from 1.5 million experiments performed, encompassing 13,423 genes in almost 370,000 tumours and describing over 90,000 mutations. COSMIC version 48, released in July 2010, incorporates mutation data from
203:
1426:
997:
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are collected from the literature. The list of genes that undergo manual curation are identified by their presence in the Cancer Gene Census. Secondly, data for inclusion in the database is collected from whole genome resequencing studies of cancer samples undertaken by the Cancer Genome
Project. For
193:
box. Results show summary information with mutation counts and frequencies. The gene summary page provides a mutation spectrum map and external resources; the phenotype (tissue) summary page provides lists of mutated genes.
235:
which led to the identification of 103 somatic DNA rearrangements. COSMIC also catalogues mutational signatures in human cancer through the COSMIC Signatures group, which represents a collaboration between COSMIC, the
244:. The COSMIC signatures database has been leveraged to catalogue the prevalence of specific mutational signatures in human cancer, such as the frequency of ultraviolet radiation-mediated mutagenesis in skin cancers.
168:
The website is focused on presenting complex phenotype-specific mutation data in a graphical manner. Data is taken from selected genes, initially in the Cancer Gene Census, as well as literature search from
226:
The COSMIC database contains thousands of somatic mutations that are implicated in the development of cancer. The database collects information from two major sources. Firstly, mutations in known
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The COSMIC (Catalogue of
Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database was designed to collect and display information on somatic mutations in cancer. It was launched in 2004, with data from just four
935:
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builds. This release includes data from over 2.76 million experiments on over half a million tumours. The number of mutations documented in this release totals 141,212.
1038:
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719:"Identification of somatically acquired rearrangements in cancer using genome-wide massively parallel paired-end sequencing"
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569:"COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer): a resource to investigate acquired mutations in human cancer"
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Forbes SA, Bhamra G, Bamford S, Dawson E, Kok C, Clements J, Menzies A, Teague JW, Futreal PA, Stratton MR (2008).
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example, Campbell and colleagues used next generation sequencing to examine samples from two individuals with
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125:. The database is freely available to academic researchers and commercially licensed to others.
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Campbell PJ, Stephens PJ, Pleasance ED, O'Meara S, Li H, Santarius T, et al. (June 2008).
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Mata DA, Williams EA, Sokol E, Oxnard GR, Fleischmann Z, Tse JY, Decker B (March 2022).
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Futreal PA, Coin L, Marshall M, Down T, Hubbard T, Wooster R, et al. (March 2004).
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Bamford S, Dawson E, Forbes S, Clements J, Pettett R, Dogan A, et al. (July 2004).
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Forbes S, Clements J, Dawson E, Bamford S, Webb T, Dogan A, et al. (January 2006).
279:"COSMIC: mining complete cancer genomes in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer"
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Forbes SA, Tang G, Bindal N, Bamford S, Dawson E, Cole C, et al. (January 2010).
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Forbes SA, Bindal N, Bamford S, Cole C, Kok CY, Beare D, et al. (January 2011).
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gene, which is a tumor suppressor that leads to cancer when it is inactivated.
161:. In addition, it provided updated gene co-ordinates for the most recent human
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490:"The COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database and website"
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768:"Prevalence of UV Mutational Signatures Among Cutaneous Primary Tumors"
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Data can be accessed via selection of a gene or cancer tissue type (
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cells that are not inherited by children. COSMIC, an acronym of
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Atlas of
Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
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Cancer genome anatomy project at the
National Cancer Institute
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Sainsbury
Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour
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MethyCancer, a database of human DNA methylation and cancer
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The
Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC)
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978:Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine
539:Biomedical informatics in translational research
105:. Somatic mutations are those that occur in non-
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856:COSMIC in the bioinformatics.ca Links Directory
628:. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. 27 July 2010
206:A histogram showing the mutation range for the
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117:and large scale experimental screens from the
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351:. Vol. Chapter 10. pp. Unit 10.11.
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83:http://www.sanger.ac.uk/science/tools/cosmic
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210:gene as produced by the COSMIC database.
111:Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer
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113:, curates data from papers in the
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670:"A census of human cancer genes"
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948:WTC for Molecular Parasitology
945:WTC for Mitochondrial Research
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1486:South Cambridgeshire District
579:(Database issue): D652–D657.
289:(Database issue): D945–D950.
931:WTC for Cell-Matrix Research
357:10.1002/0471142905.hg1011s57
1076:Genome Reference Consortium
1024:Cambridge Biomedical Campus
824:WTSI page describing COSMIC
468:"The COSMIC licensing page"
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957:WTC for Stem Cell Research
537:Hu H, et al. (2008).
157:in collaboration with the
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1184:Executive leadership team
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962:Wellcome Sanger Institute
494:British Journal of Cancer
424:British Journal of Cancer
238:Wellcome Sanger Institute
93:is an online database of
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926:Science Learning Centres
1456:Cancer genome databases
1383:Science Strategic Award
1142:Eliza Manningham-Buller
1005:Projects and facilities
913:Francis Crick Institute
16:Online biology database
1365:Awards and fellowships
1116:Wellcome Genome Campus
1044:COSMIC cancer database
941:WTC for Human Genetics
899:Centres and institutes
674:Nature Reviews. Cancer
573:Nucleic Acids Research
506:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601894
436:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602928
283:Nucleic Acids Research
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1407:Wellcome Trust Centre
1404:Wellcome Image Awards
1029:Cancer Genome Project
327:"The COSMIC homepage"
259:Cancer Genome Project
214:The figure shows the
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119:Cancer Genome Project
115:scientific literature
1451:Biological databases
1081:Human Genome Project
1054:Diamond Light Source
1012:1000 Genomes Project
952:WTC for Neuroimaging
648:"Cancer Gene Census"
622:"COSMIC v48 Release"
129:Creation and history
1400:Wellcome Book Prize
1392:Sir Henry Wellcome
1111:Wellcome Collection
849:27 May 2010 at the
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1207:Peter Pereira Gray
1135:Board of governors
829:IARC TP53 database
585:10.1093/nar/gkp995
295:10.1093/nar/gkq929
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1346:David Stuart
1326:Anne Johnson
1264:Mark Walport
1228:James Thomas
1175:Fiona Powrie
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228:cancer genes
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66:Release date
18:
1341:David Steel
1336:Peter Rigby
1311:Roger Gibbs
1296:Harold Cook
1266:(2003–2013)
1260:(1998–2008)
1254:(1991–1998)
1248:(1965–1991)
1222:Kathy Poole
1219:Nick Moakes
1018:Big Picture
632:1 September
473:6 September
233:lung cancer
95:somatically
41:Description
1445:Categories
1396:Fellowship
1388:Fellowship
1331:Roy Porter
1316:Henry Dale
1301:Kay Davies
1231:Ed Whiting
1216:Tim Livett
1204:Alyson Fox
1195:Chris Bird
1156:Alan Brown
1106:UK Biobank
265:References
240:, and the
1225:Jim Smith
653:31 August
403:ignored (
393:cite book
187:browse by
183:phenotype
99:mutations
97:acquired
1431:Category
1126:WormBase
1071:Farmcare
1049:DECIPHER
847:Archived
820:homepage
802:35319765
753:18438408
704:14993899
603:19906727
524:15188009
454:16421597
385:18428421
313:20952405
248:See also
222:Contents
198:Examples
107:germline
1066:Ensembl
906:Current
793:8943639
744:2705838
695:2665285
594:2808858
515:2409828
445:2361125
376:2705836
332:11 June
304:3013785
177:Process
121:at the
79:Website
49:Contact
36:Content
1091:MEROPS
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971:Former
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216:CDKN2A
208:CDKN2A
191:search
171:PubMed
103:cancer
91:COSMIC
74:Access
22:COSMIC
1060:eLife
143:KRAS2
135:genes
1101:Rfam
1096:Pfam
798:PMID
749:PMID
700:PMID
655:2010
634:2010
599:PMID
543:ISBN
520:PMID
475:2017
450:PMID
405:help
381:PMID
361:ISBN
334:2012
309:PMID
151:BRAF
149:and
147:NRAS
139:HRAS
788:PMC
780:doi
739:PMC
731:doi
690:PMC
682:doi
589:PMC
581:doi
510:PMC
502:doi
440:PMC
432:doi
371:PMC
353:doi
299:PMC
291:doi
155:p53
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