1949:, who perceived a need for greater administrative skill in the growing Prussian bureaucracy. Cameralist teachings departed from the traditional legal and experience-based education usually given to civil servants and focused instead on a broad overview of classical philosophy, natural sciences and economic practices such as husbandry, farming, mining and accounting. However, provision of a cameralist education was also directed towards the gentry as a way to instill the values of thrift and prudence among landowners, thus increasing incomes from their estates. Prussian cameralism was focused on the state, enhancing its efficiency and increasing its revenue through strengthening the power of the developing bureaucracy, by means of standardisation of both the bureaucracy’s own practices as well as the economy, enabling greater extraction of wealth. There is, however, considerable debate about whether cameralist policy reflected the stated goals of academic cameralism.
298:(1717-1771), who linked Cameralism and the idea of natural law with each other. However, most cameralists were practitioners, not academics, and worked in the burgeoning bureaucracies sometimes supporting and other times shunning the science. Whether Cameralism was a technology that was applied to the different branches of the state and the economy decisively shaping it or whether it was a university science has been a major debate in modern research of Cameralism. Much debate has traditionally centered on exactly which writings classify as Cameralism. However, the work of Keith Tribe, who holds cameralism to be a university science disconnected from the actual activities of the administrators, sparked a counter-reaction and shifted the debate to include the practitioners of Cameralism. The shift is evident in the work of David Lindenfeld and Andre Wakefield, which illustrates the dynamics between theory and practice among cameralists.
2782:. The Swedish example shows how cameralism, as a part of the early modern concept of economy, gave rise to a wide range of activity today associated with public and social policy. Around the highly developed Swedish bureaucracy coalesced a structure of entrepreneurs, educators and scientists that strove to mobilise the resources of the country for the betterment of the population and strengthening of the state. Cameralism in this sense fostered a cadre of naturalists and administrators serving as experts engaging in economic activity, that were not necessarily administrative officials, although, associated with the state and utilising the well developed administration. In Sweden, this is exemplified by the botanist
341:
1980:
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1882:
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222:, both public, private and by extension the state itself. Thus, oeconomics was a broader domain in which the investigation of nature merged seamlessly with concerns for material and moral well-being, in which the inter-dependence of urban and rural productivity was appreciated and stewarded, in which "improvement" was simultaneously directed toward increasing the yields of agriculture, manufacturing and
1894:
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outlived the rest of the science. The system has been deemed suitable for bookkeeping under conditions posed by public enterprises or services, such as constructing and maintaining infrastructure, and providing healthcare or education, since these services, if paid for, constitute a form of indirect taxation rather than a transaction on an open market.
58:
229:
This further shaped cameralism as a wide discipline aimed at creating an overview of knowledge needed by an enlightened administrator. It also illustrates that practitioners of cameralism were a heterogeneous group that not only served the interest of the state but also that of the growing cadres of
301:
Although the precise legacy and nature of
Cameralism remains disputed, it has affected modern public finance, not only by shaping the formation of state administration but also by giving rise to cameralistic accounting, a particular system predominately used in the German public sector which has
137:
The growing power of centralized state control necessitated centralized systematic information on the nation. A major innovation was the collection, use and interpretation of numerical and statistical data, ranging from trade statistics, harvest reports, and death notices to population censuses.
305:
Justi based much of his inspiration for cameralistic studies to contemporary accounts of the
Chinese imperial bureaucracy. The growth of cameralist studies, which played an important role in Prussian civil service training, may be traced to Justi's admiration for the
3613:
J. Christiaens & J. Rommel, 2006. "Governmental
Accounting Reforms: Going Back Where We Belong?," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 06/398, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business
122:. The discipline in its most narrow definition concerned the management of the state's finances. Throughout the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, cameralism was influential in Northern European states—for example, in
2794:
feeds, and to find domestic substitute for imports such as coffee, projects that even though they were failures entrenched the role of the scientist and the expert as a useful instrument of state interests.
138:
Starting in the 1760s, officials in France and
Germany began increasingly to rely on quantitative data for systematic planning, especially regarding long-term economic growth. It combined the
218:, the state administration. Cameralism was associated with the early modern term oeconomics, which had a broader meaning than the modern term economics as it entailed the stewardship of
3660:
130:—and its academics and practitioners were pioneers in economic, environmental, and administrative knowledge and technology; for example, cameralist accounting, still used in
2906:
An economic theory prevalent in 18th-cent. Germany, which advocated a strong public administration managing a centralized economy primarily for the benefit of the state.
1924:
2757:
230:
academics, scientists and technological experts striving for the favour of the state in order to further their own interests as well as being oeconomic patriots.
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because it was a method aimed at increasing the efficiency of cameralists—not only referring to the academics devoted to the science but to those employed in the
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was not strictly economic, but designated all that encompassed the relationship between the state and society, with a goal of certain social outcomes.
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and his pupils, who were prominent advocates of cameralism and strove both to cultivate foreign cash crops such as tea and the
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1961:
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referred to the actual implementation of government policy- in a way it was the study of tools that the government might use.
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146:" with the new ideas being developed in economics. In Germany and France, the trend was especially strong in cameralism and
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of China. Justi, like other cameralists, also lauded many
Chinese public policies apart from its administrative system.
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and a strong state-directed economic life. However, cameralism was developed with regard to the
1979:
1937:
The first academic chairs in the cameral sciences were created at the
Prussian Universities of
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Andre
Wakefield (2009), The Disordered Police State: German Cameralism as Science and Practice
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889:
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3248:
Walter W. Davis (1983). "China, the
Confucian Ideal, and the European Age of Enlightenment".
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3499:"Practicing economy during the second half of the long eighteenth century: an introduction"
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Cameralism gained traction in Sweden after the country had lost most of its possessions in
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Wakefield, Andre (2005-05-01). "Books, Bureaus, and the
Historiography of Cameralism".
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does not accurately portray the scope of the body of knowledge included in cameralism.
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Cameralism distinguished between three subfields: cameral, oeconomie, and polizei (or
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in the 18th and early 19th centuries that aimed at strong management of a centralized
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35:
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from the colonial periphery. Furthermore, defining cameralism as an early modern
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designated the science of public finance, administered for the state's benefit.
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150:. According to David F. Lindenfeld, it was divided into three: public finance,
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and beyond. Professorial chairs in
Cameralism were also created in Sweden and
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During the 18th century cameralism spread through the lands of Prussia, the
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246:, which has sometimes caused cameralism to be viewed as a German version of
219:
163:
3381:
3364:
3348:"Rival Ecologies of Global Commerce: Adam Smith and the Natural Historians"
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There are some similarities between cameralism as an economic theory and
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17:
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The Practical Imagination: German Science of State in the 19th Century
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Cameralism as a science is closely connected with the development of
127:
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3226:
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635:
271:
3460:
Monsen, Norvald (2002-02-01). "The Case for Cameral Accounting".
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2032:
1690:
626:
487:
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3213:
Johanna M. Menzel (1956). "The Sinophilism of J. H. G. Justi".
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3043:
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Lars Behrisch, "Statistics and Politics in the 18th Century".
51:
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79:
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Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung
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294:Foremost among the professors in cameralism was
27:18th-century German centralist economic theory
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266:, whereas mercantilism relied on access to
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3462:Financial Accountability & Management
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3346:Jonsson, Fredrik Albritton (2010-12-01).
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2900:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
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2885:
1968:
329:
3603:Albion Small (1909), The Cameralists.
3200:
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262:and attempted to substitute the whole
38:. For three-chamber legislatures, see
3824:Marxian critique of political economy
3562:European Journal of Law and Economics
3164:
3116:
2894:"Definition of cameralism in English"
1466:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1024:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
202:Influence on early modern development
30:For single-chamber legislatures, see
7:
3607:, Chicago: The University of Chicago
3605:The Pioneers of German Social Policy
80:move details into the article's body
34:. For two-chamber legislatures, see
1014:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
25:
2860:Johann Heinrich Gottlob von Justi
1474:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
1054:Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man
260:German states of the 18th century
4128:History of macroeconomic thought
3953:Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
3624:
2725:
2713:
1978:
1892:
1880:
727:Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918
339:
56:
3250:Journal of the History of Ideas
3215:Journal of the History of Ideas
3005:from the original on 2023-06-06
2778:region after its defeat in the
178:Cameral, oeconomie, and polizei
4209:Frederick William I of Prussia
3545:. Cambridge University Press.
3391:"Linnaeus' Floral Transplants"
3389:Koerner, Lisbet (1994-07-01).
3352:The American Historical Review
2172:Peasant armament support march
1813:Die Freischwebende Intelligenz
1720:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1546:German National People's Party
1004:Addresses to the German Nation
240:the French mercantilist school
118:for the benefit mainly of the
1:
4118:Critique of political economy
3629:The dictionary definition of
3497:Roberts, Lissa (2014-07-03).
2790:, on the leaves of which the
1807:Criticism of multiculturalism
1585:Bibliothek des Konservatismus
296:Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi
4026:Rational expectations theory
3543:Strategies of Economic Order
3518:10.1080/07341512.2014.988423
3445:. Chicago University Press.
3285:, pp. 15–20, 22–23, 25.
3025:, pp. 310–312, 318–319.
2922:. Harvard University Press.
1104:The Concept of the Political
4204:Schools of economic thought
4194:Economic history of Germany
4123:History of economic thought
3670:Schools of economic thought
2920:Linnaeus: Nature and Nation
2825:Phillip Wilhelm von Hornick
2815:Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff
1802:Conservatism in Switzerland
1594:Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung
1489:Ecological Democratic Party
234:Cameralism and mercantilism
4225:
4043:New neoclassical synthesis
4031:Real business-cycle theory
3441:Lindenfeld, David (1997).
2875:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
2527:Jarl Hjalmarson Foundation
1839:Philosophical anthropology
1654:Studienzentrum Weikersheim
1635:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1628:Institut fĂĽr Staatspolitik
110:) was a German science of
44:
29:
3574:10.1007/s10657-005-6640-z
2537:Young Christian Democrats
2493:Party of the Rural People
1621:Hans Filbinger Foundation
1601:Forum of German Catholics
1538:German Conservative Party
1074:Prussianism and Socialism
2918:Koerner, Lisbet (1999).
2850:Justus Christoph Dithmar
2840:Julius Bernhard von Rohr
1960:This article is part of
1829:Pan-European nationalism
1164:Germany Abolishes Itself
321:This article is part of
174:' in the modern senses.
45:Not to be confused with
4153:Post-autistic economics
3474:10.1111/1468-0408.00145
2720:Conservatism portal
2606:Nya Wermlands-Tidningen
1887:Conservatism portal
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332:Conservatism in Germany
3891:Modern Monetary Theory
3506:History and Technology
3365:10.1086/ahr.115.5.1342
2961:(2016) 41#2: 238-257.
2443:Alternative for Sweden
2086:
2060:
1971:Conservatism in Sweden
1863:
1849:
1748:
1696:
1661:
1652:
1626:
1592:
1583:
713:
679:
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625:
611:
592:
552:
543:
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258:nature of many of the
162:did not exactly mean '
144:enlightened absolutism
3975:Keynes–Marx synthesis
3541:Tribe, Keith (1995).
3333:, pp. 1346–1347.
3078:, pp. 1342–1363.
2870:Joseph von Sonnenfels
2855:Georg Heinrich Zincke
2820:Johann Joachim Becher
2660:Nya Dagligt Allehanda
2503:The Royal Court Party
1943:Frankfurt an der Oder
1858:Theory of generations
1824:Liberalism in Germany
1611:German Burschenschaft
1562:German People's Party
860:Moeller van den Bruck
606:Social market economy
314:Cameralism in Prussia
308:Imperial examinations
250:, as both emphasised
244:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
224:social responsibility
112:public administration
4163:World-systems theory
4143:Mainstream economics
4083:Technocracy movement
4063:Saltwater/freshwater
2904:on January 1, 2019.
2865:Joachim Georg Darjes
2830:Wilhelm von Schröder
2799:Cameralist theorists
2076:National romanticism
1953:Cameralism in Sweden
1154:Moral und Hypermoral
1134:Fascism in Its Epoch
1114:On the Marble Cliffs
708:German reunification
688:German Confederation
4148:Heterodox economics
3876:Capability approach
3752:American (National)
3734:School of Salamanca
3321:, pp. 147–148.
3179:, pp. 316–317.
3155:, pp. 313–316.
3107:, pp. 144–169.
3054:, pp. 311–320.
2993:Fonsesca, Gonçalo.
2898:Oxford Dictionaries
2498:Protectionist Party
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1781:Böckenförde dilemma
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1458:BĂĽndnis Deutschland
1084:Ideology and Utopia
661:Anti-Socialist Laws
361:Christian democracy
252:import substitution
212:early modern period
188:Cameralwissenschaft
3784:English historical
2999:www.hetwebsite.net
2968:2018-12-14 at the
2845:Simon Peter Gasser
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2599:Gotlands Allehanda
2249:Heckscher (Gunnar)
1899:Germany portal
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264:production process
4176:
4175:
4138:Political economy
4106:
4105:
4038:New institutional
4011:Neo-Schumpeterian
3819:Marxist economics
3799:German historical
3452:978-0-226-48241-5
3297:, pp. 16–17.
3295:Lindenfeld (1997)
3283:Lindenfeld (1997)
3203:, pp. 47–49.
3131:, pp. 22–25.
3119:, pp. 10–11.
3090:, pp. 12–13.
3088:Lindenfeld (1997)
2995:"The Cameralists"
2983:, pp. 18–19.
2981:Lindenfeld (1997)
2948:, pp. 39–72.
2805:Melchior von Osse
2768:
2767:
2732:Sweden portal
2639:Svenska Dagbladet
1935:
1934:
1819:German militarism
1124:The Questionnaire
737:Völkisch movement
458:Historical School
453:Right-Hegelianism
288:Holy Roman Empire
276:school of economy
97:
96:
76:length guidelines
16:(Redirected from
4216:
4168:Economic systems
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3689:Medieval Islamic
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3640:
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3593:
3556:
3537:
3503:
3493:
3456:
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3435:
3434:
3425:. Archived from
3385:
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3358:(5): 1342–1363.
3334:
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3167:, pp. 9–31.
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2890:
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2716:
2542:Young Swedes SDU
2471:Sweden Democrats
2452:
2177:Courtyard Speech
2091:
2065:
1982:
1972:
1957:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1868:
1854:
1792:Collective guilt
1753:
1734:
1701:
1687:
1666:
1657:
1631:
1597:
1588:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
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1462:
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1094:Man and Technics
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1044:Das Ressentiment
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
900:Ritter (Joachim)
895:Ritter (Gerhard)
732:Oster conspiracy
718:
715:Historikerstreit
684:
666:Carlsbad Decrees
639:
630:
616:
601:Social hierarchy
597:
587:Prussian virtues
557:
548:
534:
483:Christian values
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318:
92:
89:
83:
74:Please read the
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4088:Thermoeconomics
3859:21st centuries)
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3856:
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3738:
3698:
3684:Ancient schools
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3667:
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3614:Administration.
3600:
3598:Further reading
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3401:(47): 144–169.
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3189:Lindenfeld 1997
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2107:Property rights
2097:Ordered liberty
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4028:
4018:
4013:
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4003:
3998:
3996:Neo-Malthusian
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3913:Disequilibrium
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3307:Wakefield 2005
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2208:Intellectuals
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2050:Law and order
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2019:
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1577:Organizations
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960:Strauss (Leo)
958:
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749:Intellectuals
746:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
717:
716:
711:
709:
706:
702:
701:German Empire
699:
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677:
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669:
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569:
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559:
556:
555:
550:
547:
546:
545:In Treue fest
541:
539:
536:
533:
532:
527:
525:
524:Germanisation
522:
520:
519:
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513:
512:
508:
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489:
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469:
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459:
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451:
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442:
439:
438:
437:
436:Revolutionary
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
413:
410:
409:
408:
407:Paternalistic
405:
403:
400:
396:
395:
391:
390:
389:
386:
384:
381:
377:
376:Ritter School
374:
372:
369:
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357:
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338:
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320:
319:
313:
311:
309:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
268:raw materials
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
175:
173:
172:public policy
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
81:
77:
71:
69:
63:
54:
53:
48:
47:Neocameralism
41:
40:Tricameralism
37:
33:
32:Unicameralism
19:
4199:Mercantilism
3923:Evolutionary
3855:Contemporary
3834:Neoclassical
3779:Distributist
3724:Mercantilism
3718:
3711:Early modern
3631:
3565:
3561:
3542:
3509:
3505:
3468:(1): 39–72.
3465:
3461:
3442:
3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3398:
3394:
3355:
3351:
3331:Jonsson 2010
3326:
3319:Koerner 1994
3314:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3105:Koerner 1994
3083:
3076:Jonsson 2010
3071:
3064:Roberts 2014
3059:
3035:Roberts 2014
3030:
3018:
3007:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2976:
2958:
2953:
2919:
2913:
2905:
2902:the original
2897:
2888:
2769:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2625:Samhällsnytt
2623:
2613:Nyheter Idag
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2476:
2475:
2448:Centre Party
2437:
2372:Kasselstrand
2127:State church
2122:Social order
1936:
1865:Ăśberfremdung
1811:
1779:
1730:Kreuzzeitung
1639:
1554:German Party
1510:
1509:
1484:Centre Party
1444:
1316:von Radowitz
1259:von Bismarck
1190:Commentators
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1068:(1918, 1922)
1062:
1052:
1042:
1034:Degeneration
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
755:Benedict XVI
694:
671:
656:20 July plot
620:Subsidiarity
594:Sittlichkeit
516:
511:Gemeinschaft
510:
424:Cameralistic
393:
304:
300:
285:
248:mercantilism
237:
228:
215:
205:
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:
167:
159:
155:
151:
136:
108:Kameralismus
107:
99:
98:
88:October 2022
85:
68:lead section
66:
36:Bicameralism
4078:Supply-side
4001:Neo-Marxian
3814:Marginalism
3744:Late modern
3729:Physiocrats
3201:Monsen 2002
2946:Monsen 2002
2382:Kristersson
2336:Politicians
2117:Rule of law
2081:Nationalism
2043:Meritocracy
2010:Nationalist
1844:Remigration
1424:Wackenroder
1409:von Savigny
1394:Böckenförde
1366:von Westarp
1269:von Gerlach
1243:Politicians
915:von Salomon
722:The Junkers
561:Medievalism
538:Imperialism
503:Meritocracy
498:Aristocracy
448:Romanticism
419:Prussianism
402:Neue Rechte
388:Nationalist
208:bureaucracy
166:', nor did
148:physiocracy
142:agenda of "
140:utilitarian
4189:Cameralism
4183:Categories
4058:Regulation
3984:Monetarism
3970:Circuitism
3918:Ecological
3886:Chartalism
3866:Behavioral
3809:Manchester
3804:Malthusian
3762:Birmingham
3719:Cameralism
3703:Modern era
3677:Pre-modern
3632:cameralism
3433:2016-11-02
3340:References
3165:Tribe 1995
3117:Tribe 1995
3009:2023-06-06
2592:Fria Tider
2571:Barometern
2451:(formerly)
2324:Zetterberg
2319:Teodorescu
2279:Martinsson
2259:Heidenstam
2102:Patriotism
2088:Folkhemmet
2071:Monarchism
2055:Moderation
2028:Cameralism
2022:Principles
1989:Ideologies
1743:Der TĂĽrmer
1399:von Gierke
1371:Wilhelm II
1346:von Storch
1331:Stresemann
1321:Rauschning
1264:Fehrenbach
1196:Kubitschek
997:Literature
945:Sloterdijk
636:Volksgeist
577:Patriotism
571:Organicism
566:Monarchism
518:Geopolitik
472:Principles
383:Monarchism
350:Ideologies
256:landlocked
220:households
100:Cameralism
4133:Economics
4068:Stockholm
3943:Keynesian
3908:Cracovian
3857:(20th and
3846:Socialist
3829:Mutualism
3772:Ricardian
3767:Classical
3590:144013696
3582:0929-1261
3534:143357129
3526:0734-1512
3490:155034877
3482:1468-0408
3415:0734-6018
3374:0002-8762
2792:silk worm
2772:Pomerania
2585:Det Bästa
2397:Lundeberg
2254:Heberlein
2224:Arnstberg
2194:Gothicism
2137:Tradition
1733:(Defunct)
1686:(Defunct)
1336:vom Stein
1306:von Papen
1280:Hugenberg
1275:Goerdeler
1206:Safranski
965:Steinbuch
890:von Ranke
840:Koselleck
805:Heidegger
775:von Galen
681:Freikorps
672:Erklärung
613:Sonderweg
478:Authority
429:Socialist
192:Oeconomie
164:economics
160:Oeconomie
152:Oeconomie
78:and help
4158:Degrowth
4093:Virginia
3933:Freiburg
3928:Feminist
3881:Carnegie
3871:Buddhist
3839:Lausanne
3794:Georgism
3757:Austrian
3382:21246886
3003:Archived
2966:Archived
2774:and the
2578:Bulletin
2412:Wallmark
2387:Krönmark
2367:Karlsson
2357:Hägglund
2304:Sandelin
2269:Karlsson
2219:Almqvist
2112:Prudence
2005:Moderate
1962:a series
1757:Die Welt
1341:Stoecker
1254:Ancillon
1249:Adenauer
1231:WeiĂźmann
1211:Sarrazin
980:Voegelin
955:Spengler
950:Spaemann
940:Sieferle
930:Schlegel
925:Schelsky
885:Plessner
785:Gogarten
394:Völkisch
356:Agrarian
323:a series
4111:Related
3898:Chicago
3423:2928789
3270:2709213
3235:2707546
2477:Defunct
2434:Parties
2422:Ă…kesson
2417:Weimers
2407:Trygger
2402:Pethrus
2392:Lindman
2377:Kjellén
2294:Pethrus
2289:Lindbom
2274:Kjellén
2229:Boström
2214:Ahlberg
2149:History
2038:Elitism
2000:Liberal
1710:COMPACT
1683:Antaios
1511:Defunct
1441:Parties
1429:Wagener
1414:Schmitt
1388:Jurists
1356:Wagener
1351:Strauss
1226:StĂĽrmer
970:Tönnies
935:Schmitt
920:Scheler
875:Novalis
770:Gadamer
693:German
650:History
493:Elitism
366:Liberal
210:in the
196:Polizei
184:Policey
168:Polizei
158:. Here
156:Polizei
134:today.
124:Prussia
116:economy
18:Cameral
3989:Market
3588:
3580:
3549:
3532:
3524:
3488:
3480:
3449:
3421:
3413:
3380:
3372:
3268:
3233:
2963:online
2926:
2776:Baltic
2646:Former
2558:Active
2525:
2521:Captus
2438:Active
2347:Bohman
2314:Tegnér
2309:Stolpe
2284:Nordin
2264:Hjärne
2239:Geijer
1705:Cicero
1641:PEGIDA
1549:(DNVP)
1445:Active
1376:Winnig
1361:Weidel
1289:
1273:
1178:(2017)
1168:(2010)
1158:(1969)
1148:(1966)
1138:(1963)
1128:(1951)
1118:(1939)
1108:(1932)
1098:(1931)
1088:(1929)
1078:(1919)
1058:(1918)
1048:(1913)
1038:(1892)
1028:(1837)
1018:(1820)
1008:(1806)
910:RĂĽstow
880:Pieper
865:MĂĽller
845:Löwith
835:Klages
810:Herder
795:Hamann
790:Görres
780:Gehlen
765:Freyer
760:BlĂĽher
575:
554:Kultur
531:Heimat
216:Kammer
170:mean '
128:Sweden
104:German
3965:Post-
3586:S2CID
3530:S2CID
3502:(PDF)
3486:S2CID
3419:JSTOR
3266:JSTOR
3231:JSTOR
2881:Notes
2554:Media
2532:Oikos
2362:Järta
2352:Busch
2342:Bildt
2062:Lagom
1939:Halle
1677:Media
1565:(DVP)
1541:(DkP)
1533:(FKP)
1520:(BVP)
1505:(REP)
1492:(Ă–DP)
1477:(CSU)
1469:(CDU)
1453:(AFD)
1419:Stahl
1404:Möser
1311:Petry
1216:Stein
985:Weber
905:Röpke
870:Nolte
850:LĂĽbbe
820:Hoppe
800:Hegel
695:Reich
441:Young
272:goods
120:state
3948:Neo-
3578:ISSN
3547:ISBN
3522:ISSN
3478:ISSN
3447:ISBN
3411:ISSN
3378:PMID
3370:ISSN
2924:ISBN
2674:Salt
2667:OBS!
2619:Riks
2234:Böök
2155:Hats
2033:Duty
1941:and
1698:Cato
1691:Bild
1557:(DP)
1461:(BD)
1301:Merz
1296:Krah
1291:Kohl
1285:Jung
1201:Kuby
1144:Envy
855:Mann
674:2018
627:Volk
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