535:
761:
window of bioavailability, because peptides are quickly broken down by proteases. Two, peptide drugs are more expensive than small molecule drugs to produce, which is problematic since peptide drugs must be given in large doses to counter rapid enzymatic breakdown. These qualities also limit routes of administration, typically to injection, infusion, or slow release therapy.
743:(a type of antigen presenting cell) which then release interferon α and β which contributes to differentiation of T-cells and continued inflammation. LL-37 has also been found to be a common auto-antigen in psoriasis; T-cells specific to LL-37 were found in the blood and skin in two thirds of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
610:
Cathelicidin peptides have been found in humans, monkeys, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pandas, pigs, cattle, frogs, sheep, goats, chickens, horses and wallabies. Antibodies to the human LL-37/hCAP-18 have been used to find cathelicidin-like compounds in a marsupial. About 30 cathelicidin family
760:
Research into the AMP family—particularly in regards to their mechanism of action—has been ongoing for nearly 20 years. Despite sustained interest, treatments derived or utilizing AMPs have not been widely adopted for clinical use for several reasons. One, drug candidates from AMPs have a narrow
547:
LL-37 plays a role in the activation of cell proliferation and migration, contributing to the wound closure process. All these mechanisms together play an essential role in tissue homeostasis and regenerative processes. Moreover, it has an agonistic effect on various pleiotropic receptors, for
437:. Whilst the defensins share common structural features, cathelicidin-related peptides are highly heterogeneous. Members of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial polypeptides are characterized by a highly conserved region (cathelin domain) and a highly variable cathelicidin peptide domain.
583:. Additionally cathelicidins may also be small-sized molecules (12-18 residues) with beta-hairpin structures, stabilized by one or two disulphide bonds. Even larger cathelicidin peptides (39-80 amino acid residues) are also present. These larger cathelicidins display repetitive
3121:
Agerberth B, Charo J, Werr J, Olsson B, Idali F, Lindbom L, Kiessling R, Jörnvall H, Wigzell H, Gudmundsson GH (November 2000). "The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and alpha-defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte populations".
424:
includes 30 types of which LL-37 is the only cathelicidin in the human. Cathelicidins are stored in the secretory granules of neutrophils and macrophages and can be released following activation by leukocytes. Cathelicidin peptides are dual-natured molecules called
594:
In 1995, Gudmundsson et al. assumed that the active antimicrobial peptide is formed of a 39-residue C-terminal domain (termed FALL-39). However, only a year later stated that the matured AMP, now called LL-37, is in reality two amino acids shorter than FALL-39.
723:
eptide) is a modified version of LL-37 that has enhanced antimicrobial activities compared to LL-37. In particular, SAAP-148 was more efficient in killing bacteria under physiological conditions. In addition, SAAP-148 synergises with the repurposed antibiotic
429:: one end of the molecule is attracted to water and repelled by fats and proteins, and the other end is attracted to fat and proteins and repelled by water. Members of this family react to pathogens by disintegrating, damaging, or puncturing cell membranes.
2056:
Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL (August 2007). "Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea".
2589:
Chromek M, Slamová Z, Bergman P, Kovács L, Podracká L, Ehrén I, Hökfelt T, Gudmundsson GH, Gallo RL, Agerberth B, Brauner A (June 2006). "The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin protects the urinary tract against invasive bacterial infection".
432:
Cathelicidins thus serve a critical role in mammalian innate immune defense against invasive bacterial infection. The cathelicidin family of peptides are classified as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The AMP family also includes the
511:
The general rule of the mechanism triggering cathelicidin action, like that of other antimicrobial peptides, involves the disintegration (damaging and puncturing) of cell membranes of organisms toward which the peptide is active.
3080:"LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells"
1310:"LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells"
1273:
Shaykhiev R, Beisswenger C, Kändler K, Senske J, Püchner A, Damm T, et al. (November 2005). "Human endogenous antibiotic LL-37 stimulates airway epithelial cell proliferation and wound closure".
579:
Cathelicidins range in size from 12 to 80 amino acid residues and have a wide range of structures. Most cathelicidins are linear peptides with 23-37 amino acid residues, and fold into amphipathic
2742:
Niyonsaba F, Hirata M, Ogawa H, Nagaoka I (September 2003). "Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells".
746:
LL-37 binds to the peptide Ab, which is associated with
Alzheimer's disease. An imbalance between LL-37 and Ab may be a factor affecting AD-associated fibrils and plaques. Chronic, oral
1780:
Carman RL, Simonian MR, Old JM, Jacques NA, Deane EM (December 2008). "Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to the cathelicidin LL37/hCAP18 in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii".
1359:
von
Haussen J, Koczulla R, Shaykhiev R, Herr C, Pinkenburg O, Reimer D, et al. (January 2008). "The host defence peptide LL-37/hCAP-18 is a growth factor for lung cancer cells".
2629:"Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3"
1036:
Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, et al. (March 2006). "Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response".
534:
2853:"Structure of the gene for porcine peptide antibiotic PR-39, a cathelin gene family member: comparative mapping of the locus for the human peptide antibiotic FALL-39"
3611:
1146:
Zanetti M, Gennaro R, Romeo D (October 1995). "Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain".
3435:
3378:
1856:
Hao X, Yang H, Wei L, Yang S, Zhu W, Ma D, Yu H, Lai R (August 2012). "Amphibian cathelicidin fills the evolutionary gap of cathelicidin in vertebrate".
987:
Carman R, Simonian MR, Old JM, Jacques NA, Deane EM (2008). Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to the
Cathelicidin LL37/hCAP18 in the tammar wallaby (
2771:
van
Wetering S, Tjabringa GS, Hiemstra PS (April 2005). "Interactions between neutrophil-derived antimicrobial peptides and airway epithelial cells".
2102:"Low plasma level of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18) predicts increased infectious disease mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis"
3196:"Cathelicidin family of antibacterial peptides CAP18 and CAP11 inhibit the expression of TNF-alpha by blocking the binding of LPS to CD14(+) cells"
3027:"The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface"
1766:
Carman RL, Old JM, Baker M, Jacques NA, Deane EM (2009). Identification and expression of a novel marsupial cathelicidin from the tammar wallaby (
1230:
Dosler S, Karaaslan E (December 2014). "Inhibition and destruction of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides".
1089:"The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface"
611:
members have been described in mammals, with only one (LL-37) found in humans. Currently identified cathelicidin peptides include the following:
602:
family of cysteine proteinase inhibitors, although amino acid residues thought to be important in such protease inhibition are usually lacking.
3231:"Cell differentiation is a key determinant of cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 expression by human colon epithelium"
561:
1001:
Vandamme D, Landuyt B, Luyten W, Schoofs L (November 2012). "A comprehensive summary of LL-37, the factotum human cathelicidin peptide".
3624:
2992:"The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders"
1534:"FK-16 derived from the anticancer peptide LL-37 induces caspase-independent apoptosis and autophagic cell death in colon cancer cells"
3604:
1591:
Gennaro R, Zanetti M (2000). "Structural features and biological activities of the cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides".
557:
827:
3763:
3633:
3371:
670:
549:
3531:
689:. Antibiotics have been used in the past to treat rosacea, but antibiotics may only work because they inhibit some SCTEs.
2292:
van Gent ME, van der
Reijden TJ, Lennard PR, de Visser AW, Schonkeren-Ravensbergen B, Dolezal N, et al. (May 2022).
1604:
3597:
739:
release LL-37 which forms complexes with self-genetic material (DNA or RNA) from other cells. These complexes stimulate
3521:
1687:"The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes"
2672:"Expression and potential function of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides in dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor"
3773:
3364:
1396:"Identification of the cathelicidin peptide LL-37 as agonist for the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor"
748:
2526:
1817:"Identification of CRAMP, a cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide expressed in the embryonic and adult mouse"
553:
887:
Kościuczuk EM, Lisowski P, Jarczak J, Strzałkowska N, Jóźwik A, Horbańczuk J, et al. (December 2012).
685:
serine proteases. Excessive production of LL-37 is suspected to be a contributing cause in all subtypes of
3758:
3573:
3503:
3460:
3388:
770:
3526:
1628:"FALL-39, a putative human peptide antibiotic, is cysteine-free and expressed in bone marrow and testis"
391:
3153:"Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) mucosal antimicrobial peptides are close homologues of human molecules"
1728:"Antimicrobial and protease inhibitory functions of the human cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37) prosequence"
3753:
3541:
3468:
3038:
2990:
Frohm M, Agerberth B, Ahangari G, Stâhle-Bäckdahl M, Lidén S, Wigzell H, Gudmundsson GH (June 1997).
2864:
2160:
1963:
1639:
1545:
1100:
1045:
775:
3768:
3516:
3400:
1770:). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 127(3-4), 269-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.319
2705:
Lehrer RI, Ganz T (January 2002). "Cathelicidins: a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides".
2251:
de Breij A, Riool M, Cordfunke RA, Malanovic N, de Boer L, Koning RI, et al. (January 2018).
3620:
2978:
2839:
2796:
2730:
2658:
2615:
2184:
2082:
1881:
1465:
1457:
1255:
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72:
2100:
Gombart AF, Bhan I, Borregaard N, Tamez H, Camargo CA, Koeffler HP, Thadhani R (February 2009).
752:, and herpesvirus (HSV-1) infections may contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's dementia.
2501:
1901:"Tissue expression and developmental regulation of chicken cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides"
3336:
3316:
3260:
3217:
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3139:
3109:
3066:
3013:
2970:
2935:
2892:
2831:
2788:
2759:
2722:
2693:
2650:
2607:
2577:
2483:
2432:
2379:
2325:
2294:"Synergism between the Synthetic Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Peptide (SAAP)-148 and Halicin"
2274:
2233:
2176:
2133:
2074:
2038:
1989:
1932:
1873:
1838:
1797:
1749:
1708:
1667:
1608:
1573:
1514:
1446:
1427:
1376:
1341:
1290:
1247:
1212:
1163:
1128:
1061:
1018:
962:
918:
864:
642:
588:
407:
50:
3078:
Chen Q, Schmidt AP, Anderson GM, Wang JM, Wooters J, Oppenheim JJ, Chertov O (October 2000).
2204:"Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity"
1308:
Chen Q, Schmidt AP, Anderson GM, Wang JM, Wooters J, Oppenheim JJ, Chertov O (October 2000).
3702:
3450:
3308:
3285:
3250:
3242:
3207:
3194:
Nagaoka I, Hirota S, Niyonsaba F, Hirata M, Adachi Y, Tamura H, Heumann D (September 2001).
3172:
3164:
3131:
3099:
3091:
3056:
3046:
3003:
2960:
2925:
2917:
2882:
2872:
2851:
Gudmundsson GH, Magnusson KP, Chowdhary BP, Johansson M, Andersson L, Boman HG (July 1995).
2821:
2780:
2751:
2714:
2683:
2640:
2599:
2567:
2473:
2463:
2422:
2414:
2369:
2359:
2315:
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2215:
2168:
2123:
2113:
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2028:
2020:
1979:
1971:
1922:
1912:
1865:
1828:
1789:
1739:
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1657:
1647:
1600:
1563:
1553:
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1438:
1417:
1407:
1368:
1331:
1321:
1282:
1239:
1202:
1155:
1118:
1108:
1053:
1010:
954:
945:
Zanetti M (January 2004). "Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity".
908:
900:
854:
3356:
1483:
Koczulla R, von
Degenfeld G, Kupatt C, Krötz F, Zahler S, Gloe T, et al. (June 2003).
3420:
3409:
740:
697:
3042:
2868:
2164:
1967:
1643:
1549:
1104:
1049:
3104:
3079:
2810:"hCAP-18, a cathelin/pro-bactenecin-like protein of human neutrophil specific granules"
2478:
2451:
2427:
2398:
2374:
2347:
2320:
2293:
2228:
2203:
2128:
2101:
2033:
2009:"Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease"
2008:
1984:
1951:
1927:
1900:
1568:
1533:
1532:
Ren SX, Shen J, Cheng AS, Lu L, Chan RL, Li ZJ, et al. (2013-05-20). Nie D (ed.).
1422:
1395:
1336:
1309:
913:
888:
457:
3255:
3230:
2965:
2948:
2930:
2905:
1815:
Gallo RL, Kim KJ, Bernfield M, Kozak CA, Zanetti M, Merluzzi L, Gennaro R (May 1997).
1509:
1484:
69:
3747:
3577:
3483:
3345:
3177:
3152:
3061:
3026:
2887:
2852:
2826:
2809:
2718:
2188:
1744:
1727:
1703:
1686:
1662:
1627:
1259:
1207:
1190:
1159:
1123:
1088:
736:
2982:
2921:
2734:
2619:
2086:
1685:
Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B, Odeberg J, Bergman T, Olsson B, Salcedo R (June 1996).
1626:
Agerberth B, Gunne H, Odeberg J, Kogner P, Boman HG, Gudmundsson GH (January 1995).
1175:
1073:
974:
492:, due to the characteristic cathelin-like domain present in cathelicidins. The name
3641:
3493:
3424:
2843:
2800:
2662:
2556:"LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides"
1885:
1243:
843:"LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides"
678:
568:
498:
477:
414:
3246:
3168:
1372:
1014:
580:
538:
The pleiotropic properties of LL-37 in relation to the different cells and tissues
2572:
2555:
2468:
2269:
2253:"The antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148 combats drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms"
2252:
1558:
859:
842:
802:
515:
Cathelicidins rapidly destroy the lipoprotein membranes of microbes enveloped in
3732:
3707:
3488:
3473:
3440:
3392:
3212:
3195:
2947:
Larrick JW, Lee J, Ma S, Li X, Francke U, Wright SC, Balint RF (November 1996).
2310:
445:
3031:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2857:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2151:
Zasloff M (January 2002). "Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms".
1793:
1632:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1442:
1286:
1093:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
735:
pathogenesis (along with other anti-microbial peptides). In psoriasis, damaged
3589:
3290:
3273:
2219:
1869:
1191:"Primary structure of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pig leucocytes"
904:
524:
473:
461:
426:
3135:
3008:
2991:
2755:
2024:
1833:
1816:
3651:
3554:
3511:
3051:
2877:
1113:
1057:
732:
701:
516:
469:
453:
373:
88:
65:
17:
3320:
3299:
Burton MF, Steel PG (December 2009). "The chemistry and biology of LL-37".
3264:
3221:
3186:
3151:
Bals R, Lang C, Weiner DJ, Vogelmeier C, Welsch U, Wilson JM (March 2001).
3143:
3113:
3095:
2792:
2763:
2726:
2697:
2654:
2611:
2581:
2487:
2436:
2383:
2329:
2278:
2237:
2180:
2137:
2078:
2042:
1993:
1950:
Peel E, Cheng Y, Djordjevic JT, Fox S, Sorrell TC, Belov K (October 2016).
1936:
1917:
1877:
1801:
1753:
1612:
1577:
1518:
1450:
1431:
1380:
1345:
1326:
1294:
1251:
1065:
1022:
966:
922:
868:
3274:"Antimicrobial peptides: an overview of a promising class of therapeutics"
3070:
3017:
2974:
2949:"Structural, functional analysis and localization of the human CAP18 gene"
2939:
2896:
2835:
2645:
2628:
1842:
1712:
1671:
1652:
1454:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
1216:
1167:
1132:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3697:
3681:
3656:
3646:
3478:
3430:
3414:
2904:
Larrick JW, Hirata M, Balint RF, Lee J, Zhong J, Wright SC (April 1995).
2688:
2671:
2364:
1899:
Achanta M, Sunkara LT, Dai G, Bommineni YR, Jiang W, Zhang G (May 2012).
1412:
637:
Cattle: BMAP-27,28,34 (Bovine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptides); Bac5, Bac7
599:
520:
449:
434:
362:
2784:
2397:
Kanagasingam S, Chukkapalli SS, Welbury R, Singhrao SK (December 2020).
958:
649:
Chickens: Four cathelicidins, fowlicidins 1,2,3 and cathelicidin Beta-1
440:
Cathelicidin peptides have been isolated from many different species of
3549:
3350:
3340:
2906:"Human CAP18: a novel antimicrobial lipopolysaccharide-binding protein"
2418:
780:
725:
696:) appear to significantly increase the risk of death from infection in
686:
666:
584:
528:
464:
after activation by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or the hormone
441:
192:
151:
1975:
1275:
American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
3312:
1500:
693:
465:
340:
110:
76:
3229:
Hase K, Eckmann L, Leopard JD, Varki N, Kagnoff MF (February 2002).
2172:
1394:
Girnita A, Zheng H, Grönberg A, Girnita L, Ståhle M (January 2012).
991:). Tissue and Cell. 40(6), 459-466. DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.05.002
210:
206:
2603:
2118:
2070:
1485:"An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18"
3727:
674:
598:
The cathelicidin family shares primary sequence homology with the
692:
Lower plasma levels of human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (
3664:
3660:
1605:
10.1002/1097-0282(2000)55:1<31::AID-BIP40>3.0.CO;2-9
682:
673:(SCTEs). Cathelicidin is cleaved into the antimicrobial peptide
3593:
3360:
417:-mediated extracellular cleavage into the active form LL-37.
1952:"Cathelicidins in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)"
3335:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
2452:"Controversial role of herpesviruses in Alzheimer's disease"
700:
patients. The production of cathelicidin is up-regulated by
669:
have elevated levels of cathelicidin and elevated levels of
889:"Cathelicidins: family of antimicrobial peptides. A review"
622:
Mice:CRAMP-1/2, (Cathelicidin-related Antimicrobial Peptide
527:. Therefore, LL-37 can inhibit the formation of bacterial
444:, including marsupials. Cathelicidins are mostly found in
1189:
Ritonja A, Kopitar M, Jerala R, Turk V (September 1989).
2554:
Dürr UH, Sudheendra US, Ramamoorthy A (September 2006).
841:
Dürr U, Sudheendra U, Ramamoorthy, A (September 2006).
828:"Entrez Gene: CAMP cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide"
472:. They have been found in some other cells, including
3025:
Bals R, Wang X, Zasloff M, Wilson JM (August 1998).
1087:
Bals R, Wang X, Zasloff M, Wilson JM (August 1998).
728:
against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms.
3690:
3674:
3632:
3540:
3502:
3459:
3449:
3399:
2627:Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP (July 2005).
307:
288:
264:
245:
2808:Cowland JB, Johnsen AH, Borregaard N (July 1995).
2560:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
847:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
2531:GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News
2744:Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy
2007:Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J (May 2012).
940:
938:
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934:
932:
27:Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
3605:
3372:
3157:Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
2670:López-García B, Lee PH, Gallo RL (May 2006).
2403:a Strong Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease"
8:
3436:Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein
2352:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1905:Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
3612:
3598:
3590:
3456:
3379:
3365:
3357:
2502:"Biomimetics Research from the Barron Lab"
1468:|...|intentional=yes}}
84:
3289:
3272:Giuliani A, Pirri G, Nicoletto S (2007).
3254:
3211:
3176:
3103:
3060:
3050:
3007:
2964:
2929:
2886:
2876:
2825:
2687:
2676:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2644:
2571:
2477:
2467:
2426:
2373:
2363:
2341:
2339:
2319:
2309:
2268:
2227:
2127:
2117:
2032:
1983:
1926:
1916:
1832:
1743:
1702:
1661:
1651:
1567:
1557:
1508:
1421:
1411:
1335:
1325:
1206:
1122:
1112:
912:
858:
797:
795:
468:, which is the hormonally active form of
2450:Rizzo R (June 2020). Spindler KR (ed.).
1732:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
533:
1726:Zaiou M, Nizet V, Gallo RL (May 2003).
791:
2527:"Peptides: New Processes, Lower Costs"
2407:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports
2348:"Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment"
31:
1489:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
882:
880:
878:
634:Pigs: PR-39, Prophenin, PMAP-23,36,37
562:insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
7:
3084:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
1314:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2996:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2202:Kamen DL, Tangpricha V (May 2010).
1821:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
731:LL-37 is thought to play a role in
616:Human: hCAP-18 (cleaved into LL-37)
507:Mechanism of antimicrobial activity
2346:Rendon A, Schäkel K (March 2019).
388:Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
304:
285:
261:
242:
220:
197:
173:
156:
132:
115:
25:
640:Frogs: cathelicidin-AL (found in
488:The term was coined in 1995 from
2719:10.1097/00062752-200201000-00004
1745:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12132.x
1704:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x
1691:European Journal of Biochemistry
558:epidermal growth factor receptor
413:(18 kDa), which is processed by
3634:Antimicrobial cationic peptides
2922:10.1128/IAI.63.4.1291-1297.1995
671:stratum corneum tryptic enzymes
2257:Science Translational Medicine
1244:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.021
550:formyl peptide receptor like-1
1:
3532:Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
3247:10.1128/IAI.70.2.953-963.2002
3169:10.1128/CDLI.8.2.370-375.2001
2966:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01199-4
2707:Current Opinion in Hematology
2208:Journal of Molecular Medicine
1373:10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.07.014
1015:10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.11.009
3349:(Human Cathelicidin) at the
2827:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00634-L
2773:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
2573:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.030
2469:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008575
2270:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4044
2106:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1559:10.1371/journal.pone.0063641
1208:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81093-2
1160:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01050-o
947:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
860:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.030
652:Tasmanian Devil: Saha-CATH5
394:encoded in the human by the
3522:Eosinophil cationic protein
3213:10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3329
2401:Porphyromonas gingivalis is
2311:10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS11050673
3790:
1794:10.1016/j.tice.2008.05.002
1443:10.1038/s41388-022-02567-5
1287:10.1152/ajplung.00286.2004
655:Salmonids: CATH1 and CATH2
3567:
3291:10.2478/s11535-007-0010-5
2220:10.1007/s00109-010-0590-9
1870:10.1007/s00726-011-1116-7
905:10.1007/s11033-012-1997-x
893:Molecular Biology Reports
571:and regulates apoptosis.
398:gene. The active form is
377:
372:
368:
361:
339:
324:
311:
292:
281:
268:
249:
238:
227:
223:
204:
200:
191:
180:
176:
163:
159:
150:
139:
135:
122:
118:
109:
94:
87:
83:
63:
60:
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
3136:10.1182/blood.V96.9.3086
3009:10.1074/jbc.272.24.15258
2756:10.2174/1568010033484115
2525:DePalma A (2015-06-30).
2025:10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.126
1834:10.1074/jbc.272.20.13088
749:Porphyromonas gingivalis
587:motifs forming extended
567:Furthermore, it induces
3301:Natural Product Reports
3052:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9541
2878:10.1073/pnas.92.15.7085
1114:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9541
1058:10.1126/science.1123933
554:purinergic receptor P2X
3764:Antimicrobial peptides
3574:platelet alpha-granule
3235:Infection and Immunity
3096:10.1084/jem.192.7.1069
2910:Infection and Immunity
1918:10.1186/2049-1891-3-15
1327:10.1084/jem.192.7.1069
771:Antimicrobial peptides
539:
496:itself is coined from
3527:Eosinophil peroxidase
3200:Journal of Immunology
2646:10.1096/fj.04-3284com
2013:Annals of Dermatology
1653:10.1073/pnas.92.1.195
1460:|...}}
1437:(Retracted, see
661:Clinical significance
537:
392:antimicrobial peptide
3469:Alkaline phosphatase
3401:Azurophilic granules
2365:10.3390/ijms20061475
1413:10.1038/onc.2011.239
776:Innate immune system
619:Rhesus monkey: RL-37
3621:Pore-forming toxins
3517:Major basic protein
3043:1998PNAS...95.9541B
2869:1995PNAS...92.7085G
2785:10.1189/jlb.0604367
2165:2002Natur.415..389Z
1968:2016NatSR...635019P
1644:1995PNAS...92..195A
1550:2013PLoSO...863641R
1105:1998PNAS...95.9541B
1050:2006Sci...311.1770L
1003:Cellular Immunology
959:10.1189/jlb.0403147
606:Non-human orthologs
422:cathelicidin family
3278:Cent. Eur. J. Biol
2689:10.1093/jac/dkl078
2419:10.3233/ADR-200250
1956:Scientific Reports
631:Guinea pig: CAP-11
591:-type structures.
540:
519:after fusion with
3741:
3740:
3587:
3586:
3563:
3562:
3451:Specific granules
2263:(423): eaan4044.
1976:10.1038/srep35019
1782:Tissue & Cell
715:ntimicrobial and
643:Amolops loloensis
408:peptide precursor
385:
384:
381:
380:
357:
356:
320:
319:
301:
300:
277:
276:
258:
257:
234:
233:
217:
216:
187:
186:
170:
169:
146:
145:
129:
128:
16:(Redirected from
3781:
3774:Protein families
3703:Diphtheria toxin
3614:
3607:
3600:
3591:
3457:
3421:serine proteases
3387:Contents of the
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3324:
3313:10.1039/b912533g
3295:
3293:
3268:
3258:
3225:
3215:
3190:
3180:
3147:
3117:
3107:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3021:
3011:
3002:(24): 15258–63.
2986:
2968:
2943:
2933:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2847:
2829:
2804:
2767:
2738:
2701:
2691:
2666:
2648:
2623:
2585:
2575:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:web.stanford.edu
2498:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2159:(6870): 389–95.
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1827:(20): 13088–93.
1812:
1806:
1805:
1777:
1771:
1768:Macropus eugenii
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1501:10.1172/JCI17545
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1044:(5768): 1770–3.
1033:
1027:
1026:
998:
992:
989:Macropus eugenii
985:
979:
978:
942:
927:
926:
916:
899:(12): 10957–70.
884:
873:
872:
862:
853:(9): 1408–1425.
838:
832:
831:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
799:
543:Other activities
476:cells and human
370:
369:
353:
348:
335:
330:
315:
305:
296:
286:
282:RefSeq (protein)
272:
262:
253:
243:
221:
198:
174:
157:
133:
116:
85:
79:
53:
32:
21:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3691:Other, nonhuman
3686:
3670:
3628:
3618:
3588:
3583:
3559:
3536:
3498:
3445:
3410:Myeloperoxidase
3395:
3385:
3332:
3327:
3307:(12): 1572–84.
3298:
3271:
3228:
3193:
3150:
3120:
3077:
3024:
2989:
2946:
2903:
2850:
2807:
2770:
2741:
2704:
2669:
2626:
2592:Nature Medicine
2588:
2553:
2549:
2547:Further reading
2544:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2462:(6): e1008575.
2449:
2448:
2444:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2173:10.1038/415389a
2150:
2149:
2145:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2059:Nature Medicine
2055:
2054:
2050:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1495:(11): 1665–72.
1482:
1481:
1477:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1436:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1000:
999:
995:
986:
982:
944:
943:
930:
886:
885:
876:
840:
839:
835:
826:
825:
821:
811:
809:
807:www.uniprot.org
801:
800:
793:
789:
767:
758:
741:dendritic cells
663:
658:
628:Rabbits: CAP-18
608:
577:
575:Characteristics
545:
509:
486:
458:dendritic cells
374:View/Edit Human
351:
346:
333:
328:
325:Location (UCSC)
313:
294:
270:
251:
209:
64:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3787:
3785:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3331:
3330:External links
3328:
3326:
3325:
3296:
3269:
3226:
3206:(6): 3329–38.
3191:
3148:
3130:(9): 3086–93.
3118:
3090:(7): 1069–74.
3075:
3037:(16): 9541–6.
3022:
2987:
2944:
2901:
2863:(15): 7085–9.
2848:
2805:
2768:
2739:
2702:
2667:
2639:(9): 1067–77.
2624:
2604:10.1038/nm1407
2586:
2566:(9): 1408–25.
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2517:
2493:
2456:PLOS Pathogens
2442:
2413:(1): 501–511.
2389:
2335:
2284:
2243:
2194:
2143:
2119:10.1086/596314
2092:
2071:10.1038/nm1616
2048:
1999:
1942:
1891:
1848:
1807:
1788:(6): 459–466.
1772:
1759:
1718:
1677:
1618:
1583:
1524:
1475:
1386:
1351:
1320:(7): 1069–74.
1300:
1265:
1222:
1181:
1138:
1099:(16): 9541–6.
1079:
1028:
993:
980:
928:
874:
833:
819:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
778:
773:
766:
763:
757:
754:
665:Patients with
662:
659:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
607:
604:
576:
573:
544:
541:
508:
505:
485:
482:
383:
382:
379:
378:
376:
366:
365:
359:
358:
355:
354:
349:
344:
337:
336:
331:
326:
322:
321:
318:
317:
309:
308:
302:
299:
298:
290:
289:
283:
279:
278:
275:
274:
266:
265:
259:
256:
255:
247:
246:
240:
236:
235:
232:
231:
225:
224:
218:
215:
214:
202:
201:
195:
189:
188:
185:
184:
178:
177:
171:
168:
167:
161:
160:
154:
148:
147:
144:
143:
137:
136:
130:
127:
126:
120:
119:
113:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
91:
81:
80:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3786:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Immune system
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3578:dense granule
3575:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:NADPH oxidase
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3241:(2): 953–63.
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:(4): 1291–7.
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2779:(4): 444–50.
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2750:(3): 224–31.
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2682:(5): 877–82.
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2633:FASEB Journal
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:(6): 636–41.
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:(5): 441–50.
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2112:(4): 418–24.
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:(8): 975–80.
2064:
2060:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:(2): 126–35.
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:(2): 677–85.
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1697:(2): 325–32.
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:(5): e63641.
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1406:(3): 352–65.
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:(5): L842-8.
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
990:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
929:
924:
920:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
881:
879:
875:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
834:
829:
823:
820:
808:
804:
798:
796:
792:
786:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
764:
762:
755:
753:
751:
750:
744:
742:
738:
737:keratinocytes
734:
729:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
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660:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
612:
605:
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586:
582:
574:
572:
570:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
542:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
506:
504:
502:
500:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
478:keratinocytes
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
430:
428:
423:
418:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:. In humans,
401:
397:
393:
390:(CAMP) is an
389:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
350:
345:
342:
338:
332:
327:
323:
316:
310:
306:
303:
297:
291:
287:
284:
280:
273:
267:
263:
260:
254:
248:
244:
241:
239:RefSeq (mRNA)
237:
230:
226:
222:
219:
213:
212:
208:
203:
199:
196:
194:
190:
183:
179:
175:
172:
166:
162:
158:
155:
153:
149:
142:
138:
134:
131:
125:
121:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
59:
56:cathelicidins
52:
47:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3675:Other, human
3642:Cathelicidin
3571:
3494:Cathelicidin
3425:Proteinase 3
3393:granulocytes
3344:
3304:
3300:
3281:
3277:
3238:
3234:
3203:
3199:
3163:(2): 370–5.
3160:
3156:
3127:
3123:
3087:
3083:
3034:
3030:
2999:
2995:
2959:(1): 74–80.
2956:
2953:FEBS Letters
2952:
2913:
2909:
2860:
2856:
2820:(1): 173–6.
2817:
2814:FEBS Letters
2813:
2776:
2772:
2747:
2743:
2713:(1): 18–22.
2710:
2706:
2679:
2675:
2636:
2632:
2595:
2591:
2563:
2559:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:
2520:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:
2496:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2392:
2355:
2351:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1738:(5): 810–6.
1735:
1731:
1721:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1638:(1): 195–9.
1635:
1631:
1621:
1599:(1): 31–49.
1596:
1592:
1586:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1464:{{
1456:{{
1403:
1399:
1389:
1367:(1): 12–23.
1364:
1360:
1354:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1201:(2): 211–4.
1198:
1195:FEBS Letters
1194:
1184:
1151:
1148:FEBS Letters
1147:
1141:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1009:(1): 22–35.
1006:
1002:
996:
988:
983:
953:(1): 39–48.
950:
946:
896:
892:
850:
846:
836:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
759:
756:Applications
747:
745:
730:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:SAAP-148 (a
706:
691:
683:kallikrein 7
679:kallikrein 5
664:
641:
625:Rats: rCRAMP
609:
597:
593:
578:
569:angiogenesis
566:
546:
514:
510:
497:
493:
489:
487:
439:
431:
421:
419:
415:proteinase 3
410:
406:encodes the
403:
399:
395:
387:
386:
312:
293:
269:
250:
228:
205:
181:
164:
140:
123:
103:
98:
61:External IDs
35:cathelicidin
29:
18:Cathelicidin
3754:Human genes
3733:Pneumolysin
3708:Dermaseptin
3489:Collagenase
3474:Lactoferrin
3441:Collagenase
3284:(1): 1–33.
2358:(6): 1475.
2298:Antibiotics
1858:Amino Acids
1593:Biopolymers
1361:Lung Cancer
719:ntibiofilm
589:polyproline
564:(IGF-1R).
525:macrophages
499:cathepsin L
462:macrophages
446:neutrophils
427:amphiphiles
77:- orthologs
44:Identifiers
3769:Leukocytes
3748:Categories
3504:Eosinophil
3461:Neutrophil
2536:2021-11-30
2511:2021-10-22
2304:(5): 673.
1154:(1): 1–5.
812:8 February
787:References
560:(EGFR) or
552:(FPRL-1),
517:phagosomes
474:epithelial
454:mast cells
3652:Dermcidin
3572:see also
3555:Histamine
3512:Cathepsin
3415:Defensins
2189:205028607
1962:: 35019.
1911:(1): 15.
1466:retracted
1458:retracted
1260:207359996
803:"UniProt"
733:psoriasis
711:ynthetic
702:vitamin D
581:α-helices
548:example,
521:lysosomes
503:in 1989.
501:inhibitor
484:Etymology
470:vitamin D
450:monocytes
435:defensins
89:Orthologs
66:GeneCards
3723:Melittin
3718:Magainin
3713:Latarcin
3698:Cecropin
3682:Perforin
3657:Histatin
3647:Defensin
3542:Basophil
3479:Lysozyme
3431:Lysozyme
3419:neutral
3389:granules
3321:19936387
3265:11796631
3222:11544322
3187:11238224
3144:11049988
3114:11015447
2983:35329283
2793:15591123
2764:14561157
2735:23575052
2727:11753073
2698:16556635
2655:15985530
2620:20704807
2612:16751768
2582:16716248
2488:32555685
2437:33532698
2384:30909615
2330:35625317
2279:29321257
2238:20119827
2181:11807545
2138:19133797
2087:23470611
2079:17676051
2043:22577261
1994:27725697
1937:22958518
1878:22009138
1802:18597803
1754:12713586
1613:10931440
1578:23700428
1538:PLOS ONE
1519:12782669
1451:36494433
1432:21685939
1400:Oncogene
1381:17764778
1346:11015447
1295:15964896
1252:25285879
1238:: 32–7.
1232:Peptides
1176:34865828
1074:52869005
1066:16497887
1023:23246832
975:14902156
967:12960280
923:23065264
869:16716248
765:See also
698:dialysis
677:by both
600:cystatin
529:biofilms
494:cathelin
490:cathelin
363:Wikidata
3550:Heparin
3351:PDBe-KB
3341:UniProt
3105:2193321
3071:9689116
3039:Bibcode
3018:9182550
2975:8946956
2940:7890387
2897:7624374
2865:Bibcode
2844:3172761
2836:7615076
2801:8261526
2663:7563259
2479:7302436
2428:7835991
2375:6471628
2321:9137631
2229:2861286
2161:Bibcode
2129:6944311
2034:3346901
1985:5057115
1964:Bibcode
1928:3436658
1886:2794908
1843:9148921
1713:8681941
1672:7529412
1640:Bibcode
1569:3659029
1546:Bibcode
1423:3262900
1337:2193321
1217:2792375
1168:7589491
1133:9689116
1101:Bibcode
1046:Bibcode
1038:Science
914:3487008
781:Peptoid
726:halicin
687:Rosacea
667:rosacea
585:proline
442:mammals
193:UniProt
152:Ensembl
95:Species
51:Aliases
3346:P49913
3319:
3263:
3256:127717
3253:
3220:
3185:
3175:
3142:
3112:
3102:
3069:
3059:
3016:
2981:
2973:
2938:
2931:173149
2928:
2895:
2885:
2842:
2834:
2799:
2791:
2762:
2733:
2725:
2696:
2661:
2653:
2618:
2610:
2580:
2486:
2476:
2435:
2425:
2382:
2372:
2328:
2318:
2277:
2236:
2226:
2187:
2179:
2153:Nature
2136:
2126:
2085:
2077:
2041:
2031:
1992:
1982:
1935:
1925:
1884:
1876:
1841:
1800:
1752:
1711:
1670:
1660:
1611:
1576:
1566:
1517:
1510:156109
1507:
1449:
1445:,
1430:
1420:
1379:
1344:
1334:
1293:
1258:
1250:
1215:
1174:
1166:
1131:
1121:
1072:
1064:
1021:
973:
965:
921:
911:
867:
694:hCAP18
466:1,25-D
411:CAP-18
343:search
341:PubMed
111:Entrez
3728:Nisin
3625:TC 1C
3178:96065
3124:Blood
3062:21374
2979:S2CID
2888:41476
2840:S2CID
2797:S2CID
2731:S2CID
2659:S2CID
2616:S2CID
2185:S2CID
2083:S2CID
1882:S2CID
1663:42844
1462:with
1256:S2CID
1172:S2CID
1124:21374
1070:S2CID
971:S2CID
675:LL-37
400:LL-37
104:Mouse
99:Human
3665:HTN3
3661:HTN1
3453:(2°)
3403:(1°)
3339:for
3317:PMID
3261:PMID
3218:PMID
3183:PMID
3140:PMID
3110:PMID
3067:PMID
3014:PMID
2971:PMID
2936:PMID
2893:PMID
2832:PMID
2789:PMID
2760:PMID
2723:PMID
2694:PMID
2651:PMID
2608:PMID
2578:PMID
2564:1758
2484:PMID
2433:PMID
2380:PMID
2326:PMID
2275:PMID
2234:PMID
2177:PMID
2134:PMID
2075:PMID
2039:PMID
1990:PMID
1933:PMID
1874:PMID
1839:PMID
1798:PMID
1750:PMID
1709:PMID
1668:PMID
1609:PMID
1574:PMID
1515:PMID
1447:PMID
1428:PMID
1377:PMID
1342:PMID
1291:PMID
1248:PMID
1213:PMID
1164:PMID
1129:PMID
1062:PMID
1019:PMID
963:PMID
919:PMID
865:PMID
851:1758
814:2024
681:and
460:and
420:The
404:CAMP
396:CAMP
3391:of
3337:PDB
3309:doi
3286:doi
3251:PMC
3243:doi
3208:doi
3204:167
3173:PMC
3165:doi
3132:doi
3100:PMC
3092:doi
3088:192
3057:PMC
3047:doi
3004:doi
3000:272
2961:doi
2957:398
2926:PMC
2918:doi
2883:PMC
2873:doi
2822:doi
2818:368
2781:doi
2752:doi
2715:doi
2684:doi
2641:doi
2600:doi
2568:doi
2474:PMC
2464:doi
2423:PMC
2415:doi
2370:PMC
2360:doi
2316:PMC
2306:doi
2265:doi
2224:PMC
2216:doi
2169:doi
2157:415
2124:PMC
2114:doi
2067:doi
2029:PMC
2021:doi
1980:PMC
1972:doi
1923:PMC
1913:doi
1866:doi
1829:doi
1825:272
1790:doi
1740:doi
1736:120
1699:doi
1695:238
1658:PMC
1648:doi
1601:doi
1564:PMC
1554:doi
1505:PMC
1497:doi
1493:111
1439:doi
1418:PMC
1408:doi
1369:doi
1332:PMC
1322:doi
1318:192
1283:doi
1279:289
1240:doi
1203:doi
1199:255
1156:doi
1152:374
1119:PMC
1109:doi
1054:doi
1042:311
1011:doi
1007:280
955:doi
909:PMC
901:doi
855:doi
556:7,
531:.
523:in
352:n/a
347:n/a
334:n/a
329:n/a
314:n/a
295:n/a
271:n/a
252:n/a
229:n/a
182:n/a
165:n/a
141:n/a
124:n/a
73:OMA
3750::
3663:,
3576:,
3343::
3315:.
3305:26
3303:.
3280:.
3276:.
3259:.
3249:.
3239:70
3237:.
3233:.
3216:.
3202:.
3198:.
3181:.
3171:.
3159:.
3155:.
3138:.
3128:96
3126:.
3108:.
3098:.
3086:.
3082:.
3065:.
3055:.
3045:.
3035:95
3033:.
3029:.
3012:.
2998:.
2994:.
2977:.
2969:.
2955:.
2951:.
2934:.
2924:.
2914:63
2912:.
2908:.
2891:.
2881:.
2871:.
2861:92
2859:.
2855:.
2838:.
2830:.
2816:.
2812:.
2795:.
2787:.
2777:77
2775:.
2758:.
2746:.
2729:.
2721:.
2709:.
2692:.
2680:57
2678:.
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2657:.
2649:.
2637:19
2635:.
2631:.
2614:.
2606:.
2596:12
2594:.
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2562:.
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2529:.
2504:.
2482:.
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2431:.
2421:.
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2405:.
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2324:.
2314:.
2302:11
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2255:.
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2212:88
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2206:.
2183:.
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2122:.
2110:48
2108:.
2104:.
2081:.
2073:.
2063:13
2061:.
2037:.
2027:.
2017:24
2015:.
2011:.
1988:.
1978:.
1970:.
1958:.
1954:.
1931:.
1921:.
1907:.
1903:.
1880:.
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