1029:
237:
119:
1851:
Kammerer, C. (2008, September). A new therocephalian from the
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and new information on therocephalian systematics. In Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 98A-99A). 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA: SOC VERTEBRATE
1177:
Kammerer, C. (2008, September). A new therocephalian from the
Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and new information on therocephalian systematics. In Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 98A-99A). 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA: SOC VERTEBRATE
777:
have affected the uniformity in colour and texture of the biozone rocks in areas. This includes the colour of the fossilized bones, which range from a smooth, white appearance to being nearly black depending on their proximity to the
692:
Assemblage Zone is located in the lower portion of the
Teekloof Formation west of 24°E, in the upper Middleton Formation and lower Balfour Formation east of 24°E. These formations all fall within the Adelaide Subgroup of the
1042:
1595:
NICOLAS, MERRILL; RUBIDGE, BRUCE S. (March 2010). "Changes in Permo-Triassic terrestrial tetrapod ecological representation in the
Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa".
1543:
Smith, R.M.H. (1995-08-01). "Changing fluvial environments across the
Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa and possible causes of tetrapod extinctions".
2108:
Kammerer, Christian F.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2016-10-03). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper
Permian Kundaram Formation of India".
810:
species. It is arranged into lower and upper zones due to the appearance or frequency of certain fossils. The lower zones are characterized by the first appearance of the
1941:
1782:
Sidor, Christian A.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2007-06-01). "A second burnetiamorph therapsid from the
Permian Teekloof Formation of South Africa and its associated fauna".
1751:
1164:
1110:
1955:
Nasterlack, Tobias; Canoville, Aurore; Chinsamy, Anusuya (2012-11-01). "New
Insights into the Biology of the Permian Genus Cistecephalus (Therapsida, Dicynodontia)".
2050:
Dias da Silva, Sérgio (2011-03-01). "Middle-Late
Permian tetrapods from the Rio do Rasto Formation, Southern Brazil: a biostratigraphic reassessment".
1647:
Hancox, P.J; Rubidge, B.S (2001-01-01). "Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the
Beaufort group".
2174:
747:
in the biozone are found in these interchannel mudrock layers as animal remains that came to rest on the floodplains were quickly buried by
751:
washed downstream. Articulated fossils are not commonly found. However, isolated skulls are fairly common and are usually found encased in
1684:"Dyke-sill relationships in Karoo dolerites as indicators of propagation and emplacement processes of mafic magmas in the shallow crust"
2017:"Pareiasaurids from the Rio do Rasto Formation, southern Brazil: Biostratigraphic implications for Permian faunas of the Paraná Basin"
2143:
1879:
Damiani, Ross J. (2004-01-01). "Temnospondyls from the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin) of South Africa and Their Biostratigraphy".
1245:"Researches on the Structure, Organization, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part IX., Section 4. On the Gomphodontia"
2179:
177:
2021:
190:
1714:
1073:
1916:"A dicynodont trackway from the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone in the Karoo, East of Graaff-Reinet, South Africa"
1830:
1817:
Sidor, C. A.; Welman, J. (2003-09-01). "A second specimen of lemurosaurus pricei (therapsida: burnetiamorpha)".
1491:
Keyser, A. W. (1979). A review of the biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.
557:
divisions were approved by paleontologists of the time and were left largely unchanged for several decades. The
1795:
1010:
1047:
1137:
Merrill, van der Walt; Michael, Day; Bruce, Rubidge; K., Cooper, Antony; Inge, Netterberg (December 2010).
1014:
2184:
973:
987:
1935:
1745:
1158:
1104:
398:. It is characterized by the presence of this species, known especially from the upper sections of this
1034:
339:
162:
1980:
1401:
Watson, D. M. S. (September 1913). "II.—The Beaufort Beds of the Karroo System of South Africa".
1266:
1225:
1002:
432:
327:
156:
2087:"The first biarmosuchian from the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia"
644:
fossils are extremely rare apart from the uppermost portion. It was suggested that, due to the
435:
in 1856. However, it was not until 1892 that it was observed that the geological strata of the
2125:
2067:
1972:
1923:
1896:
1834:
1799:
1722:
1664:
1612:
1560:
1480:
Vertebrate biozonation of the Beaufort Group with special reference to the western Karoo Basin
1461:
1449:
1418:
1383:
1344:
1305:
1217:
1146:
1081:
1052:
678:, the initial nomenclature of the biozone later overruled its renaming on historical grounds.
343:
166:
2117:
2059:
2030:
1964:
1888:
1826:
1791:
1695:
1656:
1604:
1552:
1410:
1375:
1336:
1297:
1256:
1209:
1201:
759:
755:
315:
2147:
995:
953:
698:
601:
1482:. Geological Survey, Department of Mineral And Energy Affairs, Republic of South Africa.
1190:"On the Discovery of the Fossil Remains of Bidental and other Reptiles in South Africa"
839:
816:
782:
774:
770:
767:
725:
701:
694:
664:
650:
605:
597:
451:
436:
424:
407:
371:
311:
144:
1892:
1660:
2168:
2086:
2063:
2016:
1683:
1608:
1556:
1229:
982:
958:
940:
930:
925:
907:
883:
834:
795:
688:
674:
668:
640:
630:
624:
610:
569:
559:
521:
387:
355:
351:
331:
268:
220:
70:
27:
1984:
1139:"A new GIS-based biozone map of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup), South Africa"
1205:
963:
891:
844:
827:
592:
581:
564:
529:
505:
493:
489:
485:
447:
375:
359:
335:
319:
279:
242:
224:
216:
31:
1915:
1435:
Kitching, J. W. (1970). A short review of the Beaufort zoning in South Africa. In
1138:
1968:
1508:
Kitching, J. W. (1984). A reassessment of the biozonation of the Beaufort Group.
724:, and fine sandstone. The sandstones are thought to have been deposited in broad
1123:
Rubidge, B. S. (1995). Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group(Karoo Supergroup).
968:
912:
872:
586:
545:
537:
513:
252:
45:
1213:
118:
1699:
1414:
1379:
1340:
1301:
1024:
998:
917:
902:
887:
867:
862:
811:
752:
737:
477:
470:
463:
403:
392:
90:
55:
2129:
2071:
1976:
1927:
1900:
1838:
1803:
1726:
1668:
1616:
1564:
1465:
1422:
1387:
1348:
1309:
1221:
1150:
1085:
654:
and its fossils being found throughout, the biozone should be renamed to the
314:, a majorly fossiliferous and geologically important geological group of the
878:
850:
830:
822:
807:
729:
721:
709:
395:
347:
95:
39:
2144:"Magnetostratigraphy – Background to stratigraphy across the PTB in Russia"
1261:
1244:
2035:
1730:
1089:
1325:"II.—The Zones of the Beaufort Beds of the Karroo System in South Africa"
896:
856:
763:
748:
717:
705:
303:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1715:"The role of fossils in interpreting the development of the Karoo Basin"
1074:"The role of fossils in interpreting the development of the Karoo Basin"
935:
921:
779:
733:
713:
659:
645:
635:
618:
577:
554:
497:
455:
428:
399:
382:
367:
323:
307:
134:
100:
75:
2121:
1270:
991:
977:
800:
744:
672:
Assemblage Zone. However, due to the biozone first being named after
614:
573:
440:
420:
1363:
1324:
1285:
1189:
1006:
803:
443:
2015:
Cisneros, Juan; Abdala, Fernando; Malabarba, Maria (2005-01-01).
1831:
10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0631:ASSOLP]2.0.CO;2
1249:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B
617:
were most abundant in a narrow band at the very top of the
916:, and some fish and plant species have also been found. A
1999:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1863:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1796:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[420:ASBTFT]2.0.CO;2
1766:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1631:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1579:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1527:
Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup).
1043:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa
1364:"V.—On the Permian and Triassic Faunas of South Africa"
1286:"V.—On the Permian and Triassic Faunas of South Africa"
934:
fossils are rare until the uppermost portion of the
285:
275:
263:
258:
248:
230:
212:
207:
199:
186:
173:
151:
140:
130:
18:
1545:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
762:are often fragmented. In addition, Jurassic-aged
634:Band". Later, researchers sought to redefine the
567:in 1906, where Broom referred to the rock layers
1437:Second Gondwana Symposium Proceedings and Papers
1493:Geocongress, Geological Society of South Africa
576:were found in as the "Kistecephalus beds". The
580:was originally assigned to a far more broader
1478:Keyser, A. W., & Smith, R. M. H. (1978).
920:track way is also known in an outcrop of the
8:
1940:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1750:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1682:Coetzee, André; Kisters, Alex (2017-03-01).
1163:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1109:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
848:, and numerous Gorgonopsian species such as
697:, sediments of which were formed in a large
458:, which he named (from oldest to youngest):
1194:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
799:biozone is well known for its diversity of
584:range between the uppermost occurrence of
117:
15:
2034:
2001:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1865:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1768:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1633:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1581:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1529:South African Committee of Stratigraphy.
1260:
962:zone to geological formations outside of
1713:J., Hancox, P.; S., Rubidge, B. (1997).
1072:J., Hancox, P.; S., Rubidge, B. (1997).
906:have been found in the upper zones. The
662:was then, for a brief time, renamed the
1064:
439:could be differentiated based on their
427:rocks that encompass the current eight
1933:
1743:
1156:
1102:
446:. The initial undertaking was done by
310:found in the Adelaide Subgroup of the
203:up to 984.252 ft (300.000 m)
476:Zone of "highly specialized group of
7:
1009:. The zone also correlates with the
563:Assemblage Zone was first coined by
2022:Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia
2005:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1869:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1772:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1637:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1585:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1533:. Pretoria, Council for Geoscience.
1005:of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley in
708:. The sedimentary rocks are mainly
648:containing the first appearance of
1957:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1819:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1784:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1188:Bain, Andrew Geddes (1845-02-01).
402:, and the first appearance of the
14:
1649:Journal of African Earth Sciences
488:named were subdivided further by
2064:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2011.00263.x
1609:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00171.x
1454:South African Journal of Science
1027:
366:Assemblage Zone is one of eight
235:
2085:Sidor, Christian (2015-04-09).
2175:South African assemblage zones
1206:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1845.001.01.72
826:. Other species found are the
1:
1914:J, de Klerk, William (2002).
1893:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70315-4
1688:Journal of Structural Geology
1661:10.1016/S0899-5362(01)00081-1
1323:Watson, D. M. S. (May 1914).
1997:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
1969:10.1080/02724634.2012.697410
1861:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
1764:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
1629:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
1577:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
1557:10.1016/0031-0182(94)00119-S
1525:Rubidge, B. S. (ed.) 1995b.
972:snout was discovered in the
740:that flanked these streams.
326:has outcrops located in the
986:fossils have been found in
500:(from oldest to youngest):
2201:
1362:Broom, R. (January 1906).
1284:Broom, R. (January 1906).
890:, and rare occurrences of
732:streams flowed, while the
374:, and is considered to be
2003:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1867:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1770:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1700:10.1016/j.jsg.2017.03.002
1635:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1583:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1531:Biostratigraphic Series 1
1415:10.1017/S0016756800127219
1380:10.1017/S001675680012271X
1341:10.1017/S001675680019675X
1302:10.1017/S001675680012271X
866:. In addition species of
758:. Fossils not encased in
621:. He named this area the
608:. Kitching observed that
124:Cistecephalus microrhinus
116:
26:
956:have been made with the
484:These proposed biozones
147:within Adelaide Supgroup
2110:Papers in Palaeontology
2091:Palaeontologia Africana
1920:Palaeontologia Africana
1719:Palaeontologia Africana
1143:Palaeontologia Africana
1125:Biostratigraphic series
1078:Palaeontologia Africana
1048:Geology of South Africa
496:proposed the following
492:between 1906 and 1909.
1439:(Vol. 1, pp. 309–312).
1262:10.1098/rstb.1895.0001
1243:Seeley, H. G. (1895).
1015:Vyazovskaya Formations
1001:was discovered in the
974:Rio do Rasto Formation
2036:10.4072/rbp.2005.1.02
658:Assemblage Zone. The
590:and the lowermost of
391:, a small, burrowing
2180:Permian South Africa
1450:"Inside front cover"
743:The majority of the
1403:Geological Magazine
1368:Geological Magazine
1329:Geological Magazine
1290:Geological Magazine
1214:2027/uc1.c034667778
1035:Paleontology portal
988:Madumabisa Mudstone
736:accumulated on the
450:who subdivided the
448:Harry Govier Seeley
431:were discovered by
423:to be found in the
306:assemblage zone or
163:Middleton Formation
28:Stratigraphic range
1003:Kundaram Formation
994:. Recently, a new
944:Band" is located.
749:alluvial sediments
716:layers containing
433:Andrew Geddes Bain
346:respectively from
344:Balfour Formations
328:Teekloof Formation
157:Teekloof Formation
2122:10.1002/spp2.1055
1881:Gondwana Research
1460:(2). 1979-02-01.
1053:Fremouw Formation
728:plains where low-
596:. Decades later,
293:
292:
167:Balfour Formation
38:257.5–254.5
2192:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:. Archived from
2140:
2134:
2133:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2012:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1963:(6): 1396–1410.
1952:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1876:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1779:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1729:. Archived from
1710:
1704:
1703:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1655:(3–4): 563–577.
1644:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1592:
1586:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1540:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1088:. Archived from
1069:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:
952:Correlations in
806:, especially of
704:in southwestern
602:biostratigraphic
381:The name of the
316:Karoo Supergroup
241:
239:
238:
165:& lowermost
121:
112:
42:
16:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1996:
1992:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1932:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1763:
1759:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1624:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1551:(1–2): 81–104.
1542:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1520:
1507:
1503:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1155:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1023:
954:biostratigraphy
950:
884:Therocephalians
842:species namely
791:
684:
628:acme zone" or "
417:
338:, in the upper
300:Assemblage Zone
236:
234:
194:Assemblage Zone
181:Assemblage Zone
160:
126:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
34:
22:Assemblage Zone
12:
11:
5:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2135:
2116:(4): 569–584.
2100:
2077:
2058:(1): 109–120.
2042:
2007:
1990:
1947:
1906:
1887:(1): 165–173.
1871:
1854:
1844:
1825:(3): 631–642.
1809:
1790:(2): 420–430.
1774:
1757:
1705:
1674:
1639:
1622:
1587:
1570:
1535:
1518:
1501:
1484:
1471:
1441:
1428:
1409:(9): 388–393.
1393:
1354:
1335:(5): 203–208.
1315:
1276:
1235:
1200:(1): 317–318.
1180:
1170:
1129:
1116:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1022:
1019:
1011:Malokinelskaya
949:
946:
817:Aulacephalodon
790:
787:
775:Beaufort Group
702:foreland basin
695:Beaufort Group
683:
680:
665:Aulacephalodon
656:Aulacephalodon
651:Aulacephalodon
606:Beaufort Group
604:ranges of the
598:James Kitching
551:
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
510:
482:
481:
474:
467:
464:Pareiasaurians
452:Beaufort Group
437:Beaufort Group
425:Beaufort Group
416:
413:
408:Aulacephalodon
372:Beaufort Group
330:north-west of
312:Beaufort Group
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
265:
261:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
232:
228:
227:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
171:
170:
153:
149:
148:
145:Beaufort Group
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
114:
113:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
24:
23:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2197:
2186:
2185:Wuchiapingian
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2150:on 2019-02-16
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1852:PALEONTOLOGY.
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1733:on 2018-05-28
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1178:PALEONTOLOGY.
1174:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1092:on 2018-05-28
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:cistecephalid
993:
989:
985:
984:
983:Cistecephalus
979:
975:
971:
970:
965:
961:
960:
959:Cistecephalus
955:
947:
945:
943:
942:
941:Cistecephalus
937:
933:
932:
931:Cistecephalus
927:
926:Graaff-Reinet
923:
919:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:
899:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
852:
847:
846:
841:
840:Burnetiamorph
837:
836:
835:Herpetoskylax
832:
829:
828:Biarmosuchian
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
802:
798:
797:
796:Cistecephalus
788:
786:
784:
781:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:
696:
691:
690:
689:Cistecephalus
681:
679:
677:
676:
675:Cistecephalus
671:
670:
669:Cistecephalus
666:
661:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
642:
641:Cistecephalus
637:
633:
632:
631:Cistecephalus
627:
626:
625:Cistecephalus
620:
616:
613:
612:
611:Cistecephalus
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
589:
588:
583:
582:stratigraphic
579:
575:
572:
571:
570:Cistecephalus
566:
562:
561:
560:Cistecephalus
556:
548:
547:
543:
540:
539:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
523:
522:Kistecephalus
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
502:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
460:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:
390:
389:
388:Cistecephalus
384:
379:
377:
373:
370:found in the
369:
365:
364:Cistecephalus
361:
357:
356:Graaff-Reinet
353:
352:Northern Cape
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Beaufort West
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
298:Cistecephalus
288:
284:
281:
278:
274:
271:
270:
269:Cistecephalus
266:
262:
257:
254:
251:
247:
244:
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
195:
193:
189:
185:
182:
180:
179:Daptocephalus
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
125:
120:
115:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:Cistecephalus
17:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:the original
2138:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2026:
2020:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1936:cite journal
1919:
1909:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1847:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1746:cite journal
1735:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1718:
1708:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1603:(1): 45–59.
1600:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1374:(1): 29–30.
1371:
1367:
1357:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1296:(1): 29–30.
1293:
1289:
1279:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1159:cite journal
1142:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1105:cite journal
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1077:
1067:
981:
967:
964:South Africa
957:
951:
948:Correlations
939:
929:
911:
908:temnospondyl
901:
895:
892:parareptiles
877:
871:
861:
855:
849:
845:Lemurosaurus
843:
833:
821:
815:
794:
792:
789:Paleontology
742:
687:
685:
673:
663:
655:
649:
639:
629:
622:
609:
600:revised the
593:Lystrosaurus
591:
585:
568:
565:Robert Broom
558:
552:
544:
536:
530:Lystrosaurus
528:
520:
512:
506:Pareiasaurus
504:
490:Robert Broom
483:
418:
406:
386:
380:
376:Late Permian
363:
360:Eastern Cape
336:Western Cape
320:South Africa
297:
296:
294:
286:Year defined
280:Robert Broom
267:
259:Type section
243:South Africa
225:Western Cape
192:Tropidostoma
191:
178:
169:east of 24°E
159:west of 24°E
123:
32:Late Permian
19:
1694:: 172–188.
1516:(1), 12–13.
1017:of Russia.
969:Endothiodon
938:where the "
913:Rhinesuchus
888:Pareiasaurs
873:Endothiodon
868:Dicynodonts
738:floodplains
587:Endothiodon
546:Cynognathus
538:Procolophon
514:Endothiodon
478:theriodonts
471:Dicynodonts
454:into three
354:to east of
253:Karoo Basin
2169:Categories
2154:2019-03-15
1737:2018-05-28
1510:Paleo News
1096:2018-05-28
1059:References
999:dicynodont
918:dicynodont
910:amphibian
903:Milleretta
863:Dinogorgon
812:dicynodont
783:intrusions
771:intrusions
766:sheet and
753:calcareous
419:The first
404:dicynodont
393:dicynodont
385:refers to
342:and lower
289:1906, 1909
161:Uppermost
2130:2056-2802
2072:0024-1164
2029:: 13–24.
1977:0272-4634
1928:0078-8554
1901:1342-937X
1839:0272-4634
1804:0272-4634
1727:0078-8554
1669:1464-343X
1617:0024-1164
1565:0031-0182
1466:0038-2353
1423:1469-5081
1388:1469-5081
1349:1469-5081
1310:1469-5081
1230:128602890
1222:0370-291X
1151:0078-8554
1086:0078-8554
879:Diictodon
851:Lycaenops
831:therapsid
823:Oudenodon
808:therapsid
773:into the
730:sinuosity
722:siltstone
710:sandstone
682:Lithology
638:again as
469:Zone of "
462:Zone of "
396:therapsid
348:Colesberg
340:Middleton
264:Named for
200:Thickness
174:Underlies
152:Sub-units
1985:86333197
1499:, 13–31.
1255:: 1–57.
1021:See also
924:east of
897:Owenetta
894:such as
870:such as
857:Rubidgea
814:species
780:dolerite
764:dolerite
726:alluvial
718:mudstone
706:Gondwana
699:retroarc
498:biozones
456:biozones
429:biozones
378:in age.
368:biozones
304:tetrapod
276:Named by
221:Northern
208:Location
187:Overlies
2052:Lethaia
1597:Lethaia
936:biozone
922:biozone
760:nodules
756:nodules
745:fossils
734:mudrock
714:mudrock
660:biozone
646:biozone
636:biozone
619:biozone
615:fossils
578:biozone
574:fossils
555:biozone
421:fossils
415:History
400:biozone
383:biozone
358:in the
350:of the
334:in the
324:biozone
322:. This
308:biozone
231:Country
217:Eastern
155:Middle
141:Unit of
135:Biozone
107:↓
2128:
2097:: 1–7.
2070:
1983:
1975:
1926:
1899:
1837:
1802:
1725:
1667:
1615:
1563:
1464:
1421:
1386:
1347:
1308:
1269:
1228:
1220:
1149:
1084:
992:Zambia
980:, and
978:Brazil
860:, and
801:fossil
553:These
486:Seeley
441:fossil
362:. The
249:Extent
240:
223:&
213:Region
1981:S2CID
1271:91793
1267:JSTOR
1226:S2CID
1007:India
966:. An
804:fauna
494:Broom
302:is a
2126:ISSN
2068:ISSN
1973:ISSN
1942:link
1924:ISSN
1897:ISSN
1835:ISSN
1800:ISSN
1752:link
1723:ISSN
1665:ISSN
1613:ISSN
1561:ISSN
1462:ISSN
1419:ISSN
1384:ISSN
1345:ISSN
1306:ISSN
1218:ISSN
1165:link
1147:ISSN
1111:link
1082:ISSN
1013:and
900:and
876:and
820:and
793:The
768:dike
686:The
549:beds
541:beds
533:beds
525:beds
517:beds
509:beds
444:taxa
295:The
131:Type
46:PreꞒ
2118:doi
2060:doi
2031:doi
1965:doi
1889:doi
1827:doi
1792:doi
1696:doi
1657:doi
1605:doi
1553:doi
1549:117
1411:doi
1376:doi
1337:doi
1298:doi
1257:doi
1253:186
1210:hdl
1202:doi
990:in
976:in
318:in
2171::
2124:.
2112:.
2095:49
2093:.
2089:.
2066:.
2056:45
2054:.
2025:.
2019:.
1979:.
1971:.
1961:32
1959:.
1938:}}
1934:{{
1922:.
1918:.
1895:.
1883:.
1833:.
1823:23
1821:.
1798:.
1788:27
1786:.
1748:}}
1744:{{
1721:.
1717:.
1692:97
1690:.
1686:.
1663:.
1653:33
1651:.
1611:.
1601:43
1599:.
1559:.
1547:.
1512:,
1495:,
1458:75
1456:.
1452:.
1417:.
1407:10
1405:.
1382:.
1370:.
1366:.
1343:.
1331:.
1327:.
1304:.
1292:.
1288:.
1265:.
1251:.
1247:.
1224:.
1216:.
1208:.
1196:.
1192:.
1161:}}
1157:{{
1145:.
1141:.
1107:}}
1103:{{
1080:.
1076:.
928:.
886:,
882:,
854:,
838:,
785:.
720:,
712:,
411:.
219:,
96:Pg
40:Ma
30::
2157:.
2132:.
2120::
2114:2
2074:.
2062::
2039:.
2033::
2027:8
1987:.
1967::
1944:)
1930:.
1903:.
1891::
1885:7
1841:.
1829::
1806:.
1794::
1754:)
1740:.
1702:.
1698::
1671:.
1659::
1619:.
1607::
1567:.
1555::
1514:4
1497:2
1468:.
1425:.
1413::
1390:.
1378::
1372:3
1351:.
1339::
1333:1
1312:.
1300::
1294:3
1273:.
1259::
1232:.
1212::
1204::
1198:1
1167:)
1153:.
1127:.
1113:)
1099:.
667:-
623:"
480:"
473:"
466:"
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
35:~
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
