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Colour is an influential element of fashion and clothing aesthetics; it has great value for both the user and the brand. Colour is one of the most significant features in attracting customers to buy a product or garment, and retaining of the original colour is one of the important quality parameters
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pertains to the capacity of textile materials, such as fabrics or garments, to maintain their original colour and appearance after undergoing multiple washing and laundering processes. It signifies the textile's ability to endure repeated washing without experiencing fading, bleeding, or other
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Fading, change in colour, and staining of adjacent textile materials were common complaints of poor quality materials. Standardized testing for colour fastness and other parameters was established in the 20th century by industrialized economies such as the US, the UK, Japan, and Europe. The
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fastness are the main forms of colour fastness that are standardized. The light fastness of textile dye is categorized from one to eight and the wash fastness from one to five, with a higher number indicating better fastness.
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when applied to cotton, which may result far better fastness than direct dyes. Covalent bond is a stronger bond, caused by correlations in the fluctuating polarizations of nearby particles (a consequence of
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Dyes are intensely colored or fluorescent organic substances that impart color to a substrate by selective absorption of ... mechanical retention, or by the formation of ionic or covalent chemical bonds.
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to which it is being applied. Dyes are classified according to their solubility and chemical properties. Dyes are selected according to affinity; any given dye does not apply to every type of
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42:. Colour fastness is the property of dyes and it is directly proportional to the binding force between photochromic dye and the fibre. The colour fastness may also be affected by
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There are various tests and testing methods according to the physical and functional requirements of the product. For example, fastness to saliva may be important for
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Lightfastness is a characteristic of a colourant, such as dye or pigment, which denotes its ability to resist fading when subjected to light exposure.
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including attraction and repulsions between atoms, molecules, and surfaces, as well as other intermolecular forces.
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606:"ISO 105-C12:2004(en) Textiles - Tests for colour fastness — Part C12: Colour fastness to industrial laundering"
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of coloured textiles. Colour fastness is rated poor if the item does not comply with tests exposing it to
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undesirable alterations. The washing fastness of the dyed material is determined by factors such as the
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Oger, B. (1996). "Fastness to Light and
Washing of Direct Dyes for Cellulosic Textiles".
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53:. In general, clothing should be tested for colour fastness before using
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results in poor fastness properties when washing. The bond differs from
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229:. European and US retailers use ISO and AATCC standards respectively.
145:. Different binding forces act between the dye and substrate, such as
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Colour fastness test report with grading for demonstration purpose
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as an exception do not bind chemically with textile materials.
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AATCC Test
Methods - Textile Testing Research and Development
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Grey scales for assessing the grades of colour fastness
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421:"Learn How to Understand the Label on a Tube of Paint"
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played vital roles in establishing the test methods.
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is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the
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Shore, J.; Colourists, Society of Dyers and (2002).
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409:. Internet Archive. Hoechst Celanese. p. 16.
225:and perspiration and light are important for a
212:International Organization for Standardization
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8:
1316:Laundry and Dry Cleaning International Union
523:"Color Fastness: Colour Fastness to Washing"
406:Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology
49:The term is usually used in the context of
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974:Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands
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581:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
30:materials—that characterizes a material's
16:A colour's resistance to fading or running
501:"The Indian Textile Journal - Volume 114"
46:and choice of chemicals and auxiliaries.
559:Engineering of High-Performance Textiles
238:
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528:. i-merino. 2011-10-11. Archived from
291:Colorants and Auxiliaries: Auxiliaries
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476:Textile Production in Pre-Roman Italy
7:
1430:Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States
101:, or different alkaline conditions.
382:. Science Publishers. p. 363.
376:Choudhury, A. K. Roy (2006-01-09).
294:. Society of Dyers and Colourists.
193:, rubbing and other agents such as
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561:. Elsevier Science. p. 174.
1468:Baths and wash houses in Britain
1329:Worshipful Company of Launderers
1321:Laundry Workers Industrial Union
557:John H Xin, Menghe Miao (2017).
455:(245): 66080. 19 December 1994.
201:Test methods for colour fastness
251:"Bonds between dyes and fibres"
216:Society of Dyers and Colourists
93:from the textile material into
459:Dyes are used to color fabrics
379:Textile Preparation and Dyeing
1:
1311:Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance
499:Rutnagur, Sorabji M. (2004).
180:Importance of colour fastness
478:. Oxybow books. p. 76.
82:washing fastness of textiles
57:or other cleaning products.
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505:The Indian Textile Journal
129:Dye and the binding forces
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255:Science Progress (1933- )
1021:Glossary of dyeing terms
841:Traditional textile dyes
343:Studies in Conservation
1519:Properties of textiles
1077:List of laundry topics
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249:Rattee, I. D. (1964).
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22:is a term—used in the
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708:Reactive dye printing
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44:processing techniques
1488:Self-service laundry
1325:Project Laundry List
322:on December 20, 2016
147:Van der Waals forces
1423:Barbier v. Connolly
1451:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1355:Industrial laundry
1124:Combo washer dryer
848:Armenian cochineal
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1101:Laundry detergent
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389:978-1-57808-404-3
301:978-0-901956-78-1
34:'s resistance to
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1437:Muller v. Oregon
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318:. Archived from
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261:(208): 581–592.
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168:quantum dynamics
89:and rate of dye
76:Washing fastness
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775:Types of dyes
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535:on 2011-10-11
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1478:Laundry room
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1396:Laundry ball
1350:Housekeeping
1274:
1180:Clothes line
1139:Wet cleaning
1129:Dry cleaning
1026:List of dyes
898:Dyer's broom
853:Black walnut
558:
552:
542:– via
537:. Retrieved
530:the original
517:
508:
504:
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428:. Retrieved
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324:. Retrieved
320:the original
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220:
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195:perspiration
183:
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132:
108:
81:
79:
59:
48:
19:
18:
1374:Accessories
1365:Washerwoman
1190:Hills Hoist
1149:Wash copper
807:Substantive
725:RĹŤketsuzome
718:Ring dyeing
326:December 1,
161:bonding in
1508:Categories
1493:Tvättstuga
1473:Dhobi Ghat
1381:Clothespin
1244:Box mangle
1200:Dryer ball
983:Craft dyes
744:Tsutsugaki
651:Techniques
539:2020-10-07
430:2023-08-06
233:References
227:golf shirt
214:(ISO) and
151:Direct dye
91:desorption
87:solubility
1290:Shrinkage
1237:Finishing
1226:Laundroid
1221:FoldiMate
1144:Washboard
1084:Chemicals
1014:Reference
868:Cochineal
858:Bloodroot
827:Discharge
684:Kalamkari
577:cite book
425:LiveAbout
267:0036-8504
210:(AATCC),
139:substrate
99:detergent
80:The term
1514:Textiles
1268:Concepts
938:Turmeric
883:Dyewoods
863:Brazilin
822:Disperse
797:Reactive
691:Katazome
474:(2008).
275:43426623
174:Pigments
159:covalent
1338:Culture
1285:Posting
1280:Fulling
1254:Ironing
1209:Folding
1117:Washing
1068:Laundry
1000:Procion
995:Inkodye
962:History
933:Saffron
918:Logwood
893:Gamboge
873:Cudbear
832:Pigment
802:Solvent
787:Natural
737:Tie-dye
732:Shibori
703:Mordant
698:Leheria
511:: 7–12.
363:1506527
187:washing
51:clothes
40:running
28:textile
1483:Lavoir
1461:Places
1401:Posser
1391:Hamper
1195:Mangle
1163:Drying
1091:Bleach
923:Madder
913:Kermes
908:Indigo
888:Fustic
812:Sulfur
713:Resist
675:Kasuri
663:Dyeing
644:Dyeing
565:
482:
386:
361:
298:
273:
265:
155:cotton
55:bleach
36:fading
32:colour
24:dyeing
1345:Dhobi
1295:Stain
990:Dylon
903:Henna
878:Cutch
753:YĹ«zen
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