43:
64:
222:
Surgery can help alleviate skin contractures in the form of skin grafts and removal of hypertrophic scars. For hypertrophic scars, timing is important when considering surgery, as over time scars will mature and may show decreased contractures along with flattening, softening, and repigmentation
134:
focuses on trying to prevent contractures from happening in the first place. However, research on sustained traction of connective tissue in approaches such as adaptive yoga has demonstrated that contracture can be reduced, at the same time that tendency toward spasticity is addressed.
210:
Large areas of missing skin (such as large burns, grazes, and gouges) drastically reduce the area of skin causing it to become tight when pulled together during wound healing. Scars initially lack elasticity with synthesis of elastic tissue fibres
867:
844:
1269:
968:
219:. Studies on hypertrophic scars have shown a lack of improvement to both elasticity and stiffness suggesting a prolonged healing phase without amelioration seen in a normal wound-healing curve.
1082:
366:
Lucia, Alejandro; Martinuzzi, Andrea; Nogales-Gadea, Gisela; Quinlivan, Ros; Reason, Stacey; International
Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease study group (December 2021).
203:. However, large wounds and abnormal wound healing cause skin contractures by excessively tightening the skin and limiting movement. A skin contracture due to a burn is known as a
1262:
961:
2333:
2071:
2006:
2652:
1255:
954:
119:). This results in the shortening and hardening of these tissues, ultimately causing rigidity, joint deformities and a total loss of movement around the joint.
1170:
90:
to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in
3074:
1994:
368:"Clinical practice guidelines for glycogen storage disease V & VII (McArdle disease and Tarui disease) from an international study group"
730:
536:
2982:
2323:
2064:
2206:
1650:
1422:
482:"Additional effect of iyengar yoga and EMG biofeedback on pain and functional disability in chronic unilateral knee osteoarthritis"
42:
2987:
2543:
1098:
1305:
91:
19:
This article refers to permanent shortening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments. For contracture of the muscle specifically, see
171:(internal scarring). Fibrosis occurs within a muscle or organ, whereas adhesions bind two separate tissues or organs together.
3038:
2057:
215:) being a function of duration and site of the scar. Deep wounds and abnormal wound healing causes abnormal scarring such as
1804:
Exaggerated cardiorespiratory response to exercise (tachycardia with tachypnea and/or hyperpnea (exercise hyperventilation))
1194:
149:
Contractures can have a variety of causes other than spasticity. In regards to muscle, these include (but not limited to):
2328:
2171:
1695:
1165:
257:
115:
Contractures develop usually when normally elastic tissues such as muscles or tendons are replaced by inelastic tissues (
68:
2679:
2647:
2150:
1488:
729:
Rapp, Scott J.; Rumberg, Aaron; Visscher, Marty; Billmire, David A.; Schwentker, Ann S.; Pan, Brian S. (February 2015).
3069:
1131:
262:
2491:
252:
178:
3002:
2720:
2025:
1859:
341:
272:
157:
2616:
2608:
2368:
1121:
894:
1959:
2847:
2842:
2501:
2221:
1788:
1463:
112:, but can also be due to the congenital abnormal development of muscles and connective tissue in the womb.
3043:
2852:
2689:
2684:
2469:
2284:
2165:
1803:
1643:
1440:
1279:
1189:
1116:
3031:
2817:
2777:
2621:
2591:
2464:
2013:
1690:
1361:
237:
204:
564:
108:
in a concentrated muscle area, such as is seen in the tightest muscles of people with conditions like
2992:
2631:
2536:
2496:
2211:
2201:
2124:
2080:
2001:
1783:
1315:
1177:
242:
127:
2827:
2797:
2378:
2373:
2144:
2131:
2114:
1989:
1925:
1417:
1371:
1229:
1182:
1111:
1069:
871:
164:
619:"Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies"
2962:
2941:
2900:
2767:
2279:
2231:
2196:
2033:
1964:
1915:
1839:
1819:
1593:
1445:
1144:
1106:
807:
711:
405:
267:
144:
24:
20:
1224:
2812:
2807:
2762:
2459:
2454:
2343:
2338:
2250:
2216:
2097:
2037:
1849:
1798:
1636:
1617:
1310:
1077:
934:
799:
760:
703:
695:
656:
638:
617:
Gauglitz, Gerd G; Korting, Hans C; Pavicic, Tatiana; Ruzicka, Thomas; Jeschke, Marc G (2011).
592:
584:
513:
462:
444:
397:
389:
323:
216:
196:
50:
1628:
2957:
2921:
2226:
1808:
1612:
1601:
1473:
1054:
1046:
791:
750:
742:
687:
646:
630:
576:
503:
493:
452:
436:
379:
313:
305:
123:
109:
95:
2529:
2018:
1834:
1748:
1605:
1583:
1562:
1468:
1027:
199:, where the edges of the skin are pulled together to close the wound, is a normal part of
83:
63:
2243:
1149:
731:"Establishing a Reproducible Hypertrophic Scar following Thermal Injury: A Porcine Model"
3014:
3009:
2832:
2699:
2383:
2183:
2157:
2119:
1948:
1910:
1829:
1778:
1758:
1753:
1731:
1531:
1498:
1353:
1338:
1320:
1247:
1219:
1001:
880:
755:
691:
651:
618:
508:
481:
457:
424:
318:
293:
232:
888:
884:
876:
779:
3063:
3048:
2931:
2895:
2890:
2752:
2694:
2586:
2388:
2238:
2136:
2109:
1937:
1854:
1366:
1343:
1006:
996:
795:
409:
212:
200:
811:
715:
3026:
2926:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2792:
2576:
2571:
2506:
2479:
2348:
2304:
2294:
1895:
1707:
1685:
1526:
1483:
1478:
1214:
1059:
1037:
899:
746:
2936:
2782:
2704:
2029:
1844:
1813:
1720:
1567:
977:
929:
55:
184:
In response to impending muscle damage associated with ATP (energy) deficiency,
2905:
2787:
2626:
2566:
2417:
2413:
2393:
2299:
1973:
1954:
1878:
1873:
1762:
1550:
1536:
1407:
1376:
1288:
1234:
1022:
861:
857:
853:
634:
580:
384:
131:
105:
102:
803:
699:
642:
588:
498:
448:
440:
393:
2757:
2450:
2105:
1969:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1432:
1412:
1390:
991:
905:
367:
75:
764:
675:
660:
596:
517:
466:
401:
327:
707:
3021:
2191:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1900:
1824:
1793:
1715:
1660:
1297:
247:
168:
156:(restriction of blood flow) leading to the death of muscle tissue, as in
153:
116:
23:. For short-term contraction of muscles that occurs during exercise, see
2049:
836:
309:
1869:
1680:
294:"Joint contracture following prolonged stay in the intensive care unit"
2741:
2581:
2552:
2442:
1864:
1664:
1521:
946:
848:
292:
Clavet H, HĂ©bert PC, Fergusson D, Doucette S, Trudel G (March 2008).
1905:
1727:
1330:
87:
62:
1799:
Inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise (tachycardia)
910:
2880:
1672:
1554:
1455:
1088:
2525:
2053:
1632:
1251:
950:
1399:
1139:
94:), or resolve over time but reoccur later in life (such as in
425:"The collagen VI-related myopathies: muscle meets its matrix"
2521:
130:
and other exercise regimens targeted towards people with
86:, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the
826:
674:
Roten, S. V.; Bhat, S.; Bhawan, J. (February 1996).
480:
Nambi, Gopal S & Amisha Atul Kumar Shah (2013).
2975:
2950:
2914:
2863:
2740:
2733:
2713:
2672:
2665:
2640:
2607:
2600:
2559:
2478:
2441:
2434:
2402:
2357:
2312:
2293:
2272:
2263:
2182:
2096:
2087:
1982:
1888:
1771:
1741:
1706:
1671:
1576:
1549:
1497:
1454:
1431:
1398:
1389:
1352:
1329:
1296:
1287:
1207:
1158:
1130:
1097:
1068:
1045:
1036:
1015:
984:
920:
830:
49:
35:
2334:Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
778:Linares, Hugo A.; Larson, Duane L. (1976-10-01).
563:Kwan, Peter O.; Tredget, Edward E. (2017-05-01).
735:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open
565:"Biological Principles of Scar and Contracture"
187:Congenital abnormalities of muscle development.
2653:Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
2537:
2065:
1644:
1263:
962:
8:
1171:Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
2737:
2669:
2604:
2544:
2530:
2522:
2438:
2309:
2269:
2093:
2072:
2058:
2050:
1651:
1637:
1629:
1395:
1293:
1270:
1256:
1248:
1042:
969:
955:
947:
827:
41:
32:
754:
650:
507:
497:
456:
383:
317:
16:Permanent shortening of a muscle or joint
2120:Stenosing tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)
780:"Elastic tissue and hypertrophic scars"
284:
101:It is usually in response to prolonged
1995:Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
7:
612:
610:
608:
606:
558:
556:
531:
529:
527:
423:Bönnemann, Carsten G. (2011-06-21).
2983:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
2324:Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
1794:Dynamic symptoms (exercise-induced)
692:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1996.tb00775.x
14:
1423:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
2988:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
676:"Elastic fibers in scar tissue"
223:without surgical intervention.
3039:Post-traumatic stress disorder
680:Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
177:A muscle imbalance between an
1:
3075:Early complications of trauma
2329:Shoulder impingement syndrome
2172:Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
1166:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
486:International Journal of Yoga
179:agonist and antagonist muscle
67:Hand contractures as seen in
2680:Advanced trauma life support
2648:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
2151:Synovial osteochondromatosis
1489:Patellofemoral pain syndrome
796:10.1016/0305-4179(76)90003-6
747:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000277
139:Causes of muscle contracture
1195:Adult-onset Still's disease
1132:Connective tissue disorders
342:"Definition of contracture"
3091:
142:
18:
2721:Resuscitative thoracotomy
2609:Clinical prediction rules
2026:Pseudoathletic appearance
1860:Intermittent claudication
635:10.2119/molmed.2009.00153
581:10.1016/j.hcl.2016.12.004
429:Nature Reviews. Neurology
385:10.1016/j.nmd.2021.10.006
163:Muscle injury leading to
40:
2617:Abbreviated Injury Scale
2369:Iliotibial band syndrome
1122:Enteropathic arthropathy
499:10.4103/0973-6131.113413
441:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.81
258:Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
69:Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
2848:Penetrating head injury
2843:Intracranial hemorrhage
2502:Aggressive fibromatosis
2492:Dupuytren's contracture
1960:Rippling muscle disease
1464:Chondromalacia patellae
372:Neuromuscular Disorders
253:Dupuytren's contracture
3044:Subcutaneous emphysema
3003:Volkmann's contracture
2853:Traumatic brain injury
2690:Early appropriate care
2685:Damage control surgery
2166:villonodular synovitis
1938:Muscle channelopathies
1789:Myogenic hyperuricemia
1441:Angular limb deformity
1190:Palindromic rheumatism
1117:Ankylosing spondylitis
1060:Tuberculosis arthritis
541:stanfordhealthcare.org
273:Volkmann's contracture
263:Marden–Walker syndrome
158:Volkmann's contracture
110:spastic cerebral palsy
71:
2818:Thoracic aorta injury
2778:Diaphragmatic rupture
2622:Injury Severity Score
2592:Trauma triad of death
2081:Soft tissue disorders
1835:Hyperthyroid myopathy
1362:Boutonniere deformity
238:Burn scar contracture
205:burn scar contracture
66:
2993:Compartment syndrome
2632:Revised Trauma Score
2497:Plantar fibromatosis
2125:De Quervain syndrome
2002:Compartment syndrome
1830:Hypothyroid myopathy
1820:Metabolic myopathies
1784:Exercise intolerance
1732:Hypothyroid myopathy
1598:Abnormal angulation
1522:Bunion/hallux valgus
1316:Subacromial bursitis
1178:Rheumatoid arthritis
243:Capsular contracture
128:occupational therapy
2828:Blunt kidney trauma
2798:Pulmonary contusion
2379:Achilles tendinitis
2374:Patellar tendinitis
2145:osteochondromatosis
2132:Transient synovitis
2115:Calcific tendinitis
2014:Diastasis of muscle
1990:Myositis ossificans
1418:Protrusio acetabuli
1372:Swan neck deformity
1306:Adhesive capsulitis
1112:Psoriatic arthritis
310:10.1503/cmaj.071056
82:is a shortening of
3070:Muscular disorders
2942:Spinal cord injury
2901:Penetrating trauma
2768:Soft tissue injury
2280:Ligamentous laxity
2034:Muscle hypertrophy
2030:Muscle hyperplasia
1965:Periodic paralysis
1916:Muscle contracture
1840:Hypoparathyroidism
1594:Ligamentous laxity
1446:Unequal leg length
1145:systemic sclerosis
1107:Reactive arthritis
978:Diseases of joints
921:External resources
623:Molecular Medicine
268:Muscle contracture
217:hypertrophic scars
145:Muscle contracture
72:
25:Muscle contraction
21:Muscle contracture
3057:
3056:
2971:
2970:
2813:Internal bleeding
2808:Cardiac tamponade
2763:Joint dislocation
2729:
2728:
2661:
2660:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2339:Rotator cuff tear
2259:
2258:
2251:Calcific bursitis
2047:
2046:
2038:Pseudohypertrophy
1889:Abnormal movement
1772:Low ATP reservoir
1626:
1625:
1618:Joint dislocation
1545:
1544:
1385:
1384:
1311:Rotator cuff tear
1245:
1244:
1203:
1202:
1078:Chondrocalcinosis
944:
943:
378:(12): 1296–1310.
197:Wound contraction
61:
60:
30:Medical condition
3082:
2963:Pediatric trauma
2958:Geriatric trauma
2922:Abdominal trauma
2738:
2670:
2605:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2439:
2407:
2362:
2317:
2310:
2270:
2094:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
1809:Hitting the wall
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1613:Bone malrotation
1602:Valgus deformity
1474:Luxating patella
1396:
1294:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1230:Bouchard's nodes
1183:Felty's syndrome
1055:Septic arthritis
1043:
971:
964:
957:
948:
860:, M67.1, M72.0,
828:
816:
815:
775:
769:
768:
758:
726:
720:
719:
671:
665:
664:
654:
629:(1–2): 113–125.
614:
601:
600:
560:
551:
550:
548:
547:
533:
522:
521:
511:
501:
477:
471:
470:
460:
420:
414:
413:
387:
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
338:
332:
331:
321:
289:
192:Skin contracture
124:physical therapy
96:Bethlem myopathy
45:
33:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:
2967:
2946:
2910:
2859:
2734:Pathophysiology
2725:
2709:
2657:
2636:
2596:
2555:
2550:
2520:
2511:
2474:
2422:
2403:
2398:
2358:
2353:
2313:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2265:
2255:
2178:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2048:
2043:
2019:Diastasis recti
1978:
1945:Pseudo-myotonia
1884:
1767:
1749:Muscle weakness
1737:
1702:
1667:
1657:
1627:
1622:
1606:Varus deformity
1584:Joint stiffness
1572:
1563:Cauliflower ear
1541:
1493:
1469:Genu recurvatum
1450:
1427:
1381:
1348:
1325:
1283:
1280:musculoskeletal
1276:
1246:
1241:
1225:Heberden's node
1208:Noninflammatory
1199:
1154:
1126:
1093:
1064:
1032:
1028:Joint stiffness
1011:
980:
975:
945:
940:
939:
916:
915:
839:
825:
820:
819:
777:
776:
772:
728:
727:
723:
673:
672:
668:
616:
615:
604:
562:
561:
554:
545:
543:
535:
534:
525:
479:
478:
474:
422:
421:
417:
365:
364:
360:
351:
349:
340:
339:
335:
291:
290:
286:
281:
229:
194:
174:Immobilization,
147:
141:
92:McArdle disease
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3015:Rhabdomyolysis
3010:Crush syndrome
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2833:Splenic injury
2830:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2700:Trauma surgery
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2641:Investigations
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2405:other/general:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Calcaneal spur
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:Golfer's elbow
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2307:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Retrocalcaneal
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2158:Plica syndrome
2155:
2154:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1949:Brody myopathy
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1911:Fasciculations
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:Hypoxic muscle
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Muscle fatigue
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1759:Muscle atrophy
1756:
1754:Rhabdomyolysis
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:Hallux rigidus
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1339:Cubitus valgus
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1321:Winged scapula
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1220:Osteoarthritis
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1002:Oligoarthritis
999:
994:
988:
986:
982:
981:
976:
974:
973:
966:
959:
951:
942:
941:
938:
937:
925:
924:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
902:
891:
864:
840:
835:
834:
832:
831:Classification
824:
823:External links
821:
818:
817:
770:
721:
666:
602:
575:(2): 277–292.
552:
537:"Contractures"
523:
492:(2): 123–127.
472:
435:(7): 379–390.
415:
358:
346:www.cancer.gov
333:
283:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
233:Arthrogryposis
228:
225:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
182:
175:
172:
161:
143:Main article:
140:
137:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3087:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3050:
3049:Wound healing
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:Complications
2974:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Facial trauma
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Gunshot wound
2894:
2892:
2891:Electrocution
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Bone fracture
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Trauma center
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Resuscitation
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Metatarsalgia
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2285:Hypermobility
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:Synovial cyst
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:Ganglion cyst
2135:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:Tenosynovitis
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Pseudohypoxia
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1696:Delayed onset
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:Symptoms and
1654:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:General terms
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Mallet finger
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1344:Cubitus varus
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1007:Polyarthritis
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Monoarthritis
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
983:
979:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
949:
936:
932:
931:
927:
926:
923:
919:
912:
908:
907:
903:
901:
897:
896:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
869:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:
846:
842:
841:
838:
833:
829:
822:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
774:
771:
766:
762:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
725:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
670:
667:
662:
658:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
611:
609:
607:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
559:
557:
553:
542:
538:
532:
530:
528:
524:
519:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
476:
473:
468:
464:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
419:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
359:
347:
343:
337:
334:
329:
325:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
288:
285:
278:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
226:
224:
220:
218:
214:
213:elastogenesis
208:
206:
202:
201:wound healing
198:
191:
186:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
146:
138:
136:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
70:
65:
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
26:
22:
2997:
2927:Chest injury
2886:Crush injury
2876:Blunt trauma
2871:Blast injury
2793:Pneumothorax
2577:Traumatology
2572:Major trauma
2507:Knuckle pads
2483:
2480:Fibromatosis
2470:Eosinophilic
2404:
2359:
2349:Tennis elbow
2314:
2305:Tendinopathy
2295:Enthesopathy
2244:Baker's cyst
2207:Trochanteric
2164:
2143:
2098:Synoviopathy
1906:Muscle spasm
1896:Muscle cramp
1708:Inflammation
1686:Fibromyalgia
1663:relating to
1588:
1527:Hallux varus
1484:Patella baja
1479:Patella alta
1215:Hemarthrosis
1099:Seronegative
1085:(Pseudogout)
1038:Inflammatory
928:
904:
893:
866:
843:
787:
783:
773:
738:
734:
724:
686:(1): 37–42.
683:
679:
669:
626:
622:
572:
569:Hand Clinics
568:
544:. Retrieved
540:
489:
485:
475:
432:
428:
418:
375:
371:
361:
350:. Retrieved
348:. 2011-02-02
345:
336:
304:(6): 691–7.
301:
297:
287:
221:
209:
195:
148:
122:Most of the
121:
114:
100:
79:
73:
2998:Contracture
2951:Demographic
2937:Head injury
2783:Flail chest
2705:Trauma team
2484:contracture
2465:Necrotizing
2443:Fasciopathy
2264:Noncapsular
2212:Subacromial
2202:Prepatellar
1845:Hypokalemia
1814:Second wind
1742:Destruction
1721:Pyomyositis
1589:Contracture
1568:Torticollis
1282:deformities
930:MedlinePlus
741:(2): e309.
80:contracture
56:Orthopedics
36:Contracture
3064:Categories
2906:Stab wound
2788:Hemothorax
2714:Procedures
2673:Principles
2666:Management
2627:NACA score
2601:Assessment
2567:Polytrauma
2560:Principles
2418:Tendinosis
2414:Tendinitis
2360:lower limb
2315:upper limb
2300:Enthesitis
2184:Bursopathy
1974:Hypertonia
1955:Spasticity
1879:Alcoholism
1874:Starvation
1763:Amyotrophy
1661:conditions
1537:Hammer toe
1408:Coxa valga
1391:Lower limb
1377:Wrist drop
1289:Upper limb
1235:Osteophyte
1047:Infectious
1023:Joint pain
790:(1): 4–7.
546:2023-05-07
352:2023-05-06
279:References
132:spasticity
106:spasticity
103:hypertonic
2864:Mechanism
2758:Degloving
2451:Fasciitis
2394:Bone spur
2232:Iliopsoas
2197:Olecranon
2106:Synovitis
1970:Hypotonia
1517:Foot drop
1512:Flat feet
1507:Club foot
1413:Coxa vara
1278:Acquired
1150:Sjögren's
992:Arthritis
906:SNOMED CT
804:0305-4179
700:0303-6987
643:1076-1551
589:0749-0712
571:. Burns.
449:1759-4758
410:240123241
394:1873-2364
165:adhesions
76:pathology
51:Specialty
3022:Embolism
2435:Nonjoint
2273:Symptoms
2217:Achilles
2192:Bursitis
2088:Capsular
2007:Anterior
1933:Myotonia
1926:Adhesion
1921:Fibrosis
1901:Myokymia
1825:Diabetes
1728:Myoedema
1716:Myositis
1298:shoulder
1016:Symptoms
911:57048009
812:72414472
765:25750848
716:37823718
661:20927486
597:28363295
518:23930031
467:21691338
402:34848128
328:18332384
248:Clubfoot
227:See also
169:fibrosis
154:Ischemia
117:fibrosis
2804:Cardio
2460:Nodular
2455:Plantar
2227:Ischial
1870:Fasting
1681:Myalgia
1070:Crystal
985:General
900:D003286
756:4350315
708:8720985
652:3022978
509:3734638
458:5210181
319:2263098
84:muscles
2915:Region
2839:Neuro
2742:Injury
2582:Triage
2553:Trauma
1865:Scurvy
1665:muscle
935:003185
881:727.81
810:
802:
763:
753:
714:
706:
698:
659:
649:
641:
595:
587:
516:
506:
465:
455:
447:
408:
400:
392:
326:
316:
88:joints
2774:Resp
2266:joint
2090:joint
1983:Other
1691:Acute
1331:elbow
1159:Other
889:958.6
885:728.6
877:718.4
862:T79.6
858:M62.4
854:M24.5
808:S2CID
784:Burns
712:S2CID
406:S2CID
2881:Burn
2749:MSK
1673:Pain
1555:neck
1553:and
1551:Head
1499:foot
1456:knee
1354:hand
1089:Gout
1083:CPPD
895:MeSH
872:9-CM
800:ISSN
761:PMID
704:PMID
696:ISSN
657:PMID
639:ISSN
593:PMID
585:ISSN
514:PMID
463:PMID
445:ISSN
398:PMID
390:ISSN
324:PMID
298:CMAJ
167:and
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3032:fat
3027:air
2824:GI
1433:leg
1400:hip
1140:SLE
868:ICD
845:ICD
792:doi
751:PMC
743:doi
688:doi
647:PMC
631:doi
577:doi
504:PMC
494:doi
453:PMC
437:doi
380:doi
314:PMC
306:doi
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