542:. The project is dedicated to demystifying the vulva and making it visible. The project clears up ideas of norms and wants to encourage people to overcome the shame regarding vulvas that has developed over many centuries. Vulvaversity wants to dispel the myth of the vulva as it is portrayed in mainstream pornography in particular. As a vehicle for this visualization, Vulvaversity produced calendars, notepads, shopping lists, postcards. Vulvaversity deliberately refrains from aestheticizing or artistically depicting the photographed vulvas and thus shows unadulterated, unchanged images. The collective organizes film and discussion evenings, rooms for exchange, lectures and talks, and always provides the possibility to have a photo of one's own vulva taken in a mobile photo studio to have it published.
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memories of genitals. We pick up such terms, make these associations, and come to believe in the accounts of the world within which our understandings of vulvas make sense, in part, because these terms and associations are bandied about by people around us, from our childhoods onward. We pick them up as we pick up language. We share so many associations with our consociates that we seem to be able to understand what others mean, understand, and intend when they speak or act in a certain way regarding vulvas.
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1577:... unlike other words for women's genitals, this one sounds powerful – it demands to be taken seriously. In the twentieth century, its strength didn't diminish. ... it became the most offensive insult one man could throw at another. In 1987, at a test match in Pakistan, the umpire Shakoor Rana accused English captain Mike Gatting of unfair play. When Gatting denied it, Rana called him 'a fucking cheating cunt'. The fracas caused uproar. Yet only one newspaper,
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307:(how far does the depicted vulva correspond to the natural average). It was found that both men and women considered the vulvas after labiaplasty not only more attractive i.e. ideal (both societal and personal), but also more normal. This effect was even more pronounced for women than for men. Thus, vulvas with surgically removed or reduced labia minora were considered more normal than natural vulvas by most people. The authors conclude that:
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Muff March is about speaking back to a pornified culture which is pressuring women to go under the surgeon's knife and get a "designer vagina". We also want to shine a spotlight on the cosmetic surgeons who ruthlessly mine women's bodies to extract maximum profit. Now pornography is exposing women to
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The campaigns are intended to educate, empower and raise critical awareness about natural genital variation. Activists and supporters encourage women (and also men) to develop more positive attitudes towards the vulva and to accept anatomical variations as they are. Campaigners believe that the vulva
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The
Anthropologist Carlos Sulkin depicts this connection as a culturally associative network, whereby the tabooing of the vulva and problematic ideals of beauty are closely linked. There is a cultural norm in western societies to keep the vulva covered and concealed in public, to hide it and avoid it
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A whole generation of young women who have grown up with ready access to the
Internet are learning about their bodies and sexuality through this medium...Often the first and only way girls get to have a good look at other girls' naked genitals is through pornography, a false view of what real women
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Take the term "vulva". It means whatever it means to each one of us because of the association we make between it and other terms, concepts, images, and narratives for or about genitals, the body, sex, sexuality, beauty, pleasure, modesty, and so on, as well as with our personal experiences with and
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In an effort to make "real women" feel better about themselves, some labia proud ladies are taking shots at girls whose labia actually look like the imaginary "Barbie" ideal. Turns out, some girls are actually born like that. Labia, like boobs or entire bodies, come in all shapes, sizes, colors and
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The taboo and shameful public attitude towards the vulva is seen as the cause of these unrealistic expectations. Various initiatives aim to change this and want the vulva to be treated in public presentation and conversation as a normal body part. Demands include that female genitalia be allowed to
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The growing demand for labiaplasty surgery could be attributed to the fact that many women, as well as men, have unrealistic expectations regarding genital appearance. The cultural norm of covering the genitals in public creates a lack of a standard of comparison. Most explicit depictions of female
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Although the vulva is still a taboo in today's society, it is subject to an unrealistic ideal of beauty. Unlike most other parts of the body, the vulva is usually covered in public and hidden from the gaze of others, as expressed in the term "private parts". Most heterosexual girls and women rarely
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often serves as a symbol of virility and prowess, the vulva is associated with contradictory and oftentimes negative evaluations and meanings in western society. It is strongly sexualized as the object of erotic desire, but it is also often regarded as ugly, disgusting and unclean: something to be
267:. Pornography is usually produced in a commercial context and primarily addresses male customers. Therefore, these depictions of female genitalia are often "beautified" to suit commercial need (or in some countries for legal reasons), either by the selection of models with a certain anatomy or by
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New View is a New York City based, grassroots network of feminists, social scientists and health care providers. In a self-description, New View "is opposed to the growth of the unregulated and unmonitored genital cosmetic surgery industry that is medicalizing women's sexuality and creating new
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In many cultures, however, we also often find the opposite tendency to identify the vulva with powerful, mythical forces. This valuation of the vulva is found for both ancient
European and non-European cultures. In these mythologies, for example, the belief prevails that disaster can be averted
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pre-operative white vulvas and post-operative black vulvas. While, as expected, heterosexual men rate vulvas as more attractive than homosexual men, and heterosexual women rate vulvas as less attractive than lesbian women, the same pattern emerges here. Also in other
Western countries such as
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For instance, in much of the
English-speaking world, with few exceptions, we sense that vulvas and their surroundings should be kept from the sight of others in everyday life, and we dress and comport ourselves and speak in ways that take this for granted. As children, we picked this up and
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Another 2022 study that used a similar methodology not only found natural, unaltered vulvas - again when compared to vulvas that had undergone labiaplasty - to be rated as less normal and ideal, but in fact to be disgusting! Of note, this effect is moderated by race and most pronounced for
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Oswald, F., Walton, K. A., Khera, D., Champion, A., & Pedersen, C. L. (2022). Evaluations of Black and White female genitalia by labiaplasty status: A pre-registered contextualization, replication, and extension of findings on labial perceptions. The
Journal of Sex Research, 59(9),
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try to oppose the influence that pornography has on anatomic expectations. By encouraging women to release images of their vulvas and post photo submissions of anonymous vulvas on their websites, they want to establish a sphere for women to get realistic impressions of normal vulvas.
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Furthermore, these campaigns as well have been criticized for putting too much blame on the porn industry and the subjection to male desires. It is argued that even though this might be the case to a certain degree, other factors that boost these surgeries are basically ignored.
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The continuing repression of female sexuality, wherein direct exposure to female genitalia may elicit a sense of impropriety or disgust, and the resulting censorship of untucked labia in media, may contribute to the perceived normalcy of the more tucked in or invisible labial
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The aim is to educate men and women about normal female anatomy and its variations and break taboos surrounding the vulva. To achieve this, the vulva is recontextualized, for example, through public display and discourse in explicitly non-sexual contexts.
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However, the campaign itself has been criticized. By giving the false impression that protruding labia are the anatomical norm and small inner labia are the adaptation to beauty standards, it ignores the fact that many women have naturally small labia:
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men and women directly addressed the question of what aesthetic preferences both sexes have regarding the vulva. For this purpose, photos of vulvas with and without labiaplasty were shown, and the participants were asked to rate them on the dimensions
372:, an area synonymous with its private medical providers, in December 2011. More than 320 women paraded the street, with slogans like: "Keep your mits off our bits!", "There's nothing finer than my vagina!", and "Harley Street puts my chuff in a huff"
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see other vulvas besides their own. Male adolescents are often familiar with the appearance of vulvas only through pornographic images. Thus, for many people of both sexes, there are no realistic standards or possibilities for comparison.
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is sometimes used for these phenomena. There are many stigmatizations and myths concerning the vulva. Many girls and women are insecure about the appearance of their genitals, but do not dare to bring up the topic with family and friends.
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for which unrealistic beauty standards develop. While such ideals exist for numerous body regions, most of which are also far from average, there is little or no opportunity to correct or relativize these standards through social
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Gonzales-Alabastro, C., Eilber, K. S., Anger, J. T., & Berman, J. R. (2019). Female cosmetic genital reconstruction: a review of current trends, treatments, and techniques. Current sexual health reports, 11,
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1581:, dared print the expletive-laden exchange in full. Nearly twenty years later, in some quarters, it is used as a term of affection. Yet for most people the C-word is still a very offensive term ...".
411:. These include workshops to "celebrate the role of art in activism and to kick off a campus-based movement to celebrate genital diversity", "flash activism" in front of surgeon's offices, conferences (
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Oswald, F., Pedersen, C. L., & Matsick, J. L. (2022). Gayzing Women’s Bodies: Criticisms of Labia Depend on the Gender and Sexual
Orientation of Perceivers. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-14.
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textures. Shaming one to make another type feel better is bad news. Think of it in terms of thin women who are often shamed or shunned in support of body image advocacy for larger girls.
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should be seen as a normal part of the body that does not need to be hidden and made taboo, and that women should embrace that part of their body and stop being ashamed of their vulva.
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Courageous Cunts was a feminist website, founded in 2012, that focused on issues of body empowerment and genital self-awareness. Its primary concern was the critical reception of
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It is also a world in which the looks of vulvas are very much on the horizon of concern, with some women endowed with pretty slits while others have "ghastly" protruding bits.
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182:. This practice was used both in religious rituals, but was practiced in the context of secular festivals. Public exposure of the vulva became an act of empowerment.
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risks, norms and insecurities." The group initiated several events with the aim of empowering women and raising awareness for the topic under names such as the
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not be shipped without vulvas (in fact, "Barbie style" is a common term for an extensive form of labiaplasty in which the labia minora are completely removed).
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Skoda, K., Oswald, F. E., Shorter, L., & Pedersen, C. L. (2020). Perceptions of Female
Genitalia Following Labiaplasty. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-8.
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Kasten, E., & Hoffmann, K. (2019). Female genital esthetics: Comparison of preferences of men and women. Journal für Ästhetische
Chirurgie, 12, 95-103.
327:, the picture is similar: naturally developed inner labia are considered to be ugly and disgusting, a deformity that should ideally be surgically removed.
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of female bodies. Courageous Cunts considered itself to be part of the labia pride movement, with the aim of raising awareness for critical issues around
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Sulkin, C. D. L. (2022). "On dropping one's trousers and reclaiming relativism: a reply to 'The prosecution of
Dawoodi Bohra women' by Richard Shweder".
201:. The taboos and shame that affect the vulva in Western society are to be conquered and women are to find a relaxed way of dealing with the vulva again.
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The "labia pride" movement: Rebelling against the porn aesthetic, women are taking to the Internet to sing the praises of "endowed" women.
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Nurka, C. (2018). Female genital cosmetic surgery: deviance, desire and the pursuit of perfection. Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 9783319964898
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Herbenick, D., & Schick, V. (2011). Read my lips: A complete guide to the vagina and vulva. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
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ashamed of and hide. Unveiling or talking about the vulva are considered obscene, offensive and taboo in most situations. The term
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984:"Women's sexual pleasure and their vulvas celebrated in experimental art event aiming to remove the negativity from 'down there'"
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and empowering women to overcome body shame. The site ran a campaign during which women could publicly post photographs of their
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be depicted in the popular press (i.e. without the legal requirement of "photoshopping" the labia away, as is the case e.g. in
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and similar. It is supported by several independent feminist groups and based on diverse channels of communication such as
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49:) is the promotion of a raised awareness of the appearance of female genitalia and the breaking of taboos surrounding the
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Women post photographs of their vulvas "to publicly catalog normal genital diversity" and "counter unrealistic standards"
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The "Muff March" has been criticized for putting too much emphasis on pornography as a root cause of the problem. (See
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Anasyrma has inspired modern feminist activists and has been incorporated in art projects and workshops such as
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439:, also known as "designer vagina") has left many women insecure about the size and appearance of their labia.
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Alarming trend sees young girls wanting ‘Barbie genitals’ Girls as young as 13 are requesting the surgery.
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Vulvaversity is a collective of committed artists and project makers, originating in the German city of
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Blackledge, C. (2020). Raising the Skirt: The Unsung Power of the Vagina. Hachette UK, ISBN 147461583X
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in Lisbon depicting a vulva captioned with the Portuguese for "I am not what you define as a woman"
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Oeming, M. (2018). In Vulva Vanitas – The Rise of Labiaplasty in the West. On Cliteridectomy, 70.
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Chubak, B. (2020). Historical and Ethical Perspectives on Vulvoplasty. Sexual Medicine Reviews.
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the images. In practice, this means smoothing out irregularities and "digitally shortening" the
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the toxic myth that there is one "right" way for their labia to look. It's time to fight back.
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1533:"Révolution vulvienne: Contre l'image de la vulve parfaite, elles se rebellent sur Internet"
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1535:[Vulva Revolution: the Internet Rebellion against the Image of the Perfect Vulva].
530:"is one of the few remaining words in the English language with a genuine power to shock".
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to promote a natural genital image and protest against "porn aesthetics". Using the word "
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have a negative self-perception of their vulva and feel they have to be ashamed of it, and
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as a topic. In this context, unrealistic ideas of perfection and normativity thrive:
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Vagina dentata: Why men throughout history have been terrified of vaginas with teeth
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Feminist Activism to Challenge the New Industry of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery.
1406:"Women's self-submitted photos of their "imperfect" vaginas and all topics related"
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A woman holding a sign saying "Love your labia" at the Muff March in London, 2011
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1463:"Insecure About Your Vagina? Sharing a Photo on the Internet Won't Fix That"
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from the year 1629 (above) and a 21st century feminist art project (below)
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Schamlos glücklich: Warum sich jeder eine Vulva an die Wand hängen sollte
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and advocating boycotts against physicians and clinics that make use of
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Call It A Vulva: Why We Should Teach Kids Anatomical Terms For Genitals
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1306:"Vulvagraphics: An intervention in honor of female genital diversity!"
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1288:"Vulvagraphics: An Intervention in Honor of Female Genital Diversity"
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964:"Vulva Shaming & Vagina shaming – for real? We need confidence!"
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through the self-determined uncovering of the vulva, referred to as
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1343:"A Different Kind of Vulva Story: Las Vegas New View Conference"
622:, a Japanese artist who made a kayak out of a model of her vulva
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435:, as the trend towards cosmetic surgery on the female genitals (
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Taken together, these are the conditions for which many women:
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1235:(Press release). UK Feminista. 8 December 2011. Archived from
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733:"Labia liberation! The movement to end vulva anxiety for good"
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genitalia that people are confronted with are produced by the
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303:(what they think most other people consider to be ideal) and
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1065:"This Ain't No Porn Star Vagina: Large Labias Need Love Too"
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901:"Viva la vulva: why we need to talk about women's genitalia"
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Der Vulva-Abreißkalender aus Freiburg ist schon ausverkauft
775:"Viva La Vulva - Das Forum von und für junge Feministinnen"
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of the activist platform Courageous Cunts on an urban wall
34:
Raising awareness for the vulva at the Women's March in
1233:"Rise in 'designer vaginas' sparks Muff March protests"
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Protest for Labia awareness: Muff March in London, 2011
1028:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
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Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
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thereafter reproduced these associations and sense.
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3473:Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom
1270:"Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) Activism"
872:Gymnastique: Pourquoi les vulves font-elles peur?
589:, an Australian photo-book self-published in 2013
1004:"Taking the 'Shame Part' Out of Female Anatomy"
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1481:"Archived version of Courageous Cunts website"
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1440:"The Labia Pride Movement Has A Few Problems"
1208:"Hackney Feminist leads 'Muff March' protest"
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61:. Other names for this advocacy movement are
8:
1642:Guerilla Vulvas Take on Vaginal Rejuvenators
1310:Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality
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628:, a British artist best known for his work
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2435:African-American women's suffrage movement
1895:
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189:Sticker with artistic depiction of a vulva
1252:"Is the Muff March such a cunning stunt?"
754:"Vulvaversity: mal so richtig hinschauen"
2380:Discrimination against transgender women
1623:Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery, 90–98.
1571:. Series 1. 2006-01-30. 31 minutes in.
1502:Clark-Flory, Tracy (February 17, 2013).
1364:Fitzpatrick, Laura (19 November 2008).
712:Clark-Flory, Tracy (17 February 2013).
707:
705:
703:
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299:(what they themselves consider ideal),
250:Addressing unrealistic beauty standards
1063:Davies, Madeleine (18 February 2013).
1002:Gross, Rachel E. (21 September 2021).
945:"The Ignorant Shaming of Labia Shapes"
2729:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
1995:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
1341:Silverberg, Cory (2 September 2010).
1312:. New York University. Archived from
1250:McAuliffe, Naomi (11 December 2011).
849:"Reclaim Your Cunt, Reclaim Our Cunt"
554:– on the desirability of larger labia
7:
1650:Hungry Beast Episode 14: Labiaplasty
1531:Sourdès, Lucile (21 February 2013).
943:Brighter, Cassie (25 January 2021).
1438:Sager, Jessica (19 February 2013).
962:Leiber, Katharina (31 March 2020).
899:Morgan, Eleanor (16 October 2021).
731:Williams, Zoe (13 September 2021).
597:, an American photo-book edited by
1024:Drysdale, Kirsten (3 March 2010).
25:
1461:Hess, Amanda (20 February 2013).
1206:Mayer, Chloe (14 December 2011).
981:Knott, Kylie (23 November 2021).
442:Several feminist groups, such as
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3427:
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2974:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2390:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1366:"Plastic Surgery Below the Belt"
815:10.1332/204378921X16255844555932
360:The London-based feminist group
133:
122:
1045:Labiaplasty Hungry Beast: Ep 14
1026:"Healing It To A Single Crease"
879:(in French). 24 September 2022.
1162:Barbie needs to be given vulva
518:" as their name was an act of
1:
1423:Why I photographed 100 vulvas
1120:10.1080/00224499.2022.2112647
1104:10.1080/00224499.2022.2050667
1087:10.1080/00224499.2020.1808563
415:) and street demonstrations.
392:Feminist views on pornography
3336:Suffragists and suffragettes
714:"The 'Labia Pride' Movement"
560:– anti-circumcision activism
1539:(in French). Archived from
3499:
1635:The "labia pride" movement
1347:About.com – Sexuality Blog
1195:10.1007/s11930-019-00191-1
932:10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.06.002
385:, Director of UK Feminista
3408:
2410:Female genital mutilation
1814:Majority-Muslim countries
1629:10.1017/9781108394673.010
1136:10.1007/s12631-018-0123-x
3383:Women's studies journals
3341:Women's rights activists
1890:Movements and ideologies
989:South China Morning Post
526:argues that the ancient
431:The name emphasizes the
2926:International relations
601:and first published by
571:Vagina and vulva in art
522:, as English professor
3356:Conservative feminisms
2654:Women in the workforce
2622:Violence against women
2597:Sexual objectification
2557:Opposition to feminism
1754:Bicycling and feminism
637:The Cunt Coloring Book
504:sexual objectification
491:
472:
428:
388:
357:
320:
290:A 2020 study of 4.513
288:
259:
225:
190:
175:
39:
3396:Women in peacekeeping
2936:Revisionist mythology
2373:Children's literature
1568:Balderdash and Piffle
613:, an installation by
486:
426:
355:
257:
220:
188:
91:deceptive advertising
33:
2838:Pathways perspective
2683:Gender mainstreaming
2602:Substantive equality
2582:Reproductive justice
2532:Matriarchal religion
2385:Diversity (politics)
1491:on 27 December 2013.
1450:on 26 February 2013.
1353:on 7 September 2010.
1218:on 14 February 2012.
859:on 1 September 2018.
631:Great Wall of Vagina
540:Freiburg im Breisgau
229:Ending vulva shaming
171:University of Regina
53:, as carried out by
3421:Feminism portal
3301:Ecofeminist authors
3151:Trinidad and Tobago
3091:Republic of Ireland
2951:Composition studies
2632:Women's empowerment
2587:Sex workers' rights
2512:Feminist capitalism
2492:Internalized sexism
2425:Feminism in culture
2303:Kurdish (Jineology)
1619:Tiefer, L. (2019):
1543:on 23 February 2013
1410:Large Labia Project
1331:- New View Campaign
1316:on 23 October 2009.
498:issues, sexualized
448:Large Labia Project
205:Aims and objectives
27:A feminist movement
3468:Nudity and protest
2796:Literary criticism
2673:Complementarianism
2395:Effects on society
2363:Complementarianism
2170:Women's liberation
1607:- Badische Zeitung
1008:The New York Times
673:One Billion Rising
668:Nudity and protest
647:of various vulvas.
643:. An adult themed
492:
429:
358:
260:
226:
191:
55:feminist movements
40:
3463:Feminist protests
3450:
3449:
3404:
3403:
2813:Political ecology
2719:Écriture féminine
2617:Triple oppression
2607:Toxic masculinity
2592:Sexual harassment
2452:Feminist stripper
2430:Feminist movement
2344:
2343:
2282:Ethnic and racial
1883:
1882:
1376:on 22 March 2013.
1292:New View Campaign
1274:New View Campaign
1239:on 2 August 2014.
853:Raising the Skirt
413:Framing the Vulva
398:New View campaign
343:Forms of activism
317:Skoda et al. 2020
195:Raising the Skirt
145:The Persian women
16:(Redirected from
3490:
3440:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3285:
3268:History of women
2744:Political theory
2644:
2637:Women-only space
2522:Likeability trap
2487:Invisible labour
2405:Female education
1896:
1891:
1851:African-American
1781:Women's suffrage
1772:
1759:Feminist history
1701:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:. Archived from
1485:Courageous Cunts
1477:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1446:. Archived from
1435:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1372:. Archived from
1361:
1355:
1354:
1349:. Archived from
1338:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1214:. Archived from
1203:
1197:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1012:
1011:
999:
993:
992:
986:
978:
972:
971:
959:
953:
952:
940:
934:
924:
918:
915:
909:
908:
896:
890:
887:
881:
880:
867:
861:
860:
855:. Archived from
845:
839:
833:
827:
826:
803:Global Discourse
798:
792:
789:
783:
782:
771:
762:
761:
750:
741:
740:
728:
722:
721:
709:
696:
693:
610:The Dinner Party
603:Down There Press
552:Labia stretching
479:Courageous Cunts
470:
386:
318:
286:
285:Madeleine Davies
173:
137:
126:
101:While the men's
79:pussy positivity
67:labia liberation
45:(also termed as
21:
18:Courageous Cunts
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3437:
3415:
3413:
3400:
3344:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3183:Northern Cyprus
2955:
2946:Science fiction
2739:Oedipus complex
2699:Women's studies
2660:
2659:
2658:
2642:
2552:Oedipus complex
2542:Men in feminism
2507:Language reform
2482:Ideal womanhood
2462:Gender equality
2457:Formal equality
2420:Feminationalism
2358:Cognitive labor
2340:
2308:Native American
2277:
2276:
2275:
2174:
2084:Post-structural
1889:
1879:
1775:
1768:
1764:Women's history
1742:
1690:
1685:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1579:The Independent
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1212:Hackney Gazette
1205:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1155:
1151:- A mighty girl
1145:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:on 6 June 2012.
1023:
1022:
1015:
1001:
1000:
996:
980:
979:
975:
961:
960:
956:
942:
941:
937:
925:
921:
916:
912:
898:
897:
893:
888:
884:
869:
868:
864:
847:
846:
842:
834:
830:
800:
799:
795:
790:
786:
773:
772:
765:
752:
751:
744:
730:
729:
725:
711:
710:
699:
694:
690:
686:
654:
626:Jamie McCartney
620:Megumi Igarashi
575:Clitoris in art
567:
548:
536:
520:reappropriation
481:
471:
468:
421:
400:
387:
381:
350:
345:
319:
316:
287:
284:
252:
231:
207:
174:
169:Carlos Sulkin,
168:
163:
160:
155:
154:
153:
152:
140:
139:
138:
129:
128:
127:
99:
87:protest marches
59:advocacy groups
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3389:SCUM Manifesto
3385:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3258:United Kingdom
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Existentialism
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:Existentialism
2884:
2883:
2882:
2880:Justice ethics
2872:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Gender studies
2675:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2649:Women's rights
2646:
2643:Women's health
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Male privilege
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2496:International
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
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2387:
2382:
2377:
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2365:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2316:
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2310:
2305:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:United Kingdom
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
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1735:
1730:
1729:
1728:
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1707:
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1698:
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1684:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1615:
1614:External links
1612:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1554:
1523:
1494:
1472:
1453:
1427:
1415:
1397:
1379:
1356:
1333:
1328:Flash activism
1319:
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1279:
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1221:
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1167:
1153:
1139:
1123:
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582:
566:
563:
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555:
547:
544:
535:
532:
524:Germaine Greer
496:women's health
480:
477:
466:
420:
417:
399:
396:
379:
349:
346:
344:
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314:
301:societal ideal
297:personal ideal
282:
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166:
142:
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132:
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119:
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98:
95:
43:Vulva activism
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3309:
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3299:
3297:
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3292:
3290:
3286:
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3279:
3269:
3266:
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3263:United States
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
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3209:
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3134:
3132:
3129:
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3119:
3117:
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3113:
3112:
3111:Latin America
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
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3037:
3034:
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3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Technoscience
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Art criticism
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Men's studies
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Transmisogyny
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Purplewashing
2570:
2568:
2567:Protofeminism
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Honor killing
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
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2433:
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2401:
2398:
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2378:
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2359:
2356:
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2148:Transnational
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1916:Anti-abortion
1914:
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1841:United States
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1563:"The C Words"
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1444:Gurl Magazine
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1392:Gynodiversity
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1179:- news.com.au
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809:(1): 91–103.
808:
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779:Viva La Vulva
776:
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645:coloring book
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489:
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478:
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469:Jessica Sager
465:
460:
456:
453:
449:
445:
444:Gynodiversity
440:
438:
434:
425:
418:
416:
414:
410:
406:
405:Vulvagraphics
397:
395:
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370:Harley Street
367:
366:protest march
363:
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269:photoshopping
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199:Anasyrma Army
196:
187:
183:
181:
172:
165:
150:
149:Otto van Veen
146:
136:
125:
116:
112:
109:
108:vulva shaming
104:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
83:cyberfeminism
80:
76:
75:viva la vulva
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
3412:
3387:
3331:Rhetoricians
3321:Philosophers
3213:Saudi Arabia
3009:South Africa
2870:Epistemology
2823:Anthropology
2818:Architecture
2781:Legal theory
2688:Gynocentrism
2627:War on women
2562:Pro-feminism
2517:Gender-blind
2467:Gender quota
2440:Art movement
2232:Dianic Wicca
2111:Sex-positive
2074:Postcolonial
1941:Conservative
1921:Anti-fascist
1649:
1645:- MsMagazine
1641:
1620:
1600:
1595:- Go Feminin
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1536:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1505:
1497:
1489:the original
1484:
1475:
1466:
1456:
1448:the original
1443:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1374:the original
1369:
1359:
1351:the original
1346:
1336:
1327:
1322:
1314:the original
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1256:The Guardian
1255:
1245:
1237:the original
1216:the original
1211:
1201:
1184:
1175:
1170:
1161:
1156:
1147:
1142:
1126:
1110:
1093:
1077:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1030:the original
1007:
997:
988:
976:
967:
957:
948:
938:
922:
913:
905:The Guardian
904:
894:
885:
876:
871:
865:
857:the original
852:
843:
831:
806:
802:
796:
787:
778:
760:(in German).
758:Vulvaversity
757:
737:The Guardian
736:
726:
717:
691:
629:
615:Judy Chicago
608:
592:
584:
565:Art projects
537:
534:Vulvaversity
493:
473:
462:
457:
451:
447:
443:
441:
430:
412:
408:
404:
401:
389:
375:
364:organized a
362:UK Feminista
359:
329:
321:
310:
304:
300:
296:
289:
278:
273:labia minora
265:sex industry
261:
236:
232:
212:
208:
198:
194:
192:
176:
157:
144:
113:
107:
100:
78:
74:
71:vulvaversity
70:
66:
62:
47:vulvactivism
46:
42:
41:
3371:Comic books
3296:Art critics
3218:South Korea
3198:Philippines
3178:New Zealand
3173:Netherlands
2904:Pornography
2892:Metaphysics
2833:Criminology
2828:Archaeology
2801:Film theory
2502:Women's Day
2242:Ecofeminist
2101:Reactionary
2049:Materialist
1824:Switzerland
1819:New Zealand
1738:Fourth-wave
1721:Second-wave
641:Tee Corinne
599:Joani Blank
558:Intactivism
508:labiaplasty
500:body images
437:labiaplasty
419:Labia Pride
409:Vulvanomics
383:Kat Banyard
312:appearance.
245:comparison.
63:labia pride
3457:Categories
3361:Literature
3306:Economists
3026:Bangladesh
2960:By country
2909:Psychology
2865:Empiricism
2860:Aesthetics
2855:Philosophy
2714:Patriarchy
2694:Matriarchy
2498:Girl's Day
2472:Girl power
2445:In hip hop
2368:Literature
2298:Indigenous
2237:Reclaiming
2133:Standpoint
2106:Separatism
2079:Postmodern
1973:Vegetarian
1963:Difference
1906:Analytical
1733:Third-wave
1716:First-wave
1517:2013-04-12
1098:1163-1174.
684:References
586:101 Vagina
579:Erotic art
573:(and also
488:Flyposting
452:100 vulvas
348:Muff March
280:look like.
97:Background
3116:Argentina
3076:Indonesia
3066:Hong Kong
3021:Australia
2921:Seriality
2845:Geography
2771:Sociology
2724:Economics
2709:Kyriarchy
2200:Christian
2180:Religious
2121:Socialist
1911:Anarchist
1856:States of
1794:Australia
1512:Salon.com
968:Womanizer
823:246463734
528:vulgarism
333:Australia
143:Painting
3432:Category
3366:American
3238:Thailand
3193:Pakistan
3163:Malaysia
3146:Paraguay
3136:Honduras
2984:Ethiopia
2850:Pedagogy
2776:Rhetoric
2766:Sexology
2759:Womanist
2754:Thealogy
2749:Theology
2547:Misogyny
2415:Femicide
2400:Equality
2349:Concepts
2264:Orthodox
2227:Neopagan
2215:Womanist
2195:Buddhist
2163:Africana
2158:Womanism
2054:Maternal
2044:Lipstick
2010:Activism
1980:Equality
1946:Cultural
1931:Carceral
1866:Virginia
1846:Timeline
1789:Timeline
1726:timeline
1711:Timeline
1688:Feminism
1547:12 April
678:Pussyhat
652:Protests
546:See also
502:and the
467:—
380:—
368:through
315:—
305:normalcy
292:Canadian
283:—
180:Anasyrma
167:—
3378:Parties
3253:Ukraine
3248:Vietnam
3158:Lebanon
3056:Germany
3046:Finland
3041:Denmark
3016:Albania
3004:Senegal
2999:Nigeria
2914:Therapy
2897:Science
2808:Biology
2325:Mizrahi
2293:Chicana
2254:Islamic
2190:Atheist
2126:Marxist
2096:Radical
2032:Liberal
2027:Lesbian
2005:Hip hop
1985:Eugenic
1926:Atheist
1899:General
1871:Wyoming
1704:General
1696:History
1637:- Salon
1573:BBC Two
1165:- Metro
1069:Jezebel
838:- iNews
605:in 1993
594:Femalia
325:Germany
222:Stencil
36:Oakland
3392:(1967)
3316:Muslim
3311:Jewish
3289:People
3243:Turkey
3233:Taiwan
3223:Sweden
3208:Russia
3203:Poland
3188:Norway
3141:Mexico
3121:Brazil
3096:Israel
3061:Greece
3051:France
3031:Canada
2969:Africa
2875:Ethics
2734:Method
2666:Theory
2577:Racism
2332:Romani
2320:Jewish
2259:Jewish
2205:Mormon
2153:Victim
2116:Social
2089:French
2037:Equity
2000:Global
1936:Choice
1809:Kuwait
1799:Canada
1747:Social
1631:
1388:"Home"
1189:44-51.
949:Medium
821:
512:vulvas
446:, the
337:Barbie
38:, 2017
3483:Pride
3478:Vulva
3442:Index
3349:Other
3326:Poets
3281:Lists
3228:Syria
3168:Nepal
3131:Haiti
3126:Chile
3106:Japan
3101:Italy
3071:India
3036:China
2989:Ghana
2979:Egypt
2537:Media
2337:White
2288:Black
2249:Hindu
2220:Asian
2143:Trans
2138:State
2069:Post-
2022:Labor
1951:Cyber
1834:Wales
1804:Japan
1653:- ABC
1537:Rue89
1467:Slate
1425:- BBC
1050:Vimeo
819:S2CID
718:Salon
663:LABIA
658:Femen
450:, or
433:labia
147:, by
103:penis
51:vulva
3086:Iraq
3081:Iran
2994:Mali
2500:and
2313:Sámi
2271:Sikh
2059:Neo-
1861:Utah
1549:2013
1370:Time
877:Arte
577:and
516:cunt
197:and
57:and
2786:Art
2210:New
2064:New
1990:Fat
1968:Eco
1956:HCI
1625:doi
1191:doi
1132:doi
1116:doi
1100:doi
1083:doi
928:doi
811:doi
639:by
407:or
394:.)
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1575:.
1565:.
1510:.
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1430:^
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1390:.
1368:.
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1290:.
1272:.
1254:.
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1067:.
1048:.
1016:^
1006:.
987:.
966:.
947:.
903:.
875:.
851:.
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807:12
805:.
777:.
766:^
756:.
745:^
735:.
716:.
700:^
275:.
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1627::
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1276:.
1258:.
1193::
1134::
1118::
1102::
1085::
1071:.
1052:.
1010:.
991:.
970:.
951:.
930::
907:.
825:.
813::
781:.
739:.
720:.
581:)
20:)
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