272:, who did not understand the rationale of Liu's plan. Further, Zhu and the other officers that Liu sent to Chang'an were not given offices or salaries, and it was said that as they lacked income, they fell into financial desperation, even requiring loans for their food and clothing, despite their frequent submission of requests for offices to Cui and Du. When Zhang arrived at Lulong, he ordered Zhu and the others to return to Lulong, further angering them. In fall 821, Lulong soldiers mutinied and put Zhang and Lu under arrest, supporting Zhu as their leader. Eventually, the imperial government lost control not only of Lulong, but also of Chengde (成德, headquartered in modern
334:. Because Emperor Jingzong was young, playful, and liked extravagant things, Du Yuanying, in order to please the emperor, often offered rare and valuable treasures to Emperor Jingzong. Du was thus harsh with his people in extracting wealth and treasures, and this caused much resentment toward him. Du was also said to be corrupt and had diverted funds from the soldiers' salaries and clothing and food stipends, and to lack knowledge in military matters. Meanwhile, Li Fengji had accused Du and
384:), the headquarters of Xichuan's neighboring circuit Dongchuan (東川). Nanzhao forces stayed at Chengdu's western city for 10 days before pillaging Chengdu and withdrawing, taking with them tens of thousands of Xichuan craftspeople and young men and women. It was said that after this incident, Nanzhao had crafts capabilities rivaling Xichuan. Emperor Wenzong initially demoted Du to be the prefect of Shao Prefecture (邵州, in modern
400:). Subsequently, the military governor of Dongchuan, Guo Zhao (郭釗), was made the military governor of Xichuan and made peace with Nanzhao. Several of Du's key staff members were likewise demoted. Du died in 833 at Xun Prefecture. Before he died, he submitted a petition begging for posthumous restoration to a higher office, and Emperor Wenzong awarded him a posthumous promotion to prefect. Du Yuanying's nephew
268:, asking that they be given commissions and honors so that the soldiers of Lulong would be encouraged by the examples to obey imperial orders. Emperor Muzong accepted Liu's submission, but did not fully implement Liu's partition plan; two prefectures of Lulong were given to Lu, but the remaining prefectures were all given to Zhang, under the suggestion of Du and fellow chancellor
133:, and Tang. Neither Du Yuanying's great-grandfather Du Ziyuan (杜自遠) nor grandfather Du Fan (杜繁) was listed with any offices, although Du Yuanying's father Du Zuo (杜佐) served as a judge at the supreme court. Du Yuanying had at least one younger brother, Du Yuanjiang (杜元絳). Du Yuanying himself passed the
185:
in 817, Du, on account of his diligence in drafting edicts during the campaign against Wu, was given a special honor of a red fish-shaped handbag that would be used for officials of higher ranks. (Red-colored uniforms and accessories were to be used by officials of the fourth and fifth ranks, while
251:
independent manner from the imperial government, offered to resign and surrender control of the circuit to the imperial government. To try to ensure that the people of the circuit would submit to imperial rule, Liu proposed that the circuit be divided into three circuits, recommending the former
355:
was emperor, the
Nanzhao prince Mengcuodian (蒙嵯顛) was planning a major attack against Xichuan. When the border prefectures received rumors of Mengcuodian's plans, their warnings to Du were unheeded, and thus, when Mengcuodian, guided by Xichuan soldiers who resented Du, launched his attack, he
350:
in order to have sufficient supplies. Nanzhao reacted by giving gifts of clothing and food to these Tang soldiers in exchange for information about
Xichuan Circuit. As a result, Nanzhao became highly aware of Xichuan's vulnerabilities. By 829, at which time Emperor Jingzong's brother
338:
of having supported
Emperor Muzong's brother Li Cong (李悰) the Prince of Shen as Emperor Muzong's successor, but any suspicions of Emperor Jingzong on that issue were dissipated after he found, in Emperor Muzong's archives, petitions from Du and Li Shen requesting that he be made
392:). After Mengcuodian submitted a petition accusing Du of crimes and explaining the reasons for the incursion, and further demanding Du's execution, Emperor Wenzong further demoted Du to be the military advisor to the prefect of Xun Prefecture (循州, in modern
303:), led by the officer Li Jie (李㝏), that expelled the military governor Li Yuan (李愿). Du and the director of finances Zhang Pingshu (張平叔) advocated placating Li Jie by making him military governor, while fellow chancellor
465:
307:
advocated a campaign against Li Jie. Emperor Muzong accepted Li Fengji's suggestion, and Li Jie was soon killed by his own subordinate Li Zhi (李質), who then surrendered to imperial authority.
230:. Emperor Muzong also created him the Baron of Jian'an. It was said that no chancellor had ever risen so quickly on the path that Du took as an official responsible for imperial edicts.
775:
770:
376:
fell to
Nanzhao as well. Nanzhao forces put Chengdu under siege and entered its western city, while forward troops reached as far as Zi Prefecture (梓州, in modern
101:, apparently adopting that latter assertion, indicating that he was a descendant of Du Yan's. In any case, the Du clan claimed original ancestry from the
346:
Over the years, because of Du's mistreatment of the soldiers, the soldiers, lacking food and clothing, were forced to pillage the borders of
357:
214:(中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. Later that year, Emperor Muzong made Du the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
35:. His policy error while being chancellor was blamed for the imperial government's losing control over the circuits north of the
559:
69:
28:
310:
In 823, Du was sent out of the capital to serve as the military governor of
Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern
744:
740:
736:
732:
692:
673:
652:
601:
585:
464:
day that month. Nevertheless, the month was largely within
January 833, so 833 is given here as Du's death year. See
87:
indicating that he was a fifth-generation descendant of Du Ruhui's; the table of the chancellors' family trees in the
75:, but provide conflicting accounts as to whether he was descended from Du Ruhui – with Du Yuanying's biography in the
429:
260:, and the official Lu Shimei (盧士玫) to take over the three circuits, while he also sent a number of officers, such as
537:
373:
126:
331:
181:). Du wrote things quickly and much impressed Emperor Xianzong. After Emperor Xianzong destroyed the warlord
158:
210:. Immediately after Emperor Muzong's ascension, he summoned Du Yuanying for a meeting and promoted him to be
720:
708:
633:
617:
521:
500:
442:
352:
62:
207:
142:
32:
372:) Prefectures. Du sent forces to resist Mengcuodian, but after Mengcuodian defeated Xichuan forces,
289:
134:
765:
760:
50:
49:), he was further blamed for failure of discipline that caused his soldiers to provoke a major
715:
703:
516:
424:
83:
77:
24:
288:) Circuits, and traditional historians blamed the losses on Du, Cui, and fellow chancellor
563:
727:
253:
97:
754:
65:. Traditional histories indicate that he was from the same clan as the famous early-
340:
273:
102:
66:
36:
553:
405:
401:
265:
130:
118:
114:
110:
261:
106:
397:
304:
194:(司勳員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部,
182:
165:(左拾遺), a low-level consultant at the examination bureau of government (門下省,
81:
indicating that he was a "descendant" of Du Ruhui's; his biography in the
541:
457:
385:
377:
295:
In 822, a mutiny occurred at Xuanwu
Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
257:
239:
234:
72:
41:
393:
381:
369:
361:
347:
335:
315:
311:
296:
269:
244:
122:
46:
281:
92:
389:
365:
300:
285:
277:
173:(右補闕), a higher-ranked consultant at the legislative bureau (中書省,
356:
encountered no resistance, quickly capturing Xi (雟州, in modern
145:, and thereafter served on the staff of a regional governor.
105:
states Tang and Du and traced its ancestry to officials of
206:
Emperor
Xianzong died in 820 and was succeeded by his son
330:
Emperor Muzong died in 824 and was succeeded by his son
91:
indicating that he was a descendant of Du Ruhui's uncle
466:
The
Academia Sinica Chinese-Western calendar converter
326:
During
Emperor Jingzong's and Emperor Wenzong's reigns
177:). He was then also made an imperial scholar (翰林學士,
453:(丁未) day of the 12th month of the sixth year of the
264:, that he found difficult to control to the capital
45:) of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern
61:Du Yuanying was born in 769, during the reign of
39:. While later serving as the military governor (
190:was only seventh rank.) He thereafter was made
95:, who was himself a chancellor as well; and the
53:invasion against Xichuan, leading to his exile.
198:), but continued to serve as imperial scholar.
8:
325:
404:(Du Yuanjiang's son) and Du Shenquan's son
157:era (805–821) of Emperor Dezong's grandson
684:
682:
665:
663:
661:
644:
642:
247:), whose circuit had long been ruled in a
243:) of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in
577:
575:
573:
571:
280:) and Weibo (魏博, headquartered in modern
776:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit
771:Chancellors under Emperor Muzong of Tang
532:
530:
511:
509:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
449:indicated that Du Yuanying died on the
416:
141:era (785–805) of Emperor Daizong's son
218:) and the chief imperial scholar (承旨,
408:later served as chancellors as well.
7:
226:(同中書門下平章事), making Du a chancellor
358:Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
14:
320:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
224:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
222:). In 821, he gave Du the title
149:During Emperor Xianzong's reign
23:(建安男), was an official of the
1:
202:During Emperor Muzong's reign
19:(杜元穎; 769–833), formally the
322:title as an honorary title.
792:
364:) and Rong (戎州, in modern
538:"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十二‧表第十二"
153:During the middle of the
292:for their incompetence.
237:the military governor (
161:, Du Yuanying became a
562:June 20, 2010, at the
318:), still carrying the
27:dynasty, serving as a
201:
148:
135:imperial examinations
127:Jin dynasty (266–420)
412:Notes and references
31:during the reign of
460:, but there was no
441:The chronicle of
192:Sixun Yuanwailang
783:
716:New Book of Tang
704:Old Book of Tang
696:
686:
677:
667:
656:
646:
637:
630:New Book of Tang
627:
621:
614:New Book of Tang
611:
605:
595:
589:
579:
566:
555:New Book of Tang
552:
550:
549:
540:. Archived from
534:
525:
517:New Book of Tang
513:
504:
497:Old Book of Tang
494:
469:
447:Old Book of Tang
445:'s reign in the
439:
433:
425:Old Book of Tang
421:
374:Qiong Prefecture
332:Emperor Jingzong
159:Emperor Xianzong
89:New Book of Tang
84:New Book of Tang
78:Old Book of Tang
21:Baron of Jian'an
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353:Emperor Wenzong
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212:Zhongshu Sheren
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63:Emperor Daizong
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12:
11:
5:
789:
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728:Zizhi Tongjian
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689:Zizhi Tongjian
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670:Zizhi Tongjian
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582:Zizhi Tongjian
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434:
415:
413:
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327:
324:
256:, the general
254:Zhang Hongjing
208:Emperor Muzong
203:
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175:Zhongshu Sheng
169:); and then a
150:
147:
143:Emperor Dezong
98:Zizhi Tongjian
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55:
33:Emperor Muzong
13:
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6:
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544:on 2008-11-20
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546:. Retrieved
542:the original
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450:
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423:
419:
345:
341:crown prince
329:
319:
309:
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274:Shijiazhuang
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227:
223:
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216:Hubu Shilang
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195:
191:
187:
178:
174:
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167:Menxia Sheng
166:
162:
154:
152:
138:
137:late in the
103:Zhou dynasty
96:
88:
82:
76:
67:Tang dynasty
60:
40:
37:Yellow River
20:
16:
15:
406:Du Rangneng
402:Du Shenquan
252:chancellor
131:Sui dynasty
119:Han dynasty
115:Qin dynasty
17:Du Yuanying
766:833 deaths
761:769 births
755:Categories
548:2008-10-03
262:Zhu Kerong
70:chancellor
57:Background
29:chancellor
557:, vol. 72
398:Guangdong
305:Li Fengji
188:You Bujue
183:Wu Yuanji
171:You Bujue
163:Zuo Shiyi
733:vol. 241
731:, vols.
709:vol. 163
693:vol. 244
674:vol. 243
653:vol. 242
602:vol. 240
586:vol. 241
560:Archived
501:vol. 163
386:Shaoyang
378:Mianyang
266:Chang'an
258:Xue Ping
249:de facto
240:Jiedushi
235:Liu Zong
233:In 821,
228:de facto
220:Chengzhi
139:Zhenyuan
73:Du Ruhui
42:Jiedushi
721:vol. 96
634:vol. 47
618:vol. 24
522:vol. 96
462:Dingwei
451:Dingwei
394:Huizhou
382:Sichuan
370:Sichuan
362:Sichuan
348:Nanzhao
336:Li Shen
316:Sichuan
312:Chengdu
297:Kaifeng
290:Wang Bo
270:Cui Zhi
245:Beijing
123:Cao Wei
51:Nanzhao
47:Chengdu
25:Chinese
282:Handan
155:Yuanhe
93:Du Yan
455:Taihe
390:Hunan
366:Yibin
301:Henan
286:Hebei
278:Hebei
196:Libu
745:244
741:243
737:242
458:era
111:Chu
757::
743:,
739:,
735:,
719:,
707:,
691:,
681:^
672:,
660:^
651:,
641:^
632:,
616:,
600:,
584:,
570:^
529:^
520:,
508:^
499:,
473:^
428:,
396:,
388:,
380:,
368:,
360:,
343:.
314:,
299:,
284:,
276:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
107:Lu
747:.
723:.
711:.
695:.
676:.
655:.
636:.
620:.
604:.
588:.
551:.
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503:.
468:.
432:.
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