2443:) has true dative case for pronouns, but for nouns the dative case has to be constructed using the dative case-marker (postposition) को کو (ko) to the nouns in their oblique case. Pronouns in Hindustani also have an oblique case, so dative pronouns can also be alternatively constructed using the dative case-marker को کو (ko) with the pronouns in their oblique case, hence forming two sets of synonymous dative pronouns. The following table shows the pronouns in their nominative and their dative forms. Hindustani lacks pronouns in the third person and the demonstrative pronouns double as the third person pronouns.
1402:
1978:
The dative case, strictly speaking, no longer exists in Modern Greek, except in fossilized expressions like δόξα τω Θεώ (from the ecclesiastical τῷ Θεῷ δόξα, "Glory to God") or εν τάξει (ἐν τάξει, lit. "in order", i.e. "all right" or "OK"). Otherwise, most of the functions of the dative are expressed
256:
language), in which it was constructed as "" + "me" (the dative case of the personal pronoun) + "thinks" (i.e., "seems", < Old
English þyncan, "to seem", a verb closely related to the verb þencan, "to think", but distinct from it in Old English; later it merged with "think" and lost this meaning).
2360:
There is a general tendency to view -ին as the standard dative suffix, but only because that is its most productive (and therefore common) form. The suffix -ին as a dative marker is nothing but the standard, most common, genitive suffix -ի accompanied by the definite article -ն. But the dative case
2195:
Lithuanian nouns preserve Indo-European inflections in the dative case fairly well: (o-stems) vaikas -> sg. vaikui, pl. vaikams; (ā-stems) ranka -> sg. rankai, pl. rankoms; (i-stems) viltis -> sg. vilčiai, pl. viltims; (u-stems) sūnus -> sg. sūnui, pl. sūnums; (consonant stems) vanduo
255:
The dative case is rare in modern
English usage, but it can be argued that it survives in a few set expressions. One example is the word "methinks", with the meaning "it seems to me". It survives in this fixed form from Old English (having undergone, however, phonetic changes with the rest of the
3491:
As in the examples above, the dative/lative case usually occurs in combination with another suffix as poss-lative case; this should not be regarded as a separate case, however, as many of the locative cases in Tsez are constructed analytically; hence, they are, in fact, a combination of two case
3291:
in marking the direction of an action. By some linguists, they are still regarded as two separate cases in those languages, although the suffixes are exactly the same for both cases. Other linguists list them separately only for the purpose of separating syntactic cases from locative cases. An
403:
the book", where the indirect object is identified in
English by standing in front of the direct object. The normal word order in German is to put the dative in front of the accusative (as in the example above). However, since the German dative is marked in form, it can also be put
2763:
which take in the dative case-marker after them to assign the combination of the oblique case and the case-marker the dative case. The oblique case of
Hindustani by itself has no meaning and adding the case-marker को کو (ko) assigns the oblique case the function of the dative
1637:, or the 'ethic or polite dative,' is when the dative is used to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by someone. This dative is mostly, if not exclusively, used in pronouns. As such, it is also called the "dative of pronouns." For example:
2162:, endings of nouns and adjectives are different based on grammatical function. Other factors are gender and number. In some cases, the ending may not be obvious, even when those three factors (function, gender, number) are considered. For example, in Polish, '
246:
that was also used with all prepositions. This conflation of case in Middle and Modern
English has led most modern grammarians to discard the "accusative" and "dative" labels as obsolete in reference to English, often using the term "objective" for oblique.
3601:. The word that should be in the dative case can be found as an answer to the questions 'neye?' (to what?), 'kime?' (to whom?) and 'nereye?' (to where?) will lead to find a dative case in a sentence. There are many different uses for the dative case.
2222:
nouns and adjectives have been replaced with pronominal inflections: tas vīrs -> sg. tam vīram, pl. tiem vīriem. Also, the final "s" in all Dative forms has been dropped. The only exception is personal pronouns in the plural:
3248:, etc. This case is also used to express "for" in certain circumstances, such as "I bought a gift for Mother". In possessive constructions the nak/nek endings are also used but this is not the dative form (rather, the
749:
The concept of an indirect object may be rendered by a prepositional phrase. In this case, the noun's or pronoun's case is determined by the preposition, not by its function in the sentence. Consider this sentence:
3499:
Verbs of perception or emotion (like "see", "know", "love", "want") also require the logical subject to stand in the dative/lative case. In this example the "pure" dative/lative without its POSS-suffix is used.
1999:, the dative case is used for indicating the indirect object of an action (that to which something is given, thrown, read, etc.). In the instance where a person is the goal of motion, dative is used instead of
506:), although not all such nouns follow this rule. Many also, whether or not they fall into the former category, refer to people, animals, professions, or titles; exceptions to this include the aforementioned
3973:
1463:: (The chart below uses the Latin names for the types of dative; the Greek name for the dative is δοτική πτῶσις, like its Latin equivalent, derived from the verb "to give"; in Ancient Greek, δίδωμι.)
268:
is derived from the dative case in Old
English, specifically the Old English dative pronoun "hwām" (as opposed to the modern subjective "who", which descends from Old English "hwā") – though "whom"
2035:
Other Slavic languages apply the dative case (and the other cases) more or less the same way as does
Russian; some languages may use the dative in other ways. The following examples are from
2260:
In modern standard
Lithuanian, Dative case is not required by prepositions, although in many dialects it is done frequently: (dial.) iki (+D) šiai dienai, (stand.) iki (+G) šios dienos –
2394:
The main function of the dative marking in
Armenian is to indicate the receiving end of an action, more commonly the indirect object which in English is preceded by the preposition
2234:
In both
Latvian and Lithuanian, the main function of the dative case is to render the indirect object in a sentence: (lt) aš duodu vyrui knygą; (lv) es dodu vīram grāmatu –
3264:
case can fulfill essentially the same role as dative, beyond its primary meaning of directional movement (that is, going somewhere or approaching someone). For example:
987:
These verbs cannot be used in normal passive constructions, because German allows these only for verbs with accusative objects. It is therefore ungrammatical to say: *
2241:
The dative case can also be used with gerundives to indicate an action preceding or simultaneous with the main action in a sentence: (lt) jam įėjus, visi atsistojo –
3825:
3980:
3200:
The dative case is known as the "fourth case" (chaturthi-vibhakti) in the usual procedure in the declension of nouns. Its use is mainly for the indirect object.
1007:
helped". The use of the verb "to get" here reminds us that the dative case has something to do with giving and receiving. In German, help is not something you
1412:
4216:
4102:
4004:
4077:
291:
Likewise, some of the object forms of personal pronouns are remnants of Old English datives. For example, "him" goes back to the Old English dative
2199:
Adjectives in the dative case receive pronominal endings (this might be the result of a more recent development): tas geras vaikas -> sg. t
1774:, or the 'dative of instrument,' is when the dative is used to denote an instrument or means of a certain action (or, more accurately, as the
716:
in modern formal language, are most commonly used with the dative in colloquial German. For example, "because of the weather" is expressed as
3905:
4187:
2888:. In the examples below the dative pronoun passes the subjecthood test of subject-oriented anaphora binding. The dative subject मुझे مجھے (
2765:
4190:
3924:
1442:
3657:. Thus it has roughly the meaning of the English prepositions "to" and "into", and also "in" when it can be replaced with "into":
307:). These pronouns are not pure datives in modern English; they are also used for functions previously indicated by the accusative.
130:, the dative construction is not limited to only certain verbs or tenses and it can be used with any verb in any tense or mood.
4209:
1349:"What is Celsus doing for me?" (expressing the speaker being especially interested in what Celsus is doing for him or her); or
3796:
1109:
in the dative case. There are three inflection possibilities depending on what precedes the adjective. They most commonly use
3783:
995:, literally: "To me is helped." A colloquial (non-standard) way to form the passive voice for dative verbs is the following:
39:
3833:
3604:
The dative also is for objects, usually indirect objects, but sometimes objects that in English would be considered direct:
3402:
The dative/lative is also used to indicate possession, as in the example below, because there is no such verb as "to have".
4129:
179:), the term "dative" has sometimes been used to describe cases that in other languages would more appropriately be called
3749:
4552:
488:, take an -n or -en in the dative singular and plural. Many are masculine nouns ending in -e in the nominative (such as
158:
3766:
3213:
As with many other languages, the dative case is used in Hungarian to show the indirect object of a verb. For example,
2412:
Eastern Armenian also uses the dative case to mark the time of an event, in the same way English uses the preposition
153:
family of languages. In some languages, the dative case has assimilated the functions of other, now extinct cases. In
4864:
4791:
4367:
4202:
3761:
3740:
Bhatt, Rajesh (2003). Experiencer subjects. Handout from MIT course “Structure of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages”.
4263:
4246:
4236:
665:) may be used with dative (indicating current location), or accusative (indicating direction toward something).
2406:
the dative marks the listener. Other verbs whose indirect objects are marked by the dative case in Armenian are
4754:
4419:
2444:
1526:, or the 'dative of benefit (or harm)' is the dative that expresses the advantage or disadvantage of something
87:
2231:(to you). In colloquial Lithuanian the final "s" in the dative is often omitted, as well: time geriem vaikam.
171:
Under the influence of English, which uses the preposition "to" for (among other uses) both indirect objects (
2116:
1043:
284:") in German. The OED defines all classical uses of the word "whom" in situations where the indirect object
134:
4081:
2151:
radi Boni? "What is Boni doing? (I am especially interested in what it is)") and Dativus auctoris (Izgleda
1626:
a lot of money and ships and horses, but we have good allies (i.e., To others there is a lot of money...)".
315:
The indirect object of the verb may be placed between the verb and the direct object of the verb: "he gave
4838:
3855:
2893:
1460:
138:
4481:
4828:
4808:
4441:
4352:
3869:
3713:
3249:
1238:
4486:
4461:
1343:) indicates that the person in the dative is or should be especially concerned about the action, e.g.
4466:
4409:
1984:
1328:
231:
443:
ending for certain nouns in the dative. It survives today almost exclusively in set phrases such as
4803:
4769:
4645:
3961:
3708:
2881:
327:
123:
111:
4833:
4823:
4776:
4719:
4615:
4426:
3860:
2432:
2218:
The dative case in Latvian underwent further simplifications – the original masculine endings of
1078:"For my sake, have mercy on my son!" Literally: "Be for me to my son merciful." The first dative
975:(to advise). In each case, the direct object of the verb is rendered in the dative. For example:
142:
99:
149:
and others. It also exists in similar forms in several non-Indo-European languages, such as the
4843:
4798:
4786:
4620:
4547:
4362:
4291:
4177:
4096:
4059:
4041:
3998:
3920:
3901:
3598:
2192:
Both Lithuanian and Latvian have a distinct dative case in the system of nominal declensions.
1775:
1719:
1106:
764:
165:
146:
107:
4818:
4813:
4781:
4749:
4686:
4665:
4650:
4635:
4600:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4446:
4225:
4049:
4031:
3590:
2159:
1996:
1552:
150:
58:
4759:
4660:
4532:
4451:
4436:
4347:
4296:
4276:
4271:
4171:
4115:
3882:
3771:
3582:
3535:
3449:
3355:
2297:
In modern Eastern Armenian, the dative is attained by adding any article to the genitive:
2036:
2000:
1418:
1048:
784:
774:
480:
351:
347:
273:
239:
234:
had a dative case; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the
203:
76:
4184:
917:
3786:(Art of Grammar), section ιβ´ (10b): περὶ ὀνόματος (On the noun). Bibliotheca Augustana.
991:"I am helped." Instead a special construction called "impersonal passive" must be used:
4764:
4655:
4595:
4579:
4476:
4471:
4456:
4431:
4399:
4389:
4374:
4342:
4306:
4054:
4019:
2885:
235:
207:
91:
2880:
Dative case in Hindustani can also mark the subject of a sentence. This is called the
469:
at the day), as well as in occasional usage in formal prose, poetry, and song lyrics.
4858:
4724:
4681:
4627:
4605:
4574:
4559:
4542:
4527:
4522:
4501:
4414:
4394:
4384:
4357:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4311:
4286:
3937:
3919:
Morwood, James. Oxford Grammar of Classical Greek. Oxford University Press, 2002. (
3757:
3718:
3556:
3493:
3382:
3311:
3284:
3233:
1980:
1726:
1709:
1300:
944:
161:
154:
61:
used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "
54:
2271:
prepositions in the plural (due to peculiar historical changes): sg. bez (+G) tevis
4379:
4301:
3804:
3415:
3305:
2019:
1909:
1373:
1211:
243:
4744:
3292:
example with the ditransitive verb "show" (literally: "make see") is given below:
1708:
of an action. Note, however, that in Classical Greek, the agent is usually in the
728:. Other prepositions requiring the genitive in formal language, are combined with
2267:
In Latvian, the dative case is taken by several prepositions in the singular and
4610:
4404:
4281:
4130:"Problem of the Confusion of the Case Endings, Dative and Accusative in Turkish"
3519:
3433:
3339:
3288:
1651:
180:
103:
27:
Grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to which something is given
4144:
1327:– literally "to (or for) the angels are wings", this is typically found with a
122:), the dative case can also mark the subject of a sentence. This is called the
4703:
4640:
4569:
4564:
4241:
3550:
3471:
3465:
3421:
3370:
3327:
1723:
1682:
1582:
4045:
4036:
4696:
4691:
3376:
1753:
1730:
1547:
1267:– " is for the girl's decoration", or "... for decoration for the girl" (as
4063:
1355:"Whose interest does this serve?" (literally "To whom does this do good?")
3261:
2361:
encompasses indefinite objects as well, which will not be marked by -ին:
2003:
to indicate motion toward. This is usually achieved with the preposition
1677:
1022:) verbs when specifying what part of the self the verb is being done to:
713:
75:
a drink". In this example, the dative marks what would be considered the
1090:("to my son") names the actual object of the plea. Mercy is to be given
4018:
Montrul, Silvina; Bhatia, Archna; Bhatt, Rakesh; Puri, Vandana (2019).
1796:
1718:(by, at the hands of). The agent is in the dative most often with the
219:
31:
17:
3594:
1882:
1037:. – dative (I wash my hands, literally "I wash for myself the hands")
4194:
2755:
The table below shows the oblique cases of Hindustani for the nouns
2095:
when something is taken away or something occurs to someone (Zdechł
2026:
is used to mean "along", its object is always in dative case, as in
1376:
when the gerundive is used to convey obligation or necessity, e.g.,
3420:
3326:
2022:
when expressing certain ideas. For instance, when the preposition
1471:, or the 'dative of purpose', is when the dative is used to denote
395:
In English, the first sentence can be rendered as "I sent the book
3161:
3136:
3090:
3018:
2979:
2941:
2436:
1877:
1791:
192:
127:
115:
3534:
3448:
3354:
3111:
2962:
3045:
I.DAT REFL.MASC.PL all.NOM relatives.MASC.PL like be.PRS.MASC.PL
2440:
1082:("for me") expresses the speaker's commiseration (much like the
265:
119:
80:
4198:
3597:
to the end of the noun, in accordance with the effected noun's
3555:
3381:
3310:
3165:
3157:
3140:
3094:
3022:
3014:
2983:
2945:
1860:, or the 'dative of measurement,' is the dative used to denote
3414:
3304:
3188:
I.DAT REFL.MASC.PL work.NOM do.INF.PTCP.MASC.PL be.PRS.MASC.PL
2402:
the dative marks the recipient. With communicative verbs like
1616:μὲν γὰρ χρήματά ἐστι πολλὰ καὶ ἵπποι, ἡμῖν δὲ ξύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί.
1395:
379:(literally: I gave "to the woman" the pencil back.) – Feminine
288:– in effect, indicating the anonymity of the indirect object.
3750:
3518:
3512:
3432:
3426:
3338:
3332:
3067:
2918:
2074:
trudniej... "It will be more difficult for you guys"), Śniło
1899:
1868:
1826:
1782:
1743:
1734:
1713:
1667:
1641:
1611:
1603:, or the 'dative of possession' is the dative used to denote
1572:
1537:
1500:
1479:
3470:
3464:
3132:
3128:
2170:("father") are both masculine singular nouns, yet appear as
1818:, or the 'dative of manner,' is the dative used to describe
3375:
3369:
3260:
Finnish does not have a separate dative case. However, the
3086:
2937:
198:("case for giving"), a translation of Greek δοτικὴ πτῶσις,
86:
Sometimes the dative has functions unrelated to giving. In
3549:
2158:
Unusual in other Indo-European branches but common among
1704:, or the 'dative of agent,' is the dative used to denote
1417:
In particular, it has problems with text formatting when
858:(direction), the accusative is required, not the dative.
4174:
A lesson covering the dative case in the German language
3395:
girl:OBL-ERG boy-POSS-DAT/LAT cat::ABS III-see-CAUS-PRES
4118:, 'Simplified Grammar of the Hungarian Language', 1882.
3854:"Generating & parsing clitics with getarun". 1999.
1424:
1281:, which means action for (or against) somebody, e.g.,
391:(literally: I hand "to the child" a present.) – Neuter
367:(literally: I sent "to the man" the book.) – Masculine
4737:
4712:
4674:
4588:
4515:
4320:
4262:
4255:
2018:Dative is also the necessary case taken by certain
1074:German can use two datives to make sentences like:
1121:when a quantity is indicated (many green apples).
326:The indirect object may also be expressed using a
1588:"This day will be the beginning of great sorrows
545:Certain German prepositions require the dative:
276:pronoun "hwone". It is also cognate to the word "
2325:with definite articles (-ն if preceding a vowel)
852:is the indirect object, but, because it follows
98:is used in traditional grammars to refer to the
2115:Some other kinds of dative use as found in the
2111:się przypomniało "I just remembered something")
2103:komputer "They took away his computer"; Zepsuł
1060:" ("The children have washed themselves") vs. "
943:Some German verbs require the dative for their
861:All of the articles change in the dative case.
4020:"Case Marking in Hindi as the Weaker Language"
3283:In the Northeast Caucasian languages, such as
1287:– "to till fields for Greeks"; Combination of
675:(dative: The book is lying on the table), but
4210:
3287:, the dative also takes the functions of the
2027:
2010:
2004:
1607:of a certain object or objects. For example:
1018:The dative case is also used with reflexive (
685:(accusative: I put the book onto the table).
8:
2400:give, donate, offer, deliver, sell, bring...
2062:się piosenka? "Do you like the song?", Jest
1216:There are several uses for the dative case (
1066:
1061:
1052:
853:
847:
837:
831:
821:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
778:
768:
754:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
707:
701:
695:
689:
676:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
473:
460:
454:
444:
438:
432:
426:
419:
409:
382:
370:
358:
242:and dative of pronouns merged into a single
2092:dom "I will build a house for this person")
1377:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1334:
1322:
1312:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1226:
1217:
1113:when preceded by a definite article (the),
472:Some masculine nouns (and one neuter noun,
62:
4259:
4217:
4203:
4195:
3236:. The personal dative pronouns follow the
2404:tell, say, advise, explain, ask, answer...
2084:to indicate action for somebody (Zbuduję t
1822:by which something happened. For example:
912:Ø (the semantically closest word would be
272:absorbed the functions of the Old English
4053:
4035:
3859:
3832:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
2143:je dlaka gusta "Sheep's hair is thick"),
2135:suđe "Wash the dishes for your mother"),
1459:, the dative case has other functions in
1443:Learn how and when to remove this message
836:. 'I forwarded the book to my friend.' (
168:as well as those of the original dative.
3900:, New York: HarperCollins, p. 195,
3484:girl:OBL-POSS-DAT/LAT cat:ABS be:PST-PST
2768:
2447:
1930:
1455:In addition to its main function as the
1212:Latin syntax § Examples of case use
1123:
1117:after an indefinite article (a/an), and
1086:in Latin, see below). The second dative
863:
218:"send to", a word from the same root as
214:"for sending (a letter)", from the verb
3730:
3593:is formed by adding the ''-e" or "-a''
2107:się samochód "Our car broke down"; Coś
605:(at, in, to). Some other prepositions (
137:and has survived to the present in the
4101:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4094:
4003:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3996:
3878:
3867:
2251:while she slept, everybody was working
1689:"Oh, mother, how handsome grandpa is (
1331:and translated as "angels have wings".
157:, the dative has the functions of the
2473:
2470:
2461:
2247:to him having walked in, all stood up
2243:when he walked in, everybody stood up
1928:The articles in the Greek dative are
1372:The dative expresses agency with the
299:), and "her" goes back to the dative
7:
3736:
3734:
3569:Ali-DAT/LAT Fatima::ABS II-love-PRES
3494:Tsez language#Locative case suffixes
3398:"The girl shows the cat to the boy."
2398:. In the use of "giving" verbs like
2196:-> sg. vandeniui, pl. vandenims.
1382:, 'these things must be done by us.'
2070:smutno "We're feeling sad", Będzie
2058:in certain expressions (Czy podoba
1363:, meaning; 'in the eyes of', e.g.,
1273:could be either dative or genitive)
1243:– " not for school, but for life",
1011:somebody, but rather something you
102:-marking of nouns following simple
3392:kidb-ā uži-qo-r kʼetʼu b-ikʷa-r-xo
2379:Indefinite DAT> Ես գիրքը տվեցի
2356:with 2nd person possessive article
2346:with 1st person possessive article
1475:of a certain action. For example:
1369:'he seems to me to be a good man'.
823:Ich habe das Buch an meinen Freund
688:In addition the four prepositions
264:The modern objective case pronoun
133:The dative was common among early
25:
4516:Possession, companion, instrument
3698:"Put the beer in(to) the fridge."
3232:; the correct one is selected by
2365:Definite DAT > Ես գիրքը տվեցի
2255:to her sleeping, all were working
2249:; (lt) jai miegant, visi dirbo –
1759:"Many cures have been discovered
1522:Dativus commŏdi (incommodi): The
756:Ich sandte das Buch zum Verleger.
734:("of") in colloquial style, e.g.
4180:from www. HungarianReference.com
3028:मुझे अपने सभी रिश्तेदार पसंद हैं
2127:u pomoć "to Titanic's rescue"),
1592:(i.e., for their disadvantage)".
1400:
759:'I sent the book to the editor.'
722:instead of the formally correct
437:signifies a now largely archaic
342:In general, the dative (German:
3266:He lahjoittivat kaikki rahansa
3031:مجھے اپنے سبھی رشتےدار پسند ہیں
2099:pies "Their dog died"; Zabrali
2043:after certain verbs (dziękować
1569:For the harm or disadvantage of
1413:Manual of Style/Text formatting
1321:) which means possession, e.g.
1030:. – accusative (I wash myself.)
712:(because of) which require the
3389:Кидбā ужихъор кIетIу биквархо.
3270:(They donated all their money
3250:attributive or possessive case
2408:show, reach, look, approach...
2009:+ destination in dative case;
1657:"Pay close attention to this,
1524:dativus commodi sive incommodi
1411:comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1409:This section needs editing to
1076:Sei mir meinem Sohn(e) gnädig!
175:) and directions of movement (
1:
3962:Case in Hindi (Mark Spencer)
3274:.) It is similar in Estonian.
2236:I am giving a book to the man
2155:okej "It seems okay to me").
2032:, meaning "along the sides."
1862:the measurement of difference
793:is in the dative case, since
106:and the definite article. In
4720:Postpositional/Prepositional
3191:'I have/want to do my work.'
2078:się, że... "She dreamt that"
1807:(i.e., by means of a bait)."
1261:– "I receive as a gift" or
799:always requires the dative (
330:using "to": "he gave a book
3896:Wheelock, Frederic (2011),
3204:Non-Indo-European languages
2051:"to help someone", wierzyć
2015:, meaning "to the doctor."
1278:Dativus commŏdi (incommodi)
202:("inflection for giving").
4881:
3797:"Objective case (grammar)"
3751:
3042:sabhī rishtedār pasand hɛ̄
2047:"to thank someone", pomóc
1900:
1869:
1827:
1783:
1770:Dativus instrumenti: The
1744:
1735:
1714:
1668:
1642:
1612:
1573:
1538:
1501:
1480:
1209:
4321:Location, time, direction
4264:Morphosyntactic alignment
4247:Morphosyntactic alignment
4232:
4143:: 205–218. Archived from
3642:sun's at-its-sinking look
3048:'I like all my relatives'
2777:
2774:
2771:
2626:
2617:
2504:
2490:
2487:
2467:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2418:Meet me at nine o' clock.
2129:Dativus commodi/incommodi
2028:
2011:
2005:
1963:
1952:
1599:Dativus possessivus: The
1255:– "I'm coming for help",
842:= lit.: to give further).
71:", Latin for "Maria gave
63:
4037:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00461
3695:the-beer into-icebox put
3481:kidbe-qo-r kʼetʼu zow-si
3224:). It has two suffixes,
1619:" (Thucycdides 1.86.3).
1063:Les enfants se sont lavé
1054:Les enfants se sont lavé
746:("outside the garden").
459:(in the course of), and
354:sentence. For example:
4024:Frontiers in Psychology
3767:A Greek–English Lexicon
3478:Кидбехъор кIетIу зовси.
2428:Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)
2336:with indefinite article
2117:Serbo-Croatian language
2066:zimno "I'm cold", Jest
1105:Adjective endings also
1071:" ("... their hands").
983:. (My friends help me.)
280:" (the dative form of "
135:Indo-European languages
4128:Sarıca, Bedri (2006).
3877:Cite journal requires
3649:The dative case tells
3174:مجھے اپنے کام کرنے ہیں
3171:मुझे अपने काम करने हैं
2505:Singular & Plural
2457:Non-Personal Pronouns
1856:Dativus mensurae: The
1729:, and with the verbal
1700:Dativus auctoris: The
1661:(i.e., please pay..)".
1379:haec nobis agenda sunt
1378:
1366:vir bonus mihi videtur
1365:
1359:
1351:
1346:Quid mihi Celsus agit?
1345:
1335:
1323:
1313:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1249:– "to call for help",
1245:
1237:
1227:
1218:
1067:
1062:
1053:
947:. Common examples are
854:
848:
838:
832:
822:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
779:
769:
755:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
708:
702:
696:
690:
678:Ich lege das Buch auf
677:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
542:(planet), and others.
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
474:
461:
455:
445:
439:
433:
427:
420:
411:Ich schickte das Buch
410:
383:
371:
359:
346:) is used to mark the
4178:Hungarian dative case
3758:Liddell, Henry George
3714:Declension in English
3653:, that is, the place
3645:"Look at the sunset."
3496:for further details.
3487:"The girl had a cat."
2283:~ pl. pa (+D) ceļiem
2055:"to believe someone")
1985:prepositional phrases
1633:Dativus ethicus: The
1467:Dativus finalis: The
1264:puellae ornamento est
1239:non scholae sed vitae
1210:Further information:
979:Meine Freunde helfen
777:, the direct object,
743:außerhalb des Gartens
319:a book" or "he wrote
210:also refers to it as
3566:ʻAli-r Patʼi y-eti-x
2423:Indo-Aryan languages
2275:~ pl. bez (+D) jums
1834:" (Thucydides 8.84)
1578:μεγάλων κακῶν ἄρξει.
1284:Graecis agros colere
1127:Adj. in dative case
1001:Ich bekomme geholfen
805:is a contraction of
737:außerhalb vom Garten
328:prepositional phrase
232:Old English language
191:"Dative" comes from
3830:Oxford Dictionaries
3709:Dative construction
3572:"Ali loves Fatima."
3563:ГIалир ПатIи йетих.
3218:adtam ezt a könyvet
2882:dative construction
2309:(of the dog; dog's)
2279:; sg. pa (+A) ceļu
2137:Dativus possessivus
1933:
1831:ὕστερον ἀποθανόντα.
1772:dativus instrumenti
1691:I've just realized!
1647:προσέχετε τὸν νοῦν.
1601:dativus possessivus
1425:improve the content
1314:Dativus possessivus
1102:his mother/father.
1041:Cf. the respective
997:Ich kriege geholfen
989:Ich werde geholfen.
916:, dative plural of
900:Indefinite article
668:Das Buch liegt auf
641:(beside, next to),
159:Proto-Indo-European
124:dative construction
4172:German dative case
3942:hindilanguage.info
3826:"Personal pronoun"
3220:(I gave this book
2454:Personal Pronouns
1931:
1814:Dativus modi: The
1669:ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός
1534:For the benefit of
1178:Strong inflection
925:Negative articles
846:In this sentence,
478:), referred to as
100:prepositional case
4865:Grammatical cases
4852:
4851:
4733:
4732:
4226:Grammatical cases
4137:ILMi ARAŞTIRMALAR
3907:978-0-06-199722-8
3801:(about) education
3782:Dionysius Thrax.
2878:
2877:
2753:
2752:
2385:(I gave the book
2371:(I gave the book
2285:(along the roads)
2262:up until this day
1971:
1970:
1932:Definite article
1820:the manner or way
1776:instrumental case
1745:πολλαὶ θεραπεῖαι
1559:"Every man toils
1453:
1452:
1445:
1324:angelis alae sunt
1319:possessive dative
1233:dative of purpose
1203:
1202:
1161:Mixed inflection
1119:strong inflection
993:Mir wird geholfen
941:
940:
883:Definite article
725:wegen des Wetters
465:(during the day,
399:" and as "I sent
376:den Stift zurück.
238:period, when the
212:epistaltikḗ
16:(Redirected from
4872:
4745:Classical Arabic
4260:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4196:
4183:Russian Dative:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4080:. Archived from
4074:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4039:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3979:. Archived from
3978:
3970:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3938:"Hindi Pronouns"
3934:
3928:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3898:Wheelock's Latin
3893:
3887:
3886:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:on June 30, 2013
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3803:. Archived from
3793:
3787:
3784:τέχνη γραμματική
3780:
3774:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3688:Birayı buzdolabı
3591:Turkish language
3559:
3553:
3538:
3522:
3516:
3474:
3468:
3452:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3358:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3314:
3308:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3113:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3069:
3024:
3020:
3016:
2985:
2981:
2964:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2920:
2769:
2448:
2311:with no articles
2281:(along the road)
2188:Baltic languages
2160:Slavic languages
2031:
2030:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
1991:Slavic languages
1934:
1906:
1905:
1875:
1874:
1864:. For example:
1858:dativus mensurae
1833:
1832:
1789:
1788:
1778:). For example:
1751:
1750:
1739:. For example:
1738:
1737:
1717:
1716:
1702:dativus auctoris
1675:
1674:
1649:
1648:
1618:
1617:
1580:
1579:
1545:
1544:
1530:. For example:
1507:
1506:
1486:
1485:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1419:placing emphasis
1404:
1403:
1396:
1381:
1368:
1362:
1360:Dativus auctoris
1354:
1348:
1338:
1326:
1316:
1309:"to you for joy"
1308:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1230:
1221:
1144:Weak inflection
1124:
1115:mixed inflection
1070:
1065:
1059:
1003:, literally: "I
864:
857:
851:
841:
835:
825:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
782:
772:
758:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
719:wegen dem Wetter
711:
705:
699:
693:
684:
674:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
477:
464:
458:
448:
442:
436:
430:
423:
416:
408:the accusative:
390:
378:
366:
303:(accusative was
295:(accusative was
70:
69:
59:grammatical case
52:
46:
21:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4792:Old High German
4729:
4708:
4670:
4584:
4511:
4316:
4251:
4228:
4223:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4116:Ignatius Singer
4114:
4110:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4078:"Archived copy"
4076:
4075:
4071:
4017:
4016:
4012:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3974:"Archived copy"
3972:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3947:
3945:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3876:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3777:
3772:Perseus Project
3748:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3705:
3700:
3686:
3678:
3667:
3647:
3633:
3625:
3614:
3579:
3574:
3561:
3540:
3524:
3489:
3476:
3454:
3438:
3400:
3387:
3360:
3344:
3316:
3281:
3258:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3184:
3180:
3169:
3144:
3115:
3098:
3083:
3071:
3063:
3050:
3041:
3037:
3026:
3001:
2987:
2966:
2949:
2934:
2922:
2914:
2886:quirky subjects
2430:
2425:
2293:
2190:
2184:in the dative.
2145:Dativus ethicus
2121:Dativus finalis
2082:dativus commodi
1993:
1976:
1635:dativus ethicus
1469:dativus finalis
1461:Classical Greek
1449:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1422:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1336:Dativus ethicus
1290:Dativus commodi
1228:Dativus finalis
1214:
1208:
1111:weak inflection
1084:dativus ethicus
971:(to help), and
785:accusative case
775:nominative case
700:(in spite of),
694:(in place of),
384:Ich überreiche
348:indirect object
340:
313:
262:
253:
251:Set expressions
228:
204:Dionysius Thrax
189:
88:Scottish Gaelic
77:indirect object
48:
47:, or sometimes
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4878:
4876:
4868:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4839:Serbo-Croatian
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4765:Middle English
4757:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4675:Cause, purpose
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:Multiplicative
4643:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4482:Superdirective
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4175:
4167:
4166:External links
4164:
4161:
4160:
4120:
4108:
4069:
4010:
3965:
3954:
3929:
3912:
3906:
3888:
3879:|journal=
3846:
3817:
3788:
3775:
3742:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3679:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3635:Güneşin batışı
3626:
3623:at-its-sinking
3615:
3607:
3606:
3587:yönelme durumu
3578:
3575:
3541:
3525:
3503:
3502:
3492:suffixes. See
3455:
3439:
3405:
3404:
3361:
3345:
3317:
3295:
3294:
3280:
3277:
3257:
3254:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3182:
3178:
3145:
3116:
3099:
3081:
3072:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3039:
3035:
3002:
2988:
2967:
2950:
2932:
2923:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2474:Interrogative
2472:
2469:
2468:Demonstrative
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2392:
2391:
2377:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2326:
2312:
2305:
2292:
2289:
2273:(without thee)
2189:
2186:
2113:
2112:
2093:
2079:
2056:
1992:
1989:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:for the Greeks
1566:
1565:
1564:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1451:
1450:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1370:
1356:
1332:
1310:
1306:tibi laetitiae
1274:
1246:auxilio vocare
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1088:meinem Sohn(e)
1039:
1038:
1031:
985:
984:
967:(to believe),
945:direct objects
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
922:
921:
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
844:
843:
761:
760:
706:(during), and
393:
392:
380:
368:
339:
336:
312:
311:Modern English
309:
261:
260:Relic pronouns
258:
252:
249:
236:Middle English
227:
224:
208:Art of Grammar
188:
185:
74:
67:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4877:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Archaic Dutch
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:State, manner
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Postdirective
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Approximative
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:List of cases
4235:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4150:on 2019-11-08
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4084:on 2020-09-24
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3986:on 2020-09-24
3982:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3925:0-19-521851-5
3922:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3871:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3847:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3807:on 2016-03-26
3806:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3762:Scott, Robert
3759:
3755:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3719:Double dative
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:vowel harmony
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3234:vowel harmony
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:kām karne hɛ̄
3175:
3172:
3168:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2460:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2354:(to your dog)
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:GEN > շան
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:(without you)
2274:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:vaikui, pl. t
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2166:("son") and '
2165:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:"having died
1836:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:"He kills me
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:the possessor
1602:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:double dative
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1252:venio auxilio
1247:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1035:mir die Hände
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
982:
978:
977:
976:
974:
970:
966:
963:(to follow),
962:
959:(to please),
958:
954:
951:(to answer),
950:
946:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
898:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
850:
840:
834:
833:weitergegeben
829:
824:
820:
819:
818:
817:). However:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
757:
753:
752:
751:
747:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
715:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
683:
681:
673:
671:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
587:(after, to),
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
540:
534:
528:
522:
518:, as well as
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
487:
483:
482:
476:
470:
468:
463:
457:
452:
447:
441:
435:
429:
424:
422:
415:
414:
407:
402:
398:
389:
388:ein Geschenk.
387:
381:
377:
375:
369:
365:
363:
360:Ich schickte
357:
356:
355:
353:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
257:
250:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:dotikē ptôsis
197:
196:cāsus datīvus
194:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
160:
156:
155:Ancient Greek
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
72:
65:
60:
56:
55:core argument
53:when it is a
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4548:Instrumental
4537:
4487:Superelative
4462:Subdirective
4420:-qualitative
4363:Distributive
4292:Intransitive
4152:. Retrieved
4145:the original
4140:
4136:
4123:
4111:
4086:. Retrieved
4082:the original
4072:
4027:
4023:
4013:
3988:. Retrieved
3981:the original
3968:
3957:
3946:. Retrieved
3944:. 2012-04-20
3941:
3932:
3915:
3897:
3891:
3870:cite journal
3861:10.1.1.28.10
3849:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3829:
3820:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3800:
3791:
3778:
3765:
3745:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3586:
3580:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3427:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3333:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3199:
3190:
3187:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2897:
2896:अपने اپنے (
2892:) binds the
2889:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2868:लड़कियों को
2863:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2349:DAT > շան
2343:
2340:
2339:DAT > շան
2333:
2329:
2323:(to the dog)
2322:
2319:
2315:
2314:DAT > շան
2308:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:(to us), jum
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2180:
2179:ojciec → ojc
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:svojoj majci
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2023:
2020:prepositions
2017:
1994:
1977:
1967:ΤΑΙΣ (ταῖς)
1964:ΤΟΙΣ (τοῖς)
1927:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1890:
1881:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1819:
1816:dativus modi
1815:
1804:
1795:
1785:
1771:
1760:
1747:τοῖς ἰατροῖς
1746:
1705:
1701:
1690:
1681:
1670:
1658:
1644:
1634:
1623:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1575:
1574:ἥδε ἡ ἡμέρα
1568:
1560:
1551:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1512:
1503:
1492:for the king
1491:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1430:
1423:Please help
1410:
1352:Cui prodest?
1341:ethic dative
1340:
1318:
1258:accipio dono
1232:
1215:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:on behalf of
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1055:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
986:
980:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:(to thank),
952:
948:
942:
913:
860:
845:
827:
790:zum Verleger
783:, is in the
773:, is in the
762:
748:
687:
679:
669:
599:(from), and
575:(opposite),
563:(at, near),
544:
485:
479:
471:
466:
450:
418:
412:
405:
400:
396:
394:
385:
373:
361:
343:
341:
331:
325:
320:
316:
314:
304:
300:
296:
292:
290:
286:is not known
285:
281:
277:
269:
263:
254:
244:oblique case
229:
215:
211:
199:
195:
190:
176:
172:
170:
166:instrumental
141:branch, the
139:Balto-Slavic
132:
104:prepositions
95:
85:
83:in English.
49:
43:
35:
29:
4770:Old English
4738:Declensions
4687:Benefactive
4666:Translative
4651:Orientative
4636:Instructive
4601:Comparative
4553:-comitative
4507:Terminative
4497:Superlative
4492:Superessive
4447:Postelative
3676:into-icebox
3583:dative case
3366:b-ikʷa-r-xo
3289:lative case
3272:to the poor
2873:laṛkiyõ-ko
2797:Nominative
2534:Nominative
2465:2nd Person
2462:1st Person
2344:(to my dog)
1805:with a bait
1784:με κτείνει
1652:Demosthenes
1643:τούτῳ πάνυ
1624:others have
1576:τοῖς Ἕλλησι
1561:for himself
1528:for someone
1473:the purpose
1033:Ich wasche
1026:Ich wasche
839:weitergeben
740:instead of
569:(against),
536:(obelisk),
453:to house),
413:dem Mann(e)
386:dem Kind(e)
362:dem Mann(e)
96:dative case
94:, the term
68:potum dedit
40:abbreviated
36:dative case
4829:Lithuanian
4661:Semblative
4570:Possessive
4533:Comitative
4467:Subelative
4452:Postessive
4437:Pertingent
4410:Limitative
4348:Apudessive
4297:Nominative
4277:Accusative
4272:Absolutive
4242:Declension
4154:2019-11-08
4088:2020-08-17
3990:2020-08-17
3948:2020-08-17
3840:2016-01-29
3811:2016-01-29
3725:References
3410:kidbe-qo-r
3240:version:
2978:relatives.
2870:لڑکیوں کو
2850:लड़कों को
2433:Hindustani
2373:to the boy
2334:(to a dog)
2001:accusative
1939:Masculine
1920:the best."
1907:" (Plato,
1761:by doctors
1724:pluperfect
1683:Cyropaedia
1583:Thucydides
1513:for honour
1482:τῷ βασιλεῖ
1130:Masculine
1009:perform on
869:Masculine
828:accusative
763:Here, the
557:(out of),
524:(letter),
481:weak nouns
449:(at home,
397:to the man
274:accusative
240:accusative
112:Hindustani
4809:Hungarian
4656:Revertive
4596:Adverbial
4580:Sociative
4575:Privative
4565:Possessed
4477:Sublative
4472:Subessive
4457:Prolative
4432:Perlative
4400:Intrative
4390:Inelative
4375:Egressive
4368:-temporal
4343:Antessive
4307:Partitive
4046:1664-1078
3856:CiteSeerX
3670:buzdolabı
3589:) in the
3407:Кидбехъор
3363:биквархо.
3222:to Dániel
3216:Dánielnek
3209:Hungarian
2975:rishtedār
2969:रिश्तेदार
2864:laṛkī-ko
2859:लड़की को
2855:laṛkõ-ko
2852:لڑکوں کو
2846:laṛke-ko
2841:लड़के को
2832:laṛkiyā̃
2827:लड़कियाँ
2789:Singular
2783:Singular
2526:Singular
2520:Singular
2514:Singular
2508:Singular
2502:Singular
2496:Singular
2488:Proximal
2479:Intimate
2471:Relative
2328:DAT >
2215:vaikams.
2172:syn → syn
2147:(Šta/što
1956:ΤΗΙ (τῇ)
1953:ΤΩΙ (τῷ)
1950:Singular
1945:Feminine
1891:by a head
1871:τῇ κεφαλῇ
1847:a disease
1754:Isocrates
1749:εὕρηνται.
1731:adjective
1686:18.178).
1673:ὁ πάππος.
1659:I beg you
1654:18.178).
1585:2.12.4).
1548:Sophocles
1539:πᾶς ἀνὴρ
1490:"I fight
1374:gerundive
1133:Feminine
1068:les mains
949:antworten
872:Feminine
593:(since),
572:gegenüber
530:(peace),
521:Buchstabe
364:das Buch.
323:a poem."
216:epistéllō
187:Etymology
4859:Category
4782:Georgian
4725:Vocative
4682:Aversive
4628:Exessive
4606:Equative
4560:Ornative
4543:Genitive
4528:Caritive
4523:Abessive
4502:Temporal
4415:Locative
4395:Inessive
4385:Illative
4358:Delative
4338:Allative
4333:Adessive
4328:Ablative
4312:Pegative
4287:Ergative
4097:cite web
4064:30941069
3999:cite web
3703:See also
3665:the-beer
3655:to which
3595:suffixes
3533:Fatima::
3322:uži-qo-r
3268:köyhille
3262:allative
3196:Sanskrit
2894:anaphora
2861:لڑکی کو
2843:لڑکے کو
2743:किन्हें
2725:जिन्हें
2668:तुम्हें
2482:Neutral
2416:, as in
2387:to a boy
2381:մի տղայի
2291:Armenian
2125:Titaniku
2088:człowiek
2029:По бокам
1981:genitive
1904:ἄριστος.
1889:"taller
1873:μείζονα.
1710:genitive
1706:the doer
1678:Xenophon
1433:May 2023
1235:), e.g.
1094:the son
957:gefallen
780:das Buch
714:genitive
672:Tisch(e)
662:zwischen
581:(with),
566:entgegen
551:(from),
446:zu Hause
374:der Frau
372:Ich gab
162:locative
147:Albanian
145:branch,
143:Germanic
108:Georgian
4834:Russian
4824:Latvian
4777:Finnish
4760:English
4616:-formal
4380:Elative
4302:Oblique
4055:6433818
4030:: 461.
3770:at the
3752:δοτικός
3651:whither
3609:Güneşin
3577:Turkish
3546:y-eti-x
3319:ужихъор
3256:Finnish
2972:رشتےدار
2838:Dative
2829:لڑکیاں
2792:Plural
2786:Plural
2707:उन्हें
2689:इन्हें
2638:Dative
2529:Plural
2523:Plural
2517:Plural
2511:Plural
2499:Plural
2491:Distal
2485:Formal
2253:, lit.
2245:, lit.
2168:ojciec'
2131:(Operi
2012:К врачу
1997:Russian
1979:by the
1961:Plural
1942:Neuter
1800:9.407)
1797:Odyssey
1727:passive
1720:perfect
1556:1366).
1511:"I die
1504:τῇ τιμῇ
1502:θνῄσκω
1484:μάχομαι
1457:dativus
1392:Ancient
1296:finalis
1270:puellae
1219:Dativus
1139:Plural
1136:Neuter
965:glauben
937:keinen
934:keinem
931:keiner
928:keinem
914:einigen
878:Plural
875:Neuter
765:subject
703:während
620:entlang
533:Obelisk
486:n-nouns
462:am Tage
456:im Zuge
401:the man
226:English
220:epistle
206:in his
173:give to
57:) is a
32:grammar
18:Dativus
4844:Slovak
4799:Gothic
4787:German
4697:-final
4692:Causal
4632:Formal
4621:-modal
4611:Essive
4538:Dative
4427:Medial
4405:Lative
4282:Direct
4062:
4052:
4044:
3923:
3904:
3858:
3662:Birayı
3617:batışı
3554:-love-
3543:йетих.
3508:ʻAli-r
3505:ГIалир
3460:zow-si
3457:зовси.
3444:kʼetʼu
3441:кIетIу
3350:kʼetʼu
3347:кIетIу
3300:kidb-ā
2996:pasand
2823:laṛkī
2818:लड़की
2814:laṛke
2809:लड़के
2805:laṛkā
2800:लड़का
2748:kinhẽ
2745:کنھیں
2730:jinhẽ
2727:جنہیں
2709:انہیں
2691:انہیں
2673:tumhẽ
2670:تمھیں
2664:tujhe
2646:mujhe
2367:տղային
2318:or շան
2304:= շուն
2141:Ovcama
2037:Polish
1983:or by
1974:Modern
1918:by far
1913:729d)
1886:101a)
1883:Phaedo
1756:8.39)
1712:after
1614:ἄλλοις
1329:copula
1107:change
1049:French
1044:accord
1015:them.
999:, or:
969:helfen
961:folgen
953:danken
909:einem
906:einer
903:einem
849:Freund
787:, and
659:, and
626:hinter
539:Planet
527:Friede
500:, and
497:Beamte
425:after
417:. The
352:German
338:German
181:lative
151:Uralic
66:Jacobo
64:Maria
34:, the
4819:Latin
4814:Irish
4804:Hindi
4750:Czech
4713:Other
4704:Final
4641:Modal
4256:Cases
4148:(PDF)
4133:(PDF)
3984:(PDF)
3977:(PDF)
3612:sun's
3530:Patʼi
3527:ПатIи
3413:girl:
3374:-see-
3353:cat::
3303:girl:
3297:Кидбā
3246:neked
3242:nekem
3177:mujhe
3124:karne
3110:work.
3060:mujhe
3034:mujhe
2958:sabhī
2911:mujhe
2890:mujhe
2820:لڑکی
2811:لڑکے
2802:لڑکا
2778:girl
2772:Case
2764:case.
2739:kise
2736:کیسے
2734:किसे
2721:jise
2716:जिसे
2712:unhẽ
2694:inhẽ
2661:تجھے
2659:तुझे
2655:hamẽ
2652:ہمیں
2650:हमें
2643:مجھے
2641:मुझे
2632:kaun
2542:ma͠i
2451:Case
2437:Hindi
2119:are:
2053:komuś
2049:komuś
2045:komuś
1902:μακρῷ
1878:Plato
1792:Homer
1736:-τέος
1622:"For
1543:πονεῖ
1387:Greek
1206:Latin
1013:offer
973:raten
918:einig
709:wegen
697:trotz
691:statt
682:Tisch
650:unter
638:neben
554:außer
503:Junge
406:after
350:of a
344:Dativ
332:to me
193:Latin
177:go to
128:Hindi
126:. In
116:Hindi
92:Irish
79:of a
73:Jacob
4103:link
4060:PMID
4042:ISSN
4005:link
3921:ISBN
3902:ISBN
3883:help
3692:koy.
3681:koy.
3639:bak.
3631:look
3628:bak.
3581:The
3557:PRES
3511:Ali-
3447:cat:
3422:POSS
3383:PRES
3377:CAUS
3328:POSS
3325:boy-
3285:Tsez
3279:Tsez
3238:-nek
3230:-nek
3228:and
3226:-nak
3181:apne
3162:MASC
3137:MASC
3133:PTCP
3121:کرنے
3118:करने
3091:MASC
3087:REFL
3080:apne
3077:اپنے
3074:अपने
3057:مجھے
3054:मुझे
3038:apne
3019:MASC
2999:like
2993:پسند
2990:पसंद
2980:MASC
2961:all.
2955:سبھی
2942:MASC
2938:REFL
2931:apne
2928:اپنے
2925:अपने
2908:مجھے
2905:मुझे
2898:apne
2775:boy
2761:girl
2759:and
2718:جسے
2703:use
2700:اسے
2698:उसे
2685:ise
2682:اسے
2680:इसे
2629:کون
2627:कौन
2605:vah
2587:yah
2569:tum
2564:तुम
2551:ham
2539:میں
2537:मैं
2441:Urdu
2332:շան
2220:both
2213:iems
2209:iems
2177:and
2164:syn'
1910:Laws
1843:from
1829:νόσῳ
1790:." (
1786:δόλῳ
1722:and
1553:Ajax
1541:αὑτῷ
1293:and
1199:-en
1173:-en
1170:-en
1167:-en
1164:-en
1156:-en
1153:-en
1150:-en
1147:-en
1028:mich
1020:sich
895:den
892:dem
889:der
886:dem
644:über
590:seit
584:nach
515:Name
512:and
509:Herz
491:Name
475:Herz
467:lit.
451:lit.
434:Kind
431:and
428:Mann
301:hire
297:hine
270:also
266:whom
230:The
164:and
120:Urdu
110:and
90:and
81:verb
4050:PMC
4032:doi
3684:put
3536:ABS
3520:LAT
3514:DAT
3472:PST
3466:PST
3463:be:
3450:ABS
3434:LAT
3428:DAT
3416:OBL
3371:III
3356:ABS
3340:LAT
3334:DAT
3312:ERG
3306:OBL
3158:PRS
3156:be.
3153:hɛ̄
3150:ہیں
3147:हैं
3129:INF
3127:do.
3112:NOM
3107:kām
3104:کام
3101:काम
3068:DAT
3015:PRS
3013:be.
3010:hɛ̄
3007:ہیں
3004:हैं
2963:NOM
2952:सभी
2919:DAT
2900:).
2884:or
2757:boy
2623:jo
2620:جو
2618:जो
2614:ve
2611:وے
2609:वे
2602:وہ
2600:वह
2596:ye
2593:یے
2591:ये
2584:یہ
2582:यह
2578:āp
2575:آپ
2573:आप
2566:تم
2560:tū
2557:تو
2555:तू
2548:ہم
2546:हम
2302:dog
2269:all
2223:mum
2211:ger
2203:ger
2174:owi
2105:nam
2090:owi
2086:emu
2076:jej
2072:wam
2068:nam
1995:In
1876:" (
1752:" (
1733:in
1715:ὑπό
1693:)".
1676:" (
1671:μοι
1650:" (
1645:μοι
1581:" (
1571:: "
1546:" (
1536:: "
1303:):
1222:):
1098:or
1096:for
1080:mir
1051:: "
1047:in
1005:get
981:mir
814:dem
802:zum
770:Ich
731:von
680:den
670:dem
656:vor
614:auf
596:von
578:mit
560:bei
548:aus
484:or
421:(e)
334:".
305:hīe
293:him
282:wer
278:wem
44:dat
30:In
4861::
4189:,
4186:,
4141:22
4139:.
4135:.
4099:}}
4095:{{
4058:.
4048:.
4040:.
4028:10
4026:.
4022:.
4001:}}
3997:{{
3940:.
3874::
3872:}}
3868:{{
3828:.
3799:.
3764:;
3760:;
3756:.
3733:^
3690:na
3672:na
3637:na
3619:na
3551:II
3252:)
3244:,
3166:PL
3141:PL
3095:PL
3066:I.
3023:PL
2984:PL
2946:PL
2917:I.
2677:—
2414:at
2396:to
2383::
2369::
2330:մի
2287:.
2264:.
2257:.
2238:.
2205:am
2201:am
2153:mi
2149:mi
2109:mi
2101:mu
2097:im
2064:mi
2060:ci
2039::
2024:по
1987:.
1893:."
1880:,
1849:."
1845:)
1839:of
1794:,
1763:."
1680:,
1563:".
1550:,
1515:".
1508:"
1494:".
1487:"
1195:em
1189:er
1183:em
1092:to
920:)
855:an
830:)
811:+
808:zu
796:zu
767:,
653:,
647:,
635:,
632:in
629:,
623:,
617:,
611:,
608:an
602:zu
494:,
440:-e
321:me
317:me
222:.
183:.
4218:e
4211:t
4204:v
4157:.
4105:)
4091:.
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