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216:. The zebra mussel has become an invasive species that is frequently spread via ballast water. In North America, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden, the species has invaded native habitats. The mussels take oxygen and food from the water, limiting the resources available for native species and disrupting local ecosystems. Zebra mussels can have a significant impact on
162:, improve propulsion and maneuverability, and to compensate for weight loss due to fuel and water consumption. Approximately 10 billion tons of ballast water is transported each year, accounting for 90% of our world trade. Typically, ballast water discharge contains a variety of biological materials including non-native, invasive, and
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Throughout this process, large ships withdraw up to 20 million gallons of water at their specific loading ports. Including native species; both plant and animal, before disposing them at their next destination. However, when these invasive species are unloaded, specific conditions like
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and the northeastern
Atlantic Ocean. This species has become invasive to North America, South Africa, South America, Asia, and Australia. This widely spread invasive species is often distributed by ship ballast water.
174:, lack of resources, and predator-to-prey competition affects how foreign species survive in non-native habitats. These factors cause stress within the ecosystems, throwing off ecological and environmental balance.
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often becomes more intense. If native species are out-competed by invasive species, it can affect the established predator-prey relationships within that region, possibly having disruptive effects on the wider
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414:"Bacterial Diversity in Ships Ballast Water Ballast-Water Exchange, and Implications for Ship-Mediated Dispersal of Microorganisms"
334:. The competitiveness and efficiency of this species out-competes native crabs and lobsters. Specifically, the green crab disrupts
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134:. Ballast water spreads an estimated 7000 living species to new habitats across the globe. These species can affect the
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components found in invaded habitats such as boats, waterways, harbors, water treatment plants, and power plants.
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291:, fish eggs and larvae. Some individuals are known to consume individuals of their own species. Specifically,
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460:"Effects of invasive zebra mussels on phytoplankton, turbidity, and dissolved nutrients in reservoirs"
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Diagram depicts invasive species being transported to and discharged into non-native habitats.
499:"Potential Abiotic and Biotic Impacts of Zebra Mussels on the Inland Waters of North America"
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of their new regions by outcompeting native species or otherwise impacting native
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that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems.
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poses a particular threat due to its appetite for valuable farmed mollusks.
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because they have been linked to the diminishing zooplankton population.
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607:"Conservation groups criticize new EPA ballast water rule exemption"
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has become invasive through the transfer of ballast water to the
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630:"EPA releases proposal concerning discharges of marine vessels"
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in the habitats they invade. Invasive zebra mussels, often in
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Kirsch, Katrina M.; Dzialowski, Andrew R. (1 May 2012).
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Journal of Selçuk
University Natural and Applied Science
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As new species are introduced to non-native ecosystems,
385:"Effect of Ballast Water on Marine and Coastal Ecology"
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is a voracious predator to many species such as worms,
279:, west coast of Sweden, and the Southern and Northern
313:commonly known as the green crab, is native to the
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
338:beds, often home to diverse fish populations. For
55:"Dispersal of invasive species by ballast water"
383:Elçiçek, H.; Parlak, A.; Cakmakci, M. (2013).
204:, commonly known as the zebra mussel, live in
120:dispersal of invasive species by ballast water
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122:refers to the unintentional introduction of
356:Ballast water discharge and the environment
295:has become an ecological problem for local
158:The purpose of ballast water is to provide
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255:, commonly known as the sea walnut, is a
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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224:populations, have been shown to damage
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555:"5 Invasive Species You Should Know"
283:. This carnivorous species feeds on
208:and are native to southern lakes in
44:adding citations to reliable sources
361:Climate change and invasive species
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246:commonly known as the Sea Walnut.
667:Environmental impact of shipping
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31:needs additional citations for
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579:"Fisheries and Oceans Canada"
423:10.1021/acs.est.6b03108.s001
132:commercial shipping vessels
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672:Environmental conservation
528:Pacific, Aquarium of the.
497:MacIsaac, Hugh J. (1996).
534:www.aquariumofpacific.org
530:"Comb Jelly (Sea Walnut)"
476:10.1007/s10750-012-1008-1
179:interspecific competition
342:and fishing industries,
126:to new habitats via the
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201:Dreissena polymorpha
160:transverse stability
40:improve this article
613:. 16 December 2020
503:American Zoologist
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136:ecological balance
636:. 13 October 2020
634:Water Tech Online
611:Water Tech Online
583:www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
553:Tennessen, Tina.
261:Mnemiopsis leidyi
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677:Pest control
638:. Retrieved
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647:Great Lakes
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645:about the
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367:References
315:Baltic Sea
303:Green crab
281:Baltic Sea
257:ctenophore
232:Sea walnut
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515:0003-1569
484:1573-5117
395:: 454–463
344:C. maenas
320:C. maenas
297:fisheries
222:monotypic
350:See also
336:eelgrass
324:mollusks
184:food web
172:salinity
328:oysters
226:abiotic
214:Ukraine
80:scholar
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330:, and
273:Aegean
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