133:
All ecocritics share an environmentalist motivation of some sort, but whereas the majority are 'nature endorsing', some are 'nature sceptical'. In part this entails a shared sense of the ways in which 'nature' has been used to legitimize gender, sexual and racial norms (so homosexuality has been seen as 'unnatural', for example), but it also involves scepticism about the uses to which 'ecological' language is put in ecocriticism; it can also involve a critique of the ways cultural norms of nature and the environment contribute to
295:, has retained the position it established at that time as the intellectual home of ecocriticism even as ASLE has burgeoned into an organization with thousands of members in the US alone. From the late 1990s, new branches of ASLE and affiliated organizations were started in the UK, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand (ASLEC-ANZ), India (OSLE-India), Southeast Asia (ASLE-ASEAN), Taiwan, Canada and Europe. The emergence of ecocriticism in British literary criticism is usually dated to the publication in 1991 of
343:
way yet to describe how our attitude towards our being in the environment has shifted since the Covid-19 pandemic?' This scholarly volume is evidence of a current trend in eco-critical scholarship to explore the impact of the twenty-first century's technological developments, societal shifts, environmental challenges, and political situation through the perspective of creative works that are concerned with the poetics of space, health, and the environment (both urban and rural).
310:, former Harvard professor and proponent of ecocriticism, the second wave of ecocriticism aligns with public health environmentalism, with ethics and politics that are sociocentric rather than ecocentric. The second wave not only considers rural landscapes or wilderness, but also landscapes of urban and industrial transformation. It is inspired by writers such as Charles Dickens, who wrote about Victorian-era public health concerns, and the American novelist
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motivating audiences to live within a limit that will be binding over generations". He tests it for a film adaptation about
Amazonian deforestation. Implementing the Gomides definition, Joseph Henry Vogel makes the case that ecocriticism constitutes an "economic school of thought" as it engages audiences to debate issues of resource allocation that have no technical solution.
260:, "One indication of the disunity of the early efforts is that these critics rarely cited one another's work; they didn't know that it existed...Each was a single voice howling in the wilderness." Nevertheless, ecocriticismâunlike feminist and Marxist criticismsâfailed to crystallize into a coherent movement in the late 1970s, and indeed only did so in the US in the 1990s.
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104:, romantic poetry, and canonical literature to take in film, television, theatre, animal stories, architectures, scientific narratives and an extraordinary range of literary texts. At the same time, ecocriticism has borrowed methodologies and theoretically informed approaches liberally from other fields of literary, social and scientific study.
342:
entitled 'A New
Poetics of Space', the co-editors, Lucy Jeffery and Vicky Angelaki, remark: 'We hope that through the analysis of the act of walking in the creative arts we can understand our role in shaping the environmental state in which we find ourselves. Throughout this volume we ask: is there a
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is identified in the tragic conception of a hero whose moral struggles are more important than mere biological survival, whereas the science of animal ethology, Meeker asserts, shows that a "comic mode" of muddling through and "making love not war" has superior ecological value. In the later, "second
119:
Simon Estok noted in 2001 that "ecocriticism has distinguished itself, debates notwithstanding, firstly by the ethical stand it takes, its commitment to the natural world as an important thing rather than simply as an object of thematic study, and, secondly, by its commitment to making connections".
45:
The term 'ecocriticism' was coined in 1978 by
William Rueckert in his essay "Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism". It takes an interdisciplinary point of view by analyzing the works of authors, researchers and poets in the context of environmental issues and nature. Some ecocritics
132:
As
Michael P. Cohen has observed, "if you want to be an ecocritic, be prepared to explain what you do and be criticized, if not satirized." Certainly, Cohen adds his voice to such critique, noting that one of the problems of ecocriticism has been what he calls its "praise-song school" of criticism.
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has recently argued that the historical dangers of a romantic version of nature now need to be replaced by "urbanatural roosting", a view that sees urban life and the natural world as closely linked and argues for humans to live more lightly on the planet, the way virtually all other species do.
152:
In response to the question of what ecocriticism is or should be, Camilo
Gomides has offered an operational definition that is both broad and discriminating: "The field of enquiry that analyzes and promotes works of art which raise moral questions about human interactions with nature, while also
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Recent eco-critical scholarship has seen issues concerning eco-anxiety, veganism, and activism take precedence. Scholars are now starting to take into consideration the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on environmental activism and the climate crisis more broadly. In their 2022 Special Issue for
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More recently, in an article that extends ecocriticism to
Shakespearean studies, Estok argues that ecocriticism is more than "simply the study of Nature or natural things in literature; rather, it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analyzing the functionâthematic, artistic,
223:
Ecologically minded individuals and scholars have been publishing progressive works of ecotheory and criticism since the explosion of environmentalism in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, because there was no organized movement to study the ecological/environmental side of literature, these
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The second wave of ecocriticism distinguishes itself from the first wave by prioritizing the exploration of issues such as environmental resource distribution, environmental justice, minority and socioeconomic impacts related to environmental circumstances. A representative of second-wave
248:(1974), proposed a version of an argument that was later to dominate ecocriticism and environmental philosophy; that environmental crisis is caused primarily by a cultural tradition in the West of separation of culture from nature, and elevation of the former to moral predominance. Such
165:
in "Islamecocriticism: Green Islam
Introduced to Ecocriticism." The article is shortly followed by a thorough representation of Material Islamecocriticism in "Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islamecocritical Reading of Inanimateness Animism" which appeared in
253:
wave" ecocriticism, Meeker's adoption of an ecophilosophical position with apparent scientific sanction as a measure of literary value tended to prevail over
Williams's ideological and historical critique of the shifts in a literary genre's representation of nature.
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social, historical, ideological, theoretical, or otherwiseâof the natural environment, or aspects of it, represented in documents (literary or other) that contribute to material practices in material worlds". This echoes the functional approach of the
199:" have begun empirically evaluating the influence of ecofiction on its readers. Other disciplines, such as history, economics, philosophy, ethics, and psychology, are also considered by ecocritics to be possible contributors to ecocriticism.
111:
is that "ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment", and one of the implicit goals of the approach is to recoup professional dignity for what
Glotfelty calls the "undervalued genre of
186:, and how it has changed throughout history and whether or not current environmental issues are accurately represented or even mentioned in popular culture and modern literature. Not only do ecocritics determine the actual meaning of
190:
texts, but they use those texts for analyzing the practices of society in relationship to nature. They also critique visions that are human-centered and man/male centered. Scholars in ecocriticism engage in questions regarding
195:, and the "mainstream assumption that the natural world be seen primarily as a resource for human beings" as well as critical approaches to changing ideas in "the material and cultural bases of modern society." Recently, "
128:
branch of ecocriticism, which analyzes the analogies between ecosystems and imaginative texts and posits that such texts potentially have an ecological (regenerative, revitalizing) function in the cultural system.
182:
values, what, precisely, is meant by the word nature, and whether the examination of "place" should be a distinctive category, much like class, gender or race. Ecocritics examine human perception of
291:, Glotfelty became the first person to hold an academic position as a professor of Literature and the Environment, and UNR, with the aid of the now-retired Glotfelty and the remaining professor
100:
In comparison with other 'political' forms of criticism, there has been relatively little dispute about the moral and philosophical aims of ecocriticism, although its scope has broadened from
137:. Greg Garrard has dubbed 'pastoral ecology' the notion that nature undisturbed is balanced and harmonious, while Dana Phillips has criticised the literary quality and scientific accuracy of
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161:
The interdisciplinary nature of
Ecocriticism and Islam as well as their mutual interest in nature led to the coinage of Islamecocriticism in 2021. Islemecocriticism is fully introduced by
50:
46:
brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of the contemporary environmental situation, though not all ecocritics agree on the purpose, methodology, or scope of ecocriticism.
116:". Lawrence Buell defines "'ecocriticism' ... as study of the relationship between literature and the environment conducted in a spirit of commitment to environmentalist praxis".
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53:(ASLE), which hosts a biennial conference for scholars who deal with environmental matters in literature and the environmental humanities in general. ASLE publishes a journalâ
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Ecocriticismâs second wave emerged in the 2000s through a more complex understanding of the overall history of global environmentalism and environmental justice. According to
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point of view, where literature scholars analyze texts that illustrate environmental concerns and examine the various ways literature treats the subject of
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Bladow, Kyle and Jennifer Ladino (Eds). "Affective Ecocriticism: Emotion, Embodiment, Environment". Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2018.
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220:. Drawing from this critical moment, Rueckert's intent was to focus on "the application of ecology and ecological concepts to the study of literature".
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Gomides, C. (1 January 2006). "Putting a New Definition of Ecocriticism to the Test: The Case of The Burning Season, a Film (Mal)Adaptation".
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Ecocriticism is an intentionally broad approach that is known by a number of other designations, including "green (cultural) studies", "
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Nichols, Ashton. "Beyond Romantic Ecocriticism: Toward Urbanatural Roosting." New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Paperback, 2012.
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Gomides, Camilo. 'Putting a New Definition of Ecocriticism to the Test: The Case of The Burning Season, a film (mal)Adaptation".
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In the mid-1980s, scholars began to work collectively to establish ecocriticism as a genre, primarily through the work of the
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Cranston, CA. & Robert Zeller, eds. "The Littoral Zone: Australian Contexts and their Writers". New York: Rodopi, 2007.
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Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing: Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez.
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Abolfotoh, Inas. "Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islamecocritical Reading of Inanimateness Animism."
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Vogel, Joseph Henry. "Ecocriticism as an Economic School of Thought: Woody Allen's Match Point as Exemplary."
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Estok, Simon C. (2005). "Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of 'Home' and 'Power' in King Lear."
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grant, for his ground-breaking work in this emerging genre. Collom taught an influential Eco-Lit course at
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Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew; Weik von Mossner, Alexa; MaĆecki, Wojciech; Hakemulder, Frank, eds. (2023).
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and Serpil Oppermann (Eds). "Material Ecocriticism". Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014.
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957:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001.
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Meeker, Joseph W. "The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology." New York: Scribner's, 1972.
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Ecology and Literature: Ecocentric Personification from Antiquity to the Twenty-first Century
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Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond
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The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture
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important works were scattered and categorized under a litany of different subject headings:
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68:", and "environmental literary criticism", and is often informed by other fields such as
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38:. It was first originated by Joseph Meeker as an idea called "literary ecology" in his
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Loving God's Wildness: The Christian Roots of Ecological Ethics in American Literature
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Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory: The Development of the Aesthetics of the Infinite
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Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew; Weik von Mossner, Alexa; MaĆecki, W. P. (1 May 2020).
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318:, who was executed for his protests against ecological devastation in Nigeria, and
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European Association for the Study of Literature, Culture and Environment (EASLCE)
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933:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1995.
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Abolfotoh, Inas. "Islamecocriticism: Green Islam Introduced to Ecocriticism."
597:
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23:
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The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than-Human World
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as a non-fictional literary genre could function. During the late-1980s poet
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1937:
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Rueckert, William. "Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism."
695:
402:
65:
2285:
751:
681:, vol. 28, no. 4, 2021, pp. 1371-90, https:// doi.org/10.1093/isle/isaa139.
641:
875:, 26.3, (2022), Special Issue âA New Poetics of Spaceâ, 203-209 (p. 208),
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Explorations in Ecocriticism: Advocacy, Bioregionalism, and Visual Design
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Ecological Literary Criticism: Romantic Imagining and the Biology of Mind
372:
225:
235:, for example, wrote a seminal critique of pastoral literature in 1973,
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The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America
196:
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69:
27:
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While William Rueckert may have been the first person to use the term
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35:
1261:
735:"Empirical Ecocriticism: Environmental Texts and Empirical Methods"
1532:
1492:
960:
Cohen, Michael P. "Blues in Green: Ecocriticism Under Critique."
877:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14688417.2022.2113632
776:
Empirical ecocriticism: environmental narratives for social change
1277:
Nordic Network for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies (NIES)
1247:
ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and the Environment
908:
Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory
145:. Similarly, there has been a call to recognize the place of the
1257:
Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment
1246:
1150:
The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America
49:
In the United States, ecocriticism is often associated with the
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333:
Environmental Justice Reader: Politics, Poetics, and Pedagogy.
1251:
679:
ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
163:
ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
918:
Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition
710:
The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment
297:
Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition
228:, human ecology, regionalism, American Studies etc. British
61:)âin which current international scholarship can be found.
1197:
Zapf, Hubert. "Literary Ecology and the Ethics of Texts."
1067:"Greening English: Recent Introductions to Ecocriticism."
969:
The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism
1271:
403:"What is ecocriticism? â Environmental Humanities Center"
1266:
1267:
Association for the Study of Literature and Environment
899:
Alex, Rayson K., S. Susan Deborah & Sachindev P.S.
739:
Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
630:
Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
55:
Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
51:
Association for the Study of Literature and Environment
1052:
The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology
488:
The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology
208:
Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism,
1169:
Selvamony, Nirmal, Nirmaldasan & Rayson K. Alex.
778:. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press.
178:
Ecocritics investigate such things as the underlying
40:
The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology (
16:
Interdisciplinary study of literature and environment
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2692:
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2323:
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Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 1992.
425:
The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology
871:Jeffery, Lucy and Vicky Angelaki, âIntroductionâ,
1054:. Athens and London: University of Georgia, 1996.
903:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.
1135:. Cambridge, MAL Harvard University Press, 2012.
1031:Contemporary Contemplations on Green Literatures
940:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2015.
244:Another early ecocritical text, Joseph Meeker's
149:movement in redefining ecocritical discourse.
2301:
1326:
1173:. Delhi: Sarup and Sons and OSLE-India, 2008.
8:
1145:. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1959.
1050:Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm (Eds).
1017:Contemporary Contemplations on Ecoliterature
1290:GIECO: Grupo de InvestigaciĂłn en EcocrĂtica
1166:. San José, Costa Rica: Aire Moderno, 2004.
901:Culture and Media: Ecocritical Explorations
516:"What is Ecocriticism?: Literary Movements"
2308:
2294:
2286:
1333:
1319:
1311:
910:. 3rd ed. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2009.
447:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
314:, as well as by global activists, such as
287:, for nearly two decades. In 1990, at the
107:Cheryll Glotfelty's working definition in
1109:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.
750:
696:https://dx.doi.org/10.13185/KK2021.003706
1152:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
1047:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
210:ecocriticism as a movement owes much to
920:. London and New York: Routledge, 1991.
798:Glotfelty & Fromm 1996, p. 107
394:
206:(Barry 240) in his 1978 essay entitled
1262:Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism
1128:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
1116:Green Writing: Romanticism and Ecology
539:
537:
440:
712:. New York: Cambridge UP. p. 2.
7:
2910:
1029:Frederick, Suresh and Samuel Rufus.
819:"Ecocriticism: Some Emerging Trends"
694:, vol. 0, no. 37, 2021, pp. 102-27,
543:Glotfelty & Fromm 1996, p. xviii
326:and the effects of mercury poisoning
1045:The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism
552:Glotfelty & Fromm 1996, p. xxxi
1733:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
1097:Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015.
1024:Ecocriticism: Paradigms and Praxis
807:Glotfelty & Fromm 1996, p. vii
14:
1026:. Chennai: NCBH, Dec 2019. Print.
2909:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2457:Traditional ecological knowledge
2403:
1476:
1194:London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.
1118:. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.
996:La aventura perdida del ecopoema
979:"A Report Card on Ecocriticism."
2755:Science, technology and society
1185:OMETECA: Science and Humanities
1087:. New York: Columbia UP, 1994.
1033:. New Delhi: Authorpress, 2021.
277:National Endowment for the Arts
1074:Indian Journal of Ecocriticism
1019:. New Delhi:Authorpress, 2012.
906:Barry, Peter. "Ecocriticism".
265:Western Literature Association
1:
2596:Religion and environmentalism
1803:Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
1773:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
1728:Anne Louise Germaine de Staël
520:A Research Guide for Students
214:'s 1962 environmental exposé
2659:Environmental interpretation
1303:Articles on ecocriticism in
1237:Resources in other libraries
1040:. New York: Routledge, 2004.
267:in which the revaluation of
2632:Environmental communication
1305:Western American Literature
971:. London: Routledge, 2000.
896:. New York: Pantheon, 1996.
492:University of Georgia Press
2974:
2447:Environmental anthropology
1768:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1141:Nicolson, Marjorie Hope.
964:9. 1 (January 2004): 9â36.
851:10.5250/quiparle.19.2.0087
835:10.5250/quiparle.19.2.0087
423:Meeker, Joseph W. (1972).
289:University of Nevada, Reno
2885:
2401:
2240:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
1633:Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
1474:
1443:Reader-response criticism
1232:Resources in your library
1192:The Country and the City.
977:Estok, Simon C. (2001).
600:, "What is Nature?", 1998
494:. 1996. pp. xxviii.
331:ecocriticism is the 2002
135:environmental degradation
2951:Environmental humanities
2862:Sustainable architecture
2800:Arts and Crafts movement
2664:Environmental journalism
2558:Environmental philosophy
2317:Environmental humanities
1683:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
1438:Psychoanalytic criticism
1282:7 September 2015 at the
994:Forns-Broggi, Roberto. "
817:Buell, Lawrence (2011).
383:Environmental humanities
238:The Country and the City
2684:Thematic interpretation
2637:Environmental education
2437:Ecological anthropology
2343:Environmental sculpture
1738:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1295:17 October 2020 at the
1252:Journal of Ecocriticism
1069:Contemporary Literature
708:Clark, Timothy (2011).
258:The Ecocriticism Reader
109:The Ecocriticism Reader
2835:Landscape architecture
2782:Sustainability studies
2591:Environmental theology
1458:Sociological criticism
1428:Postcolonial criticism
1363:Biographical criticism
1171:Essays in Ecocriticism
1133:The Ecological Thought
991:103 (May 2005): 15â41.
984:96 (November): 200â38.
967:Coupe, Laurence, ed.
256:As Glotfelty noted in
246:The Comedy of Survival
2956:Environmental studies
2654:Environmental history
2553:Environmental justice
1903:Ferdinand de Saussure
1486:Theorists and critics
1201:39.4 (2008): 847â868.
1162:Rojas PĂ©rez, Walter.
1071:47.2 (2006): 289â298.
1043:Garrard, Greg (ed.),
1009:5/6 (2007): 376â394.
962:Environmental History
950:24.3 (1998): 639â665.
609:Barry 2009, pp. 56-58
579:Estok 2005, pp. 16-17
147:environmental justice
82:environmental history
2830:Environmental design
2710:Biophilia hypothesis
2548:Environmental ethics
2518:Aesthetics of nature
1808:James Russell Lowell
1783:Francesco De Sanctis
1763:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1743:Wilhelm von Humboldt
1588:Lodovico Castelvetro
1373:Cultural materialism
1358:Archetypal criticism
1199:New Literary History
1001:9 April 2016 at the
752:10.1093/isle/isaa022
642:10.1093/isle/13.1.13
197:empirical ecocritics
143:The Truth of Ecology
2872:Sustainable fashion
1908:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
1843:Friedrich Nietzsche
1798:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1758:Thomas Love Peacock
1753:Arthur Schopenhauer
1703:Mary Wollstonecraft
1388:Descriptive poetics
1378:Darwinian criticism
1190:Williams, Raymond.
1187:12 (2008): 105â119.
1061:13.1 (2006): 13â23.
1022:Frederick, Suresh.
1015:Frederick, Suresh.
490:. Athens, Georgia:
174:In literary studies
2946:Literary criticism
2895:Environment portal
2867:Sustainable design
2500:Outdoor literature
2427:Cultural landscape
2353:Landscape painting
2210:Hans-Georg Gadamer
2042:Philip Wheelwright
2032:Simone de Beauvoir
1828:Charles Baudelaire
1723:William Wordsworth
1718:Friedrich Schlegel
1713:Friedrich Schiller
1543:Christine de Pizan
1453:Semiotic criticism
1398:Feminist criticism
1342:Literary criticism
1159:9.1 (1978): 71â86.
1113:McKusick, James C.
945:"Toxic Discourse."
570:Estok 2001, p. 220
322:, who wrote about
275:was awarded a 2nd
74:sustainable design
2933:
2932:
2825:Educational trail
2815:Ecological design
2674:Outdoor education
2669:Environmental law
2601:Spiritual ecology
2563:Predation problem
2390:Site-specific art
2338:Environmental art
2283:
2282:
2265:Oswald de Andrade
2102:Hans Robert Jauss
2077:E. D. Hirsch, Jr.
1973:John Crowe Ransom
1868:Stéphane Mallarmé
1838:SĂžren Kierkegaard
1658:Giambattista Vico
1448:Russian formalism
1413:Marxist criticism
1213:Library resources
1164:La ecocrĂtica hoy
1131:Morton, Timothy.
1124:Moore, Bryan L.
1090:Lindholdt, Paul.
1078:Iovino, Serenella
953:Buell, Lawrence.
943:Buell, Lawrence.
936:Bilbro, Jeffrey.
785:978-1-5179-1535-3
501:9-780-8203-1781-6
293:Michael P. Branch
285:Boulder, Colorado
281:Naropa University
32:interdisciplinary
2963:
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2893:
2805:Acoustic ecology
2538:Ecophenomenology
2523:Critical realism
2422:Cultural ecology
2407:
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2296:
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2260:Yokomitsu Riichi
2230:J. Hillis Miller
2195:Geoffrey Hartman
2152:Elaine Showalter
2112:Raymond Williams
2072:Martin Heidegger
2062:Gaston Bachelard
2027:Jean-Paul Sartre
2012:Monroe Beardsley
1968:Georges Bataille
1948:Boris Eikhenbaum
1923:Viktor Shklovsky
1793:John Stuart Mill
1778:Giacomo Leopardi
1623:Pierre Corneille
1480:
1463:Source criticism
1335:
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1148:Phillips, Dana.
1083:Kroeber, Karl.
1065:Heise, Ursula K.
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250:anthropocentrism
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193:anthropocentrism
126:cultural ecology
92:, among others.
86:environmentalism
22:is the study of
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2190:Jonathan Culler
2117:Lionel Trilling
2097:Michel Foucault
2087:Jacques Derrida
1963:Mikhail Bakhtin
1918:Walter Benjamin
1883:Antonio Gramsci
1878:Benedetto Croce
1823:Hippolyte Taine
1813:Edgar Allan Poe
1688:Joshua Reynolds
1481:
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1350:Literary theory
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1297:Wayback Machine
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2528:Deep ecology
2490:Geocriticism
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2452:Ethnoecology
2442:Ecosemiotics
2363:conservation
2250:André Breton
2225:M. H. Abrams
2220:Peter Szondi
2215:Paul Ricoeur
2205:Hayden White
2142:Stanley Fish
2132:Harold Bloom
2082:Noam Chomsky
2037:Ronald Crane
1943:Leon Trotsky
1848:Walter Pater
1678:Edward Young
1663:Edmund Burke
1553:Rajashekhara
1548:Bharata Muni
1468:Thing theory
1433:Postcritique
1408:Geocriticism
1393:Ecocriticism
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1218:Ecocriticism
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2606:Stewardship
2586:Ecotheology
2533:Ecofeminism
2358:Photography
2275:Octavio Paz
2180:René Girard
2161:Susan Gubar
2147:Edward Said
2127:Paul de Man
1993:Paul Valéry
1928:T. S. Eliot
1913:T. E. Hulme
1888:Umberto Eco
1873:Leo Tolstoy
1863:Oscar Wilde
1643:John Dennis
1628:John Dryden
1157:Iowa Review
665:"Macmillan"
663:Macmillan.
526:5 September
408:26 February
273:Jack Collom
226:pastoralism
78:biopolitics
2940:Categories
2840:assessment
2810:Biomimicry
2750:Sexecology
2647:arts-based
2510:Philosophy
2467:Literature
1853:Ămile Zola
1748:John Keats
1668:David Hume
1638:John Locke
618:Buell 1998
598:Kate Soper
389:References
184:wilderness
180:ecological
96:Definition
66:ecopoetics
24:literature
2820:Ecomuseum
2772:Slow food
2705:Bioethics
2485:Ecopoetry
2368:landscape
1938:Carl Jung
1833:Karl Marx
1538:Boccaccio
1498:Aristotle
1403:Formalism
1101:Marx, Leo
859:141536349
843:1041-8385
823:Qui Parle
761:1076-0962
650:1076-0962
588:Zapf 2008
561:430, n.20
472:4 October
443:cite book
2920:Journals
2905:Category
2845:planning
2578:Religion
2543:Ecosophy
2378:wildlife
2348:Land art
2333:Crop art
2255:Mina Loy
1523:Boethius
1513:Plotinus
1508:Longinus
1293:Archived
1280:Archived
999:Archived
373:Ecosophy
347:See also
30:from an
2925:Degrees
2915:Commons
2792:Applied
2729:museums
2693:Related
2414:Culture
2270:Hu Shih
1578:Liu Xie
1558:Valmiki
1528:Aquinas
886:Sources
70:ecology
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28:ecology
2373:nature
1568:Cao Pi
1503:Horace
1215:about
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855:S2CID
847:JSTOR
2173:and
2159:and
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757:ISSN
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646:ISSN
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496:ISBN
474:2021
449:link
429:ISBN
410:2020
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