93:
24:
225:
Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).
136:
224:
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;
181:
Cuba's approach to addressing environmental challenges includes significant international cooperation. For example, the Sister
Sanctuaries Agreement between the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Park Service, and Cuba's Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment
83:
Environmental awareness has grown in Cuba over the years. In the late 1990s and 2000s, the Cuban government initiated new programs aimed at protecting the environment and increasing forest coverage. These efforts demonstrate a commitment to preserving the natural heritage of Cuba and safeguarding its
185:
Despite challenges in accessing international funds due to political and economic constraints, Cuba has pursued innovative solutions to finance its conservation efforts. Initiatives include the
National Fund for Forest Development (FONADEF) and the proposed National Fund for Protected Areas (FONAP),
131:
is killing the forest, for example, by cutting down trees. Water pollution is the contamination of water caused by different industries. Also, the loss of biological diversity is caused by the extinction of different animal species. Lastly, air pollution is largely caused by the increasing number of
79:
possesses a diverse range of natural habitats, housing a wide variety of species, including many endangered ones. However, the country has faced environmental challenges, particularly deforestation, since the arrival of
European settlers. Forest areas have been cleared for agricultural purposes,
173:
to regulate the environmental problem was creating an
Environmental Educational program. This helped with the environmental problems by educating Cuban people about observing the environment. For example, the community contributed to neighborhood clean-up techniques. The government created new
186:
which aim to ensure the financial sustainability of conservation projects. In addition, partnerships with international donors and the exploration of payments for ecosystem services (PES) are part of Cuba's strategy to secure necessary funding for its biodiversity conservation efforts.
193:
was established during this energy crisis to bring together engineers, scientists, and planners to develop alternative energy capacity. It seeks to promote solar energy, biogas, hydropower, and solar thermal energy. CubaSolar has participated in projects to mitigate
160:
has been active in Cuba for over 20 years, focusing on improving marine management and implementing ecosystem-based adaptations to climate change. Their work, alongside local government cooperation, aims to preserve Cuba's iconic reefs and rich biodiversity.
155:
Cuba is renowned for its extensive coral reefs, spanning over 1,000 square miles, and hosting more than one-third of all coral reefs in the
Caribbean basin. This makes it home to the region's largest mangrove forest.
174:
methods to prevent the destruction of the environment, such as organic farming versus using chemicals to treat the lands. Designated areas were built for garbage and industrial waste instead of dumping them into
80:
leading to the loss of forests and the extinction of certain species. The cutting down of trees for fuel and construction materials has further contributed to this issue.
330:
402:
373:
34:
45:
63:
227:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"
144:
394:
424:
214:
United
Nations Environment Program. Conference on Water, Report of Cuba. Volunteer Hydraulic. 2001; 13(39): 47–59.
92:
157:
365:
38:
that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
276:
331:"Cuba's Biodiversity Offers Hope for Caribbean Ecosystem Conservation | Conservation Finance Network"
116:
391:
The Low-Carbon
Contradiction: Energy Transition, Geopolitics, and the Infrastructural State in Cuba
300:
Skanavis, C.; Sarri, E. (2004). "Need for sustainable development awareness management in Cuba".
127:
and desertification are produced by the lack of good farming techniques and natural disasters.
398:
369:
248:
309:
256:
238:
124:
195:
112:
107:
are the main causes of environmental problems. In addition, Cuba has other issues such as
104:
261:
226:
418:
128:
120:
108:
243:
313:
393:. Critical environments: nature, science, and politics. Oakland, California:
362:
We Are Cuba!: How a
Revolutionary People Have Survived in a Post-Soviet World
252:
190:
182:
focuses on stewardship and scientific research in Marine
Protected Areas.
147:
mean score of 5.4/10, ranking it 102nd globally out of 172 countries.
135:
175:
302:
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
134:
91:
170:
100:
76:
17:
198:. It has built greenhouses for research on seed cultivation.
35:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
41:
8:
260:
242:
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:
355:
353:
351:
132:"old" cars that fill Cuba's streets.
7:
325:
323:
335:www.conservationfinancenetwork.org
169:One of the main solutions used by
14:
277:"The Nature Conservancy in Cuba"
145:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
22:
395:University of California Press
1:
441:
244:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
389:Cederlöf, Gustav (2023).
314:10.1080/13504500409469839
165:Environmental solutions
96:Satellite image of Cuba
281:The Nature Conservancy
158:The Nature Conservancy
140:
97:
44:by rewriting it in an
366:Yale University Press
360:Yaffe, Helen (2020).
231:Nature Communications
138:
95:
117:loss of biodiversity
88:Environmental issues
425:Environment of Cuba
151:Marine biodiversity
141:
98:
46:encyclopedic style
33:is written like a
404:978-0-520-39313-4
375:978-0-300-24551-6
74:
73:
66:
432:
409:
408:
386:
380:
379:
357:
346:
345:
343:
342:
327:
318:
317:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
273:
267:
266:
264:
246:
221:
215:
212:
143:Cuba had a 2018
125:Soil degradation
69:
62:
58:
55:
49:
26:
25:
18:
440:
439:
435:
434:
433:
431:
430:
429:
415:
414:
413:
412:
405:
388:
387:
383:
376:
359:
358:
349:
340:
338:
329:
328:
321:
299:
298:
294:
285:
283:
275:
274:
270:
223:
222:
218:
213:
209:
204:
196:desertification
167:
153:
113:water pollution
105:desertification
90:
70:
59:
53:
50:
42:help improve it
39:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
438:
436:
428:
427:
417:
416:
411:
410:
403:
381:
374:
347:
319:
292:
268:
216:
206:
205:
203:
200:
166:
163:
152:
149:
89:
86:
84:biodiversity.
72:
71:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
437:
426:
423:
422:
420:
406:
400:
396:
392:
385:
382:
377:
371:
367:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
336:
332:
326:
324:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
296:
293:
282:
278:
272:
269:
263:
258:
254:
250:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
217:
211:
208:
201:
199:
197:
192:
187:
183:
179:
177:
172:
164:
162:
159:
150:
148:
146:
137:
133:
130:
129:Deforestation
126:
122:
121:air pollution
118:
114:
110:
109:deforestation
106:
102:
94:
87:
85:
81:
78:
68:
65:
57:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
20:
19:
16:
390:
384:
361:
339:. Retrieved
337:. 2016-07-12
334:
305:
301:
295:
284:. Retrieved
280:
271:
234:
230:
219:
210:
188:
184:
180:
168:
154:
142:
99:
82:
75:
60:
51:
32:
15:
341:2024-03-14
308:(4): 356.
286:2024-03-14
202:References
253:2041-1723
191:CubaSolar
189:In 1994,
54:June 2011
419:Category
139:Matanzas
262:7723057
40:Please
401:
372:
259:
251:
176:Havana
119:, and
115:, the
237:(1).
178:Bay.
399:ISBN
370:ISBN
249:ISSN
171:Cuba
103:and
101:Soil
77:Cuba
310:doi
257:PMC
239:doi
421::
397:.
368:.
364:.
350:^
333:.
322:^
306:11
304:.
279:.
255:.
247:.
235:11
233:.
229:.
123:.
111:,
407:.
378:.
344:.
316:.
312::
289:.
265:.
241::
67:)
61:(
56:)
52:(
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.